Predisposing Factors Precipitating Factors

- Familial History of - Diet (drinking

DM Insulin Resistance Softdrinks every
- Age above 40 after meals
- Sedentary lifestyle
Exhaustion of beta cells

Decreased secretion of
insulin

Absorption of glucose by
the cell

Cell starvation

Stimulation of hunger
mechanism via
hyperthalamus

Hunger

POLYPHAGIA

HYPERGLYCEMIA

Cappilary basement Cell starvation Increased blood viscosity

thickening

Kidney filtration impaired Thickening of blood vessels

Diffuse glomerular sclerosis

GLYCOSURIA Occlusion of plaque

Nephropathy

F&E Imbalance Blood flow blocked

RENAL FAILURE

Sodium Ions Lost HYPERTENSION

Decreased renal blood flow

Tissue dehydration A
Decreased glomerular
filtration
POLYDIPSIA
Hypertrophy of remaining
nephrons Loss of sodium in the urine

Inability to concentrate
HYPONATREMIA
urine

Further loss of nephron Loss of excretory renal

function function

Loss of nonexcretory renal Decrease excretion of Decrease sodium

function nitrogenous waste reabsorption in tubule

Failure to produce Impaired insulin Decrease uremia

erythopoietin action

Decrease uremia Increase

ANEMIA Erratic blood
BUN
glucose
Increase CREATININE
 A

Muskuloskeletal effects

Impaired absorption of
muscle tissue

Fatigue

Unable to turn side to side

Possible growth of K.
Pneumoniae

Inflammation response of
lungs

WBC migrates to area of

infection

RBC & Fibrin move to alveoli

Capillary leak spread of

infection into other lung
areas

Fibrin & edema of

inflammation stiffens lung

Alveolar collapse

Exudates digested enzymes

Provides excellent culture

media to increase spread of
organism

Local capillary leak, edema,

and exudates

Alveolar wall thickens

Cough, Sputum Production,

Crackles upon auscultation