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Mechanical and Pneumatic

Ship Unloaders

Maximum Potential and


Practical Limitations
by
Dave Bergenstock
Market Manager
FLSmidth Pneumatic Transport
Distribution Systems

Slide 1
Presentation Focus

• Overview of shipunloader design


• Dust emission and control
• Optimal ship sizes and unloading rates
• Power consumption
• System configuration

Slide 2
FLSmidth Pneumatic Shipunloaders

Slide 3
FLSmidth Pneumatic Shipunloaders
• Material extracted from vessel by
vacuum

• Three-section arm for full reach


through hold

• Dense-phase conveying to storage


(pressure tanks and air compressors)

• Material fully encapsulated from


pick-up to storage (two dedusting
points)

• Limitless movement along dock


(fixed hose connections to convey
piping)

Slide 4
FLSmidth Pneumatic Shipunloaders
• Material extracted from vessel by
vacuum

• Three-section arm for full reach


through hold

• Dense-phase conveying to storage


(pressure tanks and air compressors)

• Material fully encapsulated from


pick-up to storage (two dedusting
points)

• Limitless movement along dock


(fixed hose connections to convey
piping)

• Aternatively, equipment can be


erected in a fixed position (e.g. barge
mounted)

Slide 5
FLSmidth Mechanical Shipunloaders

Slide 6
FLSmidth Mechanical Shipunloaders
• Material extracted from vessel by
vertical and horizontal screw
conveyors

• Two-section arm = limited reach


without gantry movement

•Limitless movement along dock


(infinite discharge points to belt
conveyor)

• Separate system required for


conveying to storage (typically belt
conveyors, bucket elevators, etc.)

• Material encapsulated while in


unloader screws, however dedusting
is required at every convey system
transfer point

•Much less efficient in stationary


position

Slide 7
Material Pick-Up and Dust Control

Pneumatic

Slide 8
Material Pick-Up and Dust Control

Mechanical

Slide 9
PNEUMATIC VS MECHANICAL
PRODUCT RANGE - SHIP SIZES

Pneumatic
Product

Mechanical

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Ship Sizes x1000 DWT

Slide 10
PNEUMATIC VS MECHANICAL
CAPACITIES

Pneumatic
Product

Mechanical

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100
Max. Capacities in Metric Tons per our (MTPH)

Slide 11
PNEUMATIC VS MECHANICAL
POWER CONSUMPTION (BASED ON 1000’ CONVEY DISTANCE)
APPROXIMATE CONSUMED POWER (kW)

3000

2500 Pneumatic
Mechanical
2000

1500

1000

500

0
200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

DESIGN CAPACITY (MTPH)

Slide 12
Materials

PNEUMATIC MECHANICAL

ALUMINA ALUMINA KAOLIN


CEMENT BARLEY LIMESTONE
FLY ASH CASSAVA MANIOC
GRAIN CEMENT PHOSPHATE ROCK
PET COKE COAL RAPE SEED
CITRUS PULP RICE
CLINKER SOY BEANS
DERIVATIVES SOY MEAL
FERTILIZER SOY PELLETS
FISH MEAL SALT
FLOUR SULPHUR
GYPSUM TAPIOCA MEAL
GRAIN TAPIOCA PELLETS

Slide 13
System Configuration

Mechanical Shipunloaders

• Optimal efficiency for mechanical shipunloaders is


reliant on limitless movement along the vessel,
therefore stationary unloaders are not practical for
large vessel, high-capacity applications

• Fixed vertical arm length and limited up/down


movement of the horizontal arm can make the
application impractical where there are high water
level fluctuations

Slide 14
System Configuration

• Fixed position of shore transfer system makes


barge mounting impractical

Slide 15
System Configuration
Pneumatic Shipunloaders

• Greater range of arm movement allows for more


coverage from a fixed position. Also, flexible hoses
allow for limited movement between connections
(typically 50’ +/-)

•Three-section arm better compensates for variable


water level conditions

Slide 16
System Configuration

• Use of flexible hoses make barge mounting a


practical option for pneumatic shipunloaders

Slide 17
System Configuration

Note: Pneumatic transfer (with flexible hose


connection) is an option for mechanical unloaders,
however power savings are often negated

Slide 18
System Summary

PNEUMATIC MECHANICAL

Small Vessels (< 40,000 DWT) +

Handimax Vessels (40,000 to 55,000 DWT) + +

Panamax Vessels ( > 55,000 DWT) +

Design Capacity up to 700 MTPH +

Design Capacity 700 MTPH to 800 MTPH + +

Design Capacity > 800 MTPH +

Dust Control + +*

Power Consumption Highest Lowest

Powdery (cementitious) Materials + +

Coarse, Abrasive Materials +

Configuration Versatility +

* Dependent on shore transfer system

Slide 19
FLSMIDTH
Your single source for
pneumatic and mechanical shipunloaders!

Slide 20

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