AGMA 926- C99

(Replaces AGMA 246.02a)

AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

Recommended Practice for Carburized

Aerospace Gearing
AGMA 926- C99

AGMA INFORMATION SHEET

(This Information Sheet is NOT an AGMA Standard)
 American Recommeded Practice for Carburized Aerospace Gearing
AGMA 926--C99
Gear
(Replaces AGMA 246.02a)
Manufacturers
CAUTION NOTICE: AGMA technical publications are subject to constant improvement,
Association
revision or withdrawal as dictated by experience. Any person who refers to any AGMA
technical publication should be sure that the publication is the latest available from the As-
sociation on the subject matter.
[Tables or other self--supporting sections may be quoted or extracted. Credit lines should
read: Extracted from AGMA 926--C99, Recommended Practice for Carburized Aero-
space Gearing, with the permission of the publisher, the American Gear Manufacturers
Association, 1500 King Street, Suite 201, Alexandria, Virginia 22314.]
Approved May 20, 1999
ABSTRACT
This document establishes recommended practices for material case and core properties, microstructure and
processing procedures for carburized AISI 9310 aerospace gears. This document is not intended to be a prac-
tice for any gears other than those applied in aerospace.
Published by

American Gear Manufacturers Association

1500 King Street, Suite 201, Alexandria, Virginia 22314
Copyright ã 1999 by American Gear Manufacturers Association
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic
retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher.
Printed in the United States of America
ISBN: 1--55589--758--4

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AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION AGMA 926--C99

Contents
Page
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3 Aerospace Grade definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
4 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
5 Metallurgical properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
6 Preliminary treatments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
7 Carburizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
8 Subcritical annealing -- optional procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
9 Hardening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
10 Quality control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Tables
1 Typical aerospace carburizing steels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 Typical heat treat process for AISI 9310 Aerospace Grade 3 carburized
gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Figures
1 Minimum effective case depth, he, for carburized gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 Standards of acceptance for AISI 9310 carbide networks (root area) . . . . . . . 4

Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

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AGMA 926--C99 AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

Foreword
[The foreword, footnotes and annexes, if any, in this document are provided for
informational purposes only and are not to be construed as a part of AGMA Information
Sheet 926--C99, Recommended Practice for Carburized Aerospace Gearing.]

AGMA Standard 246.02A, Practice for Carburized Aerospace Gearing, dated June, 1983,
was prepared by the Metallurgy and Materials Committee and was designed to be a guide to
manufacturers who make carburized gears to the high quality standards required of gears
used in aerospace applications.

AGMA 926--C99 has been updated by the Aerospace Gearing Committee and replaces
AGMA 246.02A, and includes references to the latest standards of other standard setting
bodies including SAE/AMS and AISI. Also, reference is made to modern steel making
techniques and carburizing methods which produce gears to three classes of quality.

AGMA Standards and Information Sheets are subject to constant improvement, revision, or
withdrawal as dictated by experience. Any person who refers to AGMA technical
publications should satisfy himself that he has the latest information available from the
Association on the subject matter.

AGMA 926--C99 was approved by the AGMA Technical Division Executive Committee on
May 20, 1999.

Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to the
American Gear Manufacturers Association, 1500 King Street, Suite 201, Alexandria,
Virginia 22314.

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AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION AGMA 926--C99

PERSONNEL of the AGMA Aerospace Gearing Committee

Chairman: A.G. Meyer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AlliedSignal Engines

Vice Chairman: K. Buyukataman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UTC Pratt & Whitney Aircraft

ACTIVE MEMBERS

I. Armitage . . . . . Spar Aerospace, Ltd. A. Lewis . . . . . . . . Pratt & Whitney, Canada

E.J. Bodensieck . Bodensieck Engineering Co. W.J. Michaels . . . Sundstrand Corporation
M. Broglie . . . . . . The Dudley Technical Group A.K. Rakhit . . . . . Solar Turbines, Inc.
R. Burdick . . . . . . Aero Gear, Inc. M. Shatz . . . . . . . Sundstrand Power Systems
J. Daly . . . . . . . . . Metal Improvement Company D. Stremick . . . . . Boeing Military Airplane Div.
B. Dreher . . . . . . . Kaiser ElectroPrecision D. Townsend . . . . NASA/Lewis Research Center
R.C. Ferguson . . TAIGA Engineering Group

ASSOCIATE MEMBERS

N.E. Anderson . . General Motors Corporation J.G. Kish . . . . . . . Sikorsky Aircraft Division
E.R. Braun . . . . . Eaton Corporation D.E. Kosal . . . . . . National Broach & Machine Co.
C.E. Breneman . . Advance Gear & Machine Corp. A.J. Lemanski . . . Penn State University
J. Cadisch . . . . . . Reishauer, Ltd. M. Lonergan . . . . National Broach & Machine Co.
H.S. Cheng . . . . . Northwestern University W. Mark . . . . . . . . Penn State University
L. Cloutier . . . . . . Universite Laval T.L. Porter . . . . . . Brocksopp Engineering
B.W. Cluff . . . . . . American Pfauter J. Rybak . . . . . . . Technical University of Rzes
R.J. Cunningham Boeing Defense & Space Group
A. Seireg . . . . . . . University of Wisconsin
W. Darmon . . . . . Windsor Gear & Drive, Inc.
R. Shapiro . . . . . . Boeing Precision Gear
R. Dayton . . . . . . U.S. Air Force
M. Shebelski . . . . Boeing Precision Gear
R.J. Drago . . . . . . Boeing Defense & Space Group
L.J. Smith . . . . . . Invincible Gear Company
D.W. Dudley . . . . Consultant
B. Durwin . . . . . . Sikorsky Aircraft Division N. Sonti . . . . . . . . Penn State University
J. Eaton . . . . . . . . Liebherr K. Tower . . . . . . . Metal Improvement Company
R. Errichello . . . . GEARTECH F.C. Uherek . . . . . Flender Corporation
J. Hess . . . . . . . . Department of the Navy H. Wagner . . . . . . Advance Gear & Machine Corp.
D.R. Houser . . . . Ohio State University R.D. Wagner . . . . National Broach & Machine Co.
C. Isabelle . . . . . . Sikorsky Aircraft Division R.F. Wasilewski . Arrow Gear Company
K. Kazerounian . . University of Connecticut G.I. Wyss . . . . . . Reishauer Corporation

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AGMA 926--C99 AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

(This page is intentionally left blank.)

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AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION
American Gear Manufacturers
Association --
Recommended Practice
for Carburized
Aerospace Gearing
1 Scope
This information sheet recommends material case
properties, microstructure, processing procedures
and other critical parameters for carburized
aerospace gears.
This information sheet is for carburized aerospace
gearing and does not apply to gears used in other
industries.
2 Application
The purpose of this publication is to define methods
for specifying material, case depths, case and core
hardness, case and core microstructures, and
processes for carburizing and hardening aerospace
gearing. This information sheet pertains mainly to
AISI 9310, Carburizing Material. Information on
other common carburizing materials is also in-
cluded. (Aerospace gearing is used in this document
to delineate air vehicles and spacecraft gearing.)
3 Aerospace Grade definitions
Aerospace gearing is divided into three grades
depending on the nature of the intended application.
Gear materials for aerospace are specified by three
aerospace grades which use the same allowable
stress numbers as Grades 1 to 3 in ANSI/AGMA
2001--C95 and ANSI/AGMA 2003--B97. Also, many
of the same metallurgical control factors apply
AGMA 926--C99
except where they have been changed for
aerospace within the recommendations of this
information sheet in clauses 4 through 10. The three
grade numbers are:
Aerospace Grade 1 -- aircraft quality;
Aerospace Grade 2 -- premium aircraft quality;
Aerospace Grade 3 -- ultra--premium aircraft
quality
Aerospace Grade 1 materials are typically air melted
(AM). Aerospace Grade 2 materials are typically
single vacuum melted (SVM), while Aerospace
Grade 3 materials are typically double vacuum
melted (DVM) from the initial stock.
4 Materials
4.1 Materials selection
The following paragraphs describe the suggested
materials for carburized aerospace gearing. The
grades of steel recommended are based on the
indicated specifications of the American Iron and
Steel Institute (AISI) and the Society of Automotive
Engineers/Aerospace Material Specifications (SAE/
AMS). Typical carburizing steels are shown in
table 1.
NOTE: It is to be understood that the materials listed
are suggestions only and that specific material
selection should be made by the engineer on the basis
of material hardenability, material cleanliness,
performance, and economic considerations.
Performance criteria include, but are not limited to, the
following: toughness, notch sensitivity, bending and
contact fatigue, bending strength, wear resistance,
high temperature and environmental operational
characteristics.
4.2 Aerospace quality grades -- carburizing alloy
steels
For aerospace applications, Aerospace Grade 3 and
2 materials require conformance to ANSI/SAE AMS
2300 quality level, while Aerospace Grade 1 material
requires ANSI/SAE AMS 2301. Aerospace Grade 3
and 2 materials may also require additional specific
mill processing conditions such as tighter ultrasonic
inspection requirements. These requirements are
more stringent than those given in ANSI/AGMA
2001--C95, table 9, note 13 or other industry
standards.
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AGMA 926--C99 AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

