REVERSE GEAR MECHANISM FOR TWO

WHEELER VEHICLES
P.LOGANATHAN *, T.SUBASH, R.RAJKUMAR, R.SUDHAKARAN, P.SOORIYA PRAKASH

*Assistant Professor, UG Students

DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING,
KSR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
TIRUCHENGODE-637215
prakashvpsooriya@gmail.com

It consists of three shafts with a

ABSTRACT keyway cutting and four spur gears.
Driver shaft consists of compound
In our country, there are many
gear arrangement. Gear 1 and Gear 2
thousands of physically challenged
are main gears, Gear 3 is idler gear
persons who use the same old vehicles
which is to transmit power from gear
meant for handicapped persons.
2 to gear 4 for forward motion and
Normally, a handicapped vehicle does
gear 4 is a driven gear that is mounted
not have reverse gear. We want to
with driven shaft.
overcome these difficulties of
handicapped people by implementing The driven shaft consists of a

our project, presented in this paper, sprocket that is connected with a chain

whose main aim is to help physically arrangement that allows rear wheel to

challenged persons to move their rotate. Lever is used in gear setup to

vehicle in reverse without the help of change the gear in forward and

others. reverse motion while supporting plate

is used for mounting three shafts.
Shifting of gears arrangement is
provided to change the gear in
forward and reverse motion. When

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 the gear is shifted from right to face number of problems in their daily
left, it makes the vehicle move life. In order to bring them in the main
forward. When the gear is shifted stream both the central as well as the
from left to right, it moves the vehicle state governments are introducing
in a reverse direction. It is normally many welfare measures and schemes.
based on messing of gears. To avail these welfare measures and
the schemes, first of all they must
INTRODUCTION
aware about the same. In motor
Nowadays, the intensity of traffic on vehicles, the transmission generally is
Indian roads is increasing at high connected to the engine crankshaft via
pace. As in this date there are many a flywheel and or partly because inter
options for transportation available combustion engines cannot run below
for physically challenged persons like, a particular speed. . A simple but
Motorized wheel chair, Hand powered rugged sliding-mesh or
tri-cycle, Scooters, etc. The problem unsynchronized/non-synchronous
associated with motorized wheel chair system, where straightcut spur gear
is that it way too costly and is not sets spin freely, and must be
suitable for commuting. Hand synchronized by the operator
powered tri-cycle requires heavy matching engine revs to road speed, to
human effort and in Moped there is avoid noisy and damaging clashing of
Continuous Variable Transmission the gears. The now common constant-
(CVT) system for power transmission mesh gearboxes, which can include
purpose. With the help of CVT we non-synchronized, or
only obtain forward motion. There is synchronized/synchromesh systems,
no provision of reverse motion in where typically diagonal cut helical (or
moped. To overcome this drawback, sometimes either straight-cut, or
we have designed and fabricated doublehelical) gear sets are constantly
reverse gear box in moped to make “meshed” together, and a dog clutch is
physically challenged person self- used for changing gears. On
dependent. synchromesh boxes, friction cones or
“synchro-rings” are used in addition
The physically challenged
to the dog clutch to closely match the
persons are one of the excluded
rotational speeds of the two sides of
sections of the society and also they

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 the (declutched) transmission before making a full mechanical engagement

LITERATURE REVIEW one reverse gear)the counter shaft has

four gears which are rigidly connected
Fabrication of pneumatic gear
to it. Clutch shaft has one gear and
changer by this construction there are
main shaft has two gears.
two pneumatic cylinders consisting of
pistons on either side of the vehicle The two gears on the main

pedal for engaging the gear. The shaft can slide in the horizontal

cylinders are operated with the help of direction along the splines of the main

a pressurized air coming from shaft. However, the gears on the

compressor and it is controlled by a counter shaft cannot slide. The clutch

control unit (micro controller). This gear is rigidly fixed to the clutch shaft.

microcontroller (chip) is It is always connected to the counter

preprogrammed for working of the shaft drive gear. The two gears on the

system. The role of two pneumatic main shaft can be slide by the shifter

cylinders is one for increasing the gear yoke by operating the shift lever (not

speed and for decreasing the gear shown in Figures).

speed. For the forward motion one

These two gears are second
cylinder is actuated & for the reverse
gear and low/reverse gear respectively.
motion second cylinder is actuated.
These gears can be meshed with

Design and Study of Four corresponding gears on the counter

Speed Sliding Mesh Gear Box is shaft with the help of shifter yoke and

simplest type of gear box out of the shift lever. Shift lever is operated by

available gear boxes. In this type of hand in four wheelers for changing the

gear box, gears are changed by sliding gears. A reverse idler gear is mounted

one gear on the other. This gear box on another (third) shaft and is always

consists of three shafts; main shaft, in mesh with reverse gear on counter

clutch shaft and a counter shaft. In a shaft.

four speed gear box (which includes

 ENGINE
 FRAMES
 FUEL TANK
 PISTON

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  CHAINS SPROCKET
 GEAR BOX
 CARBURATOR

WORKING PRINCIPLE

A four-stroke spark-ignition the next upward movement of the

engine is an Otto cycle engine. It piston. The strokes are similar to those
consists of following four discussed under four-stroke diesel
strokes: suction or intake engines.
stroke, compression stroke, expansion
or power stroke, exhaust stroke. Each
stroke consists of 180 degree rotation
of crankshaft rotation and hence
a four-stroke cycle is completed
through 720 degree of crank rotation.
Thus for one complete cycle there is
only one power stroke while the
crankshaft turns by two revolutions.

FOUR-STROKE SPARK IGNITION

ENGINE In this gasoline is mixed with
air, broken up into a mist and
partially vaporized in a carburetor
(Fig. 5). The mixture is then sucked
into the cylinder. There it is
compressed by the upward movement
of the piston and is ignited by an OPERATION
electric spark. When the mixture is
Fixed-Venturi In which the varying
burned, the resulting heat causes the
air velocity in the Venturi alters the
gases to expand. The expanding gases
fuel flow; this architecture is
exert a pressure on the piston (power
stroke). The exhaust gases escape in

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 employed in most carburetors found Variable-Venturi
on cars.
In which the fuel jet opening is directly controlled by the throttle
varied by the slide (which position.
simultaneously alters air flow). In The most common variable
"constant depression" carburetors, Venturi (constant depression) type
this is done by a vacuum operated carburetor is the side draft SU
piston connected to a tapered needle carburetor and similar models from
which slides inside the fuel jet. A Hitachi, Zenith-Stromberg and other
simpler version exists, most commonly makers. The UK location of the SU
found on small motorcycles and dirt and Zenith-Stromberg companies
bikes, where the slide and needle is helped these

carburetors rise to a position of the VV carburetor proved

domination in the UK car market,
though such carburetors were also
very widely used on Volvos and other
non-UK makes. Other similar designs
have been used on some European and
a few Japanese automobiles.
These carburetors are also
referred to as "constant velocity" or
"constant vacuum" carburetors. An
interesting variation was Ford's VV
(Variable Venturi) carburetor, which
was essentially a fixed
Venturicarburetor with one side of the
Venturi hinged and movable to give a
narrow throat at low rpm and a wider
throat at high rpm. This was designed
to provide good mixing and airflow
over a range of engine speeds, though
problematic in service.
BASICS:
A carburetor basically consists
of an open pipe through which the air
passes into the inlet manifold of the
engine. The pipe is in the form of a
Venturi: it narrows in section and
then widens again, causing the airflow
to increase in speed in the narrowest
part. Below the Venturi is a butterfly
valve called the throttle valve — a
rotating disc that can be turned end-
on to the airflow, so as to hardly
restrict the flow at all, or can be
rotated so that it (almost) completely
blocks the flow of air.
MACHINES
AND FUNCTIONS:

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The low resistance to motion The sliding distance is reduced for a
(compared to dragging) is explained as given distance of travel.The coefficient
follows (refer to friction): of friction at the interface is usually
lower.
The normal force at the sliding
interface is the same.
Bearings are used to help reduce road ways would give a pleasurable
development to physical challengers
friction at the interface. In the
which may result in unity.
simplest and oldest case the bearing is
just a round hole through which the
REFERENCE:
axle passes (a "plain bearing").
1. Naijar, Yousef S.H.
CONCLUSION
(2009). "Alternative Fuels for

In the developed countries the debate Spark Ignition Engines"

has moved beyond a concern about the 2. Beale, Paul; Partridge, Eric
perceived cost of maintaining the
dependent people and to find effective (2003),
ways of ensuring the people to 3. "American Heritage
contribute in all spheres of life
activities. Measuring the developments Dictionary"
which are happened in automobile 4. Rigden, John S.; Stuewer,
technology is incredibly difficult.So
through this project work, we Roger H. (2009). The Physical
interlink these two things and try to Tourist: A Science Guide for
solve the problem as more as efficient
with our knowledge.We hope that the the Traveler.
launching of our vehicle in our Indian

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