UNIT1 " 2. ‘m(am) measuring Erasure 3a doubt doubt 2 iscurrently attracting (‘attracts' is iso possible) attract 5 a doesnt tke “m(o) not king (don tei also possible) 2 eae) ting b doesnt ft Ta feels 6m (am) not feting (don fees also posible) 8 consists of (consists ony of would also be possible) b consists of 9-2 '5 (i) sounding (sounds is also posible) » sounds 10 a '5(s) having b has apologise / “mapotogising- admit / ‘madmiting- don't suggest /’m not suggesting {both possible) 4 now realise /'m now realising (both possible) 5. confess / ‘mconfessing- 6 -consider- /’m considering 7 doyou find / are you finding (both possible) 8 know / “im knowing: 9. don't guarantee /'mnot guaranteeing {both possible) 10. promise / “mrpromising: UNIT2 2a 1 shoots, are attacking 2 artves is waiting, says 3 is playing, stands, starts 22 Possible answers 2 gather Vegecorp are going to sacka ‘thousand workers, 3 understand we're going to have a ‘new public holiday forthe President's birthday. 4 Edtells me Bruno's crashed his car goin 5 Julia says she's got a new job. 6 They say they've identified a gene which causes some people to overeat 23 2. You're forever asking me for money. 3. You'e constantly criticising my driving 4 You're continually changing your mind, 5. You'e forever moaning about (your) work 24 The most likely verbsare given: 1 a were (are) usually eating (Wwe usually eat is also possible) b don't eat 2 a lays (is playing’ isalso possible) b ‘te (are) constantly playing {constantly play’ is also possible) 3a Fmaormally taking ("normally take’ is also possible. It would suggest, however, that thisis the time they leave home. Present continuous suggests that they are con the way to school at 8:30) b takes UNIT3 3a + went 2 ‘ve have) had 3 wore 4 "ve (have) spent 5 overslept 6 haven't read 32 1 hasn't wanted ~ell 2 has worked —hasn't had 3 rescued —has been 4 has happened ~spoke 5 have been able —have felt 6 has improved ~has been 33 1 a signed: "ve (have) signed b signed v 2 a irished-'ve (have finished finished v 3 2 gov b -got have got 4a heard heard ‘ve (have) heard 34 The most appropriate tensesare given 1 haevisited 2 has closed (or has been closed; present perfect passive) ~ died 3. has dropped - has fallen 4. have been stolen (present perfect passive) insisted —held UNIT 4 a1 2 was hoping - gave 13 Uved was spending /was living — spent 4. started - was checking in 5 was looking -saw 6 came—was showing 7. was playing ~ broke 8 went off -lit 9 wasn't listening didn't tisten’ is also possible) - was explaining explained’ {is also possible) 10. added-tasted TL wasn't watching (idn’t wate is also possible) ~ was dreaming ‘dreamt’ is aso possible) 12 pushed ran 42 1 ‘was getting’ and ‘got’ are both possible The past simple suggests that ‘one event followed the other: got in and then the lights went off. The past continuous suggests thatthe lights ‘went off 35 was in the process of getting ready to get into the bath, “4 "was checking in’ or ‘checked i are both possible with a similar mesning Using the past continuous presents ‘checking in as the background event hich was going on as the couple started to chatto him, 7 ‘was playing’ and “played” are both possible. The past continuous suggests that this was a temporary rather than ‘regular arrangement. 1 “didn't watch’ and ‘dreamt’ are ‘also possible. However, the past ‘continuous emphasises that ‘not watching! and ‘dreaming’ went on at the same time and seems more likely here, 43 1 wasbuying turned ‘was slowly putting (Past simple in 3 and past continuous in 4 seem most likely here as ‘turned round’ describes ‘a completed action and "was slowly putting’ describes the action that was ‘Boing on at that time, However, past continuous is also possible in 3 and past simple also possible in 4.) was carrying walked Picked up thought was looking 251Key to Exercises 252 10. dropped 1 had 12 noticed 13 was watching 14 hurried 15 were walking / walked (similar meaning) 16 ran UNITS 5a events ‘order ‘order events are | of ‘mentioned | events intext moved. z 2 Hearne. 