Table 1 -- Typical aerospace carburizing steels

Typical hardness1)
Typical
Material AMS spec Surface, HRC2) Core, HRC applications
AISI 9310 6265/6260 58--64 32--42 Main drive, accessory, actuators
33V 6427/6411 58--62 42--48 Actuators
VASCO X2M3) (None) 60--64 36--44 Main drive, high temperature4)
HP 9--4--30 6526 58--60 48--52 Actuators
PYROWEAR 533) 6308 59--64 36--44 Main drive, high temperature4)
CBS600 6255 58--62 34--42 High temperature4)
NOTES:
1) Drawing specified hardness limits are based on performance considerations and are normally narrower than the full
range shown in this table.
2) Rockwell hardness scale (HRC) is shown for direct comparison only. In general, that scale is not specifically recom-
mended for measurement where other, more appropriate hardness scales are commonly used.
3) Proprietary material designation.
4) High temperature property -- capable of operating somewhat below the tempering temperature for indefinite periods.

4.3 Forgings tooth surface at 1/2 whole depth. Effective case

When optimum properties and/or reliability are
desired, double vacuum melted steel forgings
should be used. It is recommended that forgings
have a minimum forging cross sectional reduction
(ratio) of 3:1. A metallurgical analysis should be
performed on one part from the first production run.
The analysis should include, but not be limited to, the
inspection of grain flow, banding, cleanliness, dis-
tribution of inclusions and grain size. Forgings
should conform to the requirements of ANSI/SAE
AMS 2375B, MIL--F--7190B or equivalent.
depth is defined as the perpendicular distance from
the surface of the case on a finished part to a point
where the hardness is equivalent to 50 HRC, as
measured by a microhardness tester. The tester
load used should be 500 grams. Variations in the
effective case depth at the gear tooth pitch diameter,
root fillet, and center of the root should be specified
and mutually agreed upon between the gear
manufacturer and purchaser. The minimum effec-
tive case depth for gears with respect to diametral
pitch should be in accordance with figure 1 unless
otherwise specified.

NOTE: When core hardness exceeds 45 HRC, the

5 Metallurgical properties method for determining effective case depth shall be
specified and agreed upon between customer and
5.1 Drawing specifications manufacturer.

The properties usually specified on engineering

drawings for carburized aerospace gearing are (1)
case depth range, (2) minimum surface hardness (or
range), and (3) core hardness range. Surface and
core hardness values should be in accordance with
table 1. In addition, carburized aerospace gears
require limitations on the case and core microstruc-
ture as outlined in 5.3 and 5.4.
5.2 Case depth
The case depth for carburized aerospace gearing is
specified as the effective case depth normal to the
5.3 Case and core microstructure
The case and core microstructure requirements for
carburized aerospace gearing should be specified
and agreed upon between the gear manufacturer
and purchaser. The location where the microstruc-
tural requirements are to be met should be detailed,
e.g., in the root area or on the flank. The type of test
sample to be evaluated should also be specified, i.e.,
a test slug or gear segment of the identical material.
Typical requirements are:

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AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION AGMA 926--C99

Normal module, mn
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0.100

0.040 1.0
0.035 he = 0.188 ¢ (mn)0.86 (mm) 0.9
Minimum effective case depth (inches)

0.030 0.8
0.7

Minimum effective case depth (mm)

0.025 0.6
0.020 0.5
0.018
0.016 0.4
0.014
0.012 0.3
0.010
0.009
0.008 0.2
0.007
0.006 he = 0.120 ¢ (Pnd) --0.86 (inch)
0.005
0.1
The values shown on the case depth curve are to be used as a guide.
For gearing in which maximum performance is required, detailed
studies must be made of the application, loading, and manufacturing
procedures to obtain desirable gradients of both hardiness and inter-
nal stress. Furthermore, the method of measuring the case as well
as the allowable tolerance in case depth should be specified and
agreed upon between the gear manufacturer and purchaser.
0.001
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 1416 20 24 28 100
Normal diametral pitch, Pnd
Figure 1 -- Minimum effective case depth, he, for carburized gears

