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Rockwell EN ISO 6508 Brinell EN ISO 6506 Vickers EN ISO 6507 Knoop EN ISO 4545
TEST FORCE
Brinell hardness HB Vickers hardness HV Knoop hardness HK
TEST FORCE Test force F
Test force F Test force F
PRE-FORCE HB = Constant HV = Constant HK = Constant
Surface of indentation Surface of indentation Surface of indentation
PRE-FORCE PRE-FORCE
2F F F
HB = 0,102 F F = 1,451
HV = 0,102 = 0,189 1 HK = 0,102
πD (D - √ D2 - d2 ) d2 A d2
A
Method Base Edge distance and distance of test points to Edge distance and distance of test points to Edge distance and distance of test points to
each other each other each other
HRA, HRC, HRD = 100 Units
(1 E = 0,002 mm)
HRB, HRE, HRF, = 130 Units
HRG, HRH, HRK (1 E = 0,002 mm)
HRN, HRT = 100 Units
(1 E = 0,001 mm)
Edge distance and distance of test points to
Procedure Edge dist. k Point dist. a each other
A, B, C, F 3 mm 3 mm
N 1 mm 1 mm
KNOOP method advantages
T 2 mm 2 mm - min. thickness of min. hardness layer of
sample has to be only 1/3 of d
Material Procedure Indenter Test force Force factor Hardness range
- Ideal for hard thin layers, narrow samples
Short symbol Indenter Pre-force F Additional Total test Application range Carbide ball HBW Range Short symbol Indenter Test force Remarks Range
and brittle material as ceramic and sintered
test force F force F metal (no cracking material)
Cast steel HBW 1/30 1 mm 30 kp 30 95 - 653 Micro hardness range HV 0,01 Diamond 0,01 kp Structural constituents 10-3000 HV
HRA Diamond cone 98,07 N 490,3 N 588,6 N 39 - 86 HRA Cast iron HBW 2,5/187,5 2,5 mm 187,5 kp Micro hardness range HV 0,02 pyramid 136° 0,02 kp very thin layer - practically no damage of test area
HRB Ball 1,587 5 mm 98,07 N 882,6 N 980,7 N 2 -105 HRB HBW 5/750 5 mm 750 kp Micro hardness range HV 0,05 0,05 kp thin components
HRC Diamond cone 98,07 N 1,373 kN 1,471 kN 20 - 68 HRC HBW 10/3000 10 mm 3000 kp
Micro hardness range HV 0,1 Diamond 0,1 kp Small components 10-3000 HV
HRD Diamond cone 98,07 N 882,6 N 980,7 N 40 - 77 HRD Non ferrous metal HBW 1/10 1 mm 10 kp 10 32 - 218 Low force hardness r. HV 0,2 pyramid 136° 0,2 kp thin sheets
HRE Ball 3,175 mm 98,07 N 882,6 N 980,7 N 46 - 100 HRE Copper / Aluminium HBW 2,5/62,5 2,5 mm 62,5 kp Low force hardness r. HV 0,3 0,3 kp Row measurement
HRF Ball 1,587 5 mm 98,07 N 190,3 N 588,6 N 28 - 115 HRF Copper alloy HBW 5/250 5 mm 250 kp Short symbol Indenter Test force Remarks
Low force hardness r. HV 0,5 Diamond 0,5 kp Small components 10-3000 HV
Aluminium alloy HBW 10/1000 10 mm 1000 kp
HRG Ball 1,587 5 mm 98,07 N 1,373 kN 1,471 kN 30 - 94 HRG Low force hardness r. HV 1 pyramid 136° 1 kp thin sheets HK 0,01 Diamond pyramid 0,01 kp very thin layers
HRH Ball 3,175 mm 98,07 N 490,3 N 588,6 N 3 - 108 HRH Low force hardness r. HV 2 2 kp bedded samples HK 0,025 172,5° / 130° 0,025 kp
Light alloy HBW 1/5 1 mm 5 kp 5 16 - 110
HRK Ball 3,175 mm 98,07 N 1,373 kN 1,471 kN 40 - 100 HRK HK 0,05 0,05 kp
Copper / Aluminium HBW 2,5/31,25 2,5 mm 31,25 kp Low force hardness r. HV 3 Diamond 3 kp conventional 10-3000 HV
HR15N Diamond cone 29,42 N 117,7 N 147,1 N 61 - 94 HR15N Copper alloy HBW 5/125 5 mm 125 kp Conventional range HV 5 pyramid 136° 5 kp components HK 0,1 Diamond pyramid 0,1 kp very thin layers
HR30N Diamond cone 29,42 N 264,8 N 294,2 N 26 - 85 HR30N Aluminium alloy HBW 10/500 10 mm 500 kp Conventional range HV 10 10 kp HK 0,2 172,5° / 130° 0,2 kp bedded samples
HR45N Diamond cone 29,42 N 411,9 N 441,3 N 0 - 76 HR45N HK 0,3 0,3 kp row measurements
Light alloy HBW 1/2,5 1 mm 2,5 kp 2,5 8 - 35 Conventional range HV 20 Diamond 20 kp conventional 10-3000 HV
HR15T Ball 1,587 5 mm 29,42 N 117,7 N 147,1 N 38 - 95 HR15T lower 35 HB HBW 2,5/15,63 2,5 mm 15,63 kp Conventional range HV 30 pyramid 136° 30 kp components HK 0,5 Diamond pyramid 0,5 kp very thin layers
HR30T Ball 1,587 5 mm 29,42 N 264,8 N 294,2 N 1 - 86 HR30T HBW 5/62,5 5 mm 62,5 kp Conventional range HV 50 50 kp HK 1 172,5° / 130° 1 kp
HR45T Ball 1,587 5 mm 29,42 N 441,9 N 441,3 N 2 - 77 HR45T HBW 10/250 10 mm 250 kp Conventional range HV 100 100 kp HK 2 2 kp
Rockwell conversion chart acc. To DIN EN ISO 18265 (chart A1) for not- and low alloyed steel and cast steel Brinell evaluation chart Vickers evaluation chart Knoop evalua.
