1

Colombia an Energetic Country with Electrical Deficiencies

Edgar Krejci Garzon1,*, Martha Isabel Salazar, Angee Paola Lopez2,*,

1 Edgar Krejci Garzon, HORUS Research Incubator Leader,
Bogotá, Colombia
Edgar_krejci@cun.edu.co
2 Martha Isabel Salazar, Angee Paola Lopez, HORUS Research Incubator Student ,
Bogotá, Colombia
martha.salazard@cun.edu.co, angee.lopez@cun.edu.co
(April 29th , 2017)

Summary - The world is facing an energy crisis. Industrialized
countries consume enormous amounts of energy so there will
not be enough energy in the future to meet the needs of the
world's population. Consumption is so great that nature takes a
million years to produce, man consumes it in a year.
Edmond Becquerel discovered that from the sun you could
generate electricity. But today, after almost two centuries, the
world continues to depend on conventional energy, although it
is more expensive. Colombia, for example, is privileged to
have abundant solar rays for most of the year. Good news is
that the importance of alternative energies is now more widely
recognized.
Global energy is based on non-renewable fossil fuels such as
oil, coal and natural gas. Oil is currently at the limit of its
production, but its demand is not, it will continue to grow as
the years pass and population increases. This is one of the
problems of the current energy system; The fossil fuels are
being depleted, and in addition, their combustion causes a lot
of pollution, which leads to acid rain and the greenhouse
effect. That is why it is imperative to make a change and use
more renewable energy sources
Keywords: Photovoltaic Energy, Applications, Regulations
It consists of the direct conversion of sunlight into electricity,
through an electronic device called "solar cell"; These cells are
interconnected and grouped in modules that can generate
0.9Kwh / day m² (approx 1.5m² a module).
This conversion of light energy into electrical energy is a
physical phenomenon known as photovoltaic effect. Solar
radiation is captured by the photovoltaic modules, which then
generate electrical energy (photovoltaic effect) as a
direct current. Basically there are two types of applications of
photovoltaic solar energy:
These systems have as their mission to guarantee a supply of
autonomous electricity (independent of the public electricity
grid) of consumers or isolated dwellings. These installations
have no technical limitations as to the electrical power it can
produce; Only reasons of economy and profitability establish a
dimension to the number of modules and accumulators to be
installed.
RENEWABLE ENERGY
It is called renewable energy to that energy obtained from
"natural sources". Whether it be the wind, the sun, the water,
the heat produced by the earth; Are classified in two: "non-
polluting or clean and polluting". Within the clean energy, the
following list is found:
• The energy obtained from fresh or salt water, called blue
energy.
• The energy produced by the wind: wind energy.
• That produced by Earth's heat: geothermal energy.
• Energy consumed by freshwater rivers and streams:
hydroelectric or hydroelectric power.
• The seas and oceans: tidal power.
• Energy produced by Sun: solar energy.
• Finally we find the energy produced by the waves: wave
energy.
On the other hand, it is the polluting energy obtained from
organic materials or "biomass" that can be used "directly as
fuel (wood or other solid plant material), either converted into
bioethanol or biogas by organic fermentation processes or in
biodiesel, Through transesterification and urban waste
reactions
Therefore, that energy obtained from renewable sources called
pollutant, will show equal problems because "energy produced
by fossil fuels: in combustion emit carbon dioxide, greenhouse
gas, and are often even more polluting because Combustion is
not so clean, emitting soot and other solid particles. They fit
within the renewable energies because as long as the
vegetables that produce them can be cultivated, they will not
be exhausted.
Because energy sources are running out and will eventually be
depleted at some point, and also cause irreparable damage to
the environment, all human beings must become aware of and

seek alternatives to energy efficient solutions that are friendly
to The environment and that in turn does not affect the rhythm
of life that society leads to it has been evolving and
researching in the good use of natural resources such as wind,
sun, rivers and seas, organic material of plants or The inner
heat of the earth, among others. Solar energy is a great
alternative for energy production. Colombia, because of its
strategic position in the tropics and in the Andean mountain
system, has a potential in wind, solar and geothermal energies.
