1

lkxj 'kgj ds ek/;fed Lrj ij v/;;ujr

Nk=&Nk=kvksa dh i;kZoj.kh;
iznw"k.k ds izfr tkx:drk dk
rqyukRed v/;;u
 2

1-1 izLrkouk
Hkkjrh; laLd`fr blh fl)akr dks fu'fpr :i ls ekurh vk;h
gSA fd ;fn euq"; izd`fr ds fu;eksa ds vuqdwy pys] mlds
lkFk lg;ksx djs rFkk lHkh vof'k"Vksa dks izd`fr dks ykSVk
ns rks euq"; o izd`fr nksuksa LoLFk jg ldrs gSaA ,d
;wukuh fopkjd dk dFku gS^^izd`fr iwtuh; gS] vkSj Lo;a
dks nh?kkZ;q cukus ds fy, izd`fr dh vkjk/kuk dj mls
nh/kkZ;q cukuk gh Js;Ldj gSA1;fn ge Hkkjrh; laLd`fr ds
bfrgkl dk voyksdju djsa rks ;g dg ldrs gSa fd izkphu
Hkkjrh; laLd`fr ess izd`fr cgqr gh vknj.kh; jgh gSSSA
gekjs iwoZtksa us ioZr] unh] rkykc] Hkwfe] ok;q vkfn dh
mi;ksfxrk ,oa egRo dks Hkyh Hk¡kfr le> fy;k Fkk vkSj blh
dkj.k mUgksus mlesa nsoRo dk vkjksi dj mUgsa oUnuh;
cuk fn;k A ufn;ksa dks ikiukf'kuh le>k rFkk ekW dk
LFkku fn;kA ihiy] oV o`{k] rqylh vkfn o`{kksa esas
nsork ds Lo:i dk vkjksi fd;k rFkk bl izdkj mUgsa laj{k.k
iznku dj va/kk/kqa/k dVkbZ ls cpk;k A
1-2 leL;k dk mn~xe
gekjh i`Foh ,d ,slk foLr`r bZdks ra= gSA ftlesa vusd
NksVs&NksVs bZdksra= ik, tkrs gSA ;s bZdksra= vusd
izdkj dh lq?kV~; bZdkbZ;k¡ gS vkSj mudh lq?kV~;rk ls
ykHk mBkdj ekuo us mUgsa vius lq[k ds fy, likarfjr dj
fy;k gSA euq"; dh bu fØ;kvks ds QyL:i ml ifj?kVuk dk tUe
gqvk ftls ge iznw"k.k dgrs gSaA
 3

i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k ds fy, fodflr vksj fodkl'khy ns'k

nksuks gh mÙkjnk;h gSaA lHkh us izd`frd L=ksrks dk
vko';drk ls vf/kd nksgu fd;k gSA fodflr ns'kksa us lq[k
&lqfo/kk vkSj foykl] ds fy;s rks fodkl'khy ns'kksa us vius
vfLrRo dks cuk;s j[kus ds fy, izkd`frd nksgu ds izfr
viuk ;ksxnku fn;k gSaA fodkl'khy ns'k vius ou dkV jgs
gaS] i'kq pjk jgs gaS bZ/ku tyk jgs gSSa] vkSj i;kZoj.k
dks iznwf"kr dj jgs gaSA rks nwljh vksj fodflr ns'kks esa
m/kksxks ls fo"kSyh xSlksa dk fjlko gks jgk gSA isVªksy
vkSj Mhty ls pyus okys okgu /kqavk NksM+ jgs gaSA
fÝtksa vkSj okrkuqdwfyr ;a=ksa ls Eyksjks]¶yksjks
dkcZu¼CFC½ dk fjlko gks jgk gSA vkSj i;kZoj.k iznwf"kr
gksrk tk jgk gSA izfr;ksfxrk dh va/kh nkSM esa lHkh
i{k ;g Hkwy tkrs gSa fd bu lc ekuoh; fØ;kvkas dk ekuo
LokLF; ij D;k izHkko iM+rk gSA orZeku ih<+h rks
nq"izHkko Hkksx jgh gSA fdarq vkus okyh ih<+h Hkh
blds dqizHkko ls cpsxh ughaA vkSj blds izfr lHkh dk
lfEefyr mÙkjnkf;Ro gksxkA foKku dh lgk;rk ls ekuo izd`fr
ij fot; ikus ds vius iz;Ruksa esas ftruk lQy gksrk tk jgk
gSA i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k dk ladV mruk gh xgjkrk tk jgk
gSA ,oa gekjk Hkfo"; vlqjf{kr gksrk tk jgk gSA i;kZoj.k
ds izfr fpark vkSj fparu esa o`f) gks jgh gSA fdUrq
i;kZoj.k dk Li:i fcxM+rk tk jgk gSA lkekftd] vkfFkZd]
HkkSfrd] rFkk vkS|ksfxd fodkl ds ekxZ ij c<+rs gq, euq";
 4