5 6 The property | 9 8 developer decided... ‘heard... 8 8 Hirst saw the | 1 3 ‘old house Aproperty | 6 4 developer bought it nearly gave | 7 7 op, I put together | 4 5 enough money. lewas empty | 3 1 The first pas ‘point of reference is ‘When first saw the od house’ Events before this ae in the past perfect" had just moved. 'Ithad been empty’ The second past ‘point of reference when learnt...” Events before this rein the past perfect" had put together’ “had bought’. Notice that we could use! put together’ here as the order of events is made clear by By the time, ‘The third past ‘point of referenc When | heard that the house was forsale again’. Events before this rein the past Perfect: 't had nearly given up. "The Property developer had decided... 52 had met had been / went had taken /took hadseen had lost had found had cheated / cheated had made up had gone / went hadn't heard x n a hha finished / finished had eaten (Note: In North American English ‘ate would also be possible) 53 2 Lara hadn't intended to become a entist had expected the operation to be painful 4 I hadn't thought of cooking rabbit He hadn't meant to insult her... (or He hadn't meant ito be an insult to her.) UNIT6 61 1 ‘5 (has) been staying (has stayed" also possible) bb ‘ve (have) stayed 2 have been stopping (have stopped’ is aso possible) hasstopped 2 haven't read ‘ve (have) been reading (have read’ {also possible) 2 has been giving (has given also possible) b hasgiven 2 haven't swurn b ‘ve (have) been swimming 2 have been putting have puts also possible) b has or*have’ put 2 has disappeared have been disappearing (have disappeared’ is also possible) 62 S 2 3 5 6 -hesbeen-claiming- has claimed -fove been dying. died have been making ¥ (have made’ is ‘also possible) “hover been producing: ve (have) produced -hovebeen awarding. awarded hhave been looking ¥ (have looked’ and ‘looked’ ace also possible) have also been exploring ¥ (have also ‘explore! and also explored’ are also possible) “hes been-making- has / have made / made “hos beer-investing invested -hos been announcing: has announced thas been increasing ¥ (has increased’ 'salso possible) has been running ¥ (has tunis also possibie) has been neglecting ¥ Chas neglected! is azo possible) has been cutting ¥ (has cut” possible) -have-been finding: have found also 8 have been planning v (have planned’ 's also possible) 9. shavebeen speaking spoke 10 -havealsobeen-writing:have aso written / also wrote UNIT7 ” 1 a had only been working (had only worked is also possible) had finally worked 2 a had carried bb had been carrying (had cari is also possible) 3 2 had applied 'b had been applying (had applied is ‘also possible) 4 a hadflown b nad been fying 72 1 had been trying ("had tried’ is also possible) 2 had visited 3 had cost 4 had been writing (had writtens also possible) 5 had been worrying (had worried is also possible) 6 had arrived 7 had always believed 8 had been talking ‘The past continuous s moe likely in 8 (We were talking...) 73 =z 2 had been taken 3 ¥ (Note that ‘What happened?’ is also possible) ha just heard v had been fishing v hhade't wanted v had collapsed UNIT an The most likely verbs and tenses are given 2 got / arrived 3 feel /am feeling (Present simple and Present continuous have a similar ‘meaning here) 0 know spent texted ‘was waiting got felt / was feeling Past simple and past Continuous have a similar meaning here.) 11 got 2. enjoy Fis enjoying (Present simple and present continuous have a similar ‘meaning here, although the present continuous may suggest that shes ‘not living in Adelaide permanently) 13. slooking 14 seems 18. doesn't get on/isn't geting on Present simple and present continuous have a similar meaning, here, although the present continuous suggests that thisis a temporary problem) 16. complain / ae constantly complaining (Note the word order) 7 iestartng 18 asked 19 amlooking 20 hea heard (Present simple and past simple have a similar meaning here) 82 The most ikely tenses are given. 