diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

Name: Hadi Mohammed Aburasheed

ID: 259

HCC can be diagnosed by noninvasive imaging using its unique

dynamic behavior on contrast-enhanced computerized
tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The
typical vascular profile of HCC on dynamic imaging is early
arterial phase enhancement followed by loss of enhancement in
the portal venous and delayed phases compared to the rest of the
liver. This imaging characteristic lends itself to the diagnosis of
HCC with a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 95%. (1)

Another imaging option to diagnose HCC once a hepatic nodule

is detected on standard US may include contrast-enhanced US.
Efforts to improve the sensitivity of standard US have evolved
into a medium known as phase-inversion harmonic contrast-
enhanced imaging, which utilizes microbubble contrast agents.
The use of the contrast medium allows microflow imaging, which
demonstrates the vascularity of the lesions in great detail. (2)
However, this technology is not recommended by the AASLD
practice guidelines as a diagnostic technique because of its
inability to adequately differentiate cholangiocarcinoma from
HCC, causing a false positive HCC diagnosis in patients with
cholangiocarcinoma.
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(unrelated (title a
title) abstra
Google English 27/03/2019 Diagnosis of 82,600 82,599 -
scholar hepatocellular
carcinoma

Tabulation of online database search

Summary table for research literature included in review

Reference/author Title Study aims Samp
/date size
Marrero JA, Hussain Diagnosis of to determine whether 94
HK, Nghiem HV, hepatocellular clinical, laboratory,
Umar R, Fontana RJ, carcinoma and / or radiologic
Lok AS. data can improve the
published in: 2005 prediction of HCC in
cirrhotic patients with
an arterially-
enhancing mass

Wilson SR, Burns PN. Diagnosis of to develop an 92

Published in: 2006 hepatocellular algorithm for liver
carcinoma mass diagnosis using
microbubble
contrast-enhanced
pulse-inversion
sonography.
References:

1-Marrero JA, Hussain HK, Nghiem HV, Umar R, Fontana RJ,

Lok AS. Improving the prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma in
cirrhotic patients with an arterially-enhancing liver mass. Liver
Transpl. 2005;11(3):281–289.

2-Wilson SR, Burns PN. An algorithm for the diagnosis of focal

liver masses using microbubble contrast-enhanced pulse-
inversion sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2006;186(5):1401–
1412.