Nonfinite Verb

Infinitive / Gerund / Participle

Mishra English Study Centre
BY – M. K. Mishra

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 Nonfinite Verb
 Infinitive
 An Infinitive is a Verb form that works as a Noun or Pronoun in Sentence.
Ex.:- To teach is an art.
 According to uses Infinitive is divided into two forms.
(i) Full Infinitive - [To + v1]
(ii) Bare Infinitive - [v1]

 Rules & Uses

1) A full Infinitive can be used as the Subject of a Sentence.
Ex.:- To teach is an art.
Subject
2) A full Infinitive can be used as the Object of a Sentence also.
Ex.:- I want to teach.
Object
3) A Bare Infinitive can’t be used as the Subject of a Sentence.
4) A Bare Infinitive comes as the Object of a Sentence.
Ex.:- (a) He made me laugh. (b) He made me a doctor.
Object Object
5) An Infinitive can’t be changed into Plural Form.
Ex.:- To teaches is an art. – ()
To teach is an art. – ()
6) An Infinitive can’t get Article before itself.
Ex.:- The to walk is an exercise. – ()
To walk is an exercise. – ()
7) An Infinitive can’t be used just after a Possessive form.
Ex.:- My to run is fast. – ()
 My running is fast. – ()
 To run is fast. – ()
8) An Infinitive can’t be used just after a Preposition.
Ex.:- I have a pen for to write. – ()
I have a pen for writing. – ()
9) Noun + full Infinitive, comes to show the use of Noun.
Ex.:- I have a pen to write with.
10) An Ordinal Adjective of Number can get full Infinitive after itself.
Ex.:- I am the third to come here.
11) A Superlative form can get full Infinitive after itself.
Ex.:- You are the best to do this work.
12) An Indefinite Pronoun can get full Infinitive after itself.
Ex.:- (a) There was nobody to help me.
(b) I have nothing to eat.
13) Can / Could / May / Might / Shall / Should / Will / Would / Must + Bare Infinitive.
Ex.:- I can to do this work. – ()
I can do this work. – ()

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 Nonfinite Verb
14) Used / Ought + full Infinitive.
Ex.:- I used play cricket. – ()
I used to play cricket. – ()
15) य द Need तथा Their वा य म Auxiliary Verb का काय करे, तो इनके बाद Bair Infinitive
आता है , जब क य द ये Main Verb का काय करे, तो इनके बाद full Infinitive आता ह।
Ex.:- (a) I need not to buy a car. – ()  I need not buy a car. – ()
(b) I need buy a car. – ()  I need to buy a car. – ()
16) Be form + able / about / likely + full Infinitive.
Ex.:- I am able to speak English. – ()
 I was able to speak English. – ()
 I shall become able to speak English. – ()
 I shall be able to speak English. – ()
17) Is / was + nothing + but + full Infinitive.
Ex.:- There is nothing but dance on the stage. – ()
There is nothing but to dance on the stage. – ()
18) Do / Does + nothing + but + Bare Infinitive.
Ex.:- He does nothing but to play cricket. – ()
He does nothing but play cricket. – ()
19) Too + Adjective + full Infinitive comes to show one’s inability.
Ex.:- He is too weak to walk.
20) Adjective + enough + full Infinitive, comes to show one’s ability.
Ex.:- Ram is smart enough to do this work.
21) Wh – word + full Infinitive comes to know the process for an action.
Ex.:- He asked me were to go.
Note – यान रहे क Why के बाद Bare Infinitive आता ह।
22) Go / Keep तथा Carry य द अपने मू ल अथ म रहे, तो इनके बाद full Infinitive आता ह।
Ex.:- He keeps a gun to fire.
23) य द Want तथा Needs a कसी मानव को कसी काय क आव यकता पड़े, तो इनके बाद
full Infinitive आता ह।
Ex.:- I need to buy a car.
24) Allow / Order / Advise / Prohibit / Forbid … etc + Objective Case + full Infinitive.
Ex.:- He allowed me to go there.
25) Stopped से य द कसी मानव का कोई काय के, तो इसके बाद full Infinitive आता ह।
Ex.:- He stopped me to go there.
26) Sorry + full Infinitive का योग गलती करने से पहले मा माँगने हे तु ः होता ह।
Ex.:- I am sorry to disturbed you tomorrow.
27) Remember / Forget + full Infinitive, comes to indicate a Future event.
Ex.:- Don’t forget to bring my Notebook.
28) Full Infinite comes to show the target of an action.
Ex.:- I am going to play cricket.

