HERB HUB: AN ANDROID GAME APPLICATION ON HERBAL PLANTS

________________________

A Thesis

Presented to the Faculty of the

College of Communication and Information Technology

University of Northern Philippines

Vigan City

________________________

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology

________________________

NICOLE A. CANDIA

MARK DAVE M. BALAURO

KARL LOIX R. ROBIÑOL

APRIL ROSE C. VALENCIA

December 2018
 ii

CERTIFICATION

This thesis entitled “HERB HUB: An Android Game Application on Herbal

Plants”, prepared and submitted by Nicole A. Candia, Mark Dave M. Balauro, Karl

Loix R. Robiñol, and April Rose C. Valencia, in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the degree Bachelor of Science in Information Technology, has been examined and

is recommend for Oral Defense.

ROSANNE S. AGUP, MIS

Adviser
 iii

APPROVAL SHEET

Approved by the Panel of Examiners on Oral Examination with a grade of

_________________.

HAROLD L. COSTALES, MIT

Chair

MARIANO T. ROMANO JR., MIT LEO ANGELOU B. BAJA, BSIT

Member Member

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology.

PARALUMAN MARIA FATIMA C. BENZON, MIT, MPA

Dean, College of Communication
and Information Technology

Date: ___________________
 iv

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The researchers would like to extend their sincerest and wholehearted gratitude to

all who allotted much time and effort for them, as well as those who assisted them in the

success of this piece of work, particularly to:

Prof. Paraluman Maria Fatima C. Benzon, Dean of the College of

Communication and Information Technology, for the encouragement and professional

motivations;

Mrs. Rosanne S. Agup, their thesis adviser for her professional guidance,

direction, and patience in helping the researchers in the improvement of their system and

this manuscript;

Mr. Harold L. Costales, the Chairman of the Defense Panel, for his intelligent

recommendations in the enhancement of this undertaking;

Mr. Leo Angelou B. Baja and Mr. Mariano T. Romano Jr., members of the

panel of examinee, for their significant suggestions and corrections, which made this

study more comprehensive;

Mr. Daryl V. Buen, their class adviser for the help and guidance he gave them in

their academics;

Their beloved parents, brothers, sisters, and relatives, for their financial, moral,

and spiritual support;

 v

The Faculty Members of the College of Communication and Information

Technology, for all the motivation and concern that provided strength to the researchers

to pursue this endeavor; and

Their classmates, friends, and others whose names are not mentioned but had

great contributions to the realization of this work.

The greatest honor, however, is due to Almighty God, the Source of their

wisdom, strength, courage, and patience to finish this research work.

N.A.C.

M.D.M.B.

K.L.R.R.

A.R.C.V.
 vi

“The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today.”

I dedicate this piece of work to

our Almighty God;

my parents, Randy Candia Sr. and Regina Candia;

Nanay, Tatay, and Ate Mariz;

My siblings, Kuya Jr, Ate Pati, Minic, Ate Lenlen, Kuya Soy,

Raf, and Trav;

My circle of friends, Section X;

My group mates, Dave, Karl and April;

and finally,

Sir Harold, Sir Mariano, Sir Leo, and Ma’am Rosanne.

~Nicx
 vii

“Don’t stop when you are tired; stop when you are done.”

I humbly express my sincerest gratitude

to the Almighty God, the Source of love, strength, and guidance

which have helped me endure this challenging task;

my dearest parents, Mr. Andres Balauro and Mrs. Mary Grace Balauro;

my sister, Jessa Mae Balauro;

my friends and classmates;

and my group mates, Nicx, Karl, and April.

~Dave
 viii

“Keep your dreams alive.

To achieve anything requires faith and belief in yourself,

vision, hard work, determination, and dedication.

Remember, all things are possible for those who believe.”

This piece of work I humbly dedicate to

my ever supportive parents,

Mr. Adelino Robiñol and Mrs. Veneranda Robiñol;

my friends;

my group mates, Nicx, Dave, and April;

and the Almighty GOD.

~Karl
 ix

“It’s never too late to reinvent yourself.”

I humbly dedicate this piece of work to all the people

who have inspired me to get through this difficult part of my college life,

especially, my parents, Mr. Alexander Valencia and Mrs. Amelyn Valencia;

my Nanang;

my brothers;

my group mates, Nicx, Dave, and Karl;

my friends, Section X,

my classmates;

and the Almighty GOD.

~April
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
PRELIMINARIES
Title Page .......................................................................................................................... i

Certification ...................................................................................................................... ii

Approval Sheet ................................................................................................................. iii

Acknowledgment ............................................................................................................. iv

Dedication ........................................................................................................................ vi

List of Table ..................................................................................................................... xii

List of Figures .................................................................................................................. xiii

Abstract ............................................................................................................................ xiv

Chapter

I THE PROBLEM

Introduction ………………………………………………………… 1

Statement of Objectives ……………………………………………. 4

Significance of the Study …………………………………………... 5

Scope and Delimitation ……………………………………………. 6

II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND METHODOLOGY

Related Literature …………………………………........................... 7

Operational Definition of Terms …………………………………… 12

Methodology ………………………………………………….......... 13

III RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Local Practices in Ilocos Sur of Herbal Medicines ………………... 20

 xi

The HERB HUB Game Application………………………………. 22

IV FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS AND RCOMMENDATIONS

Findings …………………………...………………………………. 21

Conclusions ...………………………...………………………...…. 21

Recommendations …......................................................................... 54

REFERENCES …………………………………………………………………... 34

APPPENDICES ………………………………………………………………….. 47

A Request Letter …………………………………………....... 48

B Questionnaire ......................................................................... 49

C Project Evaluation Review Technique Diagram .................... 51

D Project Evaluation Review Technique Chart ......................... 52

E Gantt Chart ............................................................................ 53

F Work Breakdown Diagram.................................................... 54

G User’s Manual ....................................................................... 55

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LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page

1 Likert Sclae for Usabilty Test Result Interpretation ......................... 18

2 Common Practices on Herbal Plants .................................................. 21

3 Data Structure for Level .................................................................... 33

4 Sample Record for Level ................................................................... 33

5 Data Structure for Herbalmed ........................................................... 33

6 Sample Record for Herbamed ........................................................... 33

7 Data Structure for Object ................................................................... 33

8 Sample Record for Object .................................................................. 33

 xiii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Title Page

1 Agile Methodology ............................................................................ 15

2 Use Case Diagram .............................................................................. 22

3 Activity Diagram for Learn ................................................................ 23

4 Activity Diagram for Play Game ........................................................ 24

5 Activity Diagram for Start New Game ................................................ 25

6 Activity Diagram for Resume Game ................................................... 26

7 Activity Diagram for Gameplay ......................................................... 27

8 Activity Diagram for Quit game ......................................................... 28

9 Activity Diagram for Setting ............................................................. 29

10 Activity Diagram for Set Sounds ...................................................... 30

11 Activity Diagrams for View Credits ................................................. 31

12 Activity Diagram for Reset Game ..................................................... 32

13 Enhanced Entity Relationship Diagram ............................................ 33

14 Hierarchical-Input-Processed-Output(HIPO) .................................... 34
 xiv

ABSTRACT

CANDIA, N. A., BALAURO, M. D. M., ROBIÑOL, K. L. R., VALENCIA, A. R. C.

