12.

Hallar la distancia que recorre una partícula que se desplaza sobre la

curva C: 𝑋 2 + 𝑌 2 + 𝑍 2 = 1 Λ 𝑋 + 𝑍 =
1 √2 1
1 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝐴⟨1|0|0⟩ ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝐵 ⟨ | | ⟩
2 2 2

𝐶: 𝑋 2 + 𝑌 2 + 𝑌 2 = 1 ⋯ ⋯ (1) 𝑋+𝑍 =
1 √2 1
1 ⋯ ⋯ (2) 𝐴⟨1|0|0⟩ 𝐵 ⟨ | | ⟩
2 2 2

𝐸𝑛 (2) Elevando al cuadrado:

(𝑥 + 𝑧)2 = 1 𝑥 2 + 𝑧 2 + 2𝑥𝑧 = 1

𝑥 2 + 𝑧 2 = 1 − 2𝑥𝑧 ⋯ ⋯ (3)

𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 (3) 𝑒𝑛 (1)

𝑦 2 + 1 − 2𝑥𝑧 = 1 ⟹ 𝑦 2 = 2𝑥𝑧 ⋯ ⋯ (4)

⟹ 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒: 𝑥 = 𝑇 ⟹ 𝑒𝑛 (2)

𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑥, 𝑧 𝑒𝑛 (2)

𝑦 2 = 2(𝑇)(1 − 𝑇)

𝑌 = √2𝑇(1 − 𝑇) ⟹ 𝑌 = √2(1 − 𝑇 2 )

𝑓⃗(𝑇) = ⟨𝑇|√2(𝑇 − 𝑇 2 )|1 − 𝑇⟩

𝑆𝑒𝑎: 𝑇 = 1 ⟹ 𝐴⟨1|0|0⟩

1 − 2𝑇 1 √2 1
𝑓⃗ (𝑇)= ⟨1| |−1⟩ 𝑆𝑒𝑎 ⟹ ⟨2 | 2 | 2⟩
√2(𝑇 − 𝑇 2 )

1 (1 − 2𝑇)2
𝑓⃗ (𝑇) = ∫ √(1)2 + 2 + (−1)2
1
2 [√2(𝑇 − 𝑇 2 )]
 1 1
2𝑇(1 − 2𝑇)2 4𝑇 − 4𝑇 2 + 1 − 4𝑇 + 4𝑇
⃗
𝑓(𝑇) = ∫ √ =∫ √
1 2(𝑇 − 𝑇 2 ) 1 2(𝑇 − 𝑇 2 )
2 2

1
= ∫√ 𝑑𝑇
2(𝑇−𝑇 2 )

√2 1 1
𝑓= ∫ √ 𝑑𝑇
2 1 𝑇 − 𝑇2
2

√2 1 1
∫ √ 𝑑𝑇
2 1 − [𝑇 2 − 2 𝑇 + 1 − 1]
2
2 4 4

√2 1 1
∫ 𝑑𝑇
2 1 1 2𝑇 − 1 2
2 √
−
4 ( 2 )

√2 1 1 cos 𝑑𝛽
∫ .
2 1 1 sin2 𝛽 2
2 √
−
4 4

√2 1 1 cos 𝑑𝛽 √2 1 2
∫ 2 . ; ∫ 𝑑𝛽
2 1 √cos 2 𝛽 2 2 1 2
2 2

√2 1 √2
∫ 𝑑𝛽 = 𝛽 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑜 sin 𝛽 = 2𝑇 − 1 ⟹ sin−1 (2𝑇 − 1)
2 1 2
2

√2 −1
⟹ sin (2𝑇 − 1)
2

√2 𝜋 √2
[ − 0] = 𝜋
2 2 4