us vius fgr dk rks /;ku j[kk ijarq i;kZoj.k ij iM+us okys

izHkkoksa dh iw.kZ mis{kk dj nh A
laHkor% izd`fr ds nq"izdksi dh Hk;kog dYiuk us gh
vkfn ekuo dks izd`fr ls lkeatL; LFkkfir djus gsrq ck/; dj
j[kk FkkA izfl) nk'kZfud ,oa f'k{kkfon~ :lks us dgk Fkk
^^izd`fr dh vksj ykSVks** ijarq vkt foKku vkSj izkS|
ksfxdh ds bl vk/kqfud ;qx esa izd`fr ij fot; izkIr djus dh
euq"; dh ykylk us ekuo dks izd`fr ls nwj dj fn;k A izd`fr
dk Lokeh cuus dh ykylk ds nq"ifj.kke i;kZoj.kh; iznw"k.k
izkd`frd lalk/kuksa dk vHkko] ifjofrZr HkkSxksfyd Li:i
rFkk ÅtkZ ladV ds :i esa gekjs lkeus gSA
vkt laiw.kZ fo'o bu i;kZoj.kh; iznw"k.k ds Hk;kog
ifj.kkeksa ls fpafrr gSA vkt fo'o ds leLr jk"Vª jk"Vªh; Lrj ij
feydj varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij i;kZoj.k dks iznw"k.k ls cpkus
rFkk i;kZoj.k laj{k.k dh fn'kk esa lfEefyr iz;kl dj jgs gSA
ouks dh dVkbZ rFkk tkuojks ds f'kdkj ds fo:) dkuwu cuk,
x, gSA mUgs lajf[kr djus ds fy, jk"Vªh; vH;kj.kks] ikdksZ
rFkk lqjf{kr oU; izns'kks dk fuekZ.k cM+s Lrj ij fd;k tk
jgk gSA dbZ ljdkjh rFkk xSj ljdkjh laLFkku bl fn'kk esa
ljkguh; dk;Z dj jgs gSA i;kZoj.k laj{k.k fo'o esa ^^fo'o
i;kZoj.k fnol**¼5 twu½ fo'o oU; fnol ¼21 ekpZ½ fo'o ty
fnol ¼22 ekpZ½ ]fo'o vkstksu fnol¼16 flrEcj½ vkfn
fnolksa dks euk;k tkrk gSA
mi;qZDr lHkh dk;ksZ dk mn~ns'; gS euq";ksa esa
i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k tkx:drk dk fodklA ijarq i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k
dk fodkl fdlh ns'k dh ljdkj ;k fo'o laxBu vdsys ugha dj
 5

ldrs A dkuwu cuk nsus ;k fjtZo ikdZ vkSj ls.pqjh cuk

nsus ek= ls i;kZoj.k dks lqjaf{kr ugha fd;k tk ldrk ]lgh
vFkksZ esa i;kZoj.k dks lqjf{kr vkSj lajf{kr rHkh fd;k tk
ldrk gSA tc izR;sd euq"; i;kZoj.k ds izfr tkx:d gksA
vFkkZr og izd`fr ds egRo dks le>s vius thou esa ty]
ok;q] e`nk] dh mi;ksfxrk dks tkus A o`{kkjksi.k ds ykHk
ouksa dh dVkbZ ds nq"ifj.kke nksuks ls voxr gks A mls
i;kZoj.k ds tSfod vkSj vtSfod ?kVdksa rFkk muds
vrZlaca/kksa dh tkudkjh gks A mls ;g Kku gks fd izd`fr
:ih bl fo'kky bZdksra= esa larqyu cuk, j[kus ds fy, izR;sd
tho rFkk ikni iztkfr dh egrh vko';drk gSaA vr% gesa ,slk
dksbZ dk;Z ugha djuk pkfg, A ftlls fd bl fo'kky ifjra= dk
lraqyu fcxMs+ A
tc euq"; dks mi;qZDr lHkh ckrks dk Kku izkIr gksxk
rc og izd`fr ds egRo dks iw.kZr% le> ldsxk vkSj rc mlds
fopkjksa esa ifjorZu gksxk A vkSj rc og Lo;eso gh
i;kZoj.k ds izfr tkx:d gksxkA Li"V gS fd i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k
tkx:drk] ds fodkl ds fy, O;fDr ds fopkjksa esa 'kks/ku
vko';d gS vkSj fdlh euq"; ds fopkjks dks ifjofrZr djus
dk ,dek= lk/ku gSA ^^f'k{kk** vFkkZr f'k{kk gh og
loZJs"B ek/;e gS ftlds }kjk euq"; esa i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k
tkx:drk dk fodkl fd;k tk ldrk gSA fo'ks"kdj fd'kksj
Nk=&Nk=kvksa esa Lrjh; i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k tkx:drk fodflr
djuk vc ds le; dh t:jr gSA D;kasfd fd'kksjksa esa izcy
HkkoukRed laosx ,oa dk;Z djus dh vlhe ÅtkZ gksrh gS
vkSj i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k tkx:drk dk fodkl gks tkus ij ;s ;qok
 6

gksrs Nk=&Nk=k i;kZoj.k dh lqj{kk vkSj laj{k.k esa viuk

egRo iw.kZ ;ksxnku ns ldrs gSA vr% vkt gesa bl vksj iz;kl
djus dh vko';drk gSA fd f'k{kk ds }kjk Nk=&Nk=kvks
esa] tks dy ds Hkfo"; gSA i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k tkx:drk fodflr
dh tk, rkfd os fo'o dks bl egkladV ls tw>us vkSj bldk
lkFkZd gy [kkstus esa viuk mYys[kuh; ;ksxnku ns lds A
1-3 v/;;u dh vko';drk ,oa egRo
izLrqr 'kks/k fo"k; ,d vR;ar uohu fo"k; gSA vkSj bl
izdkj ds 'kks/k dk;ZØeksa dks f'k{kk ds ek/;e ls djuk vkt
ds le; dh vko';drk Hkh gSA D;ksfd vkt i;kZoj.kh; leL;k,
¡ fnu&izfrfnu vkdkj ,oa tfVyrk esa c<+rh tk jgh gSaA
ufn;ksa dk ty /kqa/kyk gks jgk gSA lkxj rVksa ij
eNfy;k¡ lM+rh tk jgh gSA o`{k eq>krs tk jgs gSaA uxjks
esa iznwf"kr ok;q ds dkj.k ?kqVu gks jgh gSaA vkSj
euq"; ds miHkksx ds fy, mRiUu dh tkus okyh [kk|
lkekfxz;ks esa fo"kkEr jlk;uksa dk pØ py jgk gSA
i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k Hk;kog ifj.kkeksa ds :i esa gekjs
lkeus vk jgk gSaA vkt liw.kZ /kjrh ds rkiØe esa yxkrkj
o`f) gks jgh gSA vkstksu j{kd Nrjh esa Nsn c<+rk tk jgk
gSA tehu taxyks vkSj ty lalk/kuksa dh fuajrj deh gks jgh
gSA lthoksa vksj futhZoks nksuks ij i;kZoj.k&iznw"k.k dk
dqizHkko iMrk gSA feukekrk [kkMh dh eNfy;k¡ [kkus ls ,d
lkFk gtkjksa o;fDr dkydofyr gks tkrs gSA rks bVyh dh
ewfrZ;k¡ o"kkZ ty ls {kfrxzLr gks tkrh gSA vkxjk ds
rktegy ij ,oa ;equk ij rsy&'kks/ku la;=ksa ls mRiUu
iznw"k.k dk dqizHkko iM+rk gSArks Hkksiky ds ;wfu;u
 7

dkckZbM ds la;a= ^fed* ds fjlko ds ifj.kkeLo:i gtkjks

o;fDr ej tkrs gSA yk[kksa nq"izHkkfor gks tkrs gSA
xHkZLFk f'k'kqvksa dh ih<+h rd cp ugh ikrh A
vr% vkt u dsoy oSKkfudksa] f'k{kkfonksa vkSj cqf)
thoh oxZ dks cfYd izR;sd O;fDr dks tu lk/kkj.k dks bu
ladVksa ds lek/ku ds fo"k; esa fopkj djus ]dk;Z djus dh
vko';drk gSA vkSj blh vko';drk dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, eSus
vius 'kks/k izca/k ds }kjk Nk=&Nk=kvksa esa tkx:drk
fodflr djus dk ,d NksVk lk fdarq mn~ns'; iw.kZ iz;kl fd;k
gSA D;ksafd i;kZoj.k csgrj rHkh cu ldrk gSA tc lkekU;
O;fDr O;fDrxr Lrj ij vius rFkk vius vkl&ikl ds i;kZoj.k dh
NksVh&NksVh ckrksas ij /;ku nsus yxs rks ;g i;kZoj.k
lqj{kk ds {ks= esa ,d cM+k ;ksxnku gksxk A bl le;
vko';drk gS yksxks dks bl laca/k esa tkx:d cukus dh A
ftlls euq"; viuh laLd`fr vkSj tSo HkkSfrd ifjos'k ds e/;
Lo;a dh lEc)rk dks igpkuus vkSj le>us ds fy, vko';d
dkS'kYk rFkk vfHko`fRr dk fodkl dj lds A vkSj bl dk;Z es
lcls vf/kd en~nxkj gks ldrh gS ^^f'k{kk**A
vr% vkt i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k tkx:drk ds fodkl ds fy, ]
f'k{kk ds ek/;e ls yksxksa dks bl fn'kk esa izcq) cukuk ,d
vfuok;Z vko';drk gSA ftlls euq"; laj{k.k dks vaxhdkj dj
ldsA vius uxjksa] xzkeksa rFkk lHkh vU; lkoZtfud
LFkyksa dh LoPNrk rFkk lqnajrk dk nkf;Ro ljdkj ij ] uxj
ikfydkvksa ij ;k vU; ,sls gh izkf/kdj.kksa ij ugha NksM+k
tk ldrk cfYd bl fn'kk esa gesa O;fDrxr iz;kl djus gksxsaA
 8

vkSj O;fDrxr iz;kl rHkh laHko gksxs tc izR;sd O;fDr

i;kZoj.k dh lqj{kk ds izfr tkx:d gksA
vkt gekjs i;kZoj.k dh fLFkfr dks ^^n;uh;** dh laKk
ls foHkwf"kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA feêh dh moZjrk lekIr gksrh
tk jgh gSA ty dh thou&nku nsus dh 'kfDRk lekIr gks jgh
gSA o thou ysus dh 'kfDRk c<+ jgh gSA gok dh LQwfrZ
iznku djus okyh rktxh dks vEyh; o"kkZ vkSj dkcZfud
;kSfxdksa ds mRltZu us dqizkHkfor dj fn;k gSA ou dVrs
tk jgs gSA vkstksu dh lqj{kk Nrjh esa Nsn gksrs tk jgs
gSA ,oa varfj{k rd esa VwVs vkSj [kjkc ;kuks dk
rFkkdfFkr ^dpjk* ,df=r gksrk tk jgk gSA ,slk dksbZ
LFkku ugha cpk gS tgk¡ ge vius dks lqjf{kr dg lds A
okLrfodrk ;g gS fd ekuo&efLr"d gh iznwf"kRk gks x;k
gSA izd`fr :ih nkSinh dk ekuo&efLr"d :ih nq;ksZ/ku
fouk'k :ih phjgj.k djrk tk jgk gSA blesa iyk;u dh laHko
ugha fdUrq Hkh"e cudj pqipki lgu djrs jgus ls
^^egkHkkjr** Vyus ckyk ugha A vr% vk';drk gS]
ekuo&efLr"d dks iznwf"kr gksus ls cpkus dh A
varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij 'kh"kZ i`Foh lEesyu ] i`Foh fnol]
fo'o i;kZoj.k fnol vkfn blh lanHkZ esa vk;ksftr fd;s tkrs
gSA la;qDr jk"Vª dk i;kZoj.k dk;ZØe ¼VNEP½ vk/kqfud
lekt dh pqukSfr;ksas ls lacaf/kr desVh ¼CCMM½
;wusLdks dk euq"; rFkk oS/k e.My dk;ZØe fo'o oU; tho
dksi vkfn varjkZ"Vªh; laxBu bl fn'kk esa dk;Z dj jgs gSA
jk"Vªh; Lrj ij 'kklu us bl laca/k esa ^^dqN** fd;k
gSA fdUrq vHkh cgqr dqN djuk ckdh gSaA O;fDrxr Lrj ij
 9

Hkh bl laca/k esa iz;Ru izkajHk djuk gSA ^^dHkh ugha

ls nsj Hkyh**A f'kf{kr ukxfjd ls bl lanHkZ esa jpukRed
;ksxnku dh vis{kk dh tk ldrh gSaA vr% eaSus vius bl y?
kq 'kks/k izca/k dsa ek/;e ls bl fn'kk esa iz;kl fd;k gSA
vkt dk ckyd gh dy dk d.kZ/kkj gksxk vkSj varjkZ"Vªh;
leL;k ds lw>iw.kZ lek/kku esa mUgsa viuk ;ksxnku nsuk
gh gksxk A esjk iw.kZ fo'okl gS fd esjk ;g NksVk iz;kl
fu'fpr gh Nk=&Nk=kvksas esa ^^ i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k
tkx:drk** dsa fodkl eas fu'fpr :i ls lgk;d fl) gksxk A
vkt dh ;gh vko';drk gSA fd bl rjg ds iz;klksa ds ek/;e
ls ckydksa dks bl izdkj izf'kf{kr fd;k tk;s fd os vkl&ikl ds
o`{kkZs&Qwykas ]igkfM+;ksa oukas] ufn;ks tSlh
lk/kkj.k lh yxus okyh oLrqvksa dks ns[ks o /khjs&/khjs bl
ckr dk iz;kl djs fd mi;ksfxrk dh n`f"V ls mUgas dSls
lajf{kr j[kk tk ldrk gSA
esjs bl y?kq'kks/k izca/k dk mn~ns'; Hkh
Nk=&Nk=kvksa fo'o ds Hkkoh ukxfjdksa dks i;kZoj.k dh
j{kk ,oa egRo rFkk mlds iznw"k.k dks jksdus dh vko';drk
ds laca/k esa tkxzr djuk gSA
 10

lacaf/kr lkfgR; dk
losZ{k.k
2.1 izeq[k Hkkjrh; v/;;u
2.2 izeq[k fons'kh v/;;u
 11

2-1 lacaf/kr lkfgR; dk losZ{k.k

'kks/k dk;Z gsrq xgu ,oa foLrr v/;;u dh vko';drk
gksrh gSaaA 'kks/k dÙkkZ iwoZ 'kks/kksa ,oa ,sfrgkfld]
lafpr Kku ds vk/kkj ij viuh dYiuk dks u, vkdkj iznku djrk
gSaA og viuh dYiuk 'kfDr ds vk/kkj ij gh uohu Kku dk
l`tu djrk gSaaA ekuo dks fdlh Hkh fo"k; dk laiw.kZ Kku
dsoy iqLrdksa ,oa iqLrdky;ksa ls gh izkIr gks ldrk gSaA
vius fo"k; ls lacaf/kr lkfgR; dk losZ{k.k djus esa
le; rks vf/kd yxrk gS ijarq dks foLrkjiwoZd le>us esa ;g
gekjh lgk;rk djrk gSA ;g vR;f/kd /kS;Z;qDr ,oa yXu'khy
dk;Z gSA ,d ckj 'kSf{kd lkfgR; dk }kj [kqy tkus ds ckn
iqLrdksa ds can Kku dk vukoj.k gks tkrk gSA
'kks/kdÙkkZ bl lkfgR; dh lgk;rk ls vius mís';ksa dh iwfrZ
djus okyh lkexzh dk p;u dj ysrk gSa ,oa mUgsa
O;ofLFkr :i iznku djrk gSA
'kks/k izca/k dks mi;ksxh rFkk izHkko'kkyh cukus ds
fy, iqLrdksa iqLrdky;ksa ,oa vu; lk/kuksa dh vR;ar
vko';drk gksrh gSaA iwoZ fyf[kr lkfgR; dk fo'ys"k.k djus
ds mijkar gh lw{kere rF;ksa dh fo'ys"k.k djus ds mijkar
gh lw{ere rF;ksa dh tkudkjh izkIr gksrh gSA 'kks/k esa
vkus okyh dfBukbZ;ksa] vko';d ekxZn'ku ,oa O;ofLFkr
:ijs[kk ds fy, 'kks/kksa dk losZ{k.k vR;ar vko';d izrhr
gksrk gSA
 12

izLrqr v/;k; esa leL;k ls lacaf/kr 'kks/k izca/k ekLVj

fMxzh ,oa ih-,p-Mh mikf/k gsrq 'kks/k izca/kksa rFkk
vU;ksU; izdkf'kr ,oa izdkf'kr fo"k; laca/kh lkexzh dk
losZ{k.k djus dk O;ofLFkr iz;kl fd;k gSA lacaf/kr lkfgR; ij
izdkf'kr leLr lkfgR; 'kks/kdÙkkZ ds fy, le; ds vHkko o
{ks= ds ifjlhekdj.k ds dkj.k izkIr gksuk dfBu Fkk ijarq fQj
Hkh dkQh iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA
izLrqr leL;k ls lacaf/kr 'kks/k lkfgR; dk losZ{k.k
fofHké L=ksarksa ls izkIr tkudkjh ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k
gSA
 13

2-1 Hkkjr esa v/;;u

1. D. Prasad, E Khan. (1992) Environmental Pollution Land. Venus
Publishing House II/298 Press Colony, Maya Puri New Delhi.
Result And Discussion
Studied about the solid waste and its environment impact in Ichalkaranji
city Maharashtra. The analysis reveals that the waste impact maker factor is the
common mutton market waste followed by plastic waste cotton waste, vegetable
remains and so o. The biodegradable waste can be converted into manure and
can become and a source of revenue.
2. Bansal S. (1997). Ambient air quality of Bhopal city with reference to
nitrogen dioxide. Indian Science Abstracts. Vol-33, No-1, Sep-1,
1997.
Result And Discussion
He has studied NO2 concentration in commercial, Industrial and
Residential areas of Bhopal (M.P.). In the commercial areas maximum NO2 was
recoreded as 96-4 Mg/m3 corresponding value in the industrial area was 66-3
Mg/m3 in the residential area.
3. Goyal P, Sidhartha (2002). Effect of winds on SO2 and SPM
concentrations in Delhi. Atmospheric Env, 36 (17) (2002), 2925-
2930.
Result And Discussion
Goyal (2002) Studied effect of winds on SO2 and SPM concentration in
Delhi. He was found the monthly mean SO2 concentrations were in the range of
16.15-34.44 mgm-3 and showed regular seasonal variations with the highest
concentrations in winter and lowest in mansoon season. On the other hand, the
monthly mean SPM concentrations reached the highest (465.68 mg m-3) in
November and the lowest (150.07 mg m-3) in August.
 14

4. Khurschid S., et. al. (1998). Effects of waste disposal on water quality in
parts of Coachin Kerala. Indian Nationa Scientific Documentation Centre
14, Satsang Vihar Marg, New Delhi-110067. Indian Science Abstracts.
Vol-35, No-11, June-1, 1999.
Result And Discussion
Studied effects of waste disposal on water quality in parts of Coachin
Kerala. Kaur et. al. (1996), studied Analysis of the element polluting river
Ghaghra in the region of Punjab.
5. Pandey J.S., et. al. (1995). Bio diversity and impact of pollution on the
forests on doon valley. Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre,
14, Satsang Vihar Marg New Delhi-110067. Indian Science Abstracts.
Vol-34, No-14, July-16, 1998.
Result And Discussion
Studied drinking water quality in tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu. He observed
twenty spots were identified within a radius of about 20 Km. All the water
bodies were found to contain high level of inorganic salts and total hardness
with high electrical conductance since they are unsuitable for drinking purposes.
6. Latha M.R., et. al. (2002). Ground water quality of Coimbatore district,
Tamil Nadu. J. Ecobio, 14 (3) (2002).
Result And Discussion
Studied on quality status of Ramganga river at Moradabad. The pollution is
caused by effluent wastes produced by nearly 450 electrolating units and entire
brass and stainless steel industry apart from the domestic wastewaters. The river
at Moradabad manifests severe organic pollution and build up of toxicants
(heavy metals) particularly the iron which has well exceeded its permissible
limit.
7. Kumar Rajesh, Bhargava A.K. and Shahid R. (2000). Effect of polluted
water on plant distribution. Indian Science Abstract. Vol-37, No-2, Jan.
16, 2001.
Result And Discussion
 15

Studied ground water quality of coimbatore district Tamil Nadu. He was found
that the electrical conductivity (EC) of water samples from these areas ranged
from 0.45-4.50, 2.27-9.95 and 0.02-2.7 dsm-1 respectively. The highest sodium
Adsorption Ratio (SAR) of 34.20 was observed in Palladam samples.

8. Vishwanath G, Anantha Murthy KS. (2003). Municipal waste

Management in Tumkur town an environmental perspective.
Paryavaran Abstract Vol 22 No 3-4 2003.
Result And Discussion
Vishwanath and Anantha (2003) studied about the municipal waste
management in Trunk or town. The study revealed that the liquid waste
generated in the Tumukur town is of weak type with a BOD of 89 Mg/L. The
total around 32 metric tons with a per capital generation of 129 g about 70 to 80
percent of the waste generated contains recyclable waste.

9. Gupta I. et. al. (1998). Ambient air quality of Paonta Sahib with reference to
SPM and oxides of nitrogen. Indian Science Abstracts. Vol-34, No-
24, Dec-16, 1998.
Result And Discussion
Gupta et. al. (1998) studied suspended particulate matter and oxide of
nitrogen (NOx) in residential and Industrial areas of Panota Sahib (H.P.).
In the residential area maximum SPM and NOx were recorded as 722.0
Mg/m3 in (1995) and in 1999 respectively corresponding values in the
industrial area were 928.27 Mg/m3 of SPM and 19.30 Mg/m3 of Nox.
 16

2-2 izeq[k fons'kksa esa v/;;u

10.Wilson M.R.E. (1999). Noise level in Banglore city Karnataka. Indian
National Scientific Documentation Centre 14, Satsang Vihar Marg New
Delhi – 110067. Indian Science Abstracts. Vol-35, No-3, Feb-1, 1999.
Result And Discussion
Studied noise pollution, he is observed that noise level data in resedential
location observed normal distribution with average value was around 69 dB
(A) during day time 51 dB (A). During night time which crosses the limit i.e.
it is exceeding from the standard limit which is 55 dB (A) in day and 45 dB
in night time. The highly affected residential areas are thus Bus Stand.
Mahanandda (NH-7) , Napier Town Shanti Nagar.
11.Ander Chi-chung Kol and John Chi-Kin Lee (2003)."acher's Perccptional
of Teaching Environmental lssued within the Science Curriculum: A
Hong Perspective". Indian science Abstracts vol-38 No. 3 Dec-16, 2003
PP 375-78.
Result And Discussion
Ander Chi-chung Kol and John Chi-Kin Lee (2003).acher's Perccptional of
Teaching Environmental lssued within the Science Curriculum: A Hong
Perspective. This study found that teachers tended to leach more envirenmental
education if they held more favorable attitudes toward environmental education,
had more skills of teaching environmental education, believed more in the
relevance of integrated Science to environmental education , and would
actually want to reach more environmental education in integrated Science
classes if there were fewer constraints. Moreover, variations in the teaching of
environmental education wete reflected by teachers cmphasis on teaching
environmental education. and their use of variety of teaching methods and their
regular practices of extracurricular activities on environmental education.
12.Cecilia Lundholm (2005), Learing about environmental issues
Postgraduate and undergraduate students interpretations of environmental
 17

contents in education. Indian science Abstracts vol-34 No. 14 July-14,

2005 PP 75-78.
Result And Discussion
Cecilia Lundholm (2005) Learing about environmental issues
Postgraduate and undergraduate students interpretations of environmental
contents in education. This paper shows how differently environmental issues
cab be interpreted, i.e. scientifically, existentially and politically, and the way
values and cmotions become an aspect of the learning process and reveal the
students difficulities in differentiating between vlaued and descriptions of
phenomena. This is analysed and explainded in relation to the students various
projects that come into conflict in the environmental education setting.

Tiwari, T.N. (1997) Noise Pollution in the Rourkela industrial complex IV

small scale industries. ISA vol 33 No. 15 Aug 1, 1997. Result And Discussion
Studied noise pollution, he is observed that noise level data in residential
location observed normal distribution with average value was around 69 dB (A)
during day time 51 dB(A). During night time which crosses the limit i.e. it is
exceeding from the standard limit which is 55 dB(A) in day and 45 dB in night
time. The highly affected residential areas are thus Bus Stand. Mahanandda
(NH-7), Napier Town, Shanti Nagar.
 18

lanHkZ
xzUFk
lwph
 19

lanHkZ lwph
1- dfiy] MkW-,p-ds- % vuqla/kku fof/k;k¡ ,p-ih-,-
HkkxZo cqd gkÅl]
vkxjk 1998&99
2- xSjsV gsujh bZ- % f'k{kk ,oa euksfoKku
lkaf[;dh]
dY;k.kh ifCy'klZ yqf/k;kuk 1982
3- cqp],e-ch- % FkMZ ,.M QksFkZ loZs vkWQ fjlpZ
bu ,twds'ku lkslk;Vh QkWj
,twds'ku fjlpZ ,.M Msoyies.V
cM+kSnk 1973&78] 1983&88A
4- dfiy gal dqekj % ^^vuqla/kku dh fof/k;k¡**
rhljk laLdj.k] HkkxZo iqLrd izdk'ku
vkxjkA
5- jk; ikjl ukFk % ^^vuqla/kku ifjp;** y{ehukjk;.k
vxzoky
izdk'ku vkxjk
6- j?kqoa'kh] MkW v:.k ,oa ^i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k*
prqFkZ laLdj.k] e-iz-fg-xza-]v
j?kqoa'kh MkW panzys[kk % Hkksiky 1990
7- iafMr Jhdkar ds'ko % i;kZoj.k jlk;u] izFke laLdj.k e-
iz-fg-xza-v-Hkksiky1994A
 20

8- JhokLro MWk- iadt % i;kZoj.k f'k{kk] izFke

laLdj.k e-iz-fg-xza-v- Hkksiky
1998
9- frokjh MkW- fot; dqekj % ^^i;kZoj.k v/;;u**fgeky;
ifCyf'kax
gkÅl] fxjxkao eqacbZA
10. D. Prasad, E Khan. (1992) Environmental Pollution Land. Venus
Publishing House II/298 Press Colony, Maya Puri New Delhi.
11. Bansal S. (1997). Ambient air quality of Bhopal city with reference to
nitrogen dioxide. Indian Science Abstracts. Vol-33, No-1, Sep-1, 1997.
12. Goyal P, Sidhartha (2002). Effect of winds on SO2 and SPM
concentrations in Delhi. Atmospheric Env, 36 (17) (2002), 2925-2930.
13. Khurschid S., et. al. (1998). Effects of waste disposal on water quality in
parts of Coachin Kerala. Indian Nationa Scientific Documentation Centre
14, Satsang Vihar Marg, New Delhi-110067. Indian Science Abstracts.
Vol-35, No-11, June-1, 1999.
14. Pandey J.S., et. al. (1995). Bio diversity and impact of pollution on the
forests on doon valley. Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre,
14, Satsang Vihar Marg New Delhi-110067. Indian Science Abstracts.
Vol-34, No-14, July-16, 1998.
15. Latha M.R., et. al. (2002). Ground water quality of Coimbatore district,
Tamil Nadu. J. Ecobio, 14 (3) (2002).
16. Kumar Rajesh, Bhargava A.K. and Shahid R. (2000). Effect of polluted
water on plant distribution. Indian Science Abstract. Vol-37, No-2, Jan.
16, 2001.

17. Vishwanath G, Anantha Murthy KS. (2003). Municipal waste

Management in Tumkur town an environmental perspective. Paryavaran
Abstract Vol 22 No 3-4 2003.
 21

18. Gupta I. et. al. (1998). Ambient air quality of Paonta Sahib with reference
to SPM and oxides of nitrogen. Indian Science Abstracts. Vol-34, No-24,
Dec-16, 1998.
19. Wilson M.R.E. (1999). Noise level in Banglore city Karnataka. Indian
National Scientific Documentation Centre 14, Satsang Vihar Marg New
Delhi – 110067. Indian Science Abstracts. Vol-35, No-3, Feb-1, 1999.
20. Ander Chi-chung Kol and John Chi-Kin Lee (2003)."acher's Perccptional
of Teaching Environmental lssued within the Science Curriculum: A
Hong Perspective". Indian science Abstracts vol-38 No. 3 Dec-16, 2003
PP 375-78.
21. Cecilia Lundholm (2005), Learing about environmental issues
Postgraduate and undergraduate students interpretations of environmental
contents in education. Indian science Abstracts vol-34 No. 14 July-14,
2005 PP 75-78.
22. Tiwari, T.N. (1997) Noise Pollution in the Rourkela industrial complex
IV small scale industries. ISA vol 33 No. 15 Aug 1, 1997.