DCC5163 – Theory of Structures

Topic 1 – Slope Deflection Method for Statically

Indeterminate Beams

Lecturer: Hazriesyam Amir Bin Mustapha

 Content:
1.1 Understand the basic concept of slope deflection method for solving
the statically indeterminate beams

1.1.1 State the slope deflection equation (moment equation)

1.1.2 Calculate the internal moment at support for continouos beams

subjected to point loads and distributed loads up to three unknowns
using slope deflection method

1.1.3 Draw shear force and bending moment diagram

 Basic concept of slope deflection method for
solving the statically indeterminate beams

 The frames below was statically indeterminate because it has more than
three numbers of support reaction, R > 3.
 Statically determinate beams, R = 3
W kN

C
A B

 Basic static equilibrium equation (∑M = 0 , ∑Fy = 0 , ∑Fx = 0 ) can not be

use to determine the support reaction value for statically indeterminate
beam above.
 How ever, the slope deflection method can be use to calculate the support
reaction value for the statically indeterminate beam above.
  Refer to the beam diagram below, some bending will occur along the beam
span after the beam been loaded with some load.
W kN If support B is rigid,
If support A is rigid, No deflection will
D C
No deflection will A B occur at point B
occur at point A yD yC ≠ 0
θA = 0 θD θC = 0 θB ≠ 0
yA = 0 yB = 0

 As a result from the bending, slope and deflection will occur on that beam
Slope, θ  the angle between the original line of the beam and the
tangent line at the bending curve at some point on the beam.
Deflection, y  the vertical measurement of the bending quantity of a
beam at some point on the beam before and after the
bending
 Slope-Deflection Equation MFAB W kN MFBA

C
MAB A B
MBC
L
A B
EI
Assumed
support A Assumed support B un-rigid
θA = 0 L θB ≠ 0
un-rigid E = material Young's modulus, L =length, and
yA ≠ 0 Support deflection effect, ∆ = yA - yB yB ≠ 0
I = moment of inertia

 Also known as Moment Equation at support, (MAB & MBA) on a beam as a result of an action
effect from:
i) Slope – rotation (θA & θB)
ii) Support deflection, ∆ – the difference for the support displacements
iii) Fix-End Moment, (MF) – reaction moments developed in a beam member under certain
load conditions with both ends are assume fixed.
 Boundary Condition
 The condition that refer to the slope & deflection condition at every types of support that has
been use on beams structure.

 Slope, θ : θC  disregarded
i) Fix-End Support, θ = 0
A B C
ii) Pin & Roller Support, θ ≠ 0
iii) Overhanging (Cantilever beam), θ  ignored
θA = 0 θB ≠ 0
yA = 0 yB ≠ 0

 Displacement effect, ∆ = yA - yB ( the value will be given)

If the support at A is assumed rigid and strong (fix-end support), yA = 0
If the support at B is not fix-end (not rigid & not strong), yB ≠ 0
Fix-End Moment, MF
 Referring to the beam with two span below which is span AB & span BC:
W1 kN W2 kN

 Fix end moment must be analyse /calculate for every span

A B C separately
 Each types of support for both end on every beam span
L2 must be change to fix end support types (except for
L1
cantilever beam)
 Fix-End Moment, MF must be determine for every span:
W kN MFBA MFBC = MBC =W x L2
MFAB
W kN

A B B C
L1 L2

Span AB Span BC
 Fix-End Moment, MF

Tabel of formula for fix end moment

on beam loaded with each type of
load

Types of load and equation commonly used

Types of load commonly act on beam:

i) Point Load (1 @ more than 1)
ii) Uniformly Distributed Load (1 @ more than 1)
iii) Combination of i) & ii)
Example 1 – Determination of Fix End Moment, MF

7 kN/m

2m 6m 5m

By referring to the table of formula, determine the fix end moment

value at support A and support B
Example 2 – Determination of Fix End Moment, MF
25 kN
25 kN

2m 5m
2m 5m

By referring to the table of formula, determine the fix end moment

value at support A and support B
Example 3 – Determination of Fix End Moment, MF

By referring to the table of formula, determine the fix end moment

value at support A and support B
Example 4 – Determination of Fix End Moment, MF

By referring to the table of formula, determine the fix end moment

value at support A and support B
Example 5 – Determination of Fix End Moment, MF

By referring to the table of formula, determine the fix end moment

value at support A and support B
Example 5 – Determination of Fix End Moment, MF

By referring to the table of formula, determine the fix end moment

value at each support
Example 7 – Determination of Fix End Moment, MF

By referring to the table of formula, determine the fix end moment

value at each
Method for solving the statically indeterminate beams problem
1) Determine the value of fix end moment, MF at each support for every span of beam (1 span has 2 equation,
except for cantilever beam)
2) Write down the slope-deflection equation for every span of beam (1 span has 2 equation, except for
cantilever beam)
3) Identify the number of “unknown”  θ = ?? ; (value of deflection effect, ∆ can be assumed as zero (0) if no
displacement occur)
4) Identify the boundary condition for each support and simplify the available slope-deflection equation
5) Simplify and calculate the available slope-deflection equation at pin support and roller support to determine
the value of “unknown”  θ = ??
Theoretically, The total of moment at pin or roller support = 0  ( ∑Mat pin = 0 @ ∑Mat roller = 0 )
6) Determine the value of moment at each support (Use the value of unknown (θ = ??) to solve the slope-
deflection equation).
7) Determine the support reaction value using the statically determinate equation ( ∑M = 0 , ∑Fy = 0 , ∑Fx = 0 )
i) One span beam – one span solution method
ii) Continouos beam (span > 1) – calculation will be done for each single span for every span of beam
8) Draw the Shear Force Diagram & Bending Moment Diagram
Example 8 – Solution for statically indeterminate beam

By using the slope deflection method,

answer the question below:

i) Determine the support reaction value

for each support
ii) Draw the shear force diagram
iii) Draw the bending moment diagram

Assume no displacement happen at

each support.
Example 9 – Solution for statically indeterminate beam

25 kN 25 kN
By using the slope deflection method,
answer the question below:

i) Determine the support reaction value

for each support
2m 5m
2m 5m
ii) Draw the shear force diagram
iii) Draw the bending moment diagram

Assume no displacement happen at

each support.
Example 10 – Solution for statically indeterminate beam

By using the slope deflection method,

7 kN/m answer the question below:

i) Determine the support reaction value

for each support
2m 6m 5m ii) Draw the shear force diagram
iii) Draw the bending moment diagram

Assume no displacement happen at

each support.
Example 11 – Solution for statically indeterminate beam

By using the slope deflection method,

answer the question below:

i) Determine the support reaction value

for each support
ii) Draw the shear force diagram
iii) Draw the bending moment diagram

Assume no displacement happen at

each support.
Example 12 – Solution for statically indeterminate beam

By using the slope deflection method,

answer the question below:

i) Determine the support reaction value

for each support
ii) Draw the shear force diagram
iii) Draw the bending moment diagram

Assume no displacement happen at

each support.
Example 13 – Solution for statically indeterminate beam

By using the slope deflection method,

answer the question below:

i) Determine the support reaction value

for each support
ii) Draw the shear force diagram
iii) Draw the bending moment diagram

Assume no displacement happen at

each support.
Example 14 – Solution for statically indeterminate beam

By using the slope deflection method,

answer the question below:

i) Determine the support reaction value

for each support
ii) Draw the shear force diagram
iii) Draw the bending moment diagram

Assume no displacement happen at

each support.