DESIGN OF BOX TYPE CULVERT

1 In side diamentions 3.4 x 2.6 m

2 Super imposed load 10000 N/m3
3 Live load 35000 N/m2
4 Wieght of soil 15000 N/m2 wt. of water 9800 N/m3
5 Angle of repose 30 Degree
6 Nominal cover top/bottom 40 mm Nominal cover Side 40 mm
6 Cocrete M- 20 wt. of concrete 25000 N/m3
2
σcbc 7 N/m m 13
7 Steel Fy 500 Out side σst 190 N/m2
water side side σst 150 N/m2
1 Solution Genral
For the purpose of design , one metre length of the box is considered.
The analysis is done for the following cases.
(I) Live load, dead load and earth prssure acting , with no water pressure from inside.
(II) Live and dead load on top and earth pressure acting from out side, and water pressure acting from inside,
with no live load on sides
(III) Dead load and earth pressure acting from out side and water pressure from in side.

Let the thicness of Horizontal slab 300 mm = 0.3 m

Vertical wall thicness 300 mm = 0.3 m
Effective slab span 3.4 + 0.3 = 3.7 m
Effective Height of wall 2.6 + 0.3 = 2.9 m

2 Case 1 : Dead and live load from out side of while no water pressure from inside.
Self weight og top slab = 0.3 x 1x 1 x 25000 = 7500 N/m2
Live load and dead load = 35000 + 10000 = 45000 N/m2
Total load on top = 52500 N/m2
Weight of side wall = 2.9 x 0.3 x 25000 = 21750 N/m
∴ Upward soil reaction at base = ( 52500 x 3.7 )+( 2 x 21750 )=
64256.8 N/m2
3.7
1 - sin 30 1- 0.5 0.5 = 1
Ka = = = = 0.33
1 + sin 30 1+ 0.5 1.5 3
∴ Latral pressure due to dead load and live load = Pv x Ka
p = 45000 x 0.333 = 15000 N/m2
Latral pressure due to soil Ka x w x h = 0.333 x 15000 h = 5000 h
Hence total pressure = 15000 + 5000 h
Latral presure intencity at top = 15000 N/m2
Latral pressure intencity at bottom = 15000 + 5000 x 2.9 = 29500 N/m2
w= 52500 N/m2
Fig 1 show the box culvert 15000 15000
frame ABC D, along with the external
A E B
loads, Due to symmetry, half of frame
(i.e. AEFD ) of box culvert is
considered for moment distribution. h 3.70
Since all the members have uniform 15000 2.90
thickness, and uniform diamentions, 5000 h
the relative stiffness K for AD will be
D F C
equal to 1 while the relative stiffness
29500 15000 14500
for AE and DF will be 1/2.
2
w = 64257 N/m
Fig 1

AATVIK CONSULTANCY AND INFRASTRUCTURE

1 1/2
Distribution factore for AD and DA= = 2/3 Distribution factore for AB and DC= = 1/3
1+1/2 1+1/2
 wL2 52500 x 2.9 2=
Fix end moments will be as under : MFAB= = -36794 N - m
12 12
wL2 64257 x 2.9 2= 45033.3 N - m
Mfdc= + =
12 12
pL2 WL Where W is the total tringular earth pressure.
MFAD = + +
12 15
2
15000 x 2.9 + 14500 x 2.9 2.9
MFAD = + x = 14578 N-m
12 2 15
pL2 WL
MFDA = - -
12 15
2-
15000 x 2.9 - 14500 x 2.9 2.9
MFDA = - x = -10513 -6097 = -16610
12 2 10
The Moment distribution is carried out as illustrate in table
Fixed End Moments
Member DC DA AD AB 24912 52500 24912
45033.277 -16610 14578 -36794 34885

The moment distribution carried out as per table 1 for case 1

Joint D A 76125 76125
Member DC DA AD AB 34885
24912
Distribution factore 0.33 0.67 0.67 0.33 15000 64929
Fix end moment 45033.277 -16610 14578 -36794 A A
Balance -9475 -18949 14811 7405 24912 1.45
Carry over 7405 -9475
-9819
balance -2468 -4937 6316 3158 2.9 m
Carry over 3158 -2468
balance -1053 -2105 1646 823 31600 1.45
Carry over 823 -1053 14500 D D
balance -274 -549 702 351 29500 47440 78359
31600
Carry over 351 -274
balance -117 -234 183 91 118875 118875
Carry over 91 -117 47440
balance -30 -61 78 39
Carry over 39 -30 64257
balance -13 -26 20 10 Fig 2
Carry over 10 -13
balance -3 -7 9 4
Final moment 31600 -31600 24912 -24912

For horizontal slab AB, carrying UDL @ 52500 N/m2.

Vertical reactionat a and B = 0.5 x 52500 x 2.9 = 76125 N/m2
2
Similarly, for the Bottom slab DC carrying U.D.L.loads @ 64257 N/m
Vertical reaction at D and C = 0.5 x 64256.76 x 3.70 = 118875 N
The body diagram for various members, including loading, B.M. And reactions are shown in fig.2
For the vertical member AD, the horizontal reaction at A is found by taking moments at D.Thus
( -ha x 3.70 ) + 24912 - 31600 + 15000 x 3.70 x 3.70 x 1/2
+ 1/2 x 14500 x 3.70 x 3.70 x 1/3
-ha x 3.70 + -6688 + 102675 + 33084.2
From which, ha = 34885
Hence , hd =( 15000 + 29500 )x 3.70 - 34885 = 47440 N
2
52500 x 3.70 2=
Free B.M. at mid point E = 89841 N-m
8
Net B.M. at E = 89841 - 24912 = 64929 N-m
64256.7568 x 3.70 2=
Similarly, free B.M. at F = 109959 N -m
 Similarly, free B.M. at F = 109959 N -m
8
Net B.M. at F = 109959.375 - 31600 = 78359 N-m
For vertical member AD , Simply supported B.M. At mid span
15000 x 3.70 2+
Simply supporetd at mid sapn = 1/16 x 14500 x 3.70 2= 38075
8
31600 + 24912
Net B.M. = = 28256 - 38075 = -9819 N-m
2
3 Case 2 : Dead load and live load from out side and water pressure from inside.
In this case , water pressure having an intensity of zero at A and 9800 x 2.90 = 28420 N/m2
At D, is acting, in addition to the pressure
considered in case 1. The various pressures are
w= 52500 N/m2
marked in fig 3 .The vertical walls will thus be
subjected to a net latral pressure of 15000 15000 15000
Itensity 2
= 15000 N/m At the Top 13920

Net latral pressure diagram

A E B
And = 29500 - 28420
= 1080 N/m2 at the bottom 3.70
2.90

D F C
29500 29500 1080
2
w = 64257 N/m
Fig 3
wL2 = 52500 x 3.70 2=
Fix end moments will be as under : MFAB= -59894 N - m
12 12
wL2 64257 x 3.7 2= 73306.3 N - m
Mfdc= =
12 12
pL2 WL Where W is the total tringular earth pressure.
MFAD = + +
12 10
2
1080 x 3.7 + 13920 x 3.7 3.7
MFAD = + x = 10761 N-m
12 2 10
pL2 WL
MFDA = - -
12 15
1080 x 3.7 2- 13920 x 3.7 3.7
MFDA = - x = -7584 N -m
12 2 15
The moment distribution is carrired out as illustred in table.
Fixed End Moments
Member DC DA AD AB 33258 52500 33258
73306.25 -7584 10761 -59894 11827

The moment distribution carried out as per table 1 for case 1

Joint D A 76125 76125
Member DC DA AD AB
33258
Distribution factore 0.33 0.67 0.67 0.33 15000 11827 21933
Fix end moment 73306.25 -7584 10761 -59894 A A
Balance -21907 -43815 32755 16378 33258 1.45
Carry over 16378 -21907
29439
balance -5459 -10918 14605 7302 2.9
Carry over 7302 -5459
balance -2434 -4868 3639 1820 42524 1.45
Carry over 1820 -2434 1080 D D
balance -607 -1213 1623 811 11489 25026
42524
Carry over 811 -607
balance -270 -541 404 202 93172 93172
Carry over 202 -270 11489
balance -67 -135 180 90
Carry over 90 -67 64257
 balance -30 -60 45 22 Fig 4
Carry over 22 -30
balance -7 -15 20 10
Final moment 42524 -42524 33258 -33258

For horizontal slab AB, carrying UDL @ 52500 N/m2.

Vertical reactionat a and B = 0.5 x 52500 x 2.9 = 76125 N/m2
Similarly, for the Bottom slab DC carrying U.D.L.loads @ 64257 N/m2
Vertical reaction at D and C = 0.5 x 64257 x 2.90 = 93172.3 N
The body diagram for various members, including loading, B.M. And reactions are shown in fig.3
For the vertical member AD, the horizontal reaction at A is found by taking moments at D.Thus
( -ha x 2.90 ) + 33258 - 42524 + 1080 x 2.90 x 2.90 x 1/2
+ 1/2 x 13920 x 2.90 x 2.90 x 2/3
-ha x 2.90 + -9266 + 4541.4 + 39022.4
From which, ha = 11827
Hence , hd =( 1080 + 15000 )x 2.90 - 11827 = 11489 N
2
52500 x 2.90 2=
Free B.M. at mid point E = 55191 N-m
8
Net B.M. at E = 55191 - 33258 = 21933 N-m
2
64257 x 2.90 =
Similarly, free B.M. at F = 67549.9 N -m
8
Net B.M. at F = 67549.9155 - 42524 = 25026 N-m
For vertical member AD , Simply supported B.M. At mid span
1080 x 2.90 2+
Simply supporetd at mid sapn = 1/16 x 13920 x 2.90 2= 8452.1
8
42524 + 33258
Net B.M. = = 37891 - 8452 = 29439 N-m
2
AATVIK CONSULTANCY AND INFRASTRUCTURE
4 Case 3 : Dead load and live load on top water pressure from inside no live load on side.
in this case, it is assume that there is no latral oressure due to live load . As before .
The top slab is subjected to a load of '= 52500 N/m2
and the bottom slab is subjected to a load w= 52500 N/m2

Net latral pressure diagram

Itensity = 64257 N/m2 3333 1/3 3333.333
Lateral pressure due to dead load = A E B 3333.333

1/3 x 10000 = 3333 1/3 N/m2

Lateral pressure due to soil = 3.70
1/3 x 15000 = 5000 N/m 2
2.90
Hence earth pressure at depth h is =
3333 1/3 + 5000 h D F C
17833.333 17833.33 13920
Earth pressure intensity at top = 3333 N/m2 w= 64257 N/m 28420
28420
Fig 5
Earth pressure intensity at Bottom= 3333 + 5000 x 2.90 = 17833.3 N/m2
In addition to these, the vertical wall lslab subjectednto water pressure of intensity ZERO at top and 28420
N/m2 at Bottom, acting from inside . The lateral pressure on vertical walls Is shown in fig 5 and 6

wL2 52500 x 3.70 2=

Fix end moments will be as under : MFAB= = -59894 N - m
12 12
wL2 64257 x 3.7 2= 73306.3 N - m
Mfdc= =
12 12
pL2 WL Where W is the total tringular earth pressure.
MFAD = + -
12 15
2
3333 x 3.7 - 13920 x 3.7 3.7
MFAD = + x = -2550 N-m
 MFAD = + x = -2550 N-m
12 2 15
pL2 WL 3803 - 6352
MFDA = - +
12 10
3333 x 3.7 2- 13920 x 3.7 3.7
MFDA = - x = 5725 N -m
12 2 10
The moment distribution is carrired out as illustred in table.
Fixed End Moments
Member DC DA AD AB 26604 52500 26604
73306.25 5725 -2550 -59894 =
The moment distribution carried out as per table 1 for case 1
Joint D A 76125 76125
Member DC DA AD AB
26604
Distribution factore 0.33 0.67 0.67 0.33 3333 63237
Fix end moment 73306.25 5725 -2550 -59894 A A
Balance -26344 -52688 41629 20815 26604 1.45
Carry over 20815 -26344
37443
balance -6938 -13876 17563 8781 2.9
Carry over 8781 -6938
balance -2927 -5854 4625 2313 35870 1.45
Carry over 2313 -2927 0D D
balance -771 -1542 1951 976 13920 74089
35870
Carry over 976 -771
balance -325 -650 514 257 93172 93172
Carry over 257 -325 5090
balance -86 -171 217 108
Carry over 108 -86 64257
balance -36 -72 57 29 Fig 4
Carry over 29 -36
balance -10 -19 24 12
Final moment 35870 -35870 26604 -26604

For horizontal slab AB, carrying UDL @ 52500 N/m2.

Vertical reactionat a and B = 0.5 x 52500 x 2.9 = 76125 N
2
Similarly, for the Bottom slab DC carrying U.D.L.loads @ 64257 N/m
Vertical reaction at D and C = 0.5 x 64257 x 2.90 = 93172.3 N
The body diagram for various members, including loading, B.M. And reactions are shown in fig.6
For the vertical member AD, the horizontal reaction at A is found by taking moments at D.Thus
( ha x 2.90 ) + 26604 - 35870 + 3333 x 2.90 x 2.90 x 1/2
- 1/2 x 13920 x 2.90 x 2.90 x 1/3
-ha x 2.90 + -9266 + 14016.7 - 19511
From which, ha = 5090
Hence , hd =( 13920 x 2.90 )- 3333 x 2.90 - 5090 = 5427.3
2
52500 x 3.70 2=
Free B.M. at mid point E = 89841 N-m
8
Net B.M. at E = 89841 - 26604 = 63237 N-m
2
64257 x 3.70 =
Similarly, free B.M. at F = 109959 N -m
8
Net B.M. at F = 109959.375 - 35870 = 74089 N-m
For vertical member AD , Simply supported B.M. At mid span
3333.33333 x 3.70 2+
Simply supporetd at mid sapn = 1/16 x 13920 x 3.70 2= 6206.1
8
35870 + 26604
Net B.M. = = 31237 + 6206 = 37443 N-m
2
5 Design of top slab :
Mid section
The top slab is subjected to following values of B.M. and direct force
Case B.M. at Center (E) B.M. at ends (A) Direct force (ha)
(i) 64929 24912 34885
(II) 21933 33258 11827
(II) 63237 26604 5090

The section will be design for maximum B.M. = 64929 N -m

for water side force
σst = = 150 N/mm 2 wt. of concrete = 25000 N/m3
σcbc = = 7 N/mm 2 wt of water = 9800 N/mm 2
m = 13 for water side force
m*c 13 x 7
k= = = 0.378 K = 0.378
m*c+σst 13 x 7 + 150
j=1-k/3 = 1 - 0.378 / 3 = 0.874 J = 0.874
R=1/2xc x j x k = 0.5 x 7 x 0.87 x 0.378 = 1.155 R = 1.155
Provide over all thickness = 300 mm so effective thicknesss = 260 mm
Mr = R . B .D2 = 1.155 x 1000 x 260 2= 78094037 > 64929000 O.K.
2
64929000 = 1905 mm
Ast = BMx100/σstxjxD=
150 x 0.874 x 260
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 16 x 16
using 16 mm Φ bars A = = = 201 mm 2
4 x100 4
Spacing of Bars = Ax1000/Ast 201 x 1000 / 1905 = 106 say = 100 mm
Hence Provided 16 mm Φ Bars @ 100 mm c/c
Acual Ast provided 1000 x 201 / 100 = 2010 mm 2
Bend half bars up near support at distance of L/5 = 3.70 / 5 = 0.80 m
0.1 x( 300 - 100 %
Area of distributionn steel = 0.3 - = 0.24
450 - 100
Ast = 0.24 x 300 x 10 = 729 mm 2 area on each face= # mm 2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 12 x 12
using 12 mm Φ bars A = = = 113 mm 2
4 x100 4
Spacing of Bars = Ax1000/Ast = 113 x 1000 / 365 = 310 say = 310 mm
Hence Provided 12 mm Φ Bars @ 310 mm c/c on each face
Section at supports :-
Maximum B.M.= 33258 N-m. There is direct compression of 34885 N also.
But it effect is not considered because the slab is actually reinforced both at top and bottom .
Since steel is at top σst = 190 N/mm 2 concrete M 20
k = 0.324 J= 0.892 R = 1.011
33258000
∴ Ast = = 755 mm 2
190 x 0.892 x 260
AATVIK CONSULTANCY AND INFRASTRUCTURE
Area available from the bars bentup from the middle section = 2010 / 2 = 1005 mm 2
755 < 1005 Hence these bars will serve the purpose. However, provide 8 mm dia. Additional
bars @ 200 mm c/c
6 Design of bottom slab:
The bottom slab has the following value of B.M. and direct force.
Case B.M. at Center (F) B.M. at ends (D) Direct force (ha)
(i) 78359 31600 47440
(II) 25026 42524 11489
(II) 74089 35870 5427

The section will be design for maximum B.M. = 78359 N -m

 for water side force
σst = = 150 N/mm 2 wt. of concrete = 25000 N/m3
σcbc = = 7 N/mm 2 wt of water = 9800 N/mm 2
m = 13 for water side force
m*c 13 x 7
k= = = 0.378 K = 0.378
m*c+σst 13 x 7 + 150
j=1-k/3 = 1 - 0.378 / 3 = 0.874 J = 0.874
R=1/2xc x j x k = 0.5 x 7 x 0.87 x 0.378 = 1.155 R = 1.155
78359375
∴ d = = 261 mm D = 301 mm
1000 x 1.155
Provide thickness of bottom slab D= 310 mm so that d = 270 mm
78359375 = 2213 mm 2
Ast = BMx100/σstxjxD=
150 x 0.874 x 270
3.14xdia2 3.14 x
20 x 20
using 20 mm bars A = = = 314 mm 2
4 x100 4
Spacing of Bars = Ax1000/Ast 314 x 1000 / 2213 = 142 say = 140 mm
Hence Provided 20 mm Φ Bars @ 140 mm c/c
Acual Ast provided 1000 x 314 / 140 = 2243 mm 2
Bend half bars up near support at distance of L/5 = 3.70 / 5 = 0.80 m
0.1 x( 310 - 100
Area of distributionn steel = 0.3 - = 0.24 %
450 - 100
Ast = 0.24 x 310 x 10 = 744 mm 2 area on each face= 372 mm 2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 12 x 12
using 12 mm bars A = = = 113 mm 2
4 x100 4
Spacing of Bars = Ax1000/Ast = 113 x 1000 / 372 = 304 say = 300 mm
Hence Provided 12 mm Φ Bars @ 300 mm c/c on each face
Section at supports :-
Maximum B.M.= 42524 N-m. There is direct compression of 47440 N also.
But it effect is not considered because the slab is actually reinforced both at top and bottom .
Since steel is at top σst = 190 N/mm 2 concrete M 20
k = 0.324 J= 0.892 R = 1.011
42524000
∴ Ast = = 930 mm 2
190 x 0.892 x 270
Area available from the bars bentup from the middle section = 2243 / 2 = 1121 mm 2
Hence these bars will serve the purpose. However, provide 8 mm dia. Additional
930 < 1121
bars @ 200 mm c/c
Additional reinforcemet required -191 = mm 2
2
3.14xdia 3.14 x 8 x 8
using 8 mm bars A = = = 50 mm 2
4 x100 4
Spacing of Bars = Ax1000/Ast = 50 x 1000 / -191 = -262 say = -260 mm
Hence Provided 8 mm Φ Bars @ -260 mm c/c throught out the slab, at its bottom.

7 Design of side wall:

The side wall has the following value of B.M. and direct force.
Case B.M. at Center (F) B.M. at ends (D) Direct force (ha)
(i) -9819 31600 118875
(II) 29439 42524 93172
(II) 37443 35870 93172

The section will be design for maximum B.M. = 42524 N -m, and direct force = 118875 N
42524 x 1000
Eccentricity = = 358 mm
118875
proposed thickness of side wall '= 300 mm ∴ e/D 358 / 300 = 1.19 < 1.5 OK
thickness of side wall is OK
 Let us reinforce the section with 20 mm Φ bars @ 300 mm c/c provided on both faces, as shown
in fig xxx . With cover of 40 mm = 300 mmand D
1000 3.14 x 20 x 20
Asc = Ast = x = 1047 mm 2
300 4
The depth of N.A. is computed from following expression:
b n D - dt - n + (m - 1)Asc 1 (n - dc)(D - dt- dc)
3 3 n D
= e+ - dt
b n + (m -1) Asc n - dc D - dt - n 2
- m Ast
n n

1000 n n 1047
300 - 40 - + 12 x x n - 40 x -80
or 2 3 n
1000 n+ 1047 1047
12 x x n - 40 - 13 x x 300 - 40 -n
2 n n

n -1004800
500 n 260 - + n - 40 x
3 n
= 358 + 110
12560 13607
500 n+ x n - 40 - x 260 - n
n n

-40192000
130000 n - 167 n2 + -1004800 -
n
= 468
502400 3537733
500 n + 12560 - - + 13607
n n
multiply by n
130000 n2 - 167 n3 + -1004800 n - -40192000
= 468
500 n2 + 12560 n- 502400 - 3537733 + 13607 n

130000 n2 - 167 n3 + -1004800 n - -40192000

= 0
234000 n2 + 12246000 n - 1890782400

-104000 n2 - 11241200 n - -1850590400 = 167 n3

-624 n2 + 67447 n - 11103542 = n3

Solwing this trial and error we get, n = 89.88 mm
12 x 1047 13 x 1047
∴ c' = ( 500 x 89.88 + ( 89.88 - 40 )-
89.88 89.88
x( 300 - 40 - 89.88 )
AATVIK CONSULTANCY AND INFRASTRUCTURE
or 44941 + 139.7 x 49.88 - 151.4 x 170.12 = 26159
118875
∴ c' = = 4.54 < 7 N/mm 2 Stress is less than permissiable
26159
m c' 13 x 4.54
Also stress in steel t = (D-dc-n) = x ( 300 - 40 - 89.88 )
n 89.88
= 111.8 N/mm2 < 190 N/mm2 O.K.
Stress in steel is less than permissiable Hence section is O.K.