-- Case. The case is primarily tempered
martensite with a typical maximum of 10 percent
retained austenite as evaluated metallographical-
ly using an appropriate etchant at a magnification
of 500X. The retained austenite percentage may
be determined by x--ray diffraction instead of by
metallographic technique. Carbide network, i.e.,
undissolved carbides, should be scattered and
discontinuous (as shown in figures 2a and 2b). A
semi--continuous or very heavy continuous net-
work, as shown in figures 2c and 2d (AISI 9310
root area) are not permitted. Carbide network
should be evaluated particularly in the root area of
the gear tooth test sample. Decarburization and
intergranular oxidation are not permitted on
ground surfaces.
-- Core. The core is primarily tempered marten-
site. Banding, which results from the steel
manufacturing should be kept at a minimum. If
banding does exist, all direct core hardness
readings must be within the range specified by the
drawing. Variation of hardness between bands
should not exceed 3 points HRC for Aerospace
Grade 3, and 4 points HRC for Aerospace Grade
2, as converted by a microhardness tester with a
500 gram load.
5.4 Carbon content
The desired carbon content at the surface of the
carburized tooth should be specified and agreed
upon between the gear manufacturer and the
purchaser. A method of determining and evaluating
this requirement should also be detailed.
6 Preliminary treatments
6.1 Preliminary treatments and considerations
Stress relieving heat treatments may be performed
at any time prior to carburizing. All Aerospace Grade
2 and 3 gears are to be quenched and tempered to
approximately 30 HRC or normalized and tempered
before machining prior to carburizing.

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AGMA 926--C99
a -- Acceptable light
discontinuous network
c -- Not acceptable
semi--continuous network
NOTE: Alkaline sodium pyrate electrolytic etch ---- all photomicrographs at 400X.
Figure 2 -- Standards of acceptance for AISI 9310 carbide networks (root area)
6.2 Furnace requirements
All furnaces used for carburizing and hardening
should be in accordance with requirements of
MIL--H--6875H and ANSI/SAE AMS 2750, with
regard to furnace temperature uniformity, tempera-
ture control, and accuracy of temperature recording
and control instruments.
6.3 Masking
Surfaces which are not to be carburized should be
masked off with a suitable masking vehicle, or have
sufficient excess stock to permit complete removal of
the case by machining after carburizing. Masking
material should be capable of preventing change in
carbon content of the surface being protected.
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AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION
b -- Acceptable heavy partially
continuous network
d -- Not acceptable
very heavy continuous network
Experience has shown copper plating 0.025 mm
(0.001 inch) minimum to be an effective method of
masking. Care should be taken to ensure that the
copper plating does not leak onto areas that are to be
carburized.
6.4 Furnace loading
Parts to be carburized should be loaded into the
furnace in such a manner that the gear teeth are not
in contact, and the surfaces to be carburized are not
touching other parts. When surfaces to be
carburized must touch heat treatment fixtures, the
contacting surfaces should be a non--critical area
and the contact area of the fixture should be
rounded.
AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION AGMA 926--C99

7 Carburizing continuous carbon potential control. Table 2 shows a

typical carburizing process for a Aerospace Grade 3
7.1 Method gear.

Gears may be carburized by gas or vacuum
methods. Pack carburizing is not permitted. The
combination of carburizing and diffusing cycles may
be used to produce a gradual case to core carbon
gradient. Parts to be carburized shall be cleaned of
any surface scale, grease or oil prior to carburizing.
Generally, internal carburizing specifications are
developed by the gear manufacturer. MIL--S--6090
may also be used as a minimum.
7.2 Carburizing process
The carburizing temperature for aerospace gears
should permit carburization within an economical
time period, yet not permit substantial grain growth.
Carburizing temperatures between 845°C and
955°C (1550°F and 1750°F) are recommended for
aerospace gearing. Carburizing time should start
when the entire furnace load has reached carburiz-
ing temperature and carburizing atmosphere has
been attained. Carburized parts should be cooled in
a protective atmosphere to prevent decarburization.
Aerospace Grade 3 and Aerospace Grade 2 gears
should be carburized in furnace equipment with
Note that many of the carburizing materials listed in
the table 1 require a surface treatment prior to
carburizing. This pre--oxidation procedure must be
accomplished in accordance with the proper specifi-
cation requirements.
8 Subcritical annealing -- optional
procedure
Gears may be given a subcritical annealing treat-
ment immediately after carburizing and before
hardening. This should be done as soon as the parts
are cool enough to handle. The purpose of this
annealing is:
(1) to relieve the stresses developed during
cooling after carburizing;
(2) to refine the case structure by spheroidizing
any carbides present after carburizing;
(3) to facilitate machining of the surfaces that will
not be carburized and hardened.