2 said (as sai’ is also possible, but less tly ere) 3 heard /had heard 4 retumed /had returned 5 came /had come 66 was/ had been 7 lett 8 appointed 9 Fnshed 10 have won 11 accused 12 has disappointed 13. hasspent 83 11 ‘Has he had’ or Has he been having’ are more tkely 27. 3. thought /had thought 4 as worked / has been working 5 had been trying 6 didyougo 7 heard 8 ¥ (went is also possible) 9 ¥ (checked is also possible) 10. have said / said "1 o (have given’ is also possible) 12 have told (told is also possible) UNITS 94 2 ¥ (prediction based on opinion / past experience) 3 ¥ (éecision made at moment of speaking) 4 -Wityowrtakeup-Are you going to take up (prediction based on present evidence) 5. ¥ (prediction based on opinion / past experience) 6 “Abe's going to be (decision already made) 7 Atha‘ going to have (prediction based on present evidence) 8 ALsellre going to sel (prediction ‘based on present evidence) 9 Abewt-'m going to cut (decision already made) 10 “be sick going tobe sick (prediction based on present evidence); fel (prediction based con opinion / past experience) 11 eave.‘ going to leave (decision already made}; willyou tell (or “are you going to tell’ asking about something planned)" try ¥ (decison ‘made at moment of speaking) +12 “Abhave-m going to have (decision already made); -bse- re going to see (decision already made); 'l sort cout ¥ (decision made at moment of speaking) 13 ¥ (Gecision made at moment of speaking) 14 smgoingtohave 'ithave (decision made at moment of speaking) 15 # (prediciton based on opinion / past experience) 16 -Abbild-'m going to build (decision already made) 92 Example verbsare given 2 ‘regoingto plant (main clause action does not depend on action inthe f= clause) 3 ‘Uhurt /‘re going to hurt (conditional negative) 4 wil. buy (tequest) vl start/stop (logical consequence) 6 ‘mgoingto see (main dause action doesnot depend on action in the f= louse) T "ibe sacked J's going tobe sacked (conditional - negative) 8 Whear (bility) UNIT 10 01 1 get (fied event; will get’ is also possible) 2 willook after (less routine atrangement) 3. rains (with incase’) 4 will give out (ess routine arrangement) goes (Fixed event; wil go's also possible) 6 stars (fixed event; will stati also possible) 7 stops (with ‘provide’ 8 change (with ‘what if) 9. will mss (prediction) 10 lend (with ‘untess) Key to Exercises 11 play (r'plays’) (xed event: wil play isso possible) 12 will accept (redicion) 13. want (ith supposing’) ‘14 read (with ‘by the time’) w2 1 (¢-leoving: (prediction perhaps based on opinion, experience o¢ present evidence) "Wil eave’ and is going to leave’ havea similar meaning hee 2 (a)-wik uy (planned future event). "rm gong to buy’ suggests anintertion without a definite ‘rangement; ''m buying’ suggests 2 definite acrangement~ perhaps the speaker has Bought the car ands simply picking it up next week 3. (0 -are going pk (€)-re picking {offer decison made at moment of speking) 4 (@)-ieve-(lanned future evet) "Tm gong to drive’ suggests a personal intention“ diving’ suggests a more definite arangement~ perhaps the speaker has been told to go thereby thelr employer. 5 (c) +eeutsing: (permanent future situation) "Wil ut ands going to ‘at have asimilar meaning here. 6 (dhemgoing tcl (¢)-amealing- (promise; decision made at time of spesking) 7 (a) -wittserve- (planned future event). ‘As the presen continuous forthe future suggests a definite arangement, using ‘am serving lunch inthis content suggests. and lam not changing what | plan todo perhaps showing some irtation or annoyance. 8. (€)-sestoring: (0 contro over predicted event). ‘Wil starve! and‘are ping to starve have a similar mearing here However, as wil isoften used to talk about future facts, it may express more certainty inthis context. 103 1 is joining 7 joins X (wl join 7 is going. tojoinv) 2 are tking x ke x (will ike ¥ are going tolitev) 3 is coming V comes ¥ (will come 7 [but present continuous, present simple or be going to' are more ‘natural here] is going to come ¥) 4: is giving x gives x (will give 7 is going togivex) 1 is/are sacking ¥ sack X (wil sack 7 [but present continuous or‘be going to! are more natural here] i /are going to sack) 253