‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺸﺭ‬

‫ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‬

‫‪Air Duct Design‬‬

‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺘﻜﻴﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻟﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻴﻑ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻑ ﻭﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺨﺭﺝ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﻴﺘﻔﺭﻉ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻤﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﺴﺤﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻑ ﻭﺘﺩﻭﻴﺭ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺯﺝ ﻟﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻴﺠﺏ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺘﺜﺒﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻤﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﻟﻜل‬
‫ﻏﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺴﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ ﺭﺴﻡ ﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺤﻰ ﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﻤﻭﻀﺤﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻁﻭل ﻜل ﻤﻤﺭ ﺜﻡ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻗﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﺒﺈﺤﺩﻯ ﻁﺭﻕ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺜﻡ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺤﺔ ﻟﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻰ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‪.‬‬

‫ﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻨﻅﻡ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‬

‫ﻨﻅﻡ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻰ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻴﻑ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻑ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻭﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل‬
‫ﻟﺩﻓﻊ ﻤﻌﺩل ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻑ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻫﻰ ﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﻭﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻁﺭ ﻭﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﻫﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺭﻭﺤﺔ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻓﻰ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﺘﺭﺒﻁﻪ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺤﺠﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﻤﺭﻭﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺘﻭﻓﺭﻫﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﻘﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺘﺠﻨﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺌﻕ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺘﺠﻨﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺎﺌﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﻭﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻟﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻀﻭﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻭﺡ ﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺍﻟﻀﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺠﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻻ ﺘﺯﻴﺩ ﻋﻥ ‪. 20 o‬‬
‫• ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻁﻴل ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﺘﺭﺏ ﺒﻘﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻑ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺀ‪.‬‬

‫‪Website: http://guider55.4t.com‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪Refrigeration and Air Conditioning‬‬

‫• ﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺼﻨﻊ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﻤﻠﺴﺎﺀ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﻔﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻟﻭﻤﻨﻴﻭﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺒﺭﺠﻼﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻨﻌﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﻭﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺨﺸﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻭﻀﻊ ﻤﺨﺎﻨﻕ ﺃﻭﻤﺤﺎﺒﺱ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﺭﺝ‪.‬‬

‫ﻁﺭﻕ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ )‪(Methods of Air Duct Design‬‬

‫ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﻭﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ ﻭﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻰ ﺜﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻁﺭﻕ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻴﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻤﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻟﻜل ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻁﻭل ﻓﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﺜﻡ ﻨﻔﺭﺽ ﺴﺭﻋﺎﺕ ﺃﻗل ﻓﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻘل ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺠﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﻰ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺠﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺎﺘﻴﻜﻰ ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻰ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺘﻨﺨﻔﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﻘﻁﺘﻴﻥ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻠﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺎﺘﻴﻜﻰ ) ‪. ∆P1− 2 = 0.5ρ (V12 − V22‬‬
‫ﻭﺴﻭﻑ ﻨﺫﻜﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺼﻴﺔ ﻻﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻨﻅﻡ ﻨﻘل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻟﺴﺭﻋﺎﺕ ﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ ﺃﻗل ﻤﻥ ‪ 10 m / s‬ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ‪.‬‬

‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻜﺎﻙ )‪(Equal friction method‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﻟﻜل ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻁﻭل ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺤﺴﺏ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻟﻜل ﻏﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺴﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻯ ﺜﻡ ﻨﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻰ ﻜل ﻤﻤﺭ ﻓﺭﻋﻰ ﺜﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﻭﻨﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺩل ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ ،(١-١٠‬ﺜﻡ ﻨﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻟﻜل ﻤﺘﺭ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ ﻨﻔﺭﺽ ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻟﻜل ﻤﺘﺭ ﻓﻰ ﺒﺎﻗﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﻜل ﻤﻤﺭ ﻓﺭﻋﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (٢-١٠‬ﻴﻌﻁﻰ ﻟﺯﻭﺠﺔ ﻭﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (٣-١٠‬ﻴﻌﻁﻰ ﺨﺸﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‪.‬‬

