HIGH ORDER SLIP BOUNDARY SOLUTIONS for Two-Dimensional Micro-

Hartmann Gas Flows

Abstract
In this report I analyze a near continuum Magnet Gas-Dynamic (MGD) flow inside a two-
dimensional with a low magnetic Reynolds number assumption. Such a problem has been
solved before with first order boundary condition. In this Report the solution will be for second
order boundary condition (High order boundary condition). After that we compare the two
solution (first order and second order).

The assumptions for this solution are:

1- External magnetic field is fixed at a value (0, B0, 0).
2- The flow is well approximated with a quasi-isothermal assumption.
3- The magnetic Reynolds number, Rσ = (2d)Uoμoσo, is very small.
4- The flow is two-dimensional, hence ∂/∂z = 0, w = 0.
5- The channel is not short, which means 𝜖 = 2d/L is small.
6- Outlet velocity >> inlet velocity.
7- The flow is driven by the pressure gradient.

Problem Description and Asymptotic Solutions

Suppose a microchannel has a height of H and a length of L, and the average gas properties of the
compressible outflow are: pressure po, density ρo, temperature To, and velocity Uo, where subscript o
denotes an average quantity at the outlet. The inlet pressure should be larger than the outlet pressure
in order to drive the flow.

The non-dimensional normalized governing equations and boundary conditions are:

𝜕(𝜌𝑢) 𝜕(𝜌𝑣)
𝜖 + = 0 , 𝑝 = 𝜌𝑇 = 𝑛𝑇 (1)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕 𝑝 𝜕(𝜌𝑣𝑢) 1 4 𝜕2 𝑢 𝑑2 𝑢 1 𝜕2 𝑣
𝜖 (𝜌𝑢𝑢 + )+ = (𝜖 2 + + 𝜖 )+ 𝑄(𝐾 − 𝑢) (2)
𝜕𝑥 𝛾𝑀𝑎2 𝜕𝑦 𝑅𝑒 3 𝜕𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 2 3 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦

𝜕(𝜌𝑣𝑢) 𝜕 𝑝 1 𝜕2 𝑣 4 𝜕2 𝑣 𝜕2 𝑢
𝜖 𝜕𝑥
+ 𝜕𝑦 (𝜌𝑣 2 + 𝛾𝑀𝑎2 ) = 𝑅𝑒 (𝜖 2 𝜕𝑥 2 + 3 𝜕𝑦2 + 𝜖 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦) (3)

𝜕𝑇 𝜕𝑇 𝛾−1 𝜕𝑝 𝛾−1 𝜕𝑝 1 ∂2 𝑇 ∂2 𝑇 (𝛾−1)𝑀𝑎2 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣

𝜖𝜌𝑢 𝜕𝑥 + 𝜌𝑣 𝜕𝑦 = 𝜖 𝛾
𝑢 𝜕𝑥 + 𝛾
𝑣 𝜕𝑦 + 𝑅𝑒𝑃𝑟 (𝜖 2 ∂𝑥2 + ∂𝑦2 ) + 𝑅𝑒
[2(𝑑𝑥)2 𝜖 2 + 2(𝑑𝑦)2 +
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑢 2 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣
(ϵ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦)2 − 3 (ϵ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦)2 ] + 𝑄𝐾(𝐾 − 𝑢) (4)

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Boundary conditions for second order:
∂u 𝜕2 𝑢
𝑢𝑤 = 𝜃𝑢 𝐾𝑛 (𝑥) (∂n)𝑤 + 𝜃𝑢2 𝐾𝑛2 (𝑥) (𝜕𝑛2 )𝑤 (5)

2 𝛾 𝜃𝑇 𝜕𝑇 𝜃𝑇 𝛾 𝑘𝑛2 (𝑥) ∂2 𝑇
𝑇|𝑦=±1 − 𝑇𝑤 = Pr(𝛾+1) 𝐾𝑛 (𝑥)(𝜕𝑛)𝑤 + Pr(𝛾+1)
(∂𝑛2 )𝑤 (6)
2 .

Y-momentum equation simplifies as:

𝜕𝑝(𝑥,𝑦)
𝜕𝑦
=0 (7)

X-momentum equation simplifies as:

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜖𝑅𝑒 𝜕𝑝
𝜕𝑦 2
− 𝐻𝑎2 𝑢 = −𝐻𝑎2 𝐾 + 𝐻 2 𝛾𝑀𝑎2 𝜕𝑥 (8)
𝑎

𝑑𝑝
𝑘−𝑁1 𝑑𝑝
𝑑𝑥
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = [ 2 (𝑥)+𝑁 ] cosh(𝐻𝑎 𝑦) + 𝑘 − 𝑁1 𝑑𝑥 (9)
𝑁2 𝑘𝑛 (𝑥)+𝑁3 𝑘𝑛 4

Where:
𝜖𝑅𝑒 𝐻 𝐻 𝐻
𝑁1 = , 𝑁2 = 𝐻𝑎 𝜃𝑢 sinh( 𝑎 ) , 𝑁3 = 𝜃𝑢2 𝐻𝑎2 cosh( 𝑎 ) , 𝑁4 = −cosh( 𝑎)
𝐻2𝑎 𝛾𝑀𝑎2 2 2 2

Continuity equation simplifies as:

𝜕(𝑃(𝑥)𝑢(𝑥,𝑦)) 𝜕(𝑃(𝑥)𝑣(𝑥,𝑦))
+ =0 (10)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

Equation of v(x,y) simplifies as:

𝑑𝑝 𝑑𝑝 𝐻 𝑑𝑝 𝑑𝑝
𝑑2 𝑝 𝑁6 sinh(𝐻𝑎 𝑦)( ) 𝑁7 𝑦 ( ) 𝑁5 sinh(𝐻𝑎 𝑦) 𝑁6 sinh( 𝑎 )( ) 𝑁7 ( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = [𝑁1 𝑦 𝑑𝑥2 ] − [ ]−[ ]−[ ]+[ ] + [ 2 𝑃(𝑥) ] +
𝐻𝑎 𝑃(𝑥) 𝑃(𝑥) 𝐻𝑎 𝐻𝑎 𝑃(𝑥)

𝐻 𝑑2 𝑝
𝑁5 sinh( 𝑎 ) 𝑁1 ( 2 )
2 𝑑𝑥
[ ]−[ ] (11)
𝐻𝑎 2

Where:
𝑑2 𝑝 2 (𝑥)+ 𝑁 )−(𝑁 𝑑𝑘𝑛 (𝑥)+2𝑁 𝐾 (𝑥)𝑑𝑘𝑛 (𝑥))(𝑘−𝑁 𝑑𝑝)
(−𝑁1 )(𝑁2 𝑘𝑛 (𝑥)+ 𝑁3 𝑘𝑛 4 2 𝑑𝑥 3 𝑛 1 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥2 𝑑𝑥
𝑁5 = 2 2
(𝑁2 𝑘𝑛 (𝑥)+ 𝑁3 𝑘𝑛 (𝑥)+ 𝑁2 )

𝑑𝑝
𝑘−𝑁1 𝑑𝑝
𝑑𝑥
𝑁6 = 2 (𝑥)+ 𝑁 , 𝑁7 = 𝑘 − 𝑁1
𝑁2 𝑘𝑛 (𝑥)+ 𝑁3 𝑘𝑛 4 𝑑𝑥

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Energy equation simplifies as:
1 𝜕2 𝑇 𝛾−1 𝜕𝑝 (𝛾−1)𝑀2 𝜕𝑢(𝑥,𝑦) 2
=− 𝑢 − ( ) − 𝑄𝐾(𝐾 − 𝑈) (12)
𝑅𝑒𝑃𝑟 𝜕𝑦 2 𝛾 𝜕𝑥 𝜖𝑅𝑒 𝜕𝑦

The solution for the temperature field is:

𝐺1 cosh(𝐻𝑎 𝑦) 𝐺2 𝑦 2 cosh(2𝐻𝑎 𝑦) 𝑦2 𝐺4 𝑦 2 𝐺5 cosh(𝐻𝑎 𝑦) 𝐺6 𝑦 2
𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦) = + + 𝐺3 ( − )− + + + (2𝐺7 𝑆2 )𝑦 +
𝐻𝑎2 2 8 𝐻𝑎2 4 2 𝐻𝑎2 2
𝑇𝑤 + 2𝐺72 𝑆2 + 𝐺8 𝑆3 − 𝑆1 (13)
Where:
1−𝛾 𝑑𝑝 1−𝛾 𝑑𝑝 (1−𝛾)𝑀𝑎2
𝐺1 = ( ) (𝑅𝑒 𝑃𝑟 )𝑁6 , 𝐺2 = ( ) (𝑅𝑒 𝑃𝑟 )𝑁7 , 𝐺3 = (𝑅𝑒 𝑃𝑟 )𝑁62 𝐻𝑎2
𝛾 𝑑𝑥 𝛾 𝑑𝑥 𝜖 𝑅𝑒

𝐺4 = (𝑅𝑒 𝑃𝑟 )(𝑄𝑘 2 ) , 𝐺5 = (𝑅𝑒 𝑃𝑟 )(𝑄𝑘)𝑁6 , 𝐺6 = (𝑅𝑒 𝑃𝑟 )(𝑄𝑘)𝑁7

2𝛾 𝛾
𝐺7 = 𝜃𝑇 𝑃 (𝛾+1) 𝑘𝑛 (𝑥) , 𝐺8 = 𝜃𝑇2 (𝑝 (𝛾+1)
) 𝑘𝑛2 (𝑥)
𝑟 𝑟

𝐻 𝐻
cosh(𝐻𝑎 ) 1 𝐺1 sinh( 𝑎 ) 𝐺2 sinh(𝐻𝑎 ) 1 𝐺4 𝐺5 sinh( 𝑎 ) 𝐺6
2 2
𝑆1 = − 16 , 𝑆2 = + + 𝐺3 ( − 4) − + + + 𝐶5
8𝐻𝑎2 𝐻𝑎 2 4𝐻𝑎 2 𝐻𝑎 2

𝐻 𝐻 𝐻
𝐶5 = 2𝐺7 𝑆2 , 𝑆3 = 𝐺1 cosh ( 2𝑎 ) + 𝐺2 + 𝐺3 sinh2 ( 2𝑎 ) − 𝐺4 + 𝐺5 cosh ( 2𝑎 ) + 𝐺6

Numerical Validations
The flow parameters are: 𝜖 = 0.06 , 𝐿 = 20 𝜇𝑚 , 𝑝1 = 2 𝑎𝑡𝑚 , 𝑝2 = 1 𝑎𝑡𝑚 , 𝑇 = 300𝐾

𝜎𝑢 = 𝜎𝑇 = 0.85 , 𝛾 = 1.4 , 𝑃𝑟 = 0.72 , 𝜇 = 1.919 × 10−5 𝑠𝑒𝑐. 𝑁/𝑚2 , 𝑇𝑤 = 300 𝐾

𝑅𝑏 = 1/𝜖 , 𝑅𝜎 = 𝜖 , 𝑘 = 0

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 Fig.2. Pressure distribution along the flow direction.

References

[1] C. Cai and K. R. Khasawneh, "Two-Dimensional Micro-Hartmann Gas Flows," Springer, vol. 1, pp.
655-664, 2009.

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