(2018). HERB HUB: An Android Game Application on Herbal Plants.
(Undergraduate Thesis) Bachelor of Science in Information Technology. University of
Northern Philippines, College of Communication and Information Technology, Vigan
City, Ilocos Sur.

Adviser: Rosanne S. Agup, MIS

This study aimed to explore on the local practices of herbal medicines in Ilocos Sur and
to develop HERB HUB, Android game application was designed to feature such
practices. Technically, user’s awareness on herbal medicines shall be increase while
completing the levels of the educational game.

Keywords: android, application, game-based, herbal medicine, herbal plants

 Chapter I

THE PROBLEM

Introduction

One of man’s universal right is the right to health and wellness. It is natural for

people to be conscious of their health and to seek medical treatment if needed.

Governments always include in their budget for health and medical provisions of their

people.

Historically, herbal plants or herbs have been a great help to men in terms of

health, especially before the advancement of medical drugs. A lot of diseases have been

healed with the use of herbal medicine, including fever, colds, wounds, and others.

According to Roberts (2007), among the advantages of herbal medicine are

reduced risk of side effects, effectiveness on chronic-conditions, lower cost, and

widespread availability. However, herbal medicine is not appropriate in all situations.

There are few of the disadvantages to consider, like lack of dosage instruction, poison

risk associated with wild herbs, medication interactions, and lack of regulation. Hence,

anyone considering the use of herbal medicine to treat health conditions must speak with

a qualified health professional.

According to Rose (n.d.), the evolution of Philippine traditional medicine is an

interesting study. It has been influenced by religion, mysticism, magic, superstition,

folkloric herbalism, and western medicine.

 2

Any region or province may have its own list of herbal plants used as medicine or

dietary regime, and has already been part of its traditions and practices. Putting up herbal

garden is also encouraged in barangays and public schools.

There are medicinal herbs in which have been clinically tested for their efficacy

against many common ailments and disorders afflicting many Filipinos especially in rural

areas. These are Akapulko, Adelfa, Ampalaya, Banaba, Balanoi, Bayabas, Bawang,

Carrot, Gumamela, Lagundi, Luyang Dilaw, Mabolo, Mangosteen, Malunggay,

Makabuhay, Niyog-niyogan, Oregano, Pansit-Pansitan, Pandan, Sabila, Saluyot,

Sambong, Silymarin, Tsaang Gubat, Ulasimang Bato, and Yerba Buena.

According to the Department of Science and Technology, 102 plants have been

“scientifically validated for safety and efficacy.” Ten of these plants are under different

stages of development, and that studies have been completed on sambong, lagundi,

and akapulko.

Venivil, WF., according to him, there are some medicinal plants that are now

being cultivated at the La Union Botanical Garden (LUBG). A total of 3,875 informants

from three different Provinces in the Ilocos Region, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, and La

Union provided data for the study from 1997-1999. In the evaluation of Ilocano medical

practices, the similarity of plant uses in different places were compared, such as the same

plant used for same diseases with official recognition in the current pharmacopeia,

constitutes evidence for reasonable use. There cannot be a definite answer on the same

and efficacious use of many plant remedies. Proper laboratory experiments based on

actual preparation, dosage, therapy, among these are to be performed to evaluate the

remedies safety and efficacy for a specific disorder.

 3

Not all Filipinos, however, are aware of these herbal plants recognized by the

Department of Health (DOH). Information about these herbal plants, however, can be

obtained from DOH offices and from the Internet.

One form of learning that has become popular recently is the use of educational

and digital games. The Center for Innovative Teaching and Learning of the Indiana

University Bloomington (n.d.) mentioned that games can be used to help people develop

their problem-solving and decision-making skills and to encourage them to innovate.

Surely, gaming makes people do a tremendous amount of research and inspires them to

spend an extraordinary amount of time on a certain task.

In the aricle of De Freitas, S. (2006), “Learning in Immersive worlds: A review of

game-based learning”, there is clearly a substantial potential for learning with games and

simulations. However, while the research to support the effectiveness of simulations is

considerable, recent studies of using leisure games in learning contexts have found

challenges with using games and simulations effectively in practice, particularly in terms

of setting and assessing specified learning objectives.

Good game-based learning applications can draw users into virtual environments

that look and feel familiar and relevant. Within an effective game-based learning

environment, one word toward a goal, choosing actions and experiencing the

consequences of those actions along the way. Committing mistakes in a risk-free setting

and through experimentation, one actively learns and practices the right way to do things.

This keeps users highly engaged in practicing behaviors and thought processes that are

easily transferred from the simulated environment to real life. EdTechReview, (2013).

EdTechReview (ETR) is a community of and for everyone involved in education

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technology to connect and collaborate both online and offline to discover, learn, utilize

and share about the best ways technology can improve learning, teaching, and leading in

the 21st century.)

It is on this note that the researchers have developed an educational game, which

is designed to help raise awareness on the 10 Philippine herbal plants that are approved

by the Department of Health (DOH) as medical remedies to certain ailments.

Statement of Objectives

This study aimed to help raise awareness on Philippine herbal plants through the

educational game, Herb Hub

Specifically, it sought to accomplish the following objectives:

1. Explore on the herbal medicine practices of different communities in Metro

Vigan;

2. Develop Herb Hub: A mobile-based educational game that features local

herbal practices;

3. Determine the level of acceptability of the Herb Hub as perceived by:

a. DOH,

b. Barangay Health Workers, and

c. Local community.

4. Evaluate the game’s usability in terms of:

a. Operability,

b. Learnability, and

c. Understandability.
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Significance of the Study

The Herb Hub is expected to improve user awareness on Philippine herbal plants

and local practices on the preparations and use of these herbal plants. Various

stakeholders are to be benefited by this study, including the entire community of Metro

Vigan, the youth, the researchers themselves, and other researchers.