These alternative energies come from resources that are related
to the natural cycles of the planet, making it possible These are
available on a permanent basis.
Solar energy is the primary source of light and heat on earth,
This type of energy is free, does not generate emissions and is
silent. It is also one of the few renewable technologies that can
be integrated into the urban landscape and is useful in
Rural areas with difficult access. For this, Colombia must take
advantage of each of its advantages and bet on the
development and use of clean energy, because if on the one
hand it has advantages such as the climatic variety, on the
other hand it has vulnerability in water sources and in general
of the environment by continuing the use of non-renewable
energies that are limited in the planet and whose speed of
consumption is greater than that of its regeneration; Colombia
is a country with diverse energy sources. It is a net energy
exporting country, where oil, coal and electricity are exported.
Most of the electricity generation in the National
Interconnected System (SIN) is derived from hydroelectricity
(80%) and the remaining 20%, practically from thermal power
stations, with a small share of Small Hydroelectric Power
Plants (PCHs), cogeneration in Agroindustry and a wind farm.
It is clear that in terms of electricity generation Colombia is a
green country, only surpassed in the participation of the
renewable energy by some countries of the continent like
Brazil and Costa Rica. The resource potential of Renewable
Energy Sources (RES) is high. The country has resources in
virtually all renewable sources (solar, wind, biomass, small
power plants, geothermal, etc.) and with high potential.
However, the development of these sources is limited in the
country. Among the main barriers that have hitherto limited its
development are not only the high initial cost of new
Renewable Energy Technologies (TERs) but also barriers of
diverse nature derived from a legal and regulatory framework
for the generation of electric energy with very little FER
Developed in the SIN, the lack of knowledge about these
sources, since the mainstream media such as television, radio,
newspapers and others do not provide this type of information
to the community, and That this country is one of those who
practice less the good habit of reading and investigating it is
almost impossible for them to know and apply these new
alternatives of practical solutions, that is why it is almost not
seen that in Colombia these types of changes are given or
generated However, there are already laws that seek to
promote such solutions.
"Policies of the National Government. Consistent with a state
policy established since 2001 with Law 697 on the
RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY and the USE OF NON-
CONVENTIONAL SOURCES, the National Government
through the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable
2
Development and the UPME, established two resolutions in
The 2,012 that seek to encourage the energy saving and
participation of the Non-Conventional Sources both in the
Non-Interconnected Zones of the country and in the National
Interconnection System. These goals and incentives are
initially aimed at the Industrial sector, understanding that this
is always a pointer to innovation, engineering and greater
purchasing power that will enable the generation of
representative projects that serve as a model for other
productive sectors. Likewise, a draft Law that seeks to
promote Renewable Energies in the National electricity market
and in Non-Interconnected zones is being approved in the year
2015. This is how the conditions
The current ones provide an important opportunity to
potentialize with a judicious, methodical technological
appropriation that results in successful projects that can be
replicated in the country.
Currently there are two types of application of the use of the
sun as a source of renewable energy
- ENERGY BACKUP SYSTEMS AND / OR SOLAR-
DIESEL HYBRID SYSTEMS
- GRID TIE SYSTEMS
"The first is an energy backup solution, the second is a power
generation system. BACKUP SYSTEMS WITH SOLAR
ENERGY. In remote locations, with difficulty for electricity
supply, photovoltaic solar energy offers a safer, more
environmentally friendly, efficient and cost-effective solution.
Within the system there is the process of transforming the light
rays or photons to obtain electricity, by means of the Panel.
Subsequently, the storage process must be considered (for
Back up) to save the energy that is required in the hours that
are not Radiation through the batteries and finally the supply
process, which is the conversion of direct current captured by
the panels and stored by the batteries to an alternating current
for the operation of electrical equipment, the latter process is
achieved with an inverter. These systems can be totally
isolated or "Hybrid systems" where several sources of energy
AC and DC are combined. In this case for electrification 24
hours of non-interconnected populations, a design is realized
where a diesel generation plant is backed up, minimizing its
operating hours so that a much cheaper KW-H is achieved.
GRID TIE SYSTEM This is a form of inexhaustible, high
efficiency electric power generation in our country, given the
great solar radiation throughout the year. Within this system
the transformation process with the panels is the same, but the
electricity injection is made immediately to the solar
production, supplying to the internal system of a house,
commercial establishment or industry a strip of energy
simultaneously with the Network Of public supply. In this
system there is NO storage, so it is much more economical,
easy operation and maintenance. "
II Normativity In Colombia.
First of all The standard establishes general requirements for
measurements such as the calibration of the reference device
(the one with which the irradiation measurements are carried
out), its spectral response, the accuracy of ± 1 ° C between the
reference device And probe, and connections

NTC 1736, SOLAR ENERGY. DEFINITIONS AND
NOMENCLATURE (08/24/2005): This standard defines the
nomenclature for solar radiation variables, meteorological
parameters, and parameters of orientation and surface location.
The standard lists definitions of general concepts (absorption,
emittance, reflectance, etc.), concepts of radiation and angles
(aphelion, solar hour angle, solar declination, radiant flux,
irraciation, etc.), and radiation measurement Shadow ring,
photometer, haliometer, pirgeometer, etc.). It also includes a
classification of solar collectors, their types of installations, as
well as definitions and graphs of their main components.
This standard therefore focuses on solar collectors, used to
obtain thermal energy from solar energy, and does not mention
anything specific about photovoltaic module.
NTC 2775, PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ENERGY.
TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS (8/24/2005):
This standard only contains definitions regarding photovoltaic
systems, in accordance with the symbology established in
standard NTC 1736.
The standard then shows some indications for the tests with
natural light, with a continuous solar simulator and a pulsed
solar simulator.
III. Legal framework
LAW 1715 OF MAY 13, 2014, THROUGH WHICH THE
INTEGRATION OF NON-CONVENTIONAL
RENEWABLE ENERGIES IS REGULATED TO THE
NATIONAL ENERGY SYSTEM. Article 19. Development of
solar energy. 1. Solar energy will be considered as FNCR. The
conditions of the nature of the source should be studied and
analyzed for technical regulation by CREG. 2. The National
Government through the Ministry of Mines and Energy, the
Ministry of Housing and the Ministry of Environment and
Sustainable Development, within the framework of their
functions, will encourage the use of the solar resource in
municipal or district urbanization projects, in official
buildings, in Industrial, residential and commercial sectors. 3.
The National Government through the Ministry of Mines and
Energy directly or through the entity designated for this
purpose will regulate the conditions of participation of solar
energy as a source of distributed generation, establishing the
technical and quality regulations to be complied with by the
facilities Use of solar energy, as well as connection
requirements, surplus delivery mechanisms, and safety
standards for facilities. 4. The National Government will
consider the feasibility of developing solar energy as a source
of self-generation for strata 1, .2 and 3 as an alternative to the
existing subsidy for the electricity consumption of these users.
5. The National Government, through the Ministry of
Environment and Sustainable Development, will determine the
environmental parameters to be fulfilled by the projects
developed with solar energy as well as the mitigation of the
environmental impacts that may occur in its implementation. 6.
The National Government will encourage the use of
photovoltaic generation as a form of self-generation and in GD
schemes with FNCER. 7. The National Government through
the Ministry of Mines and Energy will consider measurement
schemes for all official or private buildings, industries,
businesses and residences that use solar generation sources.
3
The measurement scheme will contemplate the possibility of
double-track measurement (net measurement), so that a self-
generation scheme for these installations is enabled. (FEDEO,
2016)
"It is necessary that all countries have a balanced energy mix
that has energy sources that allow sustainable development.
Colombia, like many other developing countries, faces very
important strategic decisions in relation to its energy sector. It
has abundant coal and hydroelectric potential, very significant
wind resources, but limited gas reserves and some crude
reserves. How to make rational use of these resources is a key
strategic issue that Colombia needs to address in the context of
climate change and multilateral treaties aimed at curbing
greenhouse gases. Reducing dependence on fossil fuels and
diversifying the market in order to minimize the risk of lack of
supply, together with concerns about reducing the negative
impacts of energy consumption, have made renewable energies
in Colombia An attractive alternative.
Technical and quality regulations to be complied with by
installations using solar energy, as well as connection
requirements, surplus delivery mechanisms and safety
standards for installations. 4. The National Government will
consider the feasibility of developing solar energy as a source
of self-generation for strata 1, .2 and 3 as an alternative to the
existing subsidy for the electricity consumption of these users.
5. The National Government, through the Ministry of
Environment and Sustainable Development, will determine the
environmental parameters to be fulfilled by the projects
developed with solar energy as well as the mitigation of the
environmental impacts that may occur in its implementation. 6.
The National Government will encourage the use of
photovoltaic generation as a form of self-generation and in GD
schemes with FNCER. 7. The National Government through
the Ministry of Mines and Energy will consider measurement
schemes for all official or private buildings, industries,
businesses and residences that use solar generation sources.
The measurement scheme will contemplate the possibility of
double-track measurement (net measurement), so that a self-
generation scheme for these installations is enabled. (FEDEO,
2016)
In addition, the possibilities of producing energy near the
centers of consumption and the inadequate supply of energy in
remote and rural areas also make renewable energy an
interesting and promising technological option.
The electricity supply in Colombia depends on the National
Interconnection System (SIN) and several isolated systems
covering Non-Interconnected Zones (ZNI). The SIN comprises
a third of the territory and covers 96% of the population. The
ZNI system covers the remaining two thirds of the national
territory and only provides service to 4% of the population.
In 2005, the electric interconnection system served 87% of the
population, a percentage below the 95% average for Latin
America and the Caribbean (LAC). In Colombia, electricity
coverage is 93 percent in urban areas and 55 percent in rural
areas. Around 2.3 million people still do not have access to
electricity. Areas outside the interconnected system pose
particularly difficult electrification conditions with installed

capacity based almost exclusively on diesel, 80 percent of the
capacity is in plants with a threshold below 100 kW.
Electrification systems based on the use of renewable energy
sources are an appropriate option to provide electricity to
isolated communities. An autonomous or isolated photovoltaic
solar plant is an independent power source and is an ideal and
ecological resource for these isolated and / or without
electricity grid.
As for photovoltaic technologies today, since the first solar
cells of the 50s, built on silicon, has continued to research and
develop new methods with the goal of improving conversion
efficiencies and reduce manufacturing costs. This constant
improvement has allowed the development, both at the
laboratory and commercial level, of a variety of photovoltaic
technologies that currently coexist, with different degrees of
maturity.
Southeastern Southwest, with values similar to those of La
Guajira in the northeast (Puerto Carreño).
Solar Potential
Figure 1. SOLAR PANELS
Solar Potential
Colombia has a solar energy potential throughout the
country, with a daily average multiyear of around 4.5 kWh /
m2. In the Atlantic and Pacific coastal regions, specifically in
the northeast of the Atlantic coast in Guajira, according to the
results of the assessment of the country's solar resource show
an average daily solar potential between 5.0 and 6.0 kWh /
M2, the largest in the country. The regions of Orinoquia and
Amazonia, which comprise the plains of the Eastern Plains and
zones of the Colombian jungles, present an ascending variation
of the solar radiation in
4
Figure 2 Electric generation in Colombia. March 2013.
Figure 3 Evolution of electricity generation in Colombia from
April 2012 to March 2013
As can be seen, the electricity sector in Colombia is mostly
dominated by hydroelectric generation (almost 70%) and
thermal generation (about 25%). The other technologies
occupy a barely significant place in the sector, such as
cogeneration with barely 0.53% and smaller technologies
where we can group renewable energy and especially wind
energy with 4.98%. We see that the great potential of the
country in renewable energy (mainly wind, solar and biomass)
has hardly been explored.
Undoubtedly renewable energies have not yet had the
necessary support that must have to provide their great
economic, social and environmental benefits for this should be
emphasized in publicizing this type of energy and one of the
best ways is to put the knowledge on The theme in practice is
that by implementing environmentally friendly energy projects
in this way people are getting to know its characteristics and
benefits, one of the great motivators for its development is
mainly due to environmental awareness in politics and New
needs of society.
"The installed capacity of solar energy in Germany is almost
double the total electrical capacity of Colombia." Data like
this, demonstrate how far our country is in relation to the topic
of photovoltaic energy. At present, Colombia has an installed
capacity of 6MW of solar energy, of which more than 50% are
destined to take energy to the most remote rural areas where
conventional terrestrial energy has not arrived. According to
figures from the Institute of Planning and Promotion of Energy
Solutions for Non-Interconnected Areas, as of October 2012,
the non-interconnected areas correspond to 52% of the
national territory, 17 departments, 5 departmental capitals, 39
 5

municipal head offices, 112 municipalities It is these rural sale service, because it is about generating trust between them
areas, because of their conditions, see solar energy as a and the customer around a Technology that is still unknown. "
solution to their energy needs. With the emergence of new He adds that another vital point to make it available to all is
companies producing and importing photovoltaic cells inside that "the banking system leverage credits to those who want to
the country, it can be said that solar energy is seeking to install the system and that second-tier banking entities like
expand its market in Colombia, not only reaching remote rural Findeter and Bancoldex continue to redouble their efforts to
areas, but also seeking to reach homes, companies and support entrepreneurs interested in the technology".
industries how A new alternative of energy supply. It becomes
necessary, then, to make known what is feasible to make a Http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-15901037
solar photovoltaic installation, to describe its components and One of the great possibilities and greater use of photovoltaic
the steps to be taken to calculate them, in order to encourage solar energy is to electrify houses isolated from the
the application of these technologies. (2016) conventional electricity grid. In these situations, this type of
energy is offered as the most optimal alternative to meet the
IV. Advances in Colombia consumption of a normal home in the matter of electricity.
Taking advantage of the free energy of the sun and the wind,
"Colombia in recent years has been venturing into renewable with wind and photovoltaic systems we can manage without
energy. Already in the 1980s, in residential units built in noise and without continuous expenses in gas, oil and other
sectors of Ciudad Salitre and Ciudad Tunal in Bogotá, and non-renewable energy sources.
Villa Valle de Aburra in Medellín, the Las Gaviotas Center
installed a panel system to autonomously heat the water of
thousands of tanks of reservation.
Recently, companies such as Energía del Pacífico (Epsa)
invested more than 1,240 million pesos in the construction of
the country's largest solar energy laboratory, located at the
company's facilities in the municipality of Yumbo, which is
directly connected to Its internal electrical network and
provides up to 5 percent of the demand that supplies the
complex, thanks to a combined technology of monocrystalline
silicon, polycrystalline and amorphous thin layer solar
modules.
According to Óscar Iván Zuluaga Serna, general manager of
Epsa, "this laboratory was created to contribute to the
reduction of the carbon footprint, to develop applied research Solar power industrial installations
for the production of renewable energies and to lead the
national change in this type of initiatives."
Other featured examples
EPM is also generating electricity with solar energy because it "Power Station systems are simple, complete and modular
is linked to a pilot led by the Institute for Planning and solutions to provide independent power in remote locations
Promotion of Energy Solutions for Non-Interconnected Zones where electricity is unavailable, expensive or unreliable. All
(Ipse), which has allowed more than 580 people and six systems are professionally designed to meet standard
schools located in areas Rural areas separated from the requirements such as light, cooling, water pumps and
villages of Caucasia and Cáceres, in the Cauca region of entertainment equipment.
Antioquia and El Reflejo, La Media, La Illusion, La Nueva, La The complete solutions use standardized system components,
Cabaña and Nuevo Horizonte, in San Vicente del Caguán, with characterized by high reliability, minimal maintenance and
an autonomous generation capacity 1.025 Watts (W). long service life. "
In Bogotá, the Ramón Jimeno District College has just been
inaugurated, in which the District invested 480 million pesos
and thanks to the installation of solar panels it operates
autonomously generating around 21.62 KV, leaving to emit
about 22 tons of CO2 and saving 71 percent in the monthly
consumption of the service thanks to its new led illumination.
For Jorge Enrique Varela, legal representative of the firm Itaco
Energy SAS, commissioned among other projects of the
installation of solar cells on a sports court and light poles of
the Universidad Nueva Militar Nueva Granada, in its campus
of the municipality of Cajica, "the matter of the massification
of this type of independent and autonomous modules, goes
through the guarantees that the same importers and
Figure 5. Photovoltaic installation in Bogotá.
manufacturers can give their equipment, as well as the post-

"The Colombian government has approved the decree that
contains tax incentives to promote non-conventional sources of
energy. The measures contained in Decree 2143 The decree
contemplates four fiscal incentives for
Renewable energy projects. First, a deduction of 50% is
introduced in the investment income tax for a period of five
years. Second, accelerated asset depreciation will be applied.
Third, it exempts from the application of Value Added Tax
(VAT) to the assets associated with the project. In addition,
decree 2143 also contemplates the exemption of the tariff.
In a statement from the Ministry of Energy indicates that with
the tax benefits "seeks to increase the profitability of projects,
allowing them to be attractive for investment." On the other
hand, it is also indicated that this initiative is "part of a
package of short, medium and long term measures that the
National Government implements to guarantee the supply of
electric energy to all families in the country, even in difficult
climatology circumstances ".
Http://elperiodicodelaenergia.com/colombia-aprueba-
incentivos-fiscales-para-las-energias-renovables/
No doubt these incentives should encourage the use of
renewable energy in different places and especially in
companies and industries which will allow the use of solar
energy to become more and more known in more places in
such a way that it can achieve the objectives, achievements and
benefits that come with renewable energies.
The good use of these systems will allow Colombia to become
increasingly competitive and efficient in the development and
implementation of environmentally friendly techniques which
will provide more companies and individuals to invest in the
country, encouraging the development of this type of Projects,
and through them can meet the electrical needs that are in
different areas and Colombian territories that for different
reasons does not have the electric power service and with it the
facilities that it provides.
V. Solar energy projects in Colombia
"According to the document of the Technological Intelligence
Unit - CIDET, Normativity on Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic
Energy, whose authors are Carlos Andrés Álvarez Álvarez,
Francisco Javier Serna Álzate), the following projects are
being developed in Colombia that operate with solar energy.
Http://www.alcaldiabogota.gov.co/sisjur/normas/Norma1.jsp?i
=65523
Figure 6. First school with solar panels in Bogotá May 5,
2015.
6
"The school Ramón Jimeno is perhaps the only school in
Bogota with a priority ecological education plan: it not only
works and is supplied with energy from the solar panels it has
on several of its roofs and the parking lot.
It will also be the first district to receive the 'green label' for
energy efficiency, by returning to the grid, on weekends and
holidays, surplus solar energy.
This campus, built in the La Macarena neighborhood in the
center of Bogota, has been operating for 148 months with 148
240-watt photovoltaic panels - imported from Austria - placed
in the administrative area of the school, a footpath and parking
lot.
Since then, the 420 children who are studying in the school,
children of workers of the Company of Aqueduct, Sewer and
Toilet of Bogota (EAB) - owner of the school - charge their
cell phones in the currents that are now solar energy; The 22
classrooms, the computers, the workshops, the stoves and
other devices used for the cleaning work with the energy
obtained from the solar panels.
CELSIA SOLAR Farm Yumbo Valle Del Cauca.
Colombia is preparing its largest solar energy project, which
will be located in Yumbo (Valle del Cauca). This project is
called CELSIA SOLAR, will supply energy to 8,000 homes
and will have 35,000 solar panels on a plot of 18 hectares; It’s
led by the energy company group ARGOS. This farm will save
6,600 tons of CO2 per year.
Figure 7. Farm CELSIA SOLAR Farm Yumbo Valle Del
Cauca.
Figure 8. CELSIA SOLAR Farm Yumbo Valle Del Cauca.

Group Éxito installed the country's largest photovoltaic plant
in one of its warehouses
"The company invested more than $ 2 billion in the
photovoltaic plant, because within its plan of care of the
environment, works in partnership with GreenYellow, in two
fronts: energy efficiency and generation of electricity through
renewable sources. The Éxito Panorama solar park is the first
to install the Éxito Group in one of its outlets. This allows the
Company to reduce its emissions by 230 tons of carbon
annually. "
Figure 9. Roof photovoltaic plant - Barranquilla panorama
success.
These are currently some of the projects being developed in
Colombia for the environment and sustainable development of
the country, and are a great example of how these technologies
really bring diverse and great benefits to society as a whole.
VI. CONCLUSIONS
Undoubtedly, climate change is a problem that affects
everyone and is becoming more and more relevant in today's
society. But the intensity and speed of climate change present
new and unprecedented challenges. Rural areas are severely
affected as they are dependent on climate-sensitive activities
and have little capacity for adaptation. One way to mitigate
this change is by considering the use of renewable sources and
thus reduce the carbon emissions that are discharged into the
atmosphere and causing the greenhouse effect.
It is known that energy saving in Colombia as an alternative
solution is low due to bad habits that society has, and that is
why we must consider the economic and social benefits that
would be obtained from other factors with the implementation
of a new sector such as Renewable energies that would
generate new jobs and new industries, a social benefit
increasing the standard of living of the inhabitants in rural
areas and an environmental benefit reducing climate change
and contributing to sustainable development.
On the other hand, it can be concluded that the participation
of the Government is essential for the success of projects of
this nature, always accompanied by a long-term global vision
and considering the social, economic and environmental
benefits. Renewable energies do not receive the support and
subsidies enjoyed by conventional energies and facilitate the
7
channeling of financial, technological and capacity-building
for these measures will be a challenge that Colombia must
meet in order to achieve sustainable development.
THANKS
Principal thanks to the Horus nursery of the CUN Corporación
de educación superior in Bogota, for giving us the opportunity
to be in the nursery, to learn and open our minds in the new
innovations in the technology part.
We also appreciate the collaboration of Professor Edgar
Krejci, for sharing their knowledge and guiding us in our
learning process.application in other fields such as the
agricultural one, land-use planning and climatological studies.
The graphs generated by the web application contain useful
information to create statistical analysis that will contribute to
prevent and mitigate climatological disasters in Colombia such
as fires in hills and frosts in crops, caused by El Niño
phenomenon.
References:
[1] Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energ%C3%ADa_renovable.
[2] Http://www1.upme.gov.co/sgic/sites/default/files/PORTAFOLIO%20
SOLAR%20TECMAC%20INGENIERIA.pdf
[3] Http://www1.upme.gov.co/sgic/sites/default/files/PORTAFOLIO%20
SOLAR%20TECMAC%20INGENIERIA.pdf
[4] Http://repository.ucatolica.edu.co/bitstream/10983/14053/1/Manual%
20de%20implementaci%C3%B3n%20fotovoltaica.pdf
[5] Http://repository.ucatolica.edu.co/bitstream/10983/14053/1/Manual%
20de%20implementaci%C3%B3n%20fotovoltaica.pdf
[6] Http://www1.upme.gov.co/sgic/sites/default/files/PORTAFOLIO%20
SOLAR%20TECMAC%20INGENIERIA.pdf
[7] Http://www.energreencol.com/energia_solar/index.htm
[8] Http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-15688576
[9] Https://www.grupoexito.com.co/es/sostenibilidad/noticias/1311-el-
grupo-exito-instalo-la-planta-photovoltaica-mas-grande-del-pais-en-
uno-de-sus-Warehouses
[10] https://www.solarenergy.org/libro/energ%C3%ADa_solar
[11] Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering