154A SURFACE STRUCTURES:FOUNDATIONS
basin storm water can infiltrate in the regolith, thereby the
regolith would saturate, resulting in landslides. -Author
Base courses and pavements
943261 Cyclic triaxial testing of road pavement
materials
R . A . Clayton & D. F. H. Wright, in: Geotechnics in the
African environment. Vol. 2, ed G.E. Blight & others,
(Balkema), 1994, pp 535-543.
A Bishop-Wesley triaxial cell has been modified in South
Africa to apply rapid cycling loads of 3 Hz to model typi-
cal stresses due to traffic loadings on coarse granular
materials intended for use in road pavements. This paper
describes briefly the modification of the Bishop-Wesley
cell to permit rapid cycling of the axial stresses. The
results of a number of cyclical triaxial tests carried out on
coarse granular materials are presented and the effects of
varying the rate of loading, the rest period, the degree of
saturation and the degree of compaction are discussed.
Literature indicates that the conventional measurement of
strain over the total length of the specimen can produce
misleading results. Comparisons are made between local
strain measurements over the middle third of the specimen
and the total length. In conclusion the authors make recom-
mendations regarding the cyclical testing of road pavement
materials. -from Authors
943262 Roadway design in karst
J. A. Fischer, J. J. Fischer & R. W. Greene,
Environmental Geology, 22(4), 1993, pp 321-325.
To minimize costs in conventional roadway design, as
much low or valley areas as possible axe utilized. In many
areas of the eastern United States, these valleys are filled
with carbonate rocks. The authors suggest that the key to
proper design, construction, and remediation for roadways
planned in karst is to understand the geologic and hydro-
geologic setting of the route(s) or locale, perform true
geotechnical engineering design, and remedlate with an
understanding of the overall engineering geologic, hydro-
geologic, and environmental picture. -from Authors
943263 An investigation of engineering and environ-
mental concerns relating to proposed highway con-
struction in a k a r s t t e r r a n e
D. A. Hubbard Jr & W. M. Balfour, Environmental
Geology, 22(4), 1993, pp 326-329.
The proposed realignment of a portion of US Highway 58
near Gibson Station, Lee County, Virginia, indicated signi-
ficant potential impacts to Young-Fugate Cave. Field
inspeetton revealed fill for the northbound lane would
extend in excess of 100 m into the Fugate blind valley and
to within 40 m of the Fugate insurgence. Questions were
raised about the risks involved in placing a soft fill across
an active blind valley and the extent of the geotechnical
investigation. The plans contained no provisions to direct
runoff of road salt or leaks and spills from accessing the
Fugate insurgence and thereby endangering two troglobitic
species known to inhabit the cave. The Virginia Cave
Board is negotiating modifications to this construction pro-
OSal based on the engineering and environmental prob-
ms at this site. -from Authors
Foundations
943264 L a b o r a t o r y investigation of polyethylene
sheeting as a friction reducer in deep foundation
K. S. Tawfiq & J. A. Caliendo, Geotextiles &
Geomembranes, 12(8), 1993, pp 739-762.
A testing program was undertaken in which the effective-
ness of ~olyethylene sheeting in mitigating downdrag in
cohesiomess soils was investigated using a direct shear
aratus and a rod shear test. A large number of concrete
~oP.cks were prepared in the laboratory and furnished with
vartous arrangements of polyethylene sheets. The con-
crete-polyethylene-soil samples were tested in the labora-
tory under different temperatures and shearing rates. Based
on the parameters used in this investigation, the obtained
results demonstrated that the polyethylene sheets can be
used as a friction reducer in piles. Using single layer of
polyethTlene sheeting reduced the skin friction by 62-67%
depending on the soil type. -from Authors
943265 Ultimate uplift capacity of model rigid metal
piles in clay
E. C. Shin, B. M. Das, V. K. Puri, S. C. Yen & E. E.
Cook, Geotechnical & Geological Engineering, 11(3),
1993, pp 203-215.
Laboratory model test results for estimation of the ultimate
uplift capacity of rigid metal piles embedded in a com-
aCted near-saturated clayey soil are presented. The
ngth-diameter ratio of the piles was varied from 10 to 15.
The direction of the uplift load on the pile was varied from
0 to 50". Based on the present test results and the results of
existing model studies, an empirical relationship for
estimating the pile uplift capacity has been presented.
-Authors
943266 A modified lumped p a r a m e t r i c model for non-
linear soil-structure interaction analysis
Xiong Jianguo, Wang Danmin & Fu Tieming, Soil
Dynamics & Earthquake Engineering, 12(5), 1993, pp
273-282.
Most soft-structure interaction (SSI) anal~,ses are still con-
ducted assuming linear material behavior or simulating
nonlinear effects through an equivalent linearization and
the structure (foundation) being closely welded with the
surrounding soft. It is recognized, however, that nonlineari-
ties can play a significant role in the results. Two kinds of
nonlinearities must be considered: those associated with
inelastic soft behavior and those resulting from loss of con-
tact between the foundation and the surrounding soft. In
the present paper a modified lumped parametric model for
the analysis o f nonlinear SSI effects has been proposed. In
the model both nonlinearities are taken into account.
-from Authors
943267 In.plane foundation-soil interaction for
embedded circular foundations
M. I. Todorovska, Soil Dynamics & Earthquake
Engineering, 12(5), 1993, pp 283-297.
Foundation-soft interaction is studied using an analytical
two-dimensional model, for circular foundations embedded
in a homogeneous elastic half-space and for incident plane
P- and SV- and for surface Rayleigh waves. It is shown
that free-field translations and point rotation approximate
well the foundation input motion only for very long
incident waves. For shorter incident waves, those in gen-
eral overestimate the foundation input motion. Neglecting
the.rotation of the foundation input motion may eliminate a
major contribution to the base excitation of buildings and
may cause nonconservative estimates of the forces in these
buildings. Incident waves appear as 'longer' to a shallow
foundation than to a deeper foundation. Therefore, deeper
foundations are more effective in reflecting and scattering
the short incident waves. -from Author
943268 Insight on 2D- versus 3D.modeiling of surface
foundations via strength-of-materials solutions for soil
dynamics
J. P. Wolf & J. W. Meek, Earthquake Engineering &
Structural Dynamics, 23(1), 1994, pp 91-112.
To simplify the analysis, three-dimensional soft-structure
interaeUon problems arc often modelled by considering a
two-dimensmnal slice without changing the material pro-
perties of the soft. This procedure, although convenient, is
of questionable validity because two-dimensional model-
ling inherently overestimates the radiation damping for
translational and rocking motions. Valuable insights into
the essence of radiation damping and the difference
between two-dimensional and three-dimensional models
may be obtained via approximate strength-of-materials
solutions based on cone-wedge models and travel-time
considerations. -from Authors
943269 Cyclic response of axially loaded pile groups
C. Y. Lee, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering - ASCE,
119(9), 1993, pp 1399-1413.
This paper 1presents a total stress hybrid load-transfer
analysis for me response of pfte groups in clay under either