Department of Health. This study, especially the Herb Hub, would help

promote alternative medicines that may be found locally.

Metro Vigan. This study would help residents of Metro Vigan learn about the

herbal plants that are promoted by DOH.

Barangay Health Worker (BHW). The BHWs are the arms of DOH in caring

for the people’s health in the barangay level. This study would help them understand

better the herbal plants that can treat certain ailments that occur in their localities.

Youth. Results of this study would help the youth rediscover their own culture,

by exposing them to the local herbal plants. They would be able to learn while being

entertained using the game-based application.

The Researchers. This study helped the researchers understand better the

benefits of herbal medicine. Their teamwork as well as skills in programming and

software development were developed.

Future Researchers. Results of this study could become an essential guide for

future researches who intend to develop educational games or for those who wish to

explore on herbal medicine.

Scope and Delimitation

 6

The educational game was designed for users of Android mobile phones and

gadgets. Herbal plants featured in the app are the ten (10) plants approved by the

Philippines’ DOH.

The game requires player to finish every challenge by completing the specified

missions. Once the goals are met, the user could proceed to the next level. In order to

finish or go to the next level the player must first complete the tasks that require use of

herbal plants. A learning feature was also integrated to help users discover how the

herbal medicines are used and prepared, as per directive of DOH.

The Herb Hub app however does not support multiplayer mode. Also, it is

compatible with Android operating system versions 5.0 (Lollipop), 6.0 (Marshmallow),

7.0 (Nougat) and 8.0 (Oreo).

Based on the pages of ancient Philippine history, Vigan was originally a haven for

business adaptations among the early traders in the province. Incidentally, these business-

oriented people came from Fujian Province in China. Due to their Fokkien language

pronunciation, These Chinese migrants pronounced the word Vigan, as Bee Gan, which

simply means, “Beautiful Shore”. Meanwhile, there was another interesting anecdote as

to how Vigan got its captivating name. Since the Basque and Castillian conquistadores

had been constantly interchanging the letter V to B, they had chosen to use the misspelled

term of Bee Gan, in reference to the province of Vigan, Ilocos Sur.

 Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND METHODOLOGY

Related Literature

This section presents related literature about herbal medicine in Metro Vigan, the

10 herbal plants approved by Department of Health, and Usability Testing. These

readings helped the researchers to analyze and develop their educational game

application.

Herbal Medicine in Metro Vigan

According to the Department of Science and Technology (2013), 102 plants have

been declared as safe and have efficacy. Of these, ten (10) are under different stages of

development, while studies on sambong, lagundi, and akapulko have already been

completed. From sambong and lagundi alone, a local maker of herbal drugs is earning

millions of pesos.

According to Bayalan, Villa, and Landicho (2008), the Philippines' Department of

Health (DOH) is the principal health agency in the Philippines. It is the executive

department of the Philippine Government responsible for ensuring access to basic public

health services to all Filipinos through the provision of quality health care and the

regulation of providers of health goods and services.

 8

Ong and Flores (2009) of the Philippine Star featured the study of Dr. Mercita

Queddeng, a University of Northern Philippines (UNP) professor on the “Phytochemical,

Microbiological, and Antifungal Testing of Kalunay Leaves and Roots”. It was found

that kalunay have chemicals, alkaloids and saponis, that are used to develop anti-

inflammatory drugs.

The City Government of Vigan has its health program called “Batang Bigueno, sa

Alagang Wasto, Lalaking Bibo”, which primarily aims to promote healthy living, proper

nutrition, and good grooming in children. Part of the city’s program for children’s health

and nutrition is a bio-intensive gardening project that involves growing fruit and

vegetables in backyards or in school grounds to address dietary requirements of children

who are malnourished and 4Ps beneficiaries (City Government of Vigan, 2014).

Mobile-Based Game on Herbal Medicine

Use of herbal medicines is common. There is a need for education in this area.

Mobile games are useful educational tools for motivating learning. A mobile game on

herbal medicines can potentially enhance players’ herb-related knowledge. One example

of a mobile-based game that features herbal medicine is the Herbopolis, A mobile serious

game to educate players on herbal medicines.

“Herbopolis” is an in-house developed mobile game of the simulation genre.

Players are tasked to manage a city specializing in the production and sale of herbal

products. Nineteen out of 24 participants downloaded and played the game, and

completed the post-game survey. Players are motivated to learn about herb-related

information through playing Herbopolis. Our results support its use for improving
 9

knowledge on herbal medicines. Future game iterations to improve robustness and

performance will likely to improve its reception and effectiveness in learning.

The following is the list of the ten medicinal plants that DOH through its

Traditional Health Program have endorsed. All of these ten herbs have been thoroughly

tested and have been clinically proven to have medicinal value in the relief and treatment

of various ailments.

Akapulko (Cassia alata) also known as “bayabas-bayabasan” and “ringworm

bush” in English, is an herbal medicine used to treat ringworms and skin fungal

infections.

Chatterjee (2013) made an attempt to study the antimicrobial property of the leaf

extract of three species of Cassia: Cassia alata, Cassia occidentalis, and Cassia tora,

against a few Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, as well as against a few fungi

which are mostly dermatophytes-causing skin infection in human beings. C. alata has

been found to be the most potent species for having significant antimicrobial activity.

Ampalaya (Momordica charantia) known as “bitter gourd” or “bitter melon” in

English, is known for the treatment of diabetes and for non-insulin dependent patients.

According to Joseph and Jini (2013), Momordica chanrantia has been used as

dietary supplements and ethnomedicine throughout centuries for relieving symptoms and

conditions related to diabetes. To date, M. charantia has been extensively studied

worldwide for its medicinal properties to treat a number of diseases. It is described as

versatile plant worthy of treating almost any disease inflicted on mankind.

Bawang (Allium sativum), popularly known as “garlic”, is described to reduce

cholesterol in the blood and hence, helps control blood pressure.

 10

Bayan, Koulivand, and Gorji (2013) noticed that although garlic is believed to be

a safe substance, long term of trials of reasonable duration would provide insight into the

possible side-effects of different garlic extracts. The safety of garlic should be tested

especially in pregnant or breastfeeding women as well as in young children.

Bayabas (Psidium guajava), or “guava” in English, is primarily used as an

antiseptic to disinfect wounds. Also, it can be used as a mouth wash to treat tooth decay

and gum infection.

Ravi and Divyashree (2014) described guava as an excellent antiplaque,

antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant agent.

