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“The Impact Of
EducatingSex
Education to Senior
HighschoolStudents
in CDSP
A.Y. 2018 - 2019
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
These days, teens put their lives at risk when they are not educated enough about sex
especially now a days teenagers are more impulsive and doubtful that makes them
vulnerable and there’s a lot of possibilities if they come up against unwanted sex, teenage
pregnancy, miscarriage, and increase the cases of STD’s.

Sexual activities appears in some television shows, movies, and websites which teenagers
are secretly watching. As adults prevent them from discussing about this practices the more
that they let the teenagers to build their consciousness which only lead them to
misinterpretation and confusion.

Sex education help every youth to understand the inappropriate and unethical part of
compulsive behavior of a teenagers.Also,gives knowledge about pregnancy preventive
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method to prevent the massive increase in number of premarital sex and abortions that is
performed in unregistered medical clinics and the fact that about 10 million abortion-
inducing are sold every year.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

EARLY PREGNANCY

They say numbers don’t lie. According to the most recent National Demographic and
Health Survey (NDHS 2017) from the Department of Health (DOH), the incidence of
teenage or adolescent pregnancies remains at a considerable rate. Overall, some nine
percent of women from the age of 15 to 19 have already started childbearing.

Compared to the past NDHS, which was conducted way back in 2013, this figure is
actually lower, albeit only by one percent. In fact, on global scale, teenage birth rates
have gone down from 6.5 percent in 1990, to 4.7 percent in 2015.

It’s a glimmer of hope that the government or private institutions and non-
government agencies — or a combination of these — are doing something to keep the
numbers down. But the one percent difference from 2013 to 2017 could also be just a
negligible fluke in statistics, one that comes expected in any survey.

But compared to the overall adolescent pregnancy rates in Southeast Asia, the
average rate in the Philippines is almost twice as high. According to the World Health
Organization (WHO), some 4.5 percent of teenage girls in Southeast Asia have
already given birth. In the Philippines, seven percent of teenage girls have already
given birth at least once. This higher incidence rate may be indicative of a growing
adolescent pregnancy problem in the country.

Regardless of the reason, this one percent difference isn’t really that much of a hope
when one considers the other data. For instance, there remains a clear connection
between teenage pregnancy and education. The former is also considered by many
experts to be a symptom of poverty. Of the teenage girls pregnant in 2017, 26.2
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percent finished primary education, while only four percent had gone to college.
Furthermore, there are more cases of teenage girls getting pregnant in rural areas than
in urban centers.

These numbers echo the findings of the WHO: “Adolescent pregnancies are a global
problem that occurs in high, middle, and low income countries. Around the world,
adolescent pregnancies are more likely to occur in marginalized communities,
commonly driven by poverty and lack of education and employment opportunities,”
the report reads.

Interestingly enough, the province of Davao has the highest percentage of teenage
births at 15.9 percent, followed by the SOCCSKSARGEN region with 11.8 percent.

At any rate, there is one thing that’s undeniably obvious here: that there are still
young Filipino women who are getting pregnant at such a young age. This translates
to women who are forced to either stop their education and raise a child, or in what’s
arguably a worse case, find illegitimate means to terminate their pregnancies.

For Sen. RisaHontiveros, teenage pregnancy is an issue that needs to be solved fast.
Recognizing the problem early on, the National Youth Commission (NYC) had
previously conducted a National Summit on Teen Pregnancy back in 2014. More
recently, however, these youth gatherings that tackle the issue of adolescent
pregnancy seem to have been limited to the regional level, with respective regional
NYC offices working with the DOH. There is still a lot that needs to be done to
address the issue.

“Because of this,” the senator continued, “I filed a bill in the Senate that aims to solve
the problem of teenage pregnancy. Senate Bill no. 1482, more commonly known as
“An Act Providing for a National Policy on Preventing Teenage Pregnancies,
Institutionalizing Social Protection for Teenage Parents, and Providing Funds
Therefor” seeks to decrease teenage pregnancy incidence. This bill will allow for the
development of a comprehensive education for our youth. It should be age and
development appropriate, and should be made mandatory in all schools. This
education should be medically accurate and should not promote discrimination.”

On the contrary, the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) does not
take teenage pregnancies lightly. Its approach on the issue has always been more
focused on character development.

“Common sense and rational thought demand that we address the issue of teenage
pregnancy and HIV-AIDS rise with proper values education,” said Fr. Jerome
Secillano, executive secretary of the CBCP’s Permanent Committee on Public
Affairs.
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If there is one thing that both sides agree on, it’s the value they put on the youth.

Lack of educating sex education can really cause pregnancy that’s why it is really
necessary to be aware about this thing.

PREMARITAL SEX
OVER a third of Filipinos aged 15 to 24 have engaged in premarital sex (PMS), and a
majority of them do not use any form of protection, according to data collated by the
Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA).

Data showed that 35.5 percent of young male Filipinos and 28.7 percent of young
females have engaged in PMS.

Some 83.8 percent of young women and 73.4 percent of young men did not use any
form of protection during their first PMS.

This may be the reason 11 percent of the surveyed Filipino females 15 to 19 years old
are already either mothers or 13.6 percent have begun childbearing.

Further, some 2.6 percent were pregnant with their first child at the time of the data
collection.

Meanwhile, PSA data showed that apart from PMS and childbearing, young Filipinos
have also been exposed to pornographic materials, such as movies and videos, which
they access through mobile devices or the Internet.

Around 43.1 percent of young males have read pornographic materials. Only 28.4
percent of young women have accessed pornographic materials.

The majority, or 75.8 percent, of young men watched pornographic movies and/or
videos while, among women, it is much lower at 38.1 percent.

Nearly a third of young men, or 26.4 percent, visit sexually explicit web sites, while
only 5.1 percent of young women visit these web sites.

Watching sex videos is also common among young Filipinos, particularly among
males.

Over a third, or 34.5 percent, of young men said they have sent or received sex videos
through their cell phones or the Internet.
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This practice is less common among young women, since only 10.6 percent of them
engaged in this activity.

This is despite data showing that the majority of 15 to 24 year olds own a cell phone
and more than half of them use the Internet.

Around 81 percent of young women and 76 percent of their male counterparts have
mobile phones.

In terms of Internet use, around 61 percent of young women use the Internet, while
among young men, the percentage is lower at 57 percent.

More than half of young women have e-mail accounts and social-networking
accounts at 55 percent and 56 percent, respectively.

The percentage is much lower among men, with only 49 percent having an e-mail
account and 50 percent having a social-networking account.

Further, only 2 percent of young women and men have personal blogs.

The youth have many online friends, but admitted they have not met some of them
personally.

The percentage of young men who said they have online friends that they have not
met face-to-face is higher at 32.7 percent than women at 28.8 percent.

The same pattern is observed in having textmates that they have not met personally.

Young men are more prone to this behavior, with 41.2 percent of them having
textmates that they have not met. This incidence is lower among women at 27.4
percent.

The PSA obtained the data from the 2013 Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality
(YAFS) Study.

It is a series of national surveys on the Filipino youth, conducted since 1982 by the
University of the Philippines Population Institute and the Demographic Research and
Development Foundation.
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It gathers data from Filipino youth aged 15 to 24. It is one of the sources of
information on sexual and nonsexual risk behaviors and their determinants in the
country.

As long as we prevent ateen in discussing about sex education the more that they
build up their consciousness that can ruin their protection and lead them to risk .

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES

A study conducted by a research group revealed that impoverished women workers

are vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases (STD) than those from the affluent
households.

The report was revealed by Quezon City-based state think tank Philippine
Institute for Development Studies (PIDS) which based its study from the 2008
Philippine National Demographic and Health Survey

The study was administered by then National Statistics Office, PIDS Research Fellow
Michael Abrigo who said about 41 percent of poor females aged 15 to 24 years are at risk
of getting infected with STDs, compared to only 22 percent of females from well-off
families.

Abrigo attributed this to the low level of awareness about STDs among poor female young
adults in the country.

Recent records of the Department of Health (DOH) show that there are 9,217 listed cases
of HIV/AIDS from January to October last year while the total reported cases from
January 2010 to May 2017 are 40,388.

Contrary to claims that mandatory comprehensive sex education in school is likely to lead
to earlier sexual initiation and higher rate of sexual activity among young adults, Abrigo’s
study showed that implementing sex education programs in schools results to better sexual
behaviors.

Abrigo believes it delays sexual initiation, limits sexual activity, and increases the use of
condoms among some groups in the population.

Also, the study found that increasing knowledge on HIV/AIDS may rake in substantial
savings for the government in the long run.

“Focusing on the poor population by increasing HIV/AIDS knowledge could lead to a

decrease in at-risk population by 1.1 percentage points or about 2 to 3 percent. This can
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translate to an annual total cost savings of about US$0.5 million (P25.35 million) to US$
5.8 million (P294.13 million),” Abrigo said.

To prevent and minimize the spread of the disease, Abrigo urged the government to make
sexuality and reproductive health information more accessible in the Philippines,
especially to the young adult population through social and mainstream media.

He also proposed the administration’s support to family planning programs under the
country’s Reproductive Health Law.

Earlier last year, the Supreme Court lifted the two-year-old temporary restraining order
that covered several contraceptive products, following the findings of Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) declaring these drugs as non-abortifacient.

“The reclassifying of these contraceptives as non-abortive products by the FDA and lifting
of the TRO by the Supreme Court are welcome developments in the full implementation
of the RH law,” said Abrigo.

Sex education is not letting an individual to sexual liberation but leading them to
protection

Source :
https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/05/13/the-pregnant-teen-a-growing-problem/
https://businessmirror.com.ph/2016/04/04/a-third-of-pinoy-youth-had-premarital-sex/
https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/01/26/poor-young-females-more-vulnerable-to-std-than-
well-off-counterparts-study/

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to evaluate how sex education affects the Senior Highschool
students in CDSP.

Specifically it sought answer the following questions :

1. Why dosex education is really crucial to be implemented ?

2. Why is it necessary to every adolescence?
3. In what way can sex education can help every youth to be protected and
educated?
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4.Can sex education can prevent teenage pregnancy?

5.Can sex education can prevent Sexually transmitted disease such as Gonorrhea,
Chlamydia, HIV/Aids etc. ?
6.Can sex education prevent massive increase in the number of abortion?
7.What is the benefits of sex education?
8.Do we really need to know about usesof things from sex education such as
contraceptives, pills and condoms?
9.Why do premarital sex is one of the major reason on implementing sex
education?
10.What are the things that can sex education contribute?

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Discuss :

Sexually active teenagers are a matter of serious concern. In the past decades many
school-based programs have been designed for the sole purpose of delaying the
initiation of sexual activity. There seems to be a growing consensus that schools can
play an important role in providing youth with a knowledge base which may allow
them to make informed decisions and help them shape a healthy lifestyle (St Leger,
1999). The school is the only institution in regular contact with a sizable proportion
of the teenage population (Zabin and Hirsch, 1988), with virtually all youth attending
it before they initiate sexual risk-taking behavior (Kirby and Coyle, 1997).

Programs that promote abstinence have become particularly popular with school
systems in the US (Gilbert and Sawyer, 1994) and even with the federal government
(Sexual abstinence program has a $250 million price tag, 1997). These are referred to
in the literature as abstinence-only or value-based programs (Repucci and Herman,
1991). Other programs—designated in the literature as safer-sex, comprehensive,
secular or abstinence-plus programs—additionally espouse the goal of increasing
usage of effective contraception. Although abstinence-only and safer-sex programs
differ in their underlying values and assumptions regarding the aims of sex education,
both types of programs strive to foster decision-making and problem-solving skills in
the belief that through adequate instruction adolescents will be better equipped to act
responsibly in the heat of the moment (Repucci and Herman, 1991). Nowadays most
safer-sex programs encourage abstinence as a healthy lifestyle and many abstinence
only programs have evolved into `abstinence-oriented' curricula that also include
some information on contraception. For most programs currently implemented in the
US, a delay in the initiation of sexual activity constitutes a positive and desirable
outcome, since the likelihood of responsible sexual behavior increases with age
(Howard and Mitchell, 1993).
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Even though abstinence is a valued outcome of school-based sex education programs,

the effectiveness of such interventions in promoting abstinent behavior is still far
from settled.

In the first review (Frost and Forrest, 1995), the authors selected only five rigorously
evaluated sex education programs and estimated their impact on delaying sexual
initiation. They used non-standardized measures of effect sizes, calculated descriptive
statistics to represent the overall effect of these programs and concluded that those
selected programs delayed the initiation of sexual activity. In the second review,
Franklin et al. conducted a meta-analysis of the published research of community-
based and school-based adolescent pregnancy prevention programs and contrary to
the conclusions forwarded by Frost and Forrest, these authors reported a non-
significant effect of the programs on sexual activity (Franklin et al., 1997).
The discrepancy between these two quantitative reviews may result from the decision
by Franklin et al. to include weak designs, which do not allow for reasonable causal
inferences. However, given that recent evidence indicates that weaker designs yield
higher estimates of intervention effects (Guyatt et al., 2000), the inclusion of weak
designs should have translated into higher effects for the Franklin et al. review and
not smaller. Given the discrepant results forwarded in these two recent quantitative
reviews, there is a need to clarify the extent of the impact of school-based sex
education in abstinent behavior and explore the specific features of the interventions
that are associated to variability in effect sizes.
Sexuality education is entangled with prevailing ideas about adolescence; indeed, sexuality
education helps to create those ideas. Moran 2000 links the emergence of “adolescence” as a
distinct social category with the widespread incorporation of sex education into public schools
during the 20th century. According to Moran, social anxieties around disease, morality, and
citizenship fueled these simultaneous developments. Lesko 2001 provides a historical analysis of
contemporary constructions of adolescence in media, schooling, and national rhetoric. Levine
2002 offers a related critique of modern social ideals around childhood sexual innocence—making
the controversial claim that US media, policymaking, and schooling eroticize children and youth,
even while claiming to protect them. Heins, the founder of the Free Expression Policy Project, turns
readers’ attention to the legal landscape. Heins 2001 pulls from historical and contemporary
examples to critique US indecency laws and other legal avenues for shielding young people’s
presumed sexual innocence. Fields 2005 continues the critique, arguing that while abstinence-only
and comprehensive sex education advocates often appear polarized, the seemingly neutral
language of “children having children” that both sides deploy builds on and conceals racialized and
gendered messages. In a historical analysis of sex education in the 20th and 21st centuries, Carlson
2012 underscores the prevailing conception of young people’s sexuality itself as problematic or
risky and urges educators to reject this approach and instead approach young people’s sexuality
through a framework of social justice and rights. Diorio and Munro 2003 argues that gendered
lessons about puberty and anatomy leave girls with negative attitudes about and understandings of
their bodies, particularly the experience of menstruation. Robinson 2013—a recent study of
childhood, sexuality, and innocence that spans Australia, the United Kingdom, and United States—
suggests these issues reach well beyond US borders.
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Conceptual Framework
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Assumption and Hypothesis

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SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS OF

THE STUDY
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This study focused on pointing and specifying the effect of sex education
orientation
the Grade 11 & 12Colegio De San Pedro academic year 2018-2019. This
research believe that it will contribute a lot to the awareness and cognization
to the knowledge of every students and provide necessary information to
them. This study limit it’s coverage on the Grade 11 and 12 Accountancy
Business Management student’s. This research is currently conducted
Cdspand begins in 2nd semester first year on senior high.

Limitation of the
study
First, there is a chance of recall bias in the process of gathering data given
more advantages to our given topic which is sex education despite some
theories against it.
Second, it is difficult to person. The particular topic in sex education
because, it was not implemented to this institution.
Third, finite research resources.
Fourth, shorttime to preparation.
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Significance of the study

This study will be benefit the following.

Teachers. teacher is will benefit on this particular research and it’s

recommendation thereof. They would be aware to those student who actually
active in sexual practices and to deepen their understanding about this
sensitive topic that they will educate to their students.
Parents. The parents will be able to monitor their children’s learning about
sex education to that they are able to prevent negletion and provides
protection to their children.
Students. The students will be aware mindful sexual education and other
precautionary ways.
Future research. This study will provide baseline data needed for future and
studies related to this one.

Definition of Terms
Massive- very large in size, amount, or degree
Impulsive - acting or done without forethought.
Doubtful – giving rise to doubt or uncertainty.
Unethical –not conforming to a high moral standard
Provision – the act or process of providing
- To supply with needed materials
Premarital sex – is sexual activity practiced by persons who are unmarried.
Theprevalanceof premarital sex has increased in both developed and
developing countries. However unlike virginity , premarital sex can refer to
more than one occasion of sexual activity or more than one sex partner.
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Abortion – the termination of a pregnancy after accompanied by, resulting

in, or closely followed by the death of the embryo or fetus.
Negletion(Neglect) – the word neglect comes from the latin verb “neglegre”,
which means “ disregarded”. You can neglect to do your chores, meaning
fail to do them, but this word is usually reserved for cases when you willingly
refuse to care for something appropriately.
Cognization(Cognize) – know, understand.
Contraceptive – of a method or device (adjective)
- a device or drug serving to prevent pregnancy (noun)
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