CHAPTER 2

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE OF THE STUDY

Foreign Related Literature

1.1 According to the Washington post ‘A lack of educational could be just as dangerous
as smoking,’ study says don’t use drugs, stay in school – kids hear this kind of advise all
the time. What they don’t hear is that not having a good education could be just as
dangerous to their health as smoking. That’s the takeaway of the study, published
Wednesday in he journal PLOS ONE. The authors of the study calculated the health
risks of low educational attainment in the U.S and found that more than 145,000 deaths
could have been prevented in 2010 if adults who did not finish high school had earned a
GED or high school diploma – comparable to the mortality rates of smoking. In addition,
another 110,000 deaths in 2010 could have been saved if people who had some college
went on to complete their degree. These figures are based on health risk associated
with low education, which is a figure calculated through existing data on mortality rates
for different levels of educational attainment. The data is adjusted to different population
and then multiplied by population to get a number of deaths. There are factors, such as
childhood health or genetic predispositions, that are not accounted for the inflate the
accounts. Still it’s the same method used to calculate deaths associated with smoking
and diet behaviors, so the numbers are comparable.

“As a scientist, the onus is on the researchers to demonstrate causality” said Patrick
Krueger, an author of the study and a professor at the University of Colorado Denver,
“Our paper doesn’t look at causality directly, but we rest on previous studies.” There
have been scores of papers published, the study says, establishing that poor education
can lead to increased stress levels, affecting things like the immune system and
cardiovascular health. It’s a complicated causal link, but Krueger says the evidence is
strong inverse relationship between educational attainment and adult mortality. In
general. That means a better education translates to higher quality of life.
There’s been an increase interest over the past decades in academic communities to
see how social factors contribute to the diseases that affects death rates. The push is in
part to examine what’s causing deaths beyond direct medical problems. Originally it
started with more obvious behaviors factors, like foodand drug consumption, but it’s
expanded over time to include things such as segregation, poverty and income
inequality.

Bello pined that more is retained when students use both their auditory and visual
sense organs simultaneously. In the teaching of local studies just like in other areas of
instructions, instructional materials are indispensable, as seeing is said to control a
greater part of all sensory information to buttress the usefulness of instructional
materials in creating social awareness when used in teaching social studies in
secondary schools. Bonska, explained that “one remembers only 10% of what is heard
and 90% of what is heard, seen, and done. Accordingly Berry and Buktenica explained
that instructional materials are very important in education. This was really equally due
the realization of the immense influence which audio visual material creates on a
recipient. Also Bonska in realization of the significant role of instructional materials on
learning advised that since resourcefulness is a basic quality for a successful life,
classroom teaching activity should involve more problems that are resourcefulness
oriented. Thus, the influence of audio visual materials in creating social awareness is
more effective than words alone if they are related to the learning process. This is so
because it is believed that some learn better when they hear and see, while others, the
sense of hearing, touch, smell,
E-learning and Classroom Training are different, each having its own advantages and
disadvantages.

E-learning is a very effective way to deliver training and I would like to share how
Training Mangers can overcome the drawbacks of Classroom Training through e-
learning, to manage their training effectively.

Unlike classroom training, e-learning does not require a trainer. Learners can learn by
themselves (self-learning).

Classroom training is limited to a certain place, time and number of people, unlike e-
learning where it is possible to train global learners.

Classroom training is not usually repeated where as with e-learning, it is possible to

take the course multiple times.

Any updates/ changes in the organizational processes can be easily communicated

globally through e-learning.

Classroom materials do not really motivate learners where as with e-learning, you can
motivate them with great visuals, friendly audio narration, gaming interactivities and
videos.

E-learning is cost effective, and allows you to translate your e-learning into multiple
languages and deliver the training globally.

Mga Tradisyunal na Learning Vs. Online Learning: Pagkakaiba, Mga Bentahe, At Mga
Disadvantages
Ang mga araw na kurso / pagsasanay sa online ay naging lubhang popular, dahil mas
maraming mga instituto at mga kumpanya ang nag-aalok ng mga kurso sa online.
Gayunpaman, sa kabila ng katanyagan ng online na edukasyon, ang malalawak na
grupo ng mga tao ay sinasadya na lumayo mula sa gayong mga pamamaraan,
karamihan ay dahil sa maling kuru-kuro. Kasabay nito, sa kabila ng tumataas na
katanyagan ng mga online na kurso, ang pagsasanay sa tradisyonal na (silid-aralan) ay
nakikipaglaban at nagsisikap na magpatibay ng mas bagong paraan upang mapanatili
ang interes ng mga mag-aaral. Palaging may dalawang panig ng isang barya. Para sa
ilang mga indibidwal, ang pagsasanay sa online ay mas naaangkop, samantalang para
sa iba pang pagsasanay sa silid-aralan ay ang ginustong paraan ng paghahatid.