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 Nonfinite Verb
29) Not comes to qualify an Infinitive in Negative sense, no is not used for it.
Ex.:- He advised me no to go there. – ()
He advised me not to go there. – ()
30) Better / had better / had sooner + Bare Infinitive.
Ex.:- You had better to die. – ()
You had better die. – ()
31) And / or / like / as + Bare Infinitive.
Ex.:- You have to go and to dance there. – ()
You have to go and dance there. – ()
32) A Verb of Perception gets Bare Infinitive after itself.
Ex.:- I saw him to dance on the stage. – ()
I saw him dance on the stage. – ()
33) Please / Kindly / Don’t / Never + Bare Infinitive.
Ex.:- Please to help me in trouble. – ()
Please help me in trouble. – ()
34) Adjective + Preposition + Object + full Infinitive.
Ex.:- It is dangerous for you to go there.
35) कु छ Verbs के साथ double Object आते ह, िजनमे एक Noun अथवा Pronoun तथा दू सरा
Infinitive होता ह।
(a) Allow, Order, Advise, Suggest, Prohibit, Forbid …etc.
Note – उपरो त Verbs के साथ दो Object रहने पर पहला Noun अथवा Pronoun तथा दू सरा full
Infinitive होता ह।
Ex.:- He ordered me to go there.
(b) Seem, Loom, Appear, Happen, Tend …etc.
Note – उपरो त Verbs के साथ दो Object रहने पर पहला Object, full Infinitive तथा दू सरा
Noun या Pronoun होता ह।
Ex.:- He appears to be Ram.
(c) See, Hear, Notice, Watch, Late, Make, Help …etc.
Note – उपरो त Verbs के साथ double Objects रहने पर पहला Noun अथवा Pronoun तथा दू सरा
Bare Infinitive रहता ह।
Ex.:- He made me laugh.
36) Know, Explain, Discover, Disclose, Reveal …etc. + Wh. – Words + full Infinitive.
Ex.:- I know to solve the Question. – ()
I know how to solve the Question. – ()
37) Begin / Bother ( चं ता करना) …etc. + full Infinitive.  [मानव के Action के लए]
Ex.:- He began to dance on the stage.
38) कसी पसंद अथवा नापसंद दशाने वाले Verb म full Infinitive आता ह।
Ex.:- I would like to dance on the stage.

Infinitive is the End.

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 Nonfinite Verb
 Gerund
 A Gerund is a Verb form that works as a Noun or Pronoun in Sentence.

 Rules & Uses

1) A Gerund gets Structure of ‘v1 + ing.

Ex.:- Teaching is an art.
2) A Gerund can be used as the Subject or Object of a Sentence.
Ex.:- Teaching is an art.  I like your teaching.
Subject Object
3) A Gerund can be changed into Plural form.
Ex.:- The Paintings of Salman Khan are very costly.
4) A Gerund can get Article before itself.
Ex.:- The writing of Mohan is very clear.
5) A Gerund can be used just after a Possessive form.
Ex.:- Your running is fast.
6) A Gerund can be used just after a Preposition.
Ex.:- I have a pen for to write. – ()
I have a pen for writing. – ()
7) By + Gerund, comes to show the process for an Action.
Ex.:- He earns money by working hard.
8) Without + Gerund, comes to ignore a process for an Action.
Ex.:- He earns money without working hard.
9) On + Gerund  जब कोई या कसी अ य या के त या व प होती हो, तो उस
त या सू चक या के लए “On + Gerund” आता ह।
Ex.:- (a) On asking he didn’t say anything.
(b) On beating he began to cry.
10) य द Want अथवा Need से कसी व तु को कसी Action क आव यकता पड़ जाए तो
Want अथवा Need के तु रंत बाद Gerund आता ह।
Ex.:- The fan wants repairing.
11) Stop + Gerund, comes if the movement of a Nonliving thing stops.
Ex.:- The fan stopped moving.
12) Go / Keep / Carry + On + Gerund  कोई काय जार रखना
Ex.:- He kept on laugh. – ()
He kept on laughing. – ()
13) Not, comes to qualify a Gerund in Negative sense, No is not used for it.
Ex.:- He has advised me for no going there. – ()
He has advised me for not going there. – ()
14) Allow / Ordered / Advise / Suggest / Prohibit / Forbid …etc. + Possessive Case + Gerund.
Ex.:- He allowed my going there. – ()
He allowed me to go. – ()

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 Nonfinite Verb
15) Verb + Object + Preposition + Gerund.
Ex.:- He keeps a pen for writing.
16) Seem / Loom / Appear / Tend / Happen + to be + Gerund.
Ex.:- He seems to be dancing on the stage.
17) Adjective + Preposition + Gerund.
Ex.:- This pen is good for writing.
18) Remember / Forget + Gerund का योग बीती हु ई बात के लए कया जाता ह।
Ex.:- I forget bringing your notebook. – ()
19) Sorry + for + Gerund  गलती करने के बाद क माफ
Ex.:- I am sorry for disturbing you.
20) When / while / before / after / since / along / due to / owing to / because of …etc + Gerund.
Ex.:- He seems a song while to dance. – ()
 He seems a song while dancing. – ()
21) Subject + Auxiliary Verb + v3 + to + Gerund.  खराब आदत
Ex.:- He is addicted to smoking.

Gerund is the End.

 Participle
 Participle is a Verb form that works as Adjective in Sentence.
Ex.:- (a) A broken Chair. (b) The burning Train.
 According to uses Participle can be divided into two parts.
1. Present Participle
2. Past Participle
 Present Participle – If ‘v1 + ing’ works as Adj. in Sentence is called Present Participle.
Ex.:- (a) A running Boy. (b) The burning Train.
Note – It shows what condition is running with its Noun.
 Past Participle – If v3 works as Adjective in Sentence is called Past Participle.
Ex.:- (a) A broken Chair. (b) A tired Man.
Note – It shows what condition has happened with its Noun.
 Rules & Uses
1) Generally a Participle comes before a Noun.
Note – यान रहे क Participle + Noun के पहले Article का आना आव यक हो जाता ह।
Ex.:- (a) The burning Train. (b) A tired Man.
2) Very, comes before a Present Participle to stress its Quality.
Ex.:- This is a very Interesting Topic.
3) Much comes before a Past Participle to stress its Quality.
Ex.:- It was a much Interested Topic.
4) If Present and Past both kinds of Participle come together Past Participle is written first and
Present Participle is later.
Ex.:- I have drinking polluted water. – ()
I have polluted drinking water. – ()
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 Nonfinite Verb
5) If other kinds of Adjectives come with Participle are used before the Participle.
Ex.:- I have a broken red chair. – ()
I have a red broken chair. – ()
6) If an Adverb comes with Participle is used before the Participle.
Ex.:- He is highly qualified Person.
7) A Participle can be used as the complement of a Sentence.
Note – यान रहे क इस अव था म Participle के साथ Noun तथा Article क बा यता समा त
हो जाती ह।
Ex.:- (a) He is tired. (b) The pen is broken.
8) Being …. + S + Verb  Being …. is used to Introduce a Person or thing with Quality.
Ex.:- Being a student he is a very laborious. [छा होने के नाते वह बहु त ह मेहनती है ।]
9) Noun / Pronoun + Being …. + Verb.
Ex.:- He being a student is very laborious. [छा होने के नाते वह बहु त ह मेहनती है।]
10) य द एक Subject के वारा दो याएँ स प न होती हो, और दोन एक साथ चलती हो,
तो पहल या को Present Participle तथा दू सर या को Tense Pattern के तहत दशाया
जाता ह।
Ex.:- Taking / Holding book he is going to School. [ कताब लेकर वह कू ल जा रहा है ।]
11) य द एक Subject के वारा दो याएँ स प न होती हो, और एक के समापन के बाद
दू सरा शु होता हो, तो पहल या को Having + Past Participle तथा दू सर या को
Tense Pattern से दशाते ह।
Ex.:- Having thrown the books he went to play. [ कताब फक कर वह खेलने चला गया।]

Nonfinite Verb Chapter is the End.

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