Table 2 -- Typical heat treat process for AISI 9310 Aerospace Grade 3 carburized gears
Process Temperature Time at Type of Type of Remarks
operation ° C (° F) temperature environment quench
Normalize1) 940 (1725) 2 hours Air Air ----
Harden1) 815--830 1 hour Air Oil at 55°C ----
(1500--1525) (130°F)
Temper1) 565 (1050) 4 hours Air ---- Hardness should
be 27--32 HRC
Carburize 925 (1700) As required, gas Endothermic ---- Cool in protective
suitable carburizing atmosphere down
atmosphere to 815°C (1500°F)
Subcritical 620 (1150) 2 hours Air ---- ----
anneal
Harden 815--830 1 hour Endothermic gas Agitated oil ----
(1500--1525) or suitable gas
atmosphere
Cold --75 (--100) 2 hours ---- ---- ----
treatment
(subzero)
Temper 150 (300) 2 hours2) Air ---- ----
NOTES:
1) Preliminary heat treatment
2) Double temper 2 hours each.

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AGMA 926--C99
Subcritical annealing may be performed in a suitable
salt bath or a furnace containing an atmosphere of
either circulating air, inert gas (argon, nitrogen or
helium), or a suitable exothermic gas. Copper
plating prior to subcritical annealing is not required.
The subcritical annealing cycle for carburized aero-
space gears should be in the temperature range of
620°C to 690°C (1150°F to 1275°F) for 2 hours
minimum, followed by furnace or air cooling to room
temperature. Localized subcritical annealing by
induction is not permissible.
9 Hardening
Control of all hardening shall conform to the require-
ments of MIL--S--6090.
9.1 Austenitizing process
Carburized aerospace gears shall be austenitized in
a suitably controlled reducing or neutral environment
using endothermic gas, vacuum, nitrogen or argon
gas. In an endothermic gas atmosphere the gears
should be copper plated all over to a minimum
plating thickness of 0.025 mm (0.001 inch) prior to
austenitizing. Copper plate may not be required
when using vacuum, nitrogen or argon gas for
austenitizing with proper process control as a
minimum.
9.2 Austenitizing cycle
The austenitizing temperature selected is depen-
dent on the material composition and desired
metallurgical properties. This temperature should
be within 790°C to 860°C (1450°F to 1575°F).
Austenitizing time should be minimum of one hour
per 25 mm (1 inch) of the maximum section
thickness. Austenitizing times should start when the
furnace temperature is stabilized.
9.3 Quenching
After austenitizing, carburized aerospace gears
should be quenched in a suitable quenchant oil
maintained at a temperature between 25°C and
70°C (80°F and 160°F). Aerospace gears having
thin web sections and requiring close tolerances
may be quenched in a quench press to control
distortion. Marquenching, quenching in oil main-
tained between 150°C and 200°C (300°F and
400°F), may also be used to lessen distortion during
quenching.
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AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION
9.4 Cold treatment (subzero)
In order to meet surface hardness requirements, a
cold treatment (subzero) may be required. If cold
treatment (subzero) is required, the gear shall be
cooled to --75°C (--100°F) or lower and held at this
temperature for a minimum of two hours. Dry cabinet
freezing is the preferred method. For minimum
retained austenite, the part must be cold treated
(subzero) immediately after quenching.
9.5 Tempering
After quenching or cold treatment (subzero), carbu-
rized aerospace gears shall be tempered in a
circulating air furnace maintained within the range of
135°C to 190°C (275°F to 375°F). The tempering
time should be two hours minimum at temperature.
Tempering time should begin when the entire
furnace load reaches the required tempering tem-
perature. Multiple tempering is often used and is
recommended to minimize retained austenite and to
temper the martensite transformed from austenite
during the previous temper.
10 Quality control
10.1 Standard test specimens
The use of standard size, separate test specimens
for determination of case and core properties and
microstructure is recommended. The size and
shape of the test specimen should be representative
of the actual gear. In addition, the test specimen(s)
must be the same material, grade and hardenability
as the parts represented and should accompany the
parts through all heat treatment processes. Test
specimen(s) from the same mill heat(s) as the parts
is (are) recommended for Aerospace Grade 3 gears.
If the case depth of the test specimen is in question
upon analysis, an actual part should be sectioned
and a metallurgical examination performed to deter-
mine the actual case depth. The accuracy of the
correlation between the case depth of the test
specimen and that of the actual part depends on the
relative mass, size, and shape of the test specimen
and actual parts, and on the location in the furnace
load.
10.2 Grinding temper inspection
All gears that have been finished ground on carbu-
rized surfaces should be subjected to surface
temper inspection checks after grinding, such as
AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION
ANSI/AGMA 2007--B92, Surface Temper Etch In-
spection After Grinding. Rehardening or retemper-
ing is not permitted on gear tooth flanks and roots
under any circumstances in critical applications.
10.3 Magnetic particle inspection
All finished gearing shall be subjected to magnetic
particle inspection and shall conform to acceptance
standards.
AGMA 926--C99
If gear profiles or root fillets are critical, in Aerospace
Grade 3 and in some cases Aerospace Grade 2
applications, no indications are allowed. Otherwise,
nonmetallic inclusions in the gear tooth profile or root
shall not be greater than 0.8 mm (1/32 inch) and the
minimum distance between indications shall be 12.7
mm (1/2 inch).
Linear type discontinuities such as cracks or seams
shall be cause for rejection.
7
AGMA 926--C99 AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

Bibliography

The following documents are either referenced in the text of AGMA 926--C99, Recommended Practice for
Carburized Aerospace Gearing or indicated for additional information.

AGMA 217.01, Information Sheet ---- Gear Scoring Design Guide for Aerospace Spur and Helical Power Gears
AGMA 390.03a, Gear Handbook -- Gear Classification, Materials and Measuring Methods for Bevel, Hypoid,
Fine Pitch Wormgearing and Racks Only as Unassembled Gears
AGMA 431.01, Design Procedure for Aircraft Engine and Power Take--off Bevel Gears
AGMA 908--B89, Geometry Factors for Determining the Pitting Resistance and Bending Strength of Spur,
Helical and Herringbone Gear Teeth
AGMA 911--A94, Design Guidelines for Aerospace Gearing
ANSI/AGMA 1010--E95, Appearance of Gear Teeth -- Terminology of Wear and Failure
ANSI/AGMA 1012--F90, Gear Nomenclature, Definitions of Terms with Symbols
ANSI/AGMA 2000--A88, Gear Classification and Inspection Handbook -- Tolerances and Measuring Methods
for Unassembled Spur and Helical Gears (Including Metric Equivalents)
ANSI/AGMA 2001--C95, Fundamental Rating Factors and Calculation Methods for Involute Spur and Helical
Gear Teeth
ANSI/AGMA 2003--B97, Rating the Pitting Resistance and Bending Strength of Generated Straight Bevel,
ZEROL Bevel and Spiral Bevel Gear Teeth
ANSI/AGMA 2004--B89 Gear Materials and Heat Treatment Manual
ANSI/AGMA 2005--C96, Design Manual for Bevel Gears
ANSI/AGMA 2007--B92, Surface Temper Etch Inspection After Grinding
ASTM A941--99a, Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys and Ferroalloys
ASTM E3--95, Standard Practice for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
ASTM E18--98, Standard Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of Metallic
Materials
ASTM E140--97e1, Standard Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals (Relationship Among Brinell Hardness,
Vickers Hardness, Rockwell Hardness, Rockwell Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, and Scleroscope
Hardness)
ASTM E384--89 (1997)e2, Standard Test Method for Microhardness of Materials
ASTM E407--93, Standard Practice for Microetching Metals and Alloys
ISO 6336--5:1996, Calculation of Load Capacity of Spur and Helical Gears -- Part 5: Strength and Quality of
Materials.
MIL--S--6090A, Steel, Carburizing and Nitriding, Processes for, August 1998.
MIL--H--6875H, Heat Treatment of Steel Raw Materials, February 1999.
MIL--F--7190B, Forging, Steel, for Aircraft/Aerospace Equipment and Special Ordnance Applications, August
1988.

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AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION AGMA 926--C99

ANSI/SAE AMS 2300G, Premium Aircraft--Quality Steel Cleanliness Magnetic Particle Inspection Procedure,
1995.
ANSI/SAE AMS 2301H, Cleanliness, Aircraft Quality Steel -- Magnetic Particle Inspection Procedure, March,
1996.
ANSI/SAE AMS 2375C, Control of Forgings Requiring First Article Approval, November 1996.
ANSI/SAE AMS 2750C, Pyrometry, 1994
ANSI/SAE AMS 2759B, Heat Treatment of Steel Parts, General Requirements, December, 1996.

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AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION
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