*HR 2,5/31,25
*HR 2,5/187,5
*HR 2,5/62,5
**HR 30T
**HR 15T
**HR45T
HBW 30
HBW 10
HBW 30
HBW 10
HBW 30
HR 45N
HR 15N
HR30N
HBW 5
HBW 5
Tenacity
HRC
HRB
HRA
HRF
HK
HV
3000 750 187,5 1000 250 62,5 500 125 31,5 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,5 1 3 5 10 30 0,1 0,5
10 10 10 10 10 3 3 3 3 3 3
(kg/mm2)
N/mm2
ROCKWELL: tolerable repeatability precision and limiting deviation ROCKWELL: min. thickness of samples BRINELL: tolerable repeatability precision and VICKERS: VICKERS: max. tolerable deviation of VICKERS: min. layer thickness of samples in
of testing machine limiting deviation of testing machine tolerable repeatability precision of testing machine hardness testing machine in percent connection to test force and hardness (HV)
HRC
Rockwell Hardness range of Limiting deviation in Tolerable repeat- mm HRA Hardness of test Tolerable repeatabi- Limiting deviation in Hardness of test HV 5 - HV 100 HV 0,2 - HV 5 < HV 0,2 Hardness 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1500 Min. component thickness / min. layer thickness
scale test block Rockwell units (HR) ability precision 1,6 block HBW lity precision Rockwell units (H) block Benchmark in (µm) shall be max. 1.5 x d
20 - ≤ 75 HRA ± 2 HRA HV 0,05 8 10
1,4 ≤ 125 0,03 x d 3% ≤ 225 HV 0,03 x d 0,06 x d 0,06 x d HV
HRA 0,8 HRA HV 0,1 7 8 9 10
> 75 - ≤ 88 HRA ± 1,5 HRA
125 < HBW ≤ 225 0,025 x d 2,5 % > 225 HV 0,02 x d 0,04 x d 0,05 x d HV 0,2 6 5 8 9 10 11 11 12 12 2000
HV
HV
1,2
20 - ≤ 45 HRB ± 4 HRB
5
0,2
HR
A > 225 0,02 x d 2% HV 0,3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 10 11 11
HRB > 45 - ≤ 80 HRB ± 3 HRB 1,2 HRB 1,0 HV 0,2 - < HV 5 HV 5 - < HV 100 1000
HV 0,5 4 4 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 11
HV
HV
> 80 - ≤ 100 HRB ± 2 HRB On each test block five indentations have to be generated:
10
HV 1 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 8
0,3
0,6 C 2 5 HV 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 6
60 - ≤ 90 HRF ± 3 HRF
20
0,5
HR
HRF 1,2 HRF N 100 12 100 6 HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5
> 90 - ≤ 100 HRF ± 2 HRF Limiting deviation of testing machine HV 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 250
0,4 200 24 200 12
HV
HV
30
0,2 H1 + H2 + H3 + H4 + H5 HV 10 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
HR 30N 42 - 80 HR 30N ± 2 HRN 1,2 HRN H= (HBW)
5
HV
350 28 350 11 HV 20 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
HV
600 48 600 24
dm1 + dm2 + dm3 + dm4 + dm5
HV
12 - 72 HR 45T 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
HV
100
15 N
43 - 82 HR 30T ± 3 HRT 2,4 HRT
3
HR 30T HV 100 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
30 N
HR 15 T 73 - 93 HR 15T 45 N
0,01 0,025 0,05 0,1 0,25 0,5 1 2,5 mm
15 T
30 T Tolerable roughness hight (Rmax) of test surface
45 T Tolerable roughness (Rmax) of test surface
Target in (µm) shall be max. 0.005 x d
Benchmark in (µm) max. 0.005 x d
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