Comber

Construction Design of a Nipper in Comber Machine

The nipper assembly (Fig. 40) is of enormous importance to the design of a comber. The mass of the nippers must be
accelerated and decelerated back to rest twice per nipper cycle (up to 7 times per second in modern machines). A low-
mass nipper assembly – for example, made of aluminum alloy – is therefore advantageous. Also, the nipper assembly
has to clamp a relatively thick lap batt (up to 80 ktex) firmly and evenly. The nipper plates themselves must therefore be
made of steel (at least the clamping region), and the upper plate must be stiff while the lower plate is slightly springy.
The upper nipper is mounted so that it can pivot on the lower nipper on pivot axis (a), and can therefore be raised and
lowered. Two springs (8), one each to right and left of the nipper assembly, generate the required contact pressure for
the nipper closing. The so-called bite must have a special form, as illustrated in Fig. 41. The nose (n) is designed to press
the fiber fringe downward during clamping, so that the fringe cannot escape the action of the circular combs.

Figure: Construction of a Nipper

Class Note

Requirement of Nipper for Comber

 Endurances of Higher Speed of Nipper

 To Keep pace with the torsion or torque of Detaching Roller
 Should be light weighted
 As well as Robust in Nature (stronger but light weighted)
 Made of Aluminium+Magnesium Alloy as it has less weight than steel or other
metals.

Detaching distance is also very important. On old combers the distance between the feed rollers within the nipper plates
and the detaching rollers (in their nearest position) was too wide, strictly speaking the distance between the feed roller
and the nipper mouth. This always resulted in slightly uncontrolled fiber extraction during the combing and detaching
operation. Rieter solved this problem in a simple way by shifting the feed roller closer to the nipper mouth, and
improving web guidance within the nipper installation by means of a special guide plate at the feed roller (Fig. 40, 1).
This arrangement saves quite a considerable amount of good fibers.

Construction of cylinder comb:

Fig: Circular Comb

Contradictory Issues for increasing No of Head in Comber

1. Head to head noil variation will be high

2. Head to head mean length variation
3. In combed sliver ultimate CV% will be high
4. Double Sided Comber
Design of Top Comb

The replaceable top comb (Fig. 47, F and Fig. 48) is arranged between nippers (Z) and detaching rollers (A) so that the
fiber fringe can be drawn through the needles of the top comb during detaching. The top comb usually comprises a
holder (Fig. 48, H) to which needle bar (B) is secured by screws. The needles are soldered to the bar.
The holder mounts the top comb on the lower nipper plate so that the top comb swings with that plate. The needles
have a flattened cross-section and a bend. Apart from its participation in the swinging movements of the nippers, the
top comb is fixed, i.e. it is not subject to any additional and complicated up-and-down movements. During detaching the
fiber fringe is pressed into the needles of the comb automatically. The depth of penetration is very important and is
therefore designed to be adjustable. The spacing from the detaching rollers is also adjustable.

RI-Q-TOP

Top comb Ri-Q-Top

Short fibres, neps and trash are extracted from the back part of the fibre tufts. This completes the work of the circular
comb to perfection. Rieter top combs are available in different needle densities to suit the different combing noil and
quality requirements and cottons. Extremely tough, ideal hardening and excellent self-cleaning effect are additional
arguments in favour of Rieter top combs.

APPLICATION
Waste extraction can be influenced by altering the penetration depth of the top comb. The main improvement is seen in
the elimination of fibre neps. As always, however, it is necessary to find the optimum setting. Over-deep penetration
would hamper the fibre movements during piecing. Rieter top combs are available with different point densities,
depending on the type of cotton used and

Clutch Introduction A Clutch is ia machine member used to connect the driving shaft to a driven shaft, so that the driven
shaft may be started or stopped at will, without stopping the driving shaft. A clutch thus provides an interruptible
connection between two rotating shafts Clutches allow a high inertia load to be stated with a small power. A popularly
known application of clutch is in automotive vehicles where it is used to connect the engine and the gear box. Here the
clutch enables to crank and start the engine disengaging the transmission Disengage the transmission and change the
gear to alter the torque on the wheels. Clutches are also used extensively in production machinery of all types
Mechanical Model Two inertia’s I and I and traveling at the respective angular velocities ω 1 2 1 and ω2, and one of
which may be zero, are to be brought to the same speed by engaging. Slippage occurs because the two elements are
running at different speeds and energy is dissipated during actuation, resulting in temperature rise. ω1 Ι1 Ι1 ω2 Clutch or
brake Dynamic Representation of Clutch or Brake Figure 3.2.1

Torque Transmitted
A simplified centrifugal clutch is shown in Fig. 24.23A and enlarged view of section is shown in Fig. 24.23B. A cylindrical clutch casing
contains four heavy blocks or shoes, which form the friction surfaces. The driving member consists of. a spider carrying the four shoes,
which are kept away from contact with the clutch case by means of the flat springs. Engagement of the clutch takes place when the
centrifugal force overcomes the resistance of the springs. The power is transmitted by friction between the surfaces of the shoes and
the clutch case.

Fig. 24.23. Automatic centrifugal clutch (simplified).

The intensity of pressure between the contact surfaces is assumed to be uniform and also the angle subtended at the centre, O, by the
arc of contact is assumed to be small. In fact the assumption of uniform intensity of pressure is not strictly correct. The tangential friction
force causes the tilting of the radial guides. Thus the resultant radial pressure on each shoe shifts from the centre line of the shoe.
Let, p = the permissible intensity of normal pressure on the lining, Pa

2a = the angle subtended at the centre by the effective arc of contact, degrees
b = the width of the clutch plate surface, m
 Useful when the required bobbin speeds are not attained by changing the change wheel only.
 Normal position of this rail is parallel to belt guide.
 If this rail inclination is more steep, the extension of the wire rope is not completely transferred to the belt guide. Shift ing of the belt taken place
through smaller steps than those corresponding directly to paging out of the rope in the builder motion.
 Reverse effect if the rail inclination is made less steep
 Figure 4 : Reversing mechanism for bobbin rail movement

From Figure 4, reversal of the rail movement originates from the reversing gear (1/2/3).

An electrically operated valve pressurizes the left and right chambers of the double acting cylinders alternatively.

So that, the left hand clutch (1) and right hand clutch (2) are operated successively so that the pinion (3) is meshed either with gear wheel 1 (or)
gear wheel 2.

The shaft 10, on which gear wheels 1 & 2 are mounted, always rotates in the same direction. Accordingly, operation of clutch (1) or (2) causes left
or right hand rotation of the pinion 3 and shaft 4. The bobbin rail is correspondingly raised or lowered via the bevel gear 5, pinion 6, sprocket 7 and
lifting chain 8.

Cone drum change wheel: If the diameter of the tube is altered. The starting speed of the bobbin must be adapted correspondingly. Since the
ratchet wheel has not been operated at this stage, the adaptation cannot be performed by way of the builder motion.

Ratchet change wheel determines the amount by which the belt is shifted upon each operation of the ratchet and therefore must be adapted
precisely to increase in the bobbin diameter.