Government Polytechnic, Pen (Affilated by Maharastra State Board of Technical - Edu)

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC,PEN
(AFFILATED BY MAHARASTRA STATE BOARD OF
TECHNICAL.EDU)
Certificate
Department Of Mechanical Engineering
Year 2018-2019
This is certify that the following students of THIRD YEAR MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING completed the project work on "diffuser augmented wind
turbine" as a partial fulfilment and academic requiredment for diploma
inMechanical Engineering as prescribed by MSBTE.
Sr. No. Name of student Entroll.No. Roll No
1 Pawan Wasudev Bhagat 16012900 3514
2 Dhiranjali P. Thakur 1601290032 3517
3 Sushmita D. Mhatre 1601290055 3523
4 Hrishikesh A. More 16012900 3540

Trinity College of Engineering and Research, M.E. (Mechanical) (Design Engineering)
1
5 Rohit R. More 16012900 3569
Ms.K.S.DHERANDE Mr.Dr.S.S.BHAMARE
Mr.R.R.SHELEY EXAMINER

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ACKNOWLEDGENMENT
I feel great pleasure in expressing my deepest sense of grattitude and sincered

thanks to my guide MS.K.S.DHERANGE for her valuable guidance during the project
work,without which it would have been very difficult task. I have no words to expressed
my sincered thanks for valuable guidance, extrem assistance and corporation extended to
all the staff member of our department.
This acknowledgment would be incomplete without expressing my special

thanks to PROF. R.R.SHELEY sir HOD of mechanical department for their continuous
encouragement.
Last but not least, I would like to thanks all teaching and non-teaching staff
members of my department and my colleagues those who help me directly or indirectly
completing of this project succesfully.

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ABSTRACT
Flanged Diffuser is collecting-accelerating device which shrouds a wind

turbine. For given turbine diameter, the power augmentation can be achieved by brimmed
diffuser, popularly known as wind lens.
The present numerical investigation deals with the effect of low Pressure
region created by wind lens & hence to analyze the strong vortices formed by brim
attached to shrouded diffuser at the exit. Also in this analysis, a comparative numerical
prediction of mass flow rates the wind turbine has been carried out with various types of
wind lens which in turn helps to optimize the torque augmentation. It has been proved that
there is significant increase in the vortex strength & wake formation when brimming
effect is added to a diffuser.

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CONTENT
CHAPTER PAGES
List of figures
1.Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Concept
1.2 Histrory
1.3 State wise wind turbine
1.4 Need
2. Chapter 2: LITREATURE REVIEW
2.1 Review
3. Chapter 3: METHODOLOGY
3.1 Method
3.2 Work Methodology flow chart
4. Chapter 4:SYSTEM SKETCH

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Basic principle
4.3 Advantagess
4.4 Feasability aspects of diffuser
4.4.1 Size

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4.4.2 Weight
4.4.3 Design
4.4.4 Cost
4.4,5 Transportation
5.Chapter 5: PRINCIPLE
5.1 Aim of project
5.2 Design of construction
5.3 Operation
5.4 Objectives
6. Chapter 6:COMPONENTS OF SYSTEM

6.1 Rotor
6.2Generator
6.3 Nacelle
6.4Tail assembly
6.5 Controller
6.6 Inverter
6.7 Types of wind turbine
6.7.1 Horizontal wind turbine
6.7.2 Advantages of horizontal axis wind turbine
6.7.3 Limitations of horizontal axis wind turbine
6.7.4 Vertical axis wind turbine
6.7.5 Darrieus wind turbine
6.7.6 Giromill
6.7.7 Savonius wind turbine

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6.7.8 Parallal
6.7.9 Unconvential wind turbine
6.8 Composition of small will turbine
7. Chapter 7: COSTING
7.1 costing
8. Chapter: Discussion
9.Chapter 9: CONCLUTION
10. Chapter10: :FUTURE SCOPE

10.1 Scope of work
10.2 Observational Report
10.3 Resources
10. Chapter 10: REFERANCES:

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Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

8
INTRODUCTION
In the past century, it has been seen that the use of non-renewable sources of energy has
caused more environmental damage than any other human activity. Stock of non
renewable energy sources are in a small quantity and when it is regularly used then it is
finished earlier. Electricity generated from fossil fuels such as coal and crude oil have
high concentration of harmful gases in the atmosphere. This has turn into many problems
faced today such as ozone depletion and global warming.
For the application of an effective energy resource in the future, the limitation
of fossil fuels is overcomes with the security of alternative energy sources is an important
subject. Furthermore, for environmental issues, i.e., global warming, ozone depletion etc.,
the development and application of renewable and clean energy are strongly expected.
Wind energy technologies have developed rapidly and play a big role in a new energy
field. However, in comparison with the overall demand for energy, the scale of wind
power usage is still small; especially, the level of development in Japan is extremely
small. As for the reasons, various causes are conceivable. For example, the limited local
area suitable for wind power plants, the complex terrain compared to that in European or
North American countries and the turbulent nature of the local wind are pointed out.
Therefore, the introduction of a new wind power system that produces higher power
output even in areas where lower wind speeds and complex wind patterns are expected
strongly desired.
Renewable energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished
constantly. In which it is available in various forms like, it derives directly from the sun,
wind, ocean, hydropower, biomass, geothermal resources, and bio fuels and hydrogen
derived from renewable resources. Renewable energy resources and significant
opportunities for energy efficiency exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to other
energy sources, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. Rapid
deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency, and technological diversification
of energy sources, would result in significant energy security and economic benefits.
Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct areas: electricity generation,
hot water/space heating, motor fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.
Trinity College of Engineering and Research, Pune, M.E. (Mechanical) (Design Engineering)
2
1.1 HISTORY.
Wind Energy in India
Wind energy program was commenced in India by the end of the 6th five yearly
plan during 1983-84 and in the last few years it has increased considerably. The main
objective of the program was the commercialization of wind energy production, support
research and development, provide help to wind projects and to create awareness among
people. Under this program Ministry of Non Renewable Energy (MNRE) has done
various modification regarding incentives, schemes and policies for wind energy. India is
relatively newcomer to the wind energy sector as compared to Denmark or USA. But
Indian policy support for wind energy has led India and it ranked fifth with largest
installed wind power capacity. The total installed power capacity was 19,565 MW on June
30, 2013 and now India is just behind USA, China, Spain and Germany. The five main
wind power countries are China, USA, Germany, Spain and India and they together
represent a share of 73 percent of the global wind capacity. As per MNRE wind power
accounts for the largest share of renewable power installed capacity i.e.70 percent (2012),
as compared to the other renewable sources. The total installed wind power capacity in
India had reached 17.9.
Out of all the renewable sources wind energy have the potential of 102772 MW which
is nearly 70% of total potential. This capacity was estimated by (NIWE) considering the
potential areas having wind power density greater than 200 W/sq. m having hub height of
80 m with 2% land availability for setting up wind farms at 9 MW/ sq.km. According to
the survey of NIWE nearly 5GW or more currently installed capacity uses wind turbine
having 500 kW capacities with hub height 25 to 50 m installed before 1990’s considered
as premium wind regions. These turbines have low operating efficiencies with capacity
utilization factor of 12% than currently installed wind turbines with capacity of 1.5 to 2
MW or even higher at hub height of 100 m or more with blade length of 50 m having
capacity utilization factor nearly 35 to 50%. By the tentative state wise brake up, MNRE
set the target of installing capacity of wind power up to 60000 MW by the year 2020.
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1.2 State Wise Wind Power:
Table 1.1 Wind Energy Installed In State across India
STATE Capacity MW, as of march

31st 2015
Tamil Nadu 7455.2
Gujarat 3645.4
Maharashtra 4450.8
Rajasthan 3307.2
Karnataka 2638.4
Andhra Pradesh 1031.4
Madhya Pradesh 879.7
Kerala 35.1
Others 4.3
Total 23447.5
The capacity of wind power in Tamil Nadu is around 35% of total capacity of India.
Considering the importance of new renewable energy sources, Government of Tamil
Nadu set up a separate agency named as Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency
(TEDA) early in 1985 and now Tamil Nadu is leading in wind power sector in India, in
Muppandal wind farm with the total capacity of 1500 MW being largest in Asia and with
total installed capacity of 7253 MW
1.3 CONCEPT:
A wind turbine is a machine which converts the power in the wind into electricity.
This is in contrast to a ‘windmill’, which is a machine which converts the wind’s power
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into mechanical power. As electricity generators, wind turbines are connected to some
electrical network. These networks include battery charging circuits, residential scale
power systems, isolated or island networks, and large utility grids. In terms of total
numbers, the most frequently found wind turbines are actually quite small - on the order
of 1O kW or less. In terms of total generating capacity, the turbines that make up the
majority of the capacity are in general rather large - in the range of 500 kW to 2 MW.
These larger turbines are used primarily in large utility grids, mostly in Europe and the
United States.
Wind turbines are classified as horizontal-axis (HAWTs) or vertical-axis turbines
(VAWTs). Now a day’s all wind turbines manufactured are horizontal-axis. Vertical-axis
machines have been plagued with blade- fatigue problems. In addition, the rotors on
VAWTs are typically lower than those of HAWTs. The latter positioning presents a
disadvantage because the velocity of the wind decreases near the ground. A wind turbine
is a machine which converts the wind power into electricity. This is contrast to a
windmill, which is a machine that converts the wind’s power into mechanical power.
There are two great classes of wind turbines, horizontal- and vertical-axis wind turbines.
Conventional wind turbines, horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWT), spin about a
horizontal axis. As the name implies, a vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) spins about a
vertical axis. The following figure shows HAWT and VAWT
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Figure.1.1 Horizontal axis and vertical axis wind turbine [3]
Today, the most common design of wind turbine is the horizontal axis wind turbine
(HAWT). That is, the axis of rotation is parallel to the ground. HAWT rotors are usually
classified according to the rotor orientation (upwind or downwind of the tower), hub
design (rigid or teetering), rotor control (pitch vs. stall), number of blades (usually two or
three blades), and how they are aligned with the wind (free yaw or active yaw). Figure 1.2
shows the upwind and downwind configurations.
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Figure.1.2 HAWT Rotor Configurations
7
CHAPTER 2:
LITERATURE REVIEW
8
LITERATURE REVIEW
The Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbine (DAWT) has been studied periodically
over the last five decades. It has already been established by the scientific community that
the DAWT is superior to conventional bare wind turbines. Literatures from the papers are
as followed:
Preliminary Design and Economic Investigations of Diffuser Augmented Wind

Turbines (DAWT) by K.M. Foreman (1979-1980) takes the research effort to establish by
preliminary design and manufacturing trade-off studies the economic feasibility of the
Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbine (DAWT) concept. The Diffuser Augmented Wind
Turbine (DAWT) is an innovative approach under investigation since 1975. Its goal is to
improve the economics of wind energy conversion into electrical energy. By using
diffuser, the volumetric flow processed by the turbine is much greater than conventional
wind turbines of the same diameter and more wind power is converted at the same free
wind speed. For Prevention of wind turbine structure, careful attention must be accorded
the design and manufacturing approaches of the diffuser and its supporting structure
should have low enough costs to retain attractive overall system prospects. The objective
of this research effort was to manufacture preliminary design and manufacturing trade-off
studies the economic feasibility of the Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbine (DAWT)
concept. The results suggest that fiberglass reinforced plastics construction of the diffuser
should be attractive and competitive. Also cost of electrical generation is less than
traditional wind turbine by using the small diffuser augmented wind turbine. Range of this
system is 5-200 kW rated Output wind energy conversion.
K.M.Foreman (1977) have investigated cost-effective diffuser augmentation of

wind turbines has revealed at least two effective types of diffusers
• Boundary layer controlled diffusion
• Flapped ring wings
Model tests have demonstrated significant power augmentation capabilities for DAWT,
approaching a factor of 2. Diffuser exit plane pressure substantially below atmospheric
(0.6qo) as compared to free stream dynamic pressure ( qo) has been verified. Because of
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this low pressure region at the end of diffuser, it is possible that larger amounts of air
through a DAWT's than a conventional Wind turbines, and hence it is converted more
power. Economic studies using the most recent turbine cost trends and Grumman-
generated diffuser cost estimate DAWTs have lower power costs than convention wind
turbine for very large and for small turbine diameter sizes. The benefits of DAWT in the
intermediate size range are somewhat obscured by the significant uncertainty of realistic
turbine cost estimates; DAWT can be marginally cheaper or to much more expensive is
totally depends on whose authoritative judgment is used. The indirect benefits of DAWT,
including a potentially greater factor for usable annual wind energy pattern, probably
means that DAWTs generally become more economical than conventional WECS,
regarding of size of diifuser or cost of turbine, then they are longer in operation.
Clive A.J.Fletcher (1981) have analysed the diffuser-augmented wind turbines
based on blade element theory. It has been developed two parameter respectively the
diffuser efficiency and the exit plane pressure coefficient. It is control the influence of the
diffuser on the turbine performance. This analysis indicates the by using screens to
simulate the turbine overestimates the delivered power by 8 by neglecting blade profile
drag, but underestimates the delivered power by 30 by neglecting the favourable effect
of the induced wake rotation on the diffuser efficiency. Maximum delivered power is
achieved with NACA 4418 aerofoils at a solidity ratio of 0.15. By using modern high lift
aerofoils does not improve the performance but allow the solidity ratio to be reduced to
0.10. Diffuser augmented wind turbines are capable of delivering from two to four times
the power of an unshrouded wind turbine of the same area by using the area ratio and
Reynolds number.
M.T.S.Badawy and M.E.Aly (2000) have studied the theoretical demonstration

of diffuser augmented wind turbine by using theoretical analysis, mathematical models,
assumptions, in addition to computer program for calculations and drawings which gives
the results maximum power coefficient (Cpdo) of DAWT is directly proportional to Cr,
Co, Ct and No, and reaches a value of 1.5 at Co = -0.5, Cr = 0.5, Ct = 1.0 and No = 1.0.
Also it gives the augmentation ratio relative to Betz (Rb) is directly proportional to Cr,
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Co, Ct and No, and reaches a value of 6 at Ct~1.0, No~ 1.0, Cr= 0.9 and Co~-0.5.
Optimum diffuser efficiency (η) to find optimum Cr, Optimum speed ratio (N) for
optimum Cpd, Maximum and suitable pressure recovery factor (Cr), Maximum overall
factor (Co) for optimum Cpd, optimum and suitable turbine load factor (Ct) by satisfying
these parameters power output can be increased.
K. Abe, M. Nishida, A. Sakuraia, Y. Ohya, H. Kiharaa,E Wada, K. Sato (2005)

have gives Experimental and numerical investigations which is carried out for flow fields
of a small wind turbine with a flanged diffuser. By processing the data collected,
characteristic and values of the flow fields were estimated and compared with those for a
bare wind turbine. The main observations obtained from this study are, the present
diffuser-shrouded wind turbine provided higher power output compared to the unshrouded
wind turbine. The power output coefficient of the diffuser-shrouded wind turbine was four
times as high as that of the bare wind turbine. However, when the performance was
observed by the local mean velocity behind the turbine blades in bare as well as diffuser-
shrouded wind turbines returned almost the same peak performance. It is indicated that
the wind turbine working similarly against the approaching wind with a flanged diffuser.
It is also shown that the power obtained of this kind of wind turbine is only because of the
acceleration of the approaching wind by a flanged diffuser. The present computational
results generally showed reasonable agreement with the corresponding experimental data
in the range from moderate to high l, where no separation at the blade surface was
expected. On the other hand, in the low l range, the present experiment elucidated that
very large vortex-like structures were generated. These structures occupied the region of
1=4–1=3 of the blade radius from the blade tip. This indicates that efforts are needed to
construct a new disk-loading model representing such complex flow phenomena in the
low l range. Although there still remains some margin for improvement, it gives that the
present computational procedure is very useful for the first assessment of performance in
developing new diffuser-shrouded wind turbines. Flow structures of the diffuser-shrouded
wind turbine were similar to those of the bare wind turbine like behind the rotor plane,
thus some divergence was seen close to the blade tip region. On the other hand,
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completely different ways were seen in the downstream region of the wind turbine. In
diffuser-shrouded wind turbine, sudden destruction of the vortex structure was seen while
similarly vortex formations were also seen even in the far downstream region of the bare
wind turbine. This thought to be a considerable feature of this kind of diffuser shrouded
wind turbine.
Toshio Matsushima, Shinya Takagi, Seiichi Muroyama (2005) have studied to

improve effects, a diffuser used for the output power of small wind turbine systems.
Purpose of this study was to introduce these systems to radio relay stations as an
independent power supply system. A frustum-shaped diffuser was selected from wind
speed distribution and economical stand point view. The effect of the diffuser’s shape
showed on the wind speed which is analyzed by simulation and that the wind speed in the
diffuser was greatly influenced by the length and expansion angle of the diffuser. For
improvement of these factors they evaluated a wind turbine with a diffuser, purpose was
improving the turbine’s output power characteristics. They used thermohydrodynamic
analysis software to evaluate the turbine characteristics using a field trial device and also
simulated the effect of the diffuser parameters on the wind speed. The results were
obtained for a wind turbine with a diffuser are, it gives effect on wind speed for different
diffuser parameters like main body length L, entrance diameter D, expansion angle q and
flange length T. Results showed that the parameters were able to increase the maximum
wind speed in the region of the diffuser entrance by around 1.7 times. The mounting of a
diffuser on wind turbine improved the power curve and also increased the energy
production. A maximum energy production ratio near about 2.4 times was obtained by
collecting wind energy in the turbine by using diffuser. The diffuser is useful at such sites
like the wind direction is steady and by setting the turbine in the direction of the wind.
Y. Ohya et al.(2008) have developed wind turbine system consists of a shrouded

diffuser with a broad ring flange at the exit periphery and a wind turbine inside it. The
flanged diffuser shroud is a device for collecting and accelerating the approaching wind
towards the wind turbine. Vortex formation at the exit of the diffuser by using flange
which generates a low-pressure region and draws more mass flow to inside the diffuser
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shroud in the wind turbine. They develop a flanged diffuser shroud and then optimize
size of the flange to obtain the more increase in wind speed near the diffuser entrance. The
model used was a circular diffuser with L/D = 1.5. It was found that the flange of around
h/D = 0.25 is most effective for the wind acceleration. It should be remember that the
diffuser length decided the most effective size of a flange L. by using this concept they
conducted a demonstration experiment of power production of a shrouded wind turbine
with a flanged diffuser both in the field experiments and wind tunnel. To obtain a higher
power output of the shrouded wind turbine, they installed the flanged diffuser with a wind
turbine for the optimal form of power. Namely, it gives various shape parameters of the
flanged diffuser such as the diffuser opening angle, flange height, hub ratio, center body
length, inlet shroud and so on. Result of this studies are the wind turbine equipped with a
flanged diffuser shroud gives power output is about 4–5 times compared to a bare wind
turbine.
Sheng-Huan Wang and Shih-Hsiung Chen (2009) have studied By using a cascading
arrangement the wind turbines should be installed, which is resulting in an economy of
land, space and money. However, few studies have been conducted on the effect of
cascaded diffuser augmented wind turbines on the integral efficiency. The aim of this
study, therefore, finds out the interference effect for cascaded diffuser augmented wind
turbines. In their studies two capacities of 200 W diffuser augmented wind turbines are
accepted as experimental models and set up in the test section of the wind tunnel. The
power production rate of the wind turbines are measured at various crosswind degrees
with the different distances between the two yaw centers of the wind turbines. Results
show that when the crosswind is less 45 degrees, the interference effect was low and the
power outputs have very little to do with the distance between the two yaw centers of the
wind turbines. To conclude, this study importance in explaining the interference between
the two wind turbines, as well as in supporting engineers with a better understanding of
how to install cascaded wind turbines effectually. When the crosswind is less than 45
degrees, loss of total power outputs are slight with increasing angles of crosswinds and
the ratios of power coefficient have very little to do with the distance between the two
yaw centers of the wind turbines. When the crosswind is larger than 45 degrees, the cut-in
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wind speed of the downstream wind turbine becomes higher and the ratios of power
coefficient drop rapidly with the decreasing DYC/DD. The results show that the ducted
wind turbines can work in the region of 180 degrees by adopting a closely cascading
arrangement. Although the working region is narrower, the capacity of the installed wind
turbine increases. Furthermore, the ducted wind turbines can work in the region of 240
degrees by adopting a sparsely cascading arrangement, although the capacity of the
installed wind turbine will decrease. Therefore this study details how to install cascading
wind turbines that will work efficiently. By using a closely cascading arrangement in the
seasonal wind farm the capacity can be raised. Furthermore, by using a sparsely cascading
arrangement in the unsteady wind farm the working region can be extended.
Sandip A. Kale et al. (2013) have analysed CFD results of three different geometry of
diffuser, First CFD analysis is carried out for the diffuser without flange. From the
velocity and pressure contour plot it is observed that there is significant pressure drop
inside the diffuser and hence velocity is also increased.. It is observed that velocity at the
centre of the diffuser increased up to 8.30 m/s and at tip of blade as 12.5 m/s. Second
simulation is carried out for diffuser with vertical flange. From pressure contour plot , it is
clear that the vertical flange directly resists wind flow and changes the path of wind and
vortex formation takes place exactly back side of flange. Due to vortex formation, there is
slight increase in negative pressure in the diffuser which helps to accelerate the flow
through diffuser. It is observed that velocity through diffuser along central axis is 9.40 m/s
and that on the tip of blade is 12.3 m/s. In inclined flange diffuser, flange is inclined at 10̊.
From the pressure contour plot ,it is observed that vortex is shifted to mean flow path of
diffuser and hence negative pressure at the downstream of the diffuser which accelerate
the flow results in increase in mean velocity in the diffuser. It is seen that velocity
increased to maximum of 13.4 m/s at the tip of turbine and nearly 10 m/s at the centre of
diffuser. By comparing three parameter from CFD analysis i.e. velocity, pressure drop
across diffuser and static pressure on the diffuser, it is observed that inclined flanged
diffuser is better than diffuser without flange and diffuser with vertical flange. Vortex
formed at the downstream side of the inclined flanged diffuser is in mean flow path of air
while vertical flanged diffuser is away from mean flow path so flow of air is much more
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accelerated than diffuser without flange and diffuser with vertical flange. From CFD
results of three different geometry of diffuser, it is found that diffuser with inclined flange
gives best performance. The diffuser with inclined flange shows 40.3% increase in
velocity, diffuser with vertical flange shows 34.28% increase in velocity and diffuser
without flange shows 18.57 % increase in velocity along the central axis in the plane of
rotor rotation. Vertical flanged diffuser shows poor performance than inclined flanged
diffuser due to high pressure on diffuser and flange and lower velocity of wind in the
diffuser.
2.1 Outcome of Literature Review
From the literature knows that Diffuser augmented wind turbine has been studied over the
last five decade. Number of researchers worked to establish design and manufacturing the
economic feasibility of diffuser augmented wind turbine also find out power produced by
the wind turbine is proportional to the cubic power of the wind velocity. Now a day’s
researchers carried out additional development likewise they makes flanged diffuser
augmented wind turbine which gives better performance. Vertical flanged diffuser is
manufactured and then in next progressive work the inclined flanged compact diffuser
developed which gives better performance than the vertical flanged diffuser. But by using
single diffuser there is a problem at the installation and transportation hence in this project
we are going to focus on the feasibility aspects of diffuser augmented wind turbines for
specific rotor diameters (1.2m, 2m, 3m). Material used for the diffuser and supporting
system is studied from this literature and select the material for this project. Also the
analysis of various types of diffuser are studied from the literature and obtained the range
of stress and velocity range which is applied in this work.
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CHAPTER 3:
METHODOLOGY
16
METHODOLOGY
For completing a project work, a feasibility of diffuser augmented
wind turbine is required for 1.2m, 2m, 3m rotor diameter and following methodology
was set.
 Literature review
Collect the information about diffuser augmented wind turbine from the research
papers, journals, Reports and from websites. Collected information from the papers
and other sources is shown in literature review.
 Develop CAD models of DAWT for rotor diameters 1.2m, 2m and 3m.
From the study knows that Single diffuser installation and transportation is difficult.
Weight of single diffuser is high so it is not handled easily and cost of transportation
and installation is more. To overcome of this problem solution is find out. 1.2m and
2m rotor diameter diffuser is splited in four parts.3m rotor diameter is splited in six
parts. By splitting diffuser in parts weight of diffuser is reduced, transportation and
installation cost is reduced. Finalize the design of diffuser and supports given to that
diffuser on the basis of weight reduction of assembly.
 FEA Analysis of finalized models
FEA Analysis is carried out of these models by using ANSYS. Then check the results
are within permissible limit or not. If Results are not in permissible limit then add the
support in previous model and analyze new model and again check the results. Check
the feasibility of diffuser for three rotor diameter.
 Result and conclusion
Finalize the models for 1.2m, 2m and 3m. Different improvements can be carried out
to enhance the performance and to achieve the weight reduction and reduce cost of
transportation and installation.
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3.1Work Methodology:
Work Methodology
Study of diffuser augmented wind turbine
Finalizing dimensions of diffuser for 1.2m, 2m and 3m

rotor diameter
Finalizing design of supports given to the diffuser
Modeling of Diffusers for three rotor diameters
Finite element analysis of diffusers for different rotor

diameters with different thickness
Comparison between values of different parameters of

diffuser for three rotor diameters
Conclusion
Figure.3.1 Work Methodology Flowchart
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CHAPTER 4:
SYSTEM SKETCH
19
4.1 Introduction:
To research and develop one potential solution to improve the overall utility of a
small scale wind turbine. This will be accomplished by attaching a Diffuser to the turbine
and increasing the air flow through the turbine. In final form, this diffuser would be
attached to a small scale wind turbine and used in conjunction with a battery storage unit
to provide electricity to a small village.
However, this project is focused solely on the design and development of the
shroud attachment that will be used on the wind turbine. The sketch below demonstrates
the application of a wind turbine that has been equipped with the shroud.
4.2Basic principle :
A diffuser augmented wind turbine (DAWT) includes an additional aerodynamic
structure around the periphery of the rotor which increase mass flow rate by producing a
low pressure region behind the rotor. DAWTs have been studied by many researchers for
several decades.
Figure.4.1 System level sketch of shrouded small wind turbine
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Figure 1.7 provides a simplified diagram of shrouded wind turbine can
integrate with an Electrification system. The electric current generated from wind turbine
would be stored either to DC storage system such as a battery bank or through an inverter
to provide AC power to an electrical grid. This effectively demonstrates that by
introducing shroud to the system does not interrupt the normal operation process of the
wind turbine, which suggests the possibility of implementation on both new and existing
electrification systems. This shrouded small wind turbine increases two to three times
more power than the conventional wind turbine.
4.3Feasibility aspects of diffuser

4.3.1 Size
The size of diffuser should be small because large sizes of diffuser are created the
problems for transportation and installation. The cost of transportation increased when the
diffuser size is large and also there is problem for lifting the diffuser at some height. The
size of diffuser is more then the diffuser is splited in the parts and then connect the splited
parts at the installation time. By splitting the diffuser in parts, its transportation cost is
reduced and also a chance of damage is less.
4.3.2Weight
Weight of diffuser should be low. Material for diffuser is selected which have the low
density and high strength. Steel and aluminium density are 7850 Kg/, 2700 Kg/
respectively. By using these materials weight of diffuser increases and also cost of these
materials is high. Density of FRP is 1600-1800 Kg/. Thus the FRP, CFRP and GFRP
materials are selected for diffuser having less density and cost of material is less than steel
and aluminium.
4.3.3Design
It is the most important aspect of feasibility. Design depends on number of aspects like
support, structure, no. of pieces of diffuser and weight.
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4.3.4Cost
Cost of diffuser should be low. Cost of diffuser is depend on number of factors like cost
of material, manufacturing cost, size of diffuser ,transportation, etc
4.3.5Transportation
When the size of diffuser is large then the transportation cost is more. The diffuser should
not damage at the time of transportation. Thus the size of diffuser should be small which
transport is easily and without damage
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CHAPTER 5
PRINCIPLE:.
23
PRINCIPLE:.
5.1Aim of project:
Most studies focused on development of a diffuser which is added to a horizontal
axis wind turbine (HAWT) rotor, it produces more power than the traditional wind
turbine.
Additional power is produced when a diffuser is added to a rotor because of
increased air mass flow rate being captured by the rotor due to exit pressure is low. As
Compared to traditional wind turbine, DAWTs should be capable of increased power
output at low wind speeds and have reduced losses when operating in yawed states.
DAWTs have lower losses, which increases efficiency while reducing aerodynamic noise
generation at the blade tips.
5.2Basic Principle:
A diffuser augmented wind turbine (DAWT) includes an additional aerodynamic
structure around the periphery of the rotor which increase mass flow rate by producing a
low pressure region behind the rotor. DAWTs have been studied by many researchers for
several decades
Figure5.1 wind turbine shrouded by a flanged diffuser
24
5.3Design and construction:
Main article: Wind turbine design
5.4OPERATION:
DAWTs should improved performance in turbulent conditions, experience
lower rates of bird strikes, and have reduced maintenance requirements due to the
diffuser’s ability to shield the rotor from precipitation. Disadvantages of DAWTs include
increased system complexity, including the need to manufacture, maintain relatively large
diffuser structures and also Installation cost increases .The additional mass and
aerodynamic drag of a diffuser also means that a designer must strengthen the tower and
foundation.
The concept of diffuser is to increase the power output of a wind turbine
by accelerating the wind velocity that approaches to the wind turbine. To increase the
wind velocity, a lower pressure would appear at the end of the wind turbine to act as a
vacuum to suck the wind and accelerate it towards the blades as shown in Fig. 1.5. At the
25
end of diffuser region surround or near the vortex formation would have typically lower
pressure where the suction force will be formed by the vortex. Therefore, it will act as an
accelerator to accelerate the wind velocity approaching the wind turbine.
It was stated that vortex core will collapse the pressure field flow reversal
and therefore no augmentation occurs. This statement showed the alternative approach,
where the vortex is used to generate a low pressure region in the wake of the turbine.
Vortex should appear at the wake of the diffuser but as little as possible inside the diffuser
wall.
Figure.5.2. Schematic Cross-Sectional View of a Flanged Diffuser and Wind Speed

Increasing Flow Mechanism
If the vortices formed inside the diffuser, the pressure inside the diffuser might
Be lower than the pressure at the back of the wind turbine. In this circumstance, the wind
speed exiting the diffuser augmented wind turbine will be decelerated and this only
provides very low power coefficients.
To get optimum increased acceleration on the wind speed, the pressure inside the
wind turbine should not be lower than the pressure at the wake of the diffuser. This can be
achieved by reducing or avoiding separation of fluid flow on the inner diffuser wall and
cause vortices while creating as much vortices as possible at the back.
26
Figure.5.3. Prototype wind turbine with a flanged diffuser shroud
This is the first prototype of a shrouded wind turbine equipped with a flanged
diffuser (500W class). The diffuser length of this prototype is 1.25 times as long as the
diameter of the diffuser entrance D (L= 1.25D, D= 0.72 m). The height of the flange h is
0.5D. The rotor diameter is 0.7 m.
5.5 OBJECTIVES:
The purpose of the wind lens is to improve the wind turbines power generating capability
by:
1. Check high efficiency diffuser amongst straight diffuser, stepped diffuser, curved
diffuser, bumped diffuser .
2. Increasing the wind kinetic energy through the rotor while maintaining reasonable
wind turbine system axial loads.
3. Increasing wind turbine rotor speed.
4. Reducing variation in wind speed

5. To design small wind turbine blades for developing 1 kW power output.
27
6. To design and develop new aerofoil for small wind turbine blades.
7. Aerodynamic design of small wind turbine blade analytically.
8. Comparison of new aerofoil's with existing aerofoils.
9. To evaluate design parameters with the help of software packages.
10. Aerodynamic performance Analysis of wind turbine blades by Q-blade software.
11. Comparison of performance of blade by analytically and using Q-blade software.
12. Wind turbine blade aerofoil testing in the wind tunnel and validation of airfoils of
small wind turbine blade
5.6 Mechanical Properties of Metals

Supports of Diffuser are made of Structural Steel. The mechanical properties of
the metals are those which are associated with the ability of the material to resist
mechanical forces and load. These mechanical properties of the metal include strength,
stiffness, elasticity, plasticity, ductility, brittleness, malleability, toughness, resilience,
creep and hardness. We shall now discuss these properties as follows:
 Strength. It is the ability of a material to resist the externally applied forces without
breaking or yielding. The internal resistance offered by a part to an externally applied
force is called stress.
 Stiffness. It is the ability of a material to resist deformation under stress. The modulus
of elasticity is the measure of stiffness.
 Elasticity. It is the property of a material to regain its original shape after deformation
when the external forces are removed. This property is desirable for materials used in
tools and machines.
 Plasticity. It is property of a material which retains the deformation produced under
load permanently.
 Ductility. It is the property of a material enabling it to be drawn into wire with the
application of a tensile force. A ductile material must be both strong and plastic. The
ductility is usually measured by the terms, percentage elongation and percentage
reduction in area. The ductile material commonly used in engineering practice are
mild steel, copper, aluminium, nickel, zinc, tin and lead.
28
 Brittleness. It is the property of a material opposite to ductility. It is the property of
breaking of a material with little permanent distortion. Brittle materials when
subjected to tensile loads snap off without giving any sensible elongation.
 Toughness. It is the property of a material to resist fracture due to high impact loads
like hammer blows. The toughness of the material decreases when it is heated. It is
measured by the amount of energy that a unit volume of the material has absorbed
after being stressed up to the point of fracture. This property is desirable in parts
subjected to shock and impact loads.
 Machinability. It is the property of a material which refers to a relative case with
which a material can be cut. The Machinability of a material can be measured in a
number of ways such as comparing the tool life for cutting different materials or
thrust required to remove the material at some given rate or the energy required to
remove a unit volume of the material.
 Resilience. It is the property of a material to absorb energy and to resist shock and
impact loads. It is measured by the amount of energy absorbed per unit volume within
elastic limit. This property is essential for spring materials.
 Creep. When a part is subjected to a constant stress at high temperature for a long
period of time, it will undergo a slow and permanent deformation called creep. This
property is considered in designing internal combustion engines, boilers and turbines.
 Fatigue. When a material is subjected to repeated stresses, it fails at stresses below
the yield point stresses. Such type of failure of a material is known as fatigue.
29
Chapter 6:
DESIGN
30
DESIGN
6.1 Specifications
Specifications of the Diffuser used in this project are as follows
D Rotor Diameter
𝐷1 Inlet Diameter
𝐷2 Throat Diameter
𝐷3 Exit Diameter
𝐷4 Flange Diameter
𝐿1 Length of Diffuser
𝐿2 Length of Flange
All these specifications are shown in the figure
Figure.6.1 Specifications of diffuser
31
CHAPTER 7:
COMPONENTS OF SYSTEM
32
COMPONENTS OF SYSTEM
In general, all wind turbines consist of a rotor, a generator and tower. However,
large utility scale turbines are more complex than small turbines. Virtually all commercial
utility scale turbines have an active yaw system to point the rotor to face the wind and a
gearbox that turns the generator at a faster rotation rate than the rotor for producing
electricity efficiently. On the other hand, small turbines usually use tails or a downwind
configuration to passively point the rotor to windward, and many small wind turbines
directly connect the rotor and generator, without a gearbox. The rotor hub is the
component that usually holds the blades and connects them to main shaft of the wind
machine. It is a key component not only because it holds the blades in their proper
position for maximum aerodynamic efficiency, it also rotates to drive the generator. Hubs
come in many different shapes and configurations, mostly dependent on the type of the
generator used and the design of the rotor blades. The first type of the hub incorporates
the hub with the housing containing the magnets for the permanent magnet alternator. For
Smaller machines, rotor blades are bolted directly to a plate welded to the housing or can
that holds the magnets.
This hub also includes a bearing that slips on a fixed shaft. The Second type of
hub is attached rigidly to a rotating main shaft that connects to a gearbox to increase the
rotational speed up to the operating speed of the generator.
7.1Rotor
33
The rotor is the most important component in a wind turbine, designed to
capture wind energy and convert it into rotating mechanical energy. The rotor should be
strong enough to stand steady, periodic and randomly changing loads. The rotor assembly
consists of several blades joined to a common hub, a cone nose and fasteners. The blade is
component of the rotor, and consists of the aerofoil’s which interact with the wind and
convert the wind energy into mechanical energy.
The geometry and dimensions of the blades are determined by the performance
requirements of the wind turbine. Two fundamental issues must be considered
simultaneously in the blade design process: aerodynamic performance and structural
design. It is common that the root of the blade must be redesigned to meet structural
requirements.
The hub is the part which transmits all the power and loads from the blades to
the main shaft. There are three types of hubs: rigid, teetering and hinged. A rigid hub is
the simplest and most common; it supports the blades in fixed positions relative to the
main shaft.
7.2Generator
In all electricity generating wind turbines, a generator converts the mechanical
power from the rotating wind blades into electrical power. Induction generators and
synchronous generators are among the most common generators in large wind turbines.
Most small wind turbines use direct drive generators, which are actually special
synchronous generators with enough poles to enable generator work well at the same
speed of wind turbine rotor.
34
7.3Nacelle
Nacelle of a wind turbine The turbine nacelle houses for bearings supporting
the hub, generator, tail assembly and Yaw bearings. A nacelle cover protects these
components from sunlight, rain, ice and snow.
7.4Tail Assembly
Most small wind turbines point into the wind using a tail assembly. A tail
assembly usually consists of tail fin and tail boom, which are the primary components of
the yaw system, keeping the turbine pointed into the wind. Larger turbines generally
dispense with a tail since as the turbine size increases, the weight and loads associated
with a tail become excessive. Instead, larger turbines use an active yaw system in which
geared motors point the turbine into the wind based on the readings of wind direction
sensors mounted on the nacelle. In many small wind turbines, the tail assembly includes
an auto-furling system. Furling is the most popular mechanism in small turbines to limit
rotor speed, power output and wind loads in extreme winds.
In the turbines from these companies, the rotor is installed eccentrically with
respect to the yaw axis (or vertical axis). The rotor thrust produces a moment about the
yaw axis. Furling occurs if the thrust becomes too great: the rotor pivots relative to the tail
fin, which is hinged where it joins the main frame, with the effect of turning the rotor to
face away from the prevailing wind
direction.
7.5Controller
35
Controller technology for wind turbines ranges widely from dynamic control
systems to supervisory control systems and computer, which vary on different wind
turbine systems. Small wind turbines can utilize a controller to covert the variable, noisy
power from the generator into a steady direct current at an appropriate voltage for
charging batteries.
Figure. 7.1Composition of a typical small wind turbine
7.6Tower
In a typical wind turbine project, the cost of the tower constitutes about 20-30%
of the total cost of the project. Therefore, selection and optimization of the tower
structural system are still very important to develop a structurally and economically
reliable wind turbine. Two types of structural systems: lattice and tubular, are often used
for wind turbines. Tubular systems are formed by rolling steel plates and joining them by
flange bolted connections. Due to their aesthetically pleasing look and predictable
dynamic and fatigue properties, they are more commonly preferred in the industry.
However, as the height of the tower increases, the thickness of the tubular sections
becomes very large and this results in an increase in the manufacturing cost.
36
In addition, it becomes more challenging to transport and mount these heavy
steel sections in the field. On the other hand, lattice systems are formed by connecting L
shaped steel profiles through bolting. The truss action and larger base dimensions of this
system helps resist the applied loads more effectively leading to a lighter structural
design.
7.7 Inverter:
Apower inverter is an electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC)
or alternating current(AC).
The input voltage, output voltage and frequency and overall power handling depend on
the design of spcecific device or circurity. The inverter does not produce any power; the
power is provided by yhe DC source.
A power inverter can be entirely electronic or may be a combination of mechanical
effects (such as rotary apparatus) and electronic circurity. Static inverters do not use
moving parts in the conversion process.
7.8Types of wind turbine :
The three primary types: VAWT Savonius, HAWT towered; VAWT Darrieus as they
appear in operation
Wind turbines can rotate about either a horizontal or a vertical axis, the former being both
older and more common. They can also include blades, or be bladeless Vertical designs
produce less power and are less common.
37
7.8.1Horizontal axis
Horizontal-axis wind turbines have the main rotor shaft and electrical
generator at the top of a tower, and must be pointed into the wind. Most have a gearbox,
which turns the slow rotation of the blades into a quicker rotation that is more suitable to
drive an electrical generator. Since a tower produces turbulence behind it, the turbine is
usually pointed upwind of the tower. Turbine blades are made stiff to prevent the blades
from being pushed into the tower by high winds. Additionally, the blades are placed a
considerable distance in front of the tower and are sometimes tilted up a small amount.
Downwind machines have been built, despite the problem of turbulence, because they
don't need an additional mechanism for keeping them in line with the wind, and because
in high winds the 3 blades can be allowed to bend which reduces their swept area and thus
their wind resistance. Since cyclic (that is repetitive) turbulence may lead to fatigue
failures most Horizontal axis wind turbines are upwind machines. Table 1.2 shows the
detailed classification of wind turbine blades.
Onshore Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines in Zhangjiakou, China
38
Large three-bladed horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWT) with the blades
upwind of the tower produce the overwhelming majority of wind power in the world
today. These turbines have the main rotor shaft and electrical generator at the top of a
tower, and must be pointed into the wind. Small turbines are pointed by a simple wind
vane, while large turbines generally use a wind sensor coupled with a yaw system. Most
have a gearbox, which turns the slow rotation of the blades into a quicker rotation that is
more suitable to drive an electrical generator
7.8.2Advantages of horizontal axis wind turbine

a. Variable blade pitch, which gives the turbine blades the optimum angle of attack.
b. It allows the angle of attack to be remotely adjusted which gives greater control, so
that the turbine converts the maximum amount of wind energy.
c. The tall tower base allows access to stronger wind in sites with wind shear. In
some wind shear sites, every ten meters up, the wind speed can increase by 20%
and the power output by 34%.
d. High efficiency: since the blades always moves perpendicularly to the wind,
receiving power through the whole rotation. In contrast, all vertical axis wind
turbines, and most proposed airborne wind turbine designs, involve various types
of reciprocating actions, requiring airfoil surfaces to backtrack against the wind for
part of the cycle. Backtracking against the wind leads to inherently lower
efficiency.
7.8.3Limitations of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine
a. The tall towers and blades up to 90 meters long are difficult to transport.
Transportation can now cost 20% of equipment costs.
b. Tall Horizontal axis wind turbines are difficult to install, needing very tall and
expensive cranes and skilled operators.
c. Massive tower construction is required to support the heavy blades, gearbox, and
generator.
d. Horizontal axis wind turbines require an additional yaw control mechanism to turn
the blades toward the wind [2].
39
A turbine blade convoy passing through Edenfield, England
Offshore Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs) at Scroby Sands Wind Farm, England
7.8.4A vertical axis Twisted Savonius type turbine:
40
Vertical-axis wind turbines (or VAWTs) have the main rotor shaft
arranged vertically. One advantage of this arrangement is that the turbine does not need to
be pointed into the wind to be effective, which is an advantage on a site where the wind
direction is highly variable. It is also an advantage when the turbine is integrated into a
building because it is inherently less steerable. Also, the generator and gearbox can be
placed near the ground, using a direct drive from the rotor assembly to the ground-based
gearbox, improving accessibility for maintenance. However, these designs produce much
less energy averaged over time, which is a major drawback.
The key disadvantages include the relatively low rotational speed with
the consequential higher torque and hence higher cost of the drive train, the inherently
lower power coefficient, the 360-degree rotation of the aerofoil within the wind flow
during each cycle and hence the highly dynamic loading on the blade, the pulsating torque
generated by some rotor designs on the drive train, and the difficulty of modelling the
wind flow accurately and hence the challenges of analysing and designing the rotor prior
to fabricating a prototype.
When a turbine is mounted on a rooftop the building generally redirects

wind over the roof and this can double the wind speed at the turbine. If the height of a
rooftop mounted turbine tower is approximately 50% of the building height it is near the
optimum for maximum wind energy and minimum wind turbulence. While wind speeds
within the built environment are generally much lower than at exposed rural sites, noise
may be a concern and an existing structure may not adequately resist the additional stress.
Subtypes of the vertical axis design include:
7.8.5Darrieus wind turbine:
"Eggbeater" turbines, or Darrieus turbines, were named after the French inventor, Georges
Darrieus. They have good efficiency, but produce large torque ripple and cyclical stress
on the tower, which contributes to poor reliability. They also generally require some
external power source, or an additional Savonius rotor to start turning, because the starting
torque is very low. The torque ripple is reduced by using three or more blades, which
41
results in greater solidity of the rotor. Solidity is measured by blade area divided by the
rotor area. Newer Darrieus type turbines are not held up by guy-wires but have an external
superstructure connected to the top bearing.
7.8.6Giromill:
A subtype of Darrieus turbine with straight, as opposed to curved, blades. The

cycloturbine variety has variable pitch to reduce the torque pulsation and is self-
starting. The advantages of variable pitch are: high starting torque; a wide, relatively flat
torque curve; a higher coefficient of performance; more efficient operation in turbulent
winds; and a lower blade speed ratio which lowers blade bending stresses. Straight, V, or
curved blades may be used.
7.8.7Savonius wind turbine:
These are drag-type devices with two (or more) scoops that are used in
anemometers, Flettner vents (commonly seen on bus and van roofs), and in some high-
reliability low-efficiency power turbines. They are always self-starting if there are at least
three scoops.
Twisted Savonius is a modified savonius, with long helical scoops to provide smooth
torque. This is often used as a rooftop wind turbine and has even been adapted for ships.
7.8.8Parallel:
The parallel turbine is similar to the crossflow fan or centrifugal fan. It uses the ground
effect. Vertical axis turbines of this type have been tried for many years: a unit producing
10 kW was built by Israeli wind pioneer Bruce Brill in the 1980s.
7.8.9Unconventional types:
Main article: Unconventional wind turbines
42
Counter-rotating wind turbine
7.9Composition of A Small Wind Turbine

In general, all wind turbines consist of a rotor, generator and tower. However,
large utility scale turbines are more complex than small turbines. Virtually all commercial
utility scale turbines have an active yaw system to point the rotor to face the wind and a
gearbox that turns the generator at a faster rotation rate than the rotor for producing
electricity efficiently [1]. On the other hand, small turbines usually use tails or a
downwind configuration to passively point the rotor to windward, and many small wind
turbines directly connect the rotor and generator, without a gearbox. Fig 1.6 shows the
main components of a common small wind turbine.
43
Chapter 8:
MODELING
44
CAD MODELING
CAD Modeling of Diffuser augmented wind turbine
The CAD modeling of the Assembly of wind turbine with diffuser is done by using
CATIA V5. During stress analysis, the survival wind speed considered as 30 m/s so it can
sustain gust period. Boundary conditions are Pressure applied to the diffuser is
0.0005625Mpa and bottom plate is a fixed support. This plate is then bolted with the yaw
mechanism. Properties measured as per ASTM are used in finite Element Analysis (FEA).
FEA results showed that the stresses induced on diffuser and on the support given to the
diffuser are shown in figure for 1.2m, 2m, 3m model. Deformation of the models and
strain acting on diffuser are also shown in following figures
45
CHAPTER 9:
COSTING:
COSTING:
46
While the material cost is significantly lower for all-glass fiber blades than for
hybrid glass/carbon fiber blades, there is a potential for tremendous savings in
manufacturing costs when labor price is considered. Utilizing carbon fiber enables for
simpler designs that use less raw material.
The chief manufacturing process in blade fabrication is the layering of plies. By

reducing the number of layers of plies, as is enabled by thinner blade design, the cost of
labor may be decreased, and in some cases, equate to the cost of labor for glass fiber
blades.
Quantitative costs and benefits are those characteristics of the project that can be
quantified in monetary terms. The project costs involve the capital cost of the equipment
which also includes the transport, assembly and installation costs. Costs are also ongoing,
such as the cost of replacement parts or labour during the annual maintenance program.
As described in Section 4.3.3 the Australian Government provides incentives that enable
the quantitative costs to be reduced and the benefits increased. The project benefits are
more difficult to quantify.
47
CHAPTER 10:
DISCCUSION
DISCCUSION
48
3 Selection of Material for support of diffuser
The selection of a proper material, for engineering purposes, is one of the most
difficult problems for the designer. The best material is one which serves the desired
objective at the minimum cost. It is not always easy to select such a material and the
process may involve the trial and error method. The following factors should be
considered while selecting the material
1. Suitability of the materials for the working conditions in service,
2. Availability of the materials, and
3. The cost of the materials.
The material should be readily available for in the market, in large enough
quantities to meet the requirement. Cast iron and aluminum alloys are always available in
abundance while shortage of lead and copper alloy is a common experience. For every
49
application, there is a limiting cost beyond which designer cannot go. When this limit is
exceeded, the designer has to consider other alternative materials. It is likely that the cost
of material might be low, but the processing may be involved costly manufacturing
operations. The important properties, which determine the utility of the material, are
physical, chemical and mechanical properties.
4 Issues and challenges for use of Diffuser augmented wind turbine

Diffuser augmented wind turbines are used rarely because
 Size of diffuser is large for large rotor diameter and it gives problem in errection at
particular height of wind turbine.
 Weight of diffuser is more which create complication for assembly of wind turbine.
 Transportation cost increases when carrying single piece diffuser.
50
CHAPTER 11:
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
Use of Small wind turbine is a promising option for rural electrification,

domestic purpose etc. to cater to the ever increasing need of energy. For developing new
wind turbine blade the selection of suitable aerofoil’s and suitable design theory are
important factors which proves to give greater performance of wind turbine as compared
to others. The design of the blade profile is carried out analytically is evaluated by using a
commercial software package Q-blade for different input parameters. New designed
MS1001 amd MS1005 profiles have higher values of Cl/Cd and higher values of power
and thrust coefficients than that of the other profiles.
The overall performance of small wind turbine blade is improved by using

thick profile at root sections and thin profile at tip sections. This can be acehived by using
MS1001 profile at the three root sections and MS1005 profile at remaining 8 sections.The
51
comparison of the profiles it is found that for combination of MS profiles, coefficient of
power is 0.5 and coefficient of thrust is 0.78 at tip speed ratio of 7.
These values are higher than that of NACA,SG. MS profiles have larger
values of power coefficient which will result in increased power output. Also airfoils
testing of blade aerofoil sections are carried out in wind tunnel. The actual value of
coefficient of lift and coefficient of drag are compared with theoretical value. From this
comparison it is clear that MS profiles are become suitable options for design of small
wind turbine blade.
CHAPTER 12:
52
FUTURE SCOPE
12.1SCOPE OF THE WORK
53
Up till now the many scientist have done several experiment on wind lens
by constructing prototype model and doing the validation by numerical method. The
overall design is inspired by recent research into shroud and wind lens flow augmentation.
An annular ring with an airfoil cross section is used to channel the flow toward the turbine
rotor. A diffuser or brim portion behind the annular channel is designed to generate
vortices behind the turbine rotor, which in turn create a lower pressure region behind the
wind lens that augments the flow through the rotor.
12.2Organization of Report
This report is suitably distributed into seven chapter’s viz. Introduction,
Literature Review, objective and methodology, Design and Calculations, Modeling and
Analysis, Results and Discussion, Conclusion and Future Scope.
The first chapter consists of the brief information about energy scenario in
India, state wise wind power, components of wind turbine, Diffuser Augmented Wind
Turbine(DAWT), problem statement. At the end of this chapter the organization of whole
dissertation is described shortly. In second chapter, the work that has been carried out
previously has been described in detail.
At the end, summary and outcome of this previous study has been described.
The third chapter named as Objective and Methodology. Fourth chapter consists of the
Design is specified. The fifth chapter consists of Modeling and Analysis of finalized
model of diffuser with support and its simulation is carried out. The sixth chapter talks
about the comparison of results of diffuser for different rotor diameter. At the end, in
seventh chapter contains conclusion and future scope of this dissertation.
Problem Statement
Long times ago diffuser augmented wind turbines (DAWT) are used. With the help of
diffuser power output is increased as compared to bare wind turbine. Power output is two
to three times more than the bare wind turbine. But diffuser augmented wind turbines are
used rarely because the size of diffuser is large, transportation cost increased and also
54
assembly of diffuser augmented wind turbine is very complicated. When the single
diffuser is splited in parts then its size is reduced, weight of parts becomes less than single
diffuser and it is easily transported in medium size transportation vehicles like tempo,
auto-rickshaw, etc. It reduces the cost of transportation and at the time of assembly the
parts are easily handled.
12.3Resources
Wind Power Density (WPD) is a quantitative measure of wind energy available at any
location. It is the mean annual power available per square meter of swept area of a
turbine, and is calculated for different heights above ground. Calculation of wind power
density includes the effect of wind velocity and air density.
Wind turbines are classified by the wind speed they are designed for, from class I to class
III, with A to C referring to the turbulence intensity of the wind. [14]
Class Avg Wind Speed Turbulenc

(m/s) e
IA 10 16%
IB 10 14%
IC 10 12%
IIA 8.5 16%
IIB 8.5 14%
55
IIC 8.5 12%
IIIA 7.5 16%
IIIB 7.5 14%
IIIC 7.5 12%
56
CHAPTER 13:
REFERENCES
REFERENCES
57
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58
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turbines ”, (2006),Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sydney, N.S.W.
2006, Australia
10. K. M. FOREMAN, B. GILBERT and R. A.OMAN,“Diffuser augmentation of wind

turbines”,(1976), Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Research Department, Grumman
Aerospace Corporation, Bethpage, NY 11714, U.S.A.
11. ERIC SAM NORTRUP, “Cfd study of diffuser geometry effects on diffuser
augmented wind turbine performance”,(2010),Thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-
Champaign, 2010 IE
212 K. M. Foreman, “,Preliminary Design and Economic Investigations of Diffuser

Augmented Wind Turbines (DAWT)”,(1981) Research Department Grumman Aerospace
Corporation Bethpage, New York 11714
13.K. M. Foreman B. L. Gilbert,“Further Investigations Of Diffuser Augmented Wind

Turbines Part 1–Executive Summary” (1979), Research Department Grumman Aerospace
Corporation Bethpage, New YorkO1114
14. Jun-Feng Hu and Wen-Xue Wang, “Upgrading a Shrouded Wind Turbine with a Self-
Adaptive Flanged Diffuser”,(2015), energies ISSN 1996-1073
59
function. Also 1.2m, 2m rotor diameter diffusers are effective and work out for specific
Functions.
Pressure plot
Pressure plot is carried out to find out the value of pressure that is acting on the diffuser.
60

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GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC,PEN

(AFFILATED BY MAHARASTRA STATE BOARD OF

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

This is certify that the following students of THIRD YEAR MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING completed the project work on "diffuser augmented wind

turbine" as a partial fulfilment and academic requiredment for diploma

inMechanical Engineering as prescribed by MSBTE.

Sr. No. Name of student Entroll.No. Roll No

1 Pawan Wasudev Bhagat 16012900 3514

2 Dhiranjali P. Thakur 1601290032 3517

3 Sushmita D. Mhatre 1601290055 3523

4 Hrishikesh A. More 16012900 3540

Trinity College of Engineering and Research, M.E. (Mechanical) (Design Engineering)

I feel great pleasure in expressing my deepest sense of grattitude and sincered

This acknowledgment would be incomplete without expressing my special

Trinity College of Engineering and Research, M.E. (Mechanical) (Design Engineering)

Flanged Diffuser is collecting-accelerating device which shrouds a wind

Trinity College of Engineering and Research, M.E. (Mechanical) (Design Engineering)

1.3 State wise wind turbine

2. Chapter 2: LITREATURE REVIEW

3.2 Work Methodology flow chart

4. Chapter 4:SYSTEM SKETCH

4.2 Basic principle

4.4 Feasability aspects of diffuser

Trinity College of Engineering and Research, M.E. (Mechanical) (Design Engineering)

5.2 Design of construction

6. Chapter 6:COMPONENTS OF SYSTEM

6.7 Types of wind turbine

6.7.1 Horizontal wind turbine

6.7.2 Advantages of horizontal axis wind turbine

6.7.3 Limitations of horizontal axis wind turbine

6.7.4 Vertical axis wind turbine

6.7.5 Darrieus wind turbine

6.7.7 Savonius wind turbine

Trinity College of Engineering and Research, M.E. (Mechanical) (Design Engineering)

6.7.9 Unconvential wind turbine

6.8 Composition of small will turbine

10. Chapter10: :FUTURE SCOPE

10.2 Observational Report

10. Chapter 10: REFERANCES:

Trinity College of Engineering and Research, M.E. (Mechanical) (Design Engineering)

Trinity College of Engineering and Research, M.E. (Mechanical) (Design Engineering)

Table 1.1 Wind Energy Installed In State across India

STATE Capacity MW, as of march

Preliminary Design and Economic Investigations of Diffuser Augmented Wind

K.M.Foreman (1977) have investigated cost-effective diffuser augmentation of

M.T.S.Badawy and M.E.Aly (2000) have studied the theoretical demonstration

K. Abe, M. Nishida, A. Sakuraia, Y. Ohya, H. Kiharaa,E Wada, K. Sato (2005)

Toshio Matsushima, Shinya Takagi, Seiichi Muroyama (2005) have studied to

Y. Ohya et al.(2008) have developed wind turbine system consists of a shrouded

Study of diffuser augmented wind turbine

Finalizing dimensions of diffuser for 1.2m, 2m and 3m

Finalizing design of supports given to the diffuser

Modeling of Diffusers for three rotor diameters

Finite element analysis of diffusers for different rotor

Comparison between values of different parameters of

Figure.3.1 Work Methodology Flowchart

Figure.4.1 System level sketch of shrouded small wind turbine

4.3Feasibility aspects of diffuser

Figure5.1 wind turbine shrouded by a flanged diffuser

Main article: Wind turbine design

Figure.5.2. Schematic Cross-Sectional View of a Flanged Diffuser and Wind Speed

3. Increasing wind turbine rotor speed.