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Table (10-1) Recommended maximum main duct velocity in m/s.
Application Main Duct Branches
Supply Return Supply Return
Residences, Homes 5 4 3 3
Hotels, Hospitals 8 7 6 5
Offices 10 8 8 6
Theatres 7 6 5 4
Banks, Restaurants 10 8 8 6

Table (10-2) Air dynamic viscosity and density

Temperature, o C μ Pa.s ρ kg/m3
10 17.708 x 10-6 1.247
20 18.178 x 10-6 1.204
25 18.413x 10-6 1.184
30 18.648 x 10-6 1.164
40 19.118 x 10-6 1.127
50 19.588 x 10-6 1.092

Table (10-3) Surface roughness of some duct materials

Material Roughness, ε, mm
Cost Iron 0.26
Steel commercial 0.046
Concrete 0.3 – 3.0
Wood 0.18 – 0.9
Galvanized Iron 0.15
Aluminum 0.04
Fiber glass 0.10
Smooth Glass, Plastic 0.00

Example 10-1
An air duct system shown below, determine the size of main duct and branches
using equal friction method.

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‫‪Main Duct A→B‬‬
‫ﻨﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻜل ﻤﺨﺭﺝ‪.‬‬
‫‪Qt = Q1 + Q2 + Q2‬‬
‫‪Qt = 4 + 3 + 1 = 8 m3 / s‬‬

‫ﻨﻔﺭﺽ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻭﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﺘﺘﻌﺩﻯ ‪ 10 m / s‬ﺜﻡ ﻨﺤﺴﺏ ﻗﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪Assume the velocity in main duct A→B‬‬
‫‪V = 8 m/ s‬‬
‫‪π 2‬‬
‫= ‪Qt‬‬ ‫‪d V‬‬
‫‪4‬‬

‫‪4×8‬‬
‫=‪d‬‬ ‫‪= 1.128 m‬‬
‫‪π ×8‬‬
‫ﻨﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫‪fL V 2‬‬
‫‪∆P = ρ‬‬
‫‪d 2‬‬
‫ﻨﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺨﺸﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ ﺘﺒﻌﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ ﻭﻫﻰ ﺼﺎﺝ ﻤﺠﻠﻔﻥ‪،‬‬
‫‪ε 0.00015‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.000133‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪1.128‬‬
‫ﻨﺤﺴﺏ ﺭﻗﻡ ﺭﻴﻨﻭﻟﺩﺯ ﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ‪.‬‬
‫‪ρVd 1.184 × 8 × 1.128‬‬
‫= ‪Re‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪−6‬‬
‫‪= 5.80 × 10 5‬‬
‫‪µ‬‬ ‫‪18.413 × 10‬‬

‫ﻤﻥ ‪ Moody chart‬ﻭﺒﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ﺭﻴﻨﻭﻟﺩﺯ ‪ Re‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ε / d‬ﻨﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻜﺎﻙ ‪ ، f‬ﺜﻡ ﻨﺤﺴﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﻟﻜل ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻁﻭل‪.‬‬
‫‪f = 0.0145‬‬
‫‪fL V 2‬‬ ‫‪0.0145 × 30 8 2‬‬
‫‪∆P = ρ‬‬ ‫× ‪= 1.184‬‬ ‫×‬ ‫‪= 14.61 Pa‬‬
‫‪d 2‬‬ ‫‪1.128‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪∆P 14.61‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.487 Pa / m‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫ﻨﺜﺒﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻭﻁ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻟﻜل ﻤﺘﺭ ‪ Pa / m‬ﻓﻰ ﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺊ ﺒﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﺭﺽ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻜﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ ﻨﺤﺴﺏ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ‬