Lagundi (Vitex negundo) is known in English as the “5-leaved chaste tree”. Its

main use is for the relief of coughs and asthma.

The World Intellectual Property Organization (2013) stated that after scientific

and thorough tests, lagundi was identified to have four active ingredients and the effect of

each of these ingredients. Effects of each of these ingredients were found to be as: 1) a

relaxant of the air passages in the lungs; 2) as an anti-histamine; 3) as an anti-

inflammatory, and 4) as an anti-asthmatic.

Niyog-niyogan (Quisqualis indica L.) is a vine known as “Chinese honey

suckle”. It is effective in the elimination of intestinal worms, particularly the Ascaris and

Trichina. Only the dried matured seeds are medicinal.

According to International Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

(n.d), a study was conducted to verify the traditional use of Quisqualis indica which

contains flavanids that may have antioxidant activity. The results of the study suggest

that the extract from niyog-niyogan inhibited the free radicals in–vitro in dose dependent
 11

manner. It is further suggested that the extract is effective against free radical mediated

diseases.

Sambong (Blumea balsamifera), whose English name is Blumea camphora, is a

diuretic that helps in the excretion of urinary stones. It can also be used as an edema.

Dr. Haider (2014) mentioned that sambong grows in the tropics and does a great

job of lowering blood pressure, healing urinary tract infections, lowering fevers, and

helping with Post Mens Syndrome (PMS).

Tsaang Gubat (Ehretia microphylla Lam.), prepared like tea, is an herbal

medicine which is effective in treating intestinal motility and also used as a mouth wash

since the leaves of this shrub has high fluoride content.

According to Dr. Irene (2014), tsaang-gubat is one of the few kind of small trees

that has the ability to produce this kind of chemical compounds. These chemical

compounds are known to cure or remedy diarrhea, diabetes and skin infections.

Ulasimang Bato (Peperomia pellucida) also known as “pansit-pansitan”, is

effective in fighting arthritis and gout. The leaves can be eaten fresh as salad or like tea.

According to Majumder (2011), Pansit-pansitan is reported to possess, antipyretic,

analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, refrigerant and CNS activity. It is crushed

and mixed with water to form a mixture, heated and administered orally or applied

topically to arrest wound bleeding or hemorrhage.

Yerba Buena (Clinopodium douglasii), commonly known as peppermint, is a

vine used as an analgesic to relive body aches and pain. It can be taken internally as a

decoction or externally by pounding the leaves and applied directly on the afflicted area.
 12

According to Murphy (2012), Yerba Buena is considered a local plant and can

vary from region to region, but has been named to identify an aromatic mint in most

areas.

According to John Eklund and Ciaran Levingston (2008), Usability as a word has

many interpretations – it’s a discipline, an industry, a method, but it can be thought of as

a statement of quality about a system. We can say something is highly usable if users can

complete their tasks with ease. In other words, it’s a measure of quality that is judged by

the extent to which the design and functionality of a system meet user requirements,

whether these requirements are explicit or not. Usability testing itself has to be shorter,

frequent, and faster.

Tolossa, Debela, Athanasiadou, Tolera , Ganga, and Houdijk recorded indigenous

knowledge and standard practices for human and livestock disease control in certain

ethnic groups. They concluded that traditional medicine, mainly involving the use of

medicinal plants, is playing a significant role in meeting the primary health care needs of

them. Acceptance of traditional medicine and limited access to modern health care

facilities could be considered as the main factors for the continuation of the

practice. Documented knowledge of the traditional healers can be used to support the

country’s human and livestock health care system and improve lives and livelihoods.

Information generated will be used in future studies to validate bio activity of selected

medicinal plants used by traditional healers, so to increase their acceptability in health

care systems both nationally and internationally.

Usability inspections are a set of methods for evaluating one interactive system by

experts. They try to find possible usability problems and determining the level of
 13

usability of the system without involving real users. One of these methods is heuristic

evaluation, where several experts inspect one system or its interface for searching

usability issues. Some authors maintain that evaluation by experts in usability discovers

more usability issues than evaluation conducted by non-experts (Botella, Alarcon, and

Peñalver, 2014).

Operational Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined for clearer understanding about the developed

educational game:

Android. It is an operating system used for smartphones and tablets.

Application. It refers to the programs that run on computer which can be used

for specific tasks.

Game. It refers to the strategy used in the design of the Herb Hub.

Herbal medicine. It refers to the remedies and medicines made from herbal

plants.

Herb Hub. It is the Android-based educational game developed in this study

which features herbal plants.

Medicinal Plants. These are plants which having properties that can be used to

treat illness.

Mobile Application. It is a program designed to run on a mobile device such as a

phone or tablet.

Acceptability. The level of acceptance of the application.

 14

Usability. Usability refers to the quality of a user's experience when interacting

with products or systems.

Methodology

The researchers employed the mixture of descriptive and development methods of

research.

On Exploring the Herbal Medicine Practices of Different communities in

metro Vigan

The researchers used the descriptive research design in exploring the different

herbal practices in different communities in metro Vigan. This research design help

provide answers to the questions of who, what, when, where, and how associated with a

particular research problem; a descriptive study cannot conclusively ascertain answers to

why. Descriptive research is used to obtain information concerning the current status of

the phenomena and to describe "what exists" with respect to variables or conditions in a

situation.

Moreover, the observation and interview method were used. According to Center

for Disease Control and Prevention; Observation (2008), Observation is way of gathering

data by watching behavior, events, or noting physical characteristics in their natural

setting. Furthermore, interviews provide a qualitative method of gathering evidence, data

or information. Responses are not usually expressed in numerical terms, as might be the

case with questionnaires.

Articles from Internet sources were used as reference materials in relevance to the

study. Furthermore, observation and interviews with provincial health team leader,

barangay health workers, and local community were conducted to provide a wider
 15

perspective of the local practices on herbal medicine. The researchers presented the

request letter as presented in Appendix A as their initial step in conducting the research.

They have interviewed the head of The Provincial Health Team Leader, The Barangay

Health Workers and the communities in Metro Vigan using the interview guide in

Appendix B.

Herb Hub: An Android Game Application on Herbal Plants

The developmental method, on the other hand, was used to develop the

educational game. Developmental research, as opposed to simple instructional

development, has been defined as the systematic study of designing, developing, and

evaluating instructional programs, processes, and products that must meet criteria of

internal consistency and effectiveness. (Richey, C)

Specifically, the researchers used the Agile Methodology as the software

development model.

Agile software development refers to a group of software development

methodologies based on the iterative development, where requirements and solution

evolve through collaboration between self-organizing cross-functional teams. Agile

methods or process generally promote a discipline project management process that

encourages frequent inspection and adaptation, a leadership philosophy that encourages

teamwork, self- organization and accountability.

Agile methodology was used because of its nature to adapt with the complexity

and coherence of using and incremental discovery approach.

 16

At the end of each iteration we take a breath and look backward and try to

conclude the results. Using these results and the users need we can adjust our initial plan

and create some new goals. This process iterates until our deadline is achieved.

Agile is been widely used in developing products such as games. We are not

focusing on making the whole game from start to finish. For us, it is better to do a little of

everything all the time rather than doing all of one thing at a time.

The next figure shows the steps involved in the Agile methodology.

Figure 1
Agile Methodology

As shown in Figure 1, the Agile Methodology is composed of five phases. Each

of these phases are thoroughly discussed in the next discussions.

Planning and requirement Analysis. At this stage, the cost and benefits of the

project are defined as well as the detailed stages that are to be carried out.

Following this phase, the researchers laid out the necessary tasks to be

accomplished. These include researching on herbal medicine, Android programming,

 17

and game-based applications. The researchers had also set days for meetings wherein

they planned and discussed about the scope, functions, and features of the application

including the flows of process inside it.

According to Turgay Celik (2017), It is very well studied are of software

engineering. At the beginning of requirements analysis, your objective is to define

boundaries of the system, negotiate with the team and other stakeholder, and prepare the

definition of the Minimum Viable Product. The requirements should be detailed or can

even evolve during iterations of development.

Defining Requirements. Once the requirement analysis is done, the next step is

to clearly define and document the product requirements.

The researchers integrated the results of the interviews they had conducted with

health professionals and barangay health workers to be able to feature the local herbal

medicine practices in the app. The researchers defined the requirements carefully so that

they would not be wasting resources. The researchers had listed all the requirements so

that they can easily sort the important things that are needed to accomplish foremost.

Designing the product architecture. Product architecture is the scheme by which

the functional elements of the product are arranged into physical chunks and by which the

chunks interact.

The researchers have carefully designed the product architecture so that the flow

of the application would be fluid. They complete different diagrams to represent data

flow and system processes such as Use Case Diagram, Activity Diagram, and

Hierarchical Input Process Output (HIPO) to understand more the flow of data inside the
 18

application. They also tested different approaches and algorithms to understand and to

show the product architecture.

Use case diagram is a graphic depiction of the interactions among the elements of

a system and is used in system analysis to identify, clarify, and organize system

requirements. In Unified Modelling Language (UML), an Activity diagram is a graphical

representation of an executed set of procedural system activities and considered a state

chart diagram variation. HIPO diagram is a combination of two organized method to

analyze the system and provide the means of documentation.

Robert B Stone, Kristin L Wood, Richard H Crawford (1999), states that

developing product architectures is a key phase in design and development processes. It

encompasses the transformation of product function to alternative product layouts.

Building or developing the product. The development phase marks the end of the

initial section of the process. Additionally, this phase signifies the start of production.

The development stage is also characterized by instillation and change. Focusing on

training can be a huge benefit during this phase.

The front-end of the system was designed using Unity while the C# programming

language was used to program the app’s functions. The researchers also used different

Software Development Kit (SDK) to configure the compatibility of the proposed

application to the different versions of Android.

Building the business case is the last pre-development stage and according to

Robert Cooper (2001), it is a very important stage on the product launch process.

Testing the product. This stage is usually a subset of all the stages as in the

modern Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) models. Specifically, this stage refers
 19

to the testing stage where product defects are reported, tracked, fixed, and retested, until

the product reaches the quality standards defined in the Software Requirement

Specification.

Initially, the researchers will test their product, and fix the errors of which the

application is test by various group of users.

According to Klompmaker, J., Hughes, D. and Haley, R. (1976), test marketing

can tell you if you have a loser, a medium success, or a giant success. It cannot fine-tune

a pay-out plan between a two share and a three share. When you go into test market,

you’ve made the decision to go. The test market can of course alter your plans by giving

you a no-go. But in the absence of bad results, you continue.

Usability Testing for Herb Hub

ISO/IEC 25010:2011 Is a quality in use model composed of five characteristics

that relate to the outcome of interaction when a product is used in a particular context of

use. This system model is applicable to the complete human-computer system, including

both computer systems in use and software products in use.

Quality in use. Is the degree to which a product or system can be used by specific

users to meet their needs to achieve specific goals with effectiveness, efficiency, freedom

from risk and satisfaction in specific contexts of use. The properties of quality in use are

categorized into five characteristics: effectiveness, efficiency, satisfaction, freedom from

risk and context coverage.

Product Quality Model categorizes product quality properties into eight

characteristics (functional suitability, reliability, performance efficiency, usability,

 20

security, compatibility, maintainability and portability). Each characteristic is composed

of a set of related sub characteristics.

Usability degree to which a product or system can be used by specified users to

achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified

context of use.

Among the evaluators of the application were Engr. John C. Foz, Computer

Engineering, Software Engineering, Master of Public Health, Provincial Health Team

Leader of Ilocos Sur and IT experts in Metro Vigan. Data gathered from the evaluation

were summarized and calculated for its sub-mean category and its grand mean. The

results were interpreted using the following Likert Scale.

Table 1
Likert Scale for the Level of Usability Results Interpretation

Point Rating Descriptive Equivalent Rating Descriptive Interpretation

5 4.50-5.00 Excellent Very Highly Usable
4 3.50-4.49 Very Good Highly Usable
3 2.30-3.49 Good Usable
2 1.50-2.49 Fair Fairly Usable
1 1.00-1.49 Poor Not Usable

The mean of the responses ranging from 4.50 and 5.00 means the application has

an “Excellent” quality, and is interpreted as “Very Highly Usable”. A rating between

3.50 and 4.50 is described as “Very Good” which implies that the application is “Highly

Usable”. Rating within the 2.50 – 3.50 range is describe as “Good” or “Usable”. The

1.50 to 2.50 range is described as “Fair” which means that the application is “Fairly
 21

Usable”. The lowest possible rating between 1.00 and 1.50 range is described as “Poor”

which means that the application is “Not Usable”

 Chapter III

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Local Practices in Metro Vigan of Herbal Medicine

Based on the interviews, Metro Vigan has a rich culture of herbal medicine

practices, considering the variety of herbal plants that area available in the locality. Some

barangays even maintain their herbal gardens. In fact, all the 10 herbal plants approved

by the DOH have been traditionally used in Metro Vigan.

Among the local practices are the use of bayabas or guava leaves for wound and

mouth infection. Lagundi for cough, kayanga for boils. Ampalaya is often viewed to be

helpful in controlling blood sugar level. Bawang is used to control and decrease

cholesterol level. Niyog-niyogan is used in deworming. To lower uric acid, pansit-

pansitan is used. Sambong is used for kidney stones. Tsaang gubat is used to relieve

stomachache, while yerba buena is used to treat body pains as a decoction.

An entrepreneur from San Vicente, Ilocos Sur even put up an herbal medicine

company called Gihem, whose most popular products are a natural three-in-one massage

oil, which is made from 14 herbal flowers. Herbal teas such as Mamakabaco tea is

believed to eradicate kidneys stones and work well against urinary tracks infection while

the Amaprod tea cleanses the pancreas.

Overall, herbal plants have specific preparations before they are used as medical

remedy. Such preparations are seen in Table 1.

 21

Table 2
Common Practices on Herbal Plants

Herbal Plants Prepared As Ailments/Uses Local Names

1. Akapulko Pounded Ringworm, Athlete’s foot Andadasi
2. Ampalaya Juice Control blood sugar level Parya
3. Bawang n/a Decrease cholesterol level Bawang
4. Bayabas Decoction Mouth infection, Bayabas
Sore Gums
5. Lagundi Decoction Cough Dangla
6. Niyog-niyogan Raw Deworming ascaris Tartaraok
7. Sambong Decoction Kidney Stones Subsob
8. Pansit-pansitan Decoction Lower uric acid Lin-linnaaw
9. Tsaang-gubat Tea Stomach Ache Icha-ti-bakir
10. Yerba buena Decoction Body pains Yerba Buwena

The Herb hub Game Application

The Herb Hub was designed primarily to feature the 10 Herbal Medicines

approved by DOH, as used and prepared in the local setting.

The Use Case Diagram, as presented in Figure 2, depicts the users as actors and

the processes as use cases. Each process is presented in more details through Activity

Diagrams, labeled as Figures 2-13. An overview of the app’s database is illustrated in the

Enhanced Entity Relationship diagrams (EERD), presented as Figure 14. Specifics of the

database are presented in the database dictionary and data structure.

 22

Figure 2
Use Case Diagram

Herb Hub: An Android Game Application on Herbal Plants

Start New
Play Game Game

Quit Game
Learn

Resume
Game
Manage
Settings

Set Sounds
Player

View
Credits Reset
Game

View
Top Score

The figure for Use Case Diagram (Figure 2) is a graphic depiction of the interactions

among the elements of a system. The Use Case Diagram is used to specify the context of the

system. Use case diagrams are employed in UML (Unified Modeling Language), a standard

notation for the modeling of real-world objects and systems.

The actor is depicted by the stick figure. Actor in a use case diagram is any entity that

performs a role in one given system; it could be a person, an organization, another system or

external device. Use case is depicted with the oval shape. Use case is the functions of the system.

A relationship, represented by the straight lines, shows the connection between the actor and the

use case. The rectangle which contains the use case and the relationship is the system boundary.
 23

Figure 3
Activity Diagram for Learn

Player Herb Hub

Show Button for Herbal

Learn
Plants

Herbal Plant

Show Herbal Plant

Button of
Herbal Plants

The UML Activity Diagram for the use case “Learn”

As displayed in the Figure 3, after the user selects Learn, the user will be able to

view the herbal plant’s pictures and information.

 24

Figure 4
Activity Diagram for Play Game

Player Herb Hub

Play Game

Start New Game

[New Game]

Resume Game
[Resume Game] Play Game
Create or
Resume
Game

Game Play

As displayed in Figure 4, it is shown in the figure on how to create or resume the

game. Start new game allows the user to start a new game and proceeds to the first level

of the game, while the Resume game lets the user load the last level he played.
 25

Figure 5
Activity Diagram for Start New Game

Player Herb Hub

Start New Create New Game

Game

Start level 1 Display Levels

As displayed in Figure 5, Start New Game allows you to create a new game and

starts in the first level of the game.

 26

Figure 6
Activity Diagram for Resume Game

Player Herb Hub

Resume
Load Last Level Played
Game

Resume Level Display Last Level

Played

In Figure 6, in resuming the game, it lets you load the last level you played.
 27

Figure 7
Activity Diagram for Gameplay

Player Herb Hub

Start / Resume Display

Game Challenge

[Out Of time] [complete challenge]

Play video

Display Reward
Restart Game

Quit
Collect Reward

Quit Game

As displayed in Figure 6,
 28

Figure 8
Activity Diagram for Quit Game

Player Herb Hub

Quit play

[Yes] Auto-save game

progress

[No]
Resume Game

Confirm to
Quit
 29

Figure 9
Activity Diagram for Manage Settings

Player Herb Hub

Setting

Set Sound Set Sound

Setting
menu
Reset Game Reset Game
 30

Figure 10
Activity Diagram for Set Sounds

Player Herb Hub

Click music
icon to set
sounds

[On]
Set Sounds On

[Off]
Set Sounds Off
 31

Figure 11
Activity Diagram for View Credits

Player Herb Hub

View Credits

Load Credits
Click Credits
Icon to view

Display Credits
 32

Figure 12
Activity Diagram for Reset Game

Player Herb Hub

Erase Game
Reset Game
Progress

Start New
Show Main Menu
Game
 33

Figure 13
Activity Diagram for View Top Score

Player Herb Hub

Top Score Load Top Score

Main Menu Show Top Score

 34

Figure 14
Enhanced Entity Relationship Diagram

Level

level_num{PK}
hm_id{FK}

1..1

has

1..1
Herbalmed

hm_id{PK}
hm_name Object
obj_id{FK}
1..* consists 1..* obj_id{PK}

obj_name

Herbal Plant

obj_id{PK}
hm_name{FK}
 35

Data Structure with Sample Records

Table 2
Data Structure for Level

Field Name Type Field Size

level_num Int 2
hm_id Varchar 5

Table 3
Sample Record for Level

level_num hm_id
01 aaa1
02 aaa2
03 aaa3

Table 4
Data Structure for Herbalmed

Field Name Type Field Size

hm_id Varchar 5
hm_name String 20
obj_id Varchar 4

Table 5
Sample Record for Herbalmed

hm_id hm_name obj_id

aaa1 Ointment Obj01
aaa2 Juice Obj02

Table 6
Data Structure for Object

Field Name Type Field size

obj_id Varchar 4
obj_name String 20

Table 7
Sample Record for Object

obj_id obj_name
Obj01 Mortar
Obj02 Water
 36

Data Dictionary

Herbalmed = hm_id + hm_name + obj_name

hm_id = 20
{legal_character}
1

hm_name = 20
{legal_character}
1

Level = level_num

Legal_character = [a – z | A – Z]

Legal_number = [0 – 9]

level_num = 20
{legal_number}
1
 37

Object = obj_id + obj_name

obj_id = 20
{legal_character}
1

obj_name = 20
{legal_character}
1

Legend:

= composition

+ and

{} repetition

[] inclusion, either, or

| or
 38

Figure 15
Hierarchical Input-Process-Output for user (HIPO)

Herb Hub
Hidd

Play Setting View Quit

Credits Hidd
Hidd Hidd
Hidd
New Resume Set Reset Learn
Game Game Sounds Game

Top Score
Hidd
 39

Chapter IV

FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

Findings

The researchers were able to develop a game application on herbal plants and

came up with the following:

1. Herbal medicine practices in Metro Vigan.

Metro Vigan has a rich culture of herbal medicine practices, considering

the variety of herbal plants that area available in the locality. Creating and

maintaining herbal gardens in barangays are encouraged. In fact, all the 10

herbal plants approved by the DOH have been traditionally used in Metro

Vigan.

2. Herb Hub: A mobile-based educational game that features local herbal

practices using the Agile Software Process

The researchers used the phases of agile software process as their guide in

developing the application. The Android application was developed based on

collected system requirements and specification obtained by interviewing the

head of the provincial health team leader of Ilocos Sur and Barangay Health

Workers in Metro Vigan. The application was designed to emphasize the

benefits of learning herbal medicine to the user. It has two primary functions:

game and learn. You will enjoy playing and at the same time you are learning.

3. The level of acceptability of the Herb Hub.

d. DOH

e. Barangay Health Workers

 40

f. Local community.

4. Evaluation of the app’s usability.

d. Operability

e. Learnability

f. Understandability

Conclusions

Based on the findings, the researchers have come up with the following

conclusions:

1. The Ilocanos have a rich culture heritage which includes use of herbal

plants as alternative in curing common ailments or sicknesses.

2. The development of the system systematically followed the Agile

Programming process. The application is very useful in promoting herbal

medicine, specifically the 10 herbal plants approved by the DOH.

3. Practicing in making herbal medicine using this application is highly

suggestible as it is just easy to use.

Recommendations

1. A more in-depth research should be done to find other local practices

on herbal medicine.

2. Future updates should be done to integrate any other herbal plants

approved by the DOH, as well as their preparations and ailments treated,

 41

REFERENCES
 42

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alangitbis.html
 43

Eriksson U. (2015). Requirements in Agile Software Development. Retrieved on

February 20, 2019 from https://reqtest.com/agile-blog/requirements-in-agile-
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Irwin G., Turk D. (2005) An Ontological Analysis of Use Case Modeling Grammar.
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medicinal-plants

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Wei Xuan Ee, R., Zhen Yap, K., Yi-Lwern Yap, K. (2018 August) : Herbopolis – A
mobile serious game to educate players on herbal medicines.
Retrieved from Science Direct:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965229918302255
 45

APPENDICES
 46

Appendix A goes here>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

 47

Appendix “B”
QUESTIONNAIRE
1. Is hHerbal Medicine still being used in your barangay (Yes/No) ?

2. If yes;

List of Herbal Plants: Use: Preparations:

* Akapulko _________________ _________________

* Ampalaya _________________ _________________

* Bawang _________________ _________________

* Bayabas _________________ _________________

* Lagundi _________________ _________________

* Niyog-niyogan _________________ _________________

* Pansit-pansitan _________________ _________________

* Sambong _________________ _________________

* Tsaang Gubat _________________ _________________

* Yerba Buena _________________ _________________

(Others, Specify)

* _________________ _________________
 48

* _________________ _________________

* _________________ _________________

2. What are the benefits of Herbal Medicines in your Barangay?

4. Do you like an Android Game that teaches herbal medicines (Yes/No)?

 49

Appendix “C”
Project Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) Chart

PHASES NO. OF WEEKS PREDECESSOR

Planning
A. Requirement Gathering 4 -
B. Requirement Analysis 3 A
C. Requirement 3 B
Specification
D. Requirement Negotiate 3 B
E. Requirement Modelling 3 C,D
F. Requirement 3 E
Management
Risk Analysis
G. Risk Identification 3 F
H. Prioritization of Risk 3 G
I. Risk Reduction 3 H
J. Risk Impact Reduction 3 I
K. Risk Monitoring 4 J
Engineering
L. Development 12 K
M. Testing 4 L
Evaluation
N. Initial Validation by 2 M
Stakeholders
O. Final Validation by 2 N
Customer
 50

Appendix “D”
Project Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) Diagram

1 A=4 2 3 C=3 4
B=3

0 0 4 4 7 7 10 10
D=3

E=3

8 H=3 7 G=3 6 F=3 5

22 22 19 19 16 16 13 13

I=3

9 J=3 10 K=4 11 L = 12 12
25 25 28 28 32 32 44 44

M=4

15 O=2 14 N=2 13

52 52 50 50 48 48
 51

Appendix “E”
Gannt Chart

Process
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O

Legend
Finished

On-Going
 52

Appendix “F”
User Manual

THE MAIN MENU

PLAY

The play button would take you to a map where there are levels from 1 to

10. Each level has corresponding mission, then the game begins.

SETTINGS

The settings button lets you turn on/off sound.

CREDITS

The credits button shows all the resources and developers in making this

game.

LEARN

The learn button opens a mini encyclopedia regarding the 10 Herbal Plants

that are used in the game.

 53

MAIN GAME
PAUSE
BUTTON
TIME

COOKING
PATIENT
AREA

HERBAL
PLANTS

TRASH BIN

HERBAL PLANTS

In this area, the 10 herbal plants to be used in making herbal medicine are

displayed.

PATIENT

In here different people will appear with different ailment or medical needs.

COOKING AREA

Here, this is where the chopping, pounding and boiling takes place.

TIME

In here, time limit is display. Take note that every level has different time limit.

PAUSE

By clicking it, time stops and the papuse menu button would appear where you

can choose from main menu, map, quit or continue.

TRASH BIN

If you have chosen an herbal plant and want to choose another you can click it to

delete the chosen herbal to replace it.

 54

HOW TO PLAY

And now the part you’ve been waiting for…The First Level. Ready to go?

STEPS

STEP 1. Click Play button.

STEP 2. Click Level 1. After level 1 is clicked, your very first mission will appear.

LEVEL 1

STEP 3. Here you have no option but to accept the mission, to accept mission just

click Go button.

ACCEPT
MISSION
 55

STEP 4. Choose the herbal plant you think that can use for the ailment.

10 HERBAL
PLANTS

STEP 5. Here you either chopped or pound the leaf or you can directly give the

herbal plant to the patient. But let’s just pound the leaf by clicking the pestle.

KNIVES

PESTLE

STEP 6. Wait for the leaf to be pounded.

POUNDED
LEAVES
 56

STEP 7. Drag the pounded akapulko to the patient. If the given herbal medicine is

right then the patient would smile, then a video tutorial would appear. If not, game over.
 57

CURRICULUM VITAE
 58

NICOLE A. CANDIA
Puerta Real, Sto. Domingo, Ilocos Sur
09356822234
nicolecandia1998@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Nickname : “Nicx”
Birthday : July 17, 1998
Birth Place : Antipolo City
Status : Single
Citizenship : Filipino
Mother : Regina A. Candia
Father : Randy D. Candia
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary : Tomas Daguinsin Elementary School
Year Graduated : 2011
Secondary : Benito Soliven Academy
Year Graduated : 2015
Tertiary : University of Northern Philippines
Tamag, Vigan City Ilocos Sur
Degree : Bachelor of Science in
Information Technology
Year Graduated : 2019
 59

SEMINARS/ TRAINING ATTENDED

March 26, 2018 “Adobe Lightroom” and “Leading Your

Way”
University of Northern Philippines
Tamag, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur

“Seminars on Netiquette and Media

Information Literacy”
University of Northern Philippines
Tamag, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur

March 27, 2018 “Seminar on 12 Recent Tends and

Challenges of E-Learning in Asian
Region”
University of Northern Philippines
Tamag, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur

“What Makes a Great Employer” and

“Teamwork”
University of Northern Philippines
Tamag, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur

March 28, 2018 “Seminar on Information Literacy and

APA Format for Bibliography Making”
University of Northern Philippines
Tamag, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur

“Success Advice for Starters and Career

Coaching”
University of Northern Philippines
Tamag, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur
 60

MARK DAVE M. BALAURO

Bongtolan, Vigan City
09557707126
markdavebalauro2010@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Nickname : “Devong”
Birthday : October 20, 1997
Birth Place : Gabriela Silang General Hospital
Tamag , Vigan City
Status : Single
Citizenship : Filipino
Mother : Mary Grace M. Balauro
Father : Andres V. Balauro
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary : Camangan Elementary School
Year Graduated : 2010
Secondary : Ilocos Sur National High School
Year Graduated : 2014
Tertiary : University of Northern Philippines
Tamag, Vigan City Ilocos Sur
Degree : Bachelor of Science in
Information Technology
Year Graduated : 2019
 61

SEMINARS/ TRAINING ATTENDED

March 26, 2018 “Adobe Lightroom” and “Leading Your

Way”
University of Northern Philippines
Tamag, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur

“Seminars on Netiquette and Media

Information Literacy”
University of Northern Philippines
Tamag, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur

March 27, 2018 “Seminar on 12 Recent Tends and

Challenges of E-Learning in Asian
Region”
University of Northern Philippines
Tamag, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur

“What Makes a Great Employer” and

“Teamwork”
University of Northern Philippines
Tamag, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur

March 28, 2018 “Seminar on Information Literacy and

APA Format for Bibliography Making”
University of Northern Philippines
Tamag, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur

“Success Advice for Starters and Career

Coaching”
University of Northern Philippines
Tamag, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur
 62

KARL LOIX R. ROBIÑOL

Pusuak, Sto. Domingo I.S
09452561810
karlloix1@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Nickname : “klang/lito”
Birthday : July 8, 1999
Birth Place : San Pedro Sur, Vigan City, I.S
Status : Single
Citizenship : Filipino
Mother : Veneranda R. Robiñol
Father : Adelino V. Robiñol
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary : Vigan Central School
Year Graduated : 2011
Secondary : University of Northern Philippines
Year Graduated : 2015
Tertiary : University of Northern Philippines
Tamag, Vigan City Ilocos Sur
Degree : Bachelor of Science in
Information Technology
Year Graduated : 2019
 63

SEMINARS/ TRAINING ATTENDED

March 26, 2018 “Adobe Lightroom” and “Leading Your

Way”
University of Northern Philippines
Tamag, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur

“Seminars on Netiquette and Media

Information Literacy”
University of Northern Philippines
Tamag, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur

March 27, 2018 “Seminar on 12 Recent Tends and

Challenges of E-Learning in Asian
Region”
University of Northern Philippines
Tamag, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur

“What Makes a Great Employer” and

“Teamwork”
University of Northern Philippines
Tamag, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur

March 28, 2018 “Seminar on Information Literacy and

APA Format for Bibliography Making”
University of Northern Philippines
Tamag, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur

“Success Advice for Starters and Career

Coaching”
University of Northern Philippines
Tamag, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur
 64

APRIL ROSE C. VALENCIA

North Poblacion Bucay, Abra
09261305503
aprilrosev33@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Nickname : “Pring”
Birthday : April 20, 1999
Birth Place : APH Bangued, Abra
Status : Single
Citizenship : Filipino
Mother : Amelyn C. Valencia
Father : Alexander B. Valencia
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary : Dugong Elementary School
Year Graduated : 2011
Secondary : Our Lady of Fatima School
Year Graduated : 2015
Tertiary : University of Northern Philippines
Tamag, Vigan City Ilocos Sur
Degree : Bachelor of Science in
Information Technology
Year Graduated : 2019
 65

SEMINARS/ TRAINING ATTENDED

March 26, 2018 “Adobe Lightroom” and “Leading Your

Way”
University of Northern Philippines
Tamag, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur

“Seminars on Netiquette and Media

Information Literacy”
University of Northern Philippines
Tamag, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur

March 27, 2018 “Seminar on 12 Recent Tends and

Challenges of E-Learning in Asian
Region”
University of Northern Philippines
Tamag, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur

“What Makes a Great Employer” and

“Teamwork”
University of Northern Philippines
Tamag, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur

March 28, 2018 “Seminar on Information Literacy and

APA Format for Bibliography Making”
University of Northern Philippines
Tamag, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur

“Success Advice for Starters and Career

Coaching”
University of Northern Philippines
Tamag, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur