Cassie Sharp

Professor Stalbird

ENG1201

12 March 2019

Casebook: Annotated Bibliography

Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation. London : BioMed Central, 2014-,

2014. ​EBSCOhost​,

sinclair.ohionet.org:80/login?url=​https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&d

b=cat01128a&AN=scc.b1599576&site=eds-live​.

The source has no discernible author, was found on EBSCOhost, and is titled, “Borderline

Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation.” This article is described as being a platform

for professionals interested in the treatment and understanding of BPD, as it is currently

considered a highly difficult disorder to manage. Instead of solely focusing on BPD, this article’s

main purpose is to delve into and explain the different aspects of emotional dysregulation in

relation to other disorders, as well as its prominence found in BPD. The purpose of this article is

simply to educate and holds no bias. It was published in 2014, which means the information is

relatively recent and accurate. I know the authors are credible because the article appeared on the

school’s library database and is published by a medical journal. I will use this source when I

discuss the symptoms of BPD and how those symptoms affect the functioning of the person who

has it.
 ​ ec. 2017,
“Borderline Personality Disorder.” ​National Institute of Mental Health, D

https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml​.

Accessed 26 Feb. 2019.

This source, titled simply, “Borderline Personality Disorder” also has no named author, however,

it does come from a government-operated website known as the National Institute of Mental

Health or NIMH. This article focuses on the symptoms, risk factors, and treatments of BPD in

order to educate the reader on the disorder. This article says that BPD is a personality disorder,

“marked by an ongoing pattern of varying moods, self-image, and behavior. These symptoms

often result in impulsive actions and problems in relationships​” ​(1). The article briefly touches on

the fact that BPD is typically co-morbid with mood disorders such as depression and anxiety, and

may also be accompanied by episodes of intense anger that, “can last from a few hours to days”

(1). Treatments for the disorder usually include medication such as SSRI’s, as well as

psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, or dialectical behavior therapy/DBT. The article

was updated in December of 2017, which furthers its reliability due to its use of current

information. The information in this article will be used the same as my previous one, as it is a

very helpful insight into what the disorder’s symptoms are and how the disorder can be treated.

“Diagnostic criteria for 301.83 Borderline Personality Disorder.” ​BehaveNet,

https://behavenet.com/diagnostic-criteria-30183-borderline-personality-disorder​.

Accessed 27 Feb. 2019.

“Diagnostic criteria for 301.83 Borderline Personality Disorder” is basically just the criteria

described by the DSM-5 as what symptoms need to be present in order for a diagnosis of BPD to
be issued. The DSM is written and revised by the APA, so the information is always kept up to

date and, in turn, is very reliable. The DSM is what licensed clinicians use to diagnose patients

with mental illnesses, so the information found in it has to be completely accurate in order to

avoid misdiagnoses.. This article describes BPD and its diagnostic criteria as:

“[a] pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and ​affects​, and

marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as

indicated by five (or more) of the following:

(1) frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment.

Note: Do not include ​suicidal​ or self-mutilating behavior covered in Criterion 5.

(2) a pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by

alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation

(3) identity disturbance: markedly and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self

(4) impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging (e.g., spending, sex,

Substance Abuse​, reckless driving, binge eating).

Note: Do not include suicidal or self-mutilating behavior covered in Criterion 5.

(5) recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats, or self-mutilating behavior

(6) affective instability due to a marked reactivity of ​mood​ (e.g., intense episodic

dysphoria​, ​irritability​, or ​anxiety​ usually lasting a few hours and only rarely more than a

few days)

(7) chronic feelings of emptiness

(8) inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger (e.g., frequent displays of

temper, constant anger, recurrent physical fights)

 (9) transient, stress-related ​paranoid​ ideation or severe ​dissociative​ symptoms” (1). This

article will be helpful when describing what BPD is in its most basic form and discussing

it as a disorder rather than how the disorder affects one’s behavior.

Gunderson, John G. “Disturbed Relationships as a Phenotype for Borderline Personality

Disorder.” ​The American Journal of Psychiatry, ​1 Nov. 2007,

https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07071125. Accessed 27

Feb. 2019.

The article, “Disturbed Relationships as a Phenotype for Borderline Personality Disorder” was

written by John G. Gunderson M.D., and was published on ​The American Journal of Psychology

in 2007. This article describes the most common trait found in those with BPD, which is a

significant pattern of disturbances in relationships. Gunderson describes, “[t]he relational style of

someone with borderline personality disorder is characterized in the DSM-IV borderline

personality disorder criteria as intense and unstable, marked further by abandonment fears and by

vacillating between idealization and devaluation. These characteristics have offered the best

discriminators for the diagnosis ​(7)​ . They mirror two prototypic variations of insecure

attachments: the “preoccupied” form of attachment marked by pleas for attention or help,

clinging, and checking for proximity alternating with the “unresolved/fearful” (“disorganized” in

children) form of attachment, which is marked by denial, confusion, or fearfulness about

dependency” (1). This intense back-and-forth between devaluation and idealization is often

referred to as black-and-white thinking, which is the most distinct aspect of BPD, which in turn

is why it’s often attributed to the trope of ‘the crazy ex’. This will be useful information when I
discuss what symptoms are misattributed or misunderstood that lead to the heavy stigma

surrounding this disorder.

Hancock, Cameron. “The Stigma Associated with Borderline Personality Disorder.” ​National

Alliance on Mental Illness, 2​ 8 Jun. 2017,

https://www.nami.org/Blogs/NAMI-Blog/June-2017/The-Stigma-Associated-with-Border

line-Personality​. Accessed 26 Feb. 2019.

This article, written by Cameron Hancock in 2017, is titled, “The Stigma Associated with

Borderline Personality Disorder”. It was published on the National Alliance on Mental Illness

website, which is an organization that advocates and educates on the broad topic of mental

illness. While they are not backed by the government, they are a well-respected organization.

The article details exactly what my topic is about, which is the stigma surrounding borderline

personality disorder. Hancock states, “[e]ven though mental health advocates actively fight

stigma associated with mental illness, Borderline Personality Disorder (​BPD​) remains one of the

field’s most misunderstood, misdiagnosed and stigmatized conditions. ​Studies show​ that even

some mental health professionals have more stigmatizing views about BPD than any other

mental health condition: As some choose to limit the amount of BPD patients they’re “willing”

to see or refuse to treat people with BPD altogether” (1). This is actually a point I want to touch

base on, specifically speaking as someone who has experienced this firsthand. I believe this

source will be one of the most valuable ones I use in my paper, as it answers most of the

questions I have in my proposal.

Huizen, Jennifer. “What’s the difference between borderline personality disorder and bipolar?”

Medical News Today, 6​ Feb. 2019,

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324375.php.

The article titled, “What’s the difference between borderline personality disorder and bipolar?” is

written by Jennifer Huizen and reviewed by Dillon Browne, PhD. The fact that this article was

reviewed by someone with a PhD boosts the credibility of the source for academic research,

which is even furthered by the fact that it was recently reviewed and published on the 6th of

February, 2019. This means that the information is likely to be accurate and up-to-date. This

article responds to a really common misconception that BPD is a form of bipolar disorder. While

both disorders can be characterized by frequent mood swings that are very intense in their

severity, these disorders differ in the reasoning behind the changes in mood or demeanor. While

with bipolar disorder this shift in mood is due to chemical imbalances within the brain and is

classified as a mood disorder, the shifts found in BPD are almost always a reaction to an event or

situation and tend to cycle more rapidly than the cycles seen in those with bipolar. This article

will be important in trying to make my reader understand the difference between BPD and other

illnesses, and how that leads to stigmatization.

Straus, Hal, and Jerold Jay Kreisman. ​I Hate You - Don’t Leave Me: Understanding the

Borderline Personality​. Penguin Group Inc., 1989.

I Hate You - Don’t Leave Me​ is a book written by Hal Straus and Jerold Jay Kreisman. While

this work was originally written and published back in 1989, it has proven itself to be relevant

throughout the past decades. It has been referenced and reviewed by many medical professionals
who have verified the information that is contained in the book. The book has many testimonies

from people diagnosed with the disorder and gives the reader an interesting insight into the lives

of those who have BPD. The book often goes into detail describing the thought processes and

feelings of those with BPD, making sure to include those who are aware of their disorder and

how they work to recover. This source will be useful to me in many ways, as it has been

personally in my past. It has multiple real-life testimonies, medical information, as well as

detailed descriptions of how the stigma surrounding BPD affects individuals who have it.