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‫ﻨﺼﺤﺢ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺘﻡ ﺤﺴﺎﺒﻬﻤﺎ ﺜﻡ ﻨﻜﺭﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻤﺭﺓ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻜل ﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﺃﺨﺭ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Branch B→E‬‬
‫ﻨﻔﺭﺽ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻜﺎﻙ ‪ f‬ﺒﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔﹰ ﻭﻟﺘﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺜﻡ ﻨﺤﺴﺏ ‪ V ، d‬ﻤﻥ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ‪.‬‬
‫‪π 2‬‬
‫= ‪Q = AV‬‬ ‫‪d V‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪4Q‬‬ ‫‪16Q 2‬‬ ‫‪V2‬‬ ‫‪8Q 2‬‬
‫=‪V‬‬ ‫‪, V = 2 4‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪= 2 4‬‬
‫‪π d2‬‬ ‫‪π d‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪π d‬‬
‫‪∆P‬‬ ‫‪f V2‬‬ ‫‪f 8Q 2‬‬ ‫‪8Q 2‬‬
‫‪=ρ‬‬ ‫‪=ρ‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪ρ‬‬‫‪f‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪d 2‬‬ ‫‪d π 2d 4‬‬ ‫‪π 2d 5‬‬
‫‪8 ρfQ 2‬‬ ‫‪8 × 1.184 × 0.0145 × 1‬‬
‫‪d =5‬‬ ‫‪=5‬‬ ‫‪= 0.491 m‬‬
‫‪π ∆P / L‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪π 2 × 0.487‬‬
‫‪4Q‬‬
‫=‪V‬‬ ‫‪= 5.281 m / s‬‬
‫‪πd 2‬‬
‫ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ ‪ d‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ ‪ V‬ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺭﻗﻡ ﺭﻴﻨﻭﻟﺩﺯ ‪ Re‬ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﻨﺩﺨل ‪ Moody chart‬ﺜﻡ ﻨﺤﺴﺏ ‪f‬‬

‫ﻭﻨﻜﺭﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻤﺭﺓ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪.‬‬

‫‪First correction of d and V‬‬
‫‪ρVd 1.184 × 5.281 × 0.491‬‬
‫= ‪Re‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪−6‬‬
‫‪= 1.66 × 105‬‬
‫‪µ‬‬ ‫‪18.413 × 10‬‬
‫‪ε 0.00015‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.000305‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.491‬‬
‫‪f = 0.016‬‬

‫‪d = 0.501 m‬‬

‫‪V = 5.073 m / s‬‬

‫‪Second correction of d and V‬‬

‫‪ρVd 1.184 × 5.073 × 0.501‬‬
‫= ‪Re‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪−6‬‬
‫‪= 1.63 × 10 5‬‬
‫‪µ‬‬ ‫‪18.413 × 10‬‬
‫‪ε 0.00015‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.000299‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.501‬‬
‫‪f = 0.016‬‬

‫ﺤﺼﻠﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻔﺱ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻗﻴﻡ ‪ V ، d‬ﻟﻥ ﺘﺘﻐﻴﺭ‪.‬‬

‫‪d = 0.501 m‬‬
‫‪V = 5.073 m / s‬‬
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‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ‪ V ، d‬ﻨﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺭﻯ ﻟﻜﻰ ﻨﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺘﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻗﻴﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺩل ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺴﻭﺏ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺨﻁﺄ‪.‬‬
‫‪π 2‬‬ ‫‪π‬‬
‫= ‪Qcal = AV‬‬ ‫‪d V = × 0.5012 × 5.073 = 1.000069 m3 / s‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Acceptable value of d and V for Q = 1 m3 / s .‬‬
‫‪Branch B→C‬‬
‫ﻨﻔﺭﺽ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻜﺎﻙ ‪ f‬ﺒﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔﹰ ﻭﻟﺘﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺜﻡ ﻨﺤﺴﺏ ‪ V ، d‬ﻤﻥ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ‪.‬‬

‫‪8ρfQ 2‬‬ ‫‪8 × 1.184 × 0.016 × 7 2‬‬

‫=‪d‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪= 1.091 m‬‬
‫‪π 2 ∆P / L‬‬ ‫‪π 2 × 0.487‬‬
‫‪4Q‬‬ ‫‪4×7‬‬
‫= ‪V= 2‬‬ ‫‪= 7.489 m / s‬‬
‫‪πd‬‬ ‫‪π × 1.0912‬‬

‫ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ ‪ d‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ ‪ V‬ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺭﻗﻡ ