Project title

RUBBER CONCRETE
A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the

Requirement for the J component
IN
CLE 2007 Adv. Concrete Technology

By
Mehul Pareek (15BCL1037)
Joyjeet Majumdar (15BCL1068)
Phassang Tagi (15BCL1095)

Under the Guidance of

Prof. Santhil Pandian

SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND BUILDING SCIENCES

VIT University
CHENNAI (TN) 600127

(March 2018)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are extremely grateful to my Project Guide Prof.Santhil Pandian, SMBS, for

the confidence bestowed to me and entrusting my project entitled. A special thanks
goes to him who taught me every knowledge of this project and helped me
throughout completing this project.

Our special thanks to VIT Management for their constant support and
encouragement throughout the period of study.

Our sincere thanks to Dr. Janardhan Reddy, Dean, and Dr. S .Elavenil, Program
Chair, SMBS, for their help, stimulating suggestions and encouragement.

We would also like to acknowledge with much appreciation the crucial role of the
Staff of SMBS, who gave the permission to use all required machinery and the
necessary material to complete the project work.

We would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to all those who gave me
the opportunity to complete this report.

Last but not the least we place a deep sense of gratitude to my parents and my
friends who have been constant source of inspiration during the preparation of
this project work.

Mehul Pareek (15BCL1037)

Joyjeet Majumdar (15BCL1068)
Phassang Tagi (15BCL1095)

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 LIST OF TABLES

S.NO. TABLE DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

Observation Tables
1 Abstract Iv
2 Introduction 1
3 Literature review 1
4 Objective and scope 2
5 Materials and Methodology 2
6 results 4
7 Conclusion and Discussion 5
8 References 6

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 Executive Summary (Abstract)

Rubber tires are very difficult to dispose as they do not degrade easily and hence
pose various problems. Therefore waste rubber can be instead used in the making
of concrete. In this study, rubber crumbs were used to replace the fine aggregates
in the concrete mix in proportions of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%. The effects of the
resulting mix on the workability and compressive strength were then tested. There
is an increase and then decrease in workability as the proportion of rubber crumbs
in the mix increases. The effects on compressive strength is the opposite to that of
workability.

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 INTRODUCTION
Concrete is one the foremost extensively used construction material everywhere the planet.
Scientists and researchers are in quest for developing alternate construction material that are
environment friendly and contribute towards sustainable development. Vast quantity of rubber
tires waste is being generated day by day that creates the disposal drawback and has several
environmental problems. As this scrap rubber waste is associate in nursing elastic material
having less relative density, energy sorbent may be used as a replacement material for getting
light-weight concrete. In present study a shot is formed to partly replace the rubber aggregates
by fine aggregates in concrete and to review its impact on properties of concrete.

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 Literature Review
Esh maiel ganjian et al investigated the concrete mixture by using tire chipped replaced to
coarse aggregates and waste tire crumb powder replaced to cement at 5%, 7.5% and 10% to
examine the concrete properties. The result showed that with increase in percentages of rubber
compressive strength reduction was less than 5% and with 7.5% and 10% replacement higher
reduction occure modulus of elasticity reduces up to 17-28% for 5 to 10% replacement of
chipped rubber to aggregate in concrete, tensile strength and flexural strength reduced with
increased percentages of rubber in concrete.
Cammille A Issa, et al have been used recycled crumb rubber as a substitute for fine aggregate
in concrete at 0% to 100% replacement to crushed sand in concrete mix. The result showed that
25% Replacement of crushed sand gives good compressive strength and by using crumb rubber
up to 25% results in 8% decrease in density of concrete and ductility of concrete increases
therefore it is useful in shock resisting element , highway barrier etc. And also damping
properties improves.
F pache co- Torgal et al have been studied the effect on fresh and hardened concrete properties
by using polymeric waste like tire rubber and PET bottles in concrete mix. The results of many
researchers showed that with increase in rubber content workability (slump)
increases, and the properties like compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength
and modulus of elasticity decreases. But for higher content of tire rubber in concrete
mix increases the toughness of concrete...

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 Objectives and scope
The scope of our project is to see how different types of rubber affects the compressive
strength of a given grade of concrete. The rubber percentage replacement for this experiment
is-
 10%
 15%
 20%
 25%
Addition of rubber in a concrete mix enhances the following properties
 Workability
 Impact strength
 Plasticity

Materials and Methodology

Materials
The materials used in this experiment were cement, water, super plasticizer, rubber crumb,
fine aggregates and coarse aggregates
Cement: OPC (ordinary Portland cement) 53 grade was used
Fine Aggregate: Sand available in the concrete technology lab of Zone II with specific gravity
2.51 and water absorption 0.52% as per IS 456
Coarse aggregate: Maximum size of 10mm coarse Aggregate was used with specific gravity
2.62 and water absorption 1.95%
Water: Potable water available in the Laboratory water cement ratio adopted is 0.4
Super Plasticizer: Due to addition of rubber the workability increases so less amount is added
rubber: fine powder of rubber (rubber crumb)
Properties of rubber crumb
Property Observation
Specific Gravity 0.8
Water absorption 7.2%

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Mix Design of Concrete
The Mix design adopted was as per IS 10262-2009 and IS 456-2000
M30 Grade concrete
Cement (OPC grade 53): 440.96 kg/m3
Coarse Aggregate: 662.418 kg/m3
Superplasticizer @ 2% of cement content: 0.0082 m3

Rubber % Rubber content Fine Aggregate Water (kg/m3)

(kg/m3) (kg/m3)
0 0 696.951 183.447
10 69.695 627.256 188.102
15 104.543 592.408 190.430
20 139.390 557.561 192.758
25 174.238 522.713 195.086

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 Experiment Methodology
Workability: The slump cone test was done for each batch giving the workability measure.
Compressive strength test: for this test cube molds were taken with dimensions 100 x 100 x
100mm and cast for M30 Grade Concrete. The molds were filled with normal M30 concrete,
10%, 15%, 20% and 25% rubber content, the molds were vibrated for a maximum of 2 minutes
for compaction. The specimens were demolded after a setting time of 24 hours and then
placed in the curing tank for 28 days. After 28 days the cubes were tested in a compressive
test machine available to us in the laboratory. Three specimens each for particular rubber
dosage were tested and the failure load was noted for each specimen the average was taken
as per IS 516- 1959. Failure Stress is calculated as follows
Compressive strength (Mpa) = Failure load /Cross-sectional area

Experimental Results
Workability:
w/c = 0.4 Slump (mm)
0% 76
10% 80
15% 72
20% 29
25% 20

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Compressive strength

Compression Test Result

40 36.5
35
30.5
Compressive Strength

30
24.3 25.6
25 22.6 21.8
21.1
19.4
20
15 13.2
11.2
10
5
0
1 2 3 4 5
Samples

7 day 28 day

Failure in Cubes
The failure in concrete occurs due to breaking of the C-S-H bond between the coarse
aggregates, fine aggregate and the rubber.

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Conclusion and Discussion
As we can see from the above results, the workability of the concrete increases as there is
increase in the amount of rubber present in a unit volume of concrete. And then it starts
decreasing on further increasing the rubber content.
The increased workability of the rubber concrete can be parameter in the choice of placing
technique of the concrete. Since, the rubber concrete has increased workability, placing of
concrete by pumping techniques would be very suitable. The making of rubber concrete
requires high level of supervision. Hence, rubber concrete can be easily made in the factory
and later transported and pumped easily.
The compressive test give us some very important results. We observe that the 7th day and
28th day compressive strength gradually decreases as the amount of rubber in the concrete
increases. The decrease in strength may be due to increase in the amount of voids in the
concrete cube. As discussed earlier, the addition of rubber decreases the unit weight of the
cube. Hence, it can be inferred that there is an increase in the amount of air entrapped. The
increased amount of voids hence leads to the decreased compressive strength.
Higher content of waste tire crumb rubber produces the light weight concrete.
Further investigation is necessary to improve the hardened properties of rubber filled
concrete, to gain the loss strength due to the use of waste tire crumb rubber at higher content
in concrete mix. The use of crumb rubber in concrete mix is very much beneficial to
environmental concern and to solve the problem related to disposal of waste tire rubber
throughout the world.

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 REFERENCES

[1] Ki sang son, Iman Hajirasouliha, Kypros Pilakoutas. Strength and deformability of waste
tyre rubber filled RC column. Elsevier 2011 pp 218-226
[2] Eshmaile Ganjian, Morteza Khorami, Ali Akbar Maghsoudi. Scraptyre-rubber replacement
for aggregate and filler in concrete. Elsevier 2009 pp 1828-1836
[3] Camille A. Issa, George Salem. Utilization of recycled crumb as fine aggregates in concrete
mix design. Elsevier 2013 pp 48-52.
[4] F. Pacheco-Torgal, Yining Ding, Said Jalali. Properties and durability of concrete containing
polymeric wastes (tire rubber and polyethylene terephthalate bottles) 2012 pp 714-724
[5] N. J. Azmi, B. S. Mohammed, H. M. A. Al-Mattarneh Engineering properties of concrete
containing recycled tire rubber. ICCBT 2008 - B - (34) – pp 373-382
[6] Piti Sukontasukkul. Use of crumb rubber to improve thermal and sound properties of pre-
cast concrete panel. Elsevier 2008.pp 1084-1092
[7] Papakonstantinou CG, Tobolski MJ. Use of waste tire steel beads in Portland cement
concrete. Cem Concr Res 2006; 36(9):1686–91.
[8] Silvestravieiete I, Sleinotaite-Budriene L. Possibility to use scrap tires as an alternative fuel
in cement industry environmental research. Eng Manage 2002; 3(21):38–48.
[9] Segre N, Joekes I. Use of tire rubber particles as addition to cement paste. Cem Concr Res
2000; 30(9):1421–5.
[10] Shuaib Ahmad, Fedroff David, Savas Banu Zeynep. Freeze–thaw durability of concrete
with ground waste tire rubber. Transportation Research Record 1574; 1997.
[11] Kerševicius V. Rubber waste – raw materials for building: technical and economic aspects
of utilization environmental research. Eng Manage 2002; 3(21):72–7.
[12] Witoszek B. Static and dynamic behavior of recycled tire rubber filled concrete. Cem
Concr Res 2002; 32(10):1587–96.
[13] Chesner WH, Collins RJ, MacKay MH. User’s guidelines for waste and byproduct
materials in pavement construction. Report No. FHWA-RD-97-148, Commack: Chesner
Engineering, P.C., April 1998.
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