LIQUID VISCOSITY

5.1. Trial Objectives

1. Students are able to explain the friction experienced by moving objects in the fluid.
2. Students are able to explain the behavior of thick fluid.
3. Students are able to determine the viscosity coefficient of thick fluid.
4. Students are able to apply and interpret the data obtained into the graph.

5.2. Tools and materials used

1. Long tube (1000ml measuring cup)

2. Thick Fluid (Oil, Glycerin)
3. Small balls
4. Screw micrometer
5. Stop Watch
6. Filter Spoon
7. Aerometers

5.3. Basic theory

Every object that moves in fluid will get friction force (viscous force) and archimedes
force caused by fluid viscosity. The friction force is proportional to the relative velocity of
objects in the fluid.

Especially for spherical objects and moving in a homogeneous fluid will experience a
force according to Stokes's Law as follows:

F  6Rv (5.1)

With:  = Coefficient of thickness

R = Track the ball

v = Speed of relative motion of the ball in a fluid

Use of the Stokes Law above must meet the following requirements:
 a. Infinite space (fluid is large compared to the object)

b. No turbulence occurs in the fluid (the speed of the ball must not be too large).

If the ball has a density released without the initial velocity above the surface of the thick
fluid, the ball moves down at a constant speed. This constant speed is achieved because of the
equilibrium force between the Archimedes force, the Stokes style which is directed upwards with
the gravity downward. The number of forces acting on the ball is zero, through the following
equation:

Fa  Fs  W  0 (5.2)

with 𝐹𝑎 = Archimedes style

𝐹𝑠 = Stokes style

W = gravity

After the above equation is solved, the mathematical relationship between viscosity and
other physical quantities is obtained as follows,

2R 2 g
 (  0 ) (5.3)
9v

with  0 = fluid density

 = density of the ball

from the above equation other equations can be derived as follows:

9d
tR 2  (5.4)
2g(   0 )

with R = ball radius and t = ball travel time for distance d

 ball
d
Thick

Fluid

Figure 5.1 Experiment series

5.4. Trial Procedure

1. Measure the diameter of the ball using a screw micrometer

2. Weigh the mass of the ball with the balance sheet
3. Measure the density of the fluid with an aerometer or in the normal way (mass to volume
ratio).
4. Mark (give bracelet) on the tube to start calculating the speed of the ball ( 3 cm below
the fluid surface and from the bottom of the tube). Measure the distance between the two
signs.
5. Measure the time it takes for the ball to start from the first sign to the second sign
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 for some distance variations
7. Repeat steps 4, 5 and 6 for other fluids and balls.

5.5. Question

1. Lower the formulas (5.3) and (5.4).

2. Calculate the Fluid Viscosity Coefficient  from the tR2 graph versus d
3. Calculate the Fluid Viscosity Coefficient  according to equation (5.3) along with its
uncertainty and accuracy.
4. Compare results no. 2 and no. 3.

5.6. Observation Table

Trial Date: Group:

Name: NIM:

No. d (m) t (seconds) v (meter / Information

second)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Rbola = ……….. m mbola = …………… kg Vbola = ……………. m3

mfluida = ………. kg Vfluida = …………… m3

bola = ………….. kg/m3 fluida = …………… kg/m3

Mengetahui,

Dosen PJ Matakuliah Asisten Lab.

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