CALCULATION SHEET

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COMMENTARY: Beam Design for Hogging Moment

DESIGN INPUT
Ultimate moment capacity = 96.845 kN-m. This is the ultimate capacity of the section. That below is factored from the characteristic loads.
Factored Moment at Support, Musupp = 33.40 kN-m Breadth of Section ,b = 250 mm
Ultimate Shear, Vu = 67.50 kN/m Depth of Section, D = 400 mm
Factored Moment at M.Span, Muspan = 27.50 kN-m Position main Reinforcement = 2 (1=B1/T1, 2=B2/T2)
Option = 1 Basic Cover, c =
(1 Full restraint, 2 partial, 3 close joints) 50 mm
Restraint Factor dist. bars, Rm = 0.50 Concrete , fcu = 25 N/mm2
Restraint Factor main bars, Rd = 0.50 Reinforcement, fy = 415 N/mm2
Target max crack width = 0.2 mm fct/fb = 0.67 [IS3370(Part 2)(Annex A)]
Ultimate Tension, Tu = kN/m Support type 3 0 grnd, 1 cant, 2 simp, 3 cont
Eff. depth main bars, d = 334 mm c= 50 mm
Ult. UDL for calc of shear at av = 0.00 kN/m Eff. depth stirrups, d = 346 mm c= 50 mm
Service Moment, Ms = 22.27 kNm/m d' = 53 mm

Beam Design Mesh, nw = 0

Top bars = 3 Nos Distribution bars = mm dia at
16 mm Dia Bars mm centres
Shear Stirrups = 8 mm dia
Bottom bars = 3 Nos at 150 mm c/c
20 mm Dia Bars and Legs = 2

Max. span (mm) of beam = 6000

DESIGN SUMMARY Top Bars Bottom Bars Shear Stirrups

As prov = 603 mm2 As prov = 942 mm2 As prov = 335 mm2
As req = 294 mm2 As req = 240 mm2
As min = 171 mm2 As min = 171 mm2
As therm = 315 mm2 As therm = 157 mm2
w max, flexure = 0.099 mm w max, thermal = 0.09 mm
w max, thermal = 0.104 mm

SHEAR
Calculated shear stress, v = 0.81 N/mm2 Invoke shear enhancement? 0 0 or 1
Basic ultimate shear capacity, vc = 0.00 N/mm2 Distance from support,av = mm
### Shear stress at av = 0.81 N/mm2
Enhanced stress = 0.00 N/mm2

TEMPERATURE EFFECTS
[IS3370(Part 2)(Annex A)] Centigrade Farenheit
Hydration temperature rise, T1 = 27 50
Seasonal variation, T2 = 20 60
Conc Coeff. Thermal expansion = 0.00001
Inst. modulus of elast. conc, Ec = 25.000 kN/mm2
Modulus of elast. steel, Es = 200 kN/mm2
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FLEXURE

Design of beam to IS 456-2000.

Ultimate Moment, Mu = 33.40 kNm/m Position Main Reinforcement = B2/T2 layer
Ultimate Shear, Vu = 67.50 kN/m Dia. Top reinforcement = 16 mm
Ultimate Tension, Tu = 0.00 kN/m with Number of bars 3 mm
Breadth of Section, b = 250 mm Dia. Bottom reinforcement = 20 mm
Depth of Section, D = 400 mm with Number of bars 3 mm
Cover, c = 50 mm Dia. Shear Reinforcement = 8 mm
Concrete , fcu = 25 N/mm2 with centres of 150 mm
Reinforcement, fy = 415 N/mm2 No of legs= 2
Effective depth main bars, d = 334 mm
Type of beam= SS Effective depth stirrups, d = 346 mm
Span / Effective de = 20 d' = 53 mm
R = Mu/(b*d^2) = 1.198 Mpa

Ptreq/100= Astreq/bd = (fcu/2fy)[1-√(1-4.598R/fcu)] = 0.00352

Astreq = 294.19 mm2 Ast provided = 603 mm2

0
Ast Min = 0.85*b*d/fy = 171 mm 2
(IS-456-2000,Cl 26.5.2.1)

Ast Max = 0.04*b*D 4000 mm2 (IS-456-2000,Cl 26.5.1.1)

SHEAR
Nominal shear stress = Vu/(b*d 0.81 N/mm2 (IS-456-2000,Cl 40.1)Provide shear stirrups
Max shear stress τcmax = 3.1 N/mm2
maximum shear stress.Hence,
Since, Nominal shear stressless than the size of the section is adequate
b= 8.239
Design shear strength τc = 0.42 N/mm2 (IS-456-2000,Table 19)
Design of vertical stirrups
Vus/d = 96.443 N/mm
Asv = 100.53 mm2
Spacing required Sv = 376.35 mm
Check for maximum spacing
Maximum allowable spacing is least of the following
1) = 300 mm
2) 0.75 times eff de = 250.5 mm
3) Spacing from min= 363 mm
shear r/f
Max allowable spac= 250.5 mm
of stirrups
Provided spacing of stir= 250 mm Ok

Therefore , Provide 8 mm dia two leggevertical stirru @ ###c/c

DEFLECTION
Percentage of steel Pt = 0.35
 fs = 117.4
Modification factor Kt = 1.9427 (IS-456-2000,Fig 4)

(L/d)max = 38.85

(L/d)provid = 17.96 Ok
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FLEXURAL CRACKING

Service moment, M = Mu/1.5 = 22.27 kNm/m

Instantaneous modulus if elasticity, Ec = 25.000 kN/mm2
Service Direct Tension = T/1.5 = 0.00 kN Modulus of Elasticity of steel Es = 200 kN/mm2
Reinforcement diameter = 16.00 mm Target crack width, wmax = 0.2 mm
Reinforcement spacing = 75.00 mm
Effective depth , d = 334 mm
Distance from comp face, a' = 400 mm2 Modular Ratio, ae = Es/(0.5*Ec) = 16
Area of main reinforcement, As = 603 mm2

widths will be determined in accordance with Annex B of IS 3370-2009.

Using Modular Ratio theory for bending,

Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -ae*As+/-((ae*As)^2+2*b*ae*As*126.56 mm

Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 126.50 N/mm2

Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(h - x)/(d - x) = 0.00083

Direct tensile strain in the tension face = Tension force/(As*Es) = ###

Therefore total strain, e1 = ### + ### = 0.00083

STIFFENING EFFECT OF CONCRETE IN FLEXURE

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, e2 = 1.5*b*(h - x)*(a' - x)/(3*Es*As*(d - x)) = ###

and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, e2 = b*(h - x)*(a' - x)/(3*Es*As*(d - x)) = ###

STIFFENING EFFECT OF CONCRETE IN TENSION Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.0017

For a limiting crack width of 0.1mm, e2 = (b*h)/(Es*As) = ###

and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, e2 = (2* b*h)/(3*Es*As) = ###

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.or a crackwidth of 0.2 e2 = ### approximately.

Average strain at level where cracking is being considered = em = e1 - e2 = ### - ### = ###

Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 61.07 mm

ximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*em/[1+ 2*(acr - c)/(h - x)] = 0.099 mm.Satisfactory
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EARLY THERMAL CRACKING

Main reinforcement = 16 dia bars a 3 mm centres. As = 603 mm2

Dist. Reinforcement = 8 dia bars a 150 mm centres. Asd = 335 mm2

Beam Depth = 400 mm.

Crackwidths will be determined in accordance with Annex A of IS 3370-2009.

Instantaneous modulus of elasticity of concrete, Ec = 25.000 kN/mm2

Modulus of Elasticity of steel Es = 200 kN/mm2
Coefficient of thermal expansion mature concrete, a = 0.00001
Variation in hydration temperature T1 = 27 degrees C
Variation in seasonal temperature T2 = 20 degrees C
Target maximum crack width wmax = 0.2 mm
nw = 0
Restraint factor main bars, Rm = 0.50
Restraint factor dist bars, Rd = 0.50
IS 3370 Annex A, Maximum early thermal crack spacing, Smax = (fct/fb)*(j/2*r)

Maximum early thermal crack width, wmax =Smax*R*a*(T1 + T2)

Substituting for Smax and rearranging, r = (fct/fb)*(j/2)*R*a*(T1 + T2)/wmax

MAIN REINFORCEMENT Applies to both faces of a suspended slab

IS 3370-2009 Figure 2, Depth of surface zone in slab = 200
Cross sectional area of surface zone = 50000 mm2
For this zone, min proportion of reinforcement, rcrit = fct/fy = 0.0028 IS 3370-2009, Annex A
From the above reinforcement to achieve target crackwidth, r = 0.0063
Minimum area of reinforcement required to control cracking = 314.9 mm2, using the larger value of r
Actual area provided = 603 mm2

Therefore the actual early thermal crackwidth = 0.104 mm with a spacing of 444 mm

DISTRIBUTION REINFORCEMENT
For the distribution reinforcement surface zone also = 50000 mm2 and ρcrit0.0028 =
From the above reinforcement to achieve target crackwidth, r = 0.0031
Minimum area of reinforcement required to control cracking = 157.45 mm2, using the larger value of r
Actual area provided = 335 mm2
Therefore the actual early thermal crackwidth = 0.094 mm with a spacing of 400 mm

GROUND SLABS The slab is suspended and the following does therefore not apply
For a ground slab the above top surface zone and crackwidth calculations also apply.

Cross sectional area of bottom zone = 0 mm2

Reinforcement provided is 0 mm diameter bars at 0 mm centres = 0 mm2/m
For this bottom zone r = 0
Area of reinforcement required to control cracking = 0 mm2/m using the larger value of r.
Therefore the actual crackwidth = 0.00 mm with a spacing o 0 mm
assuming a restraint factor of 0.5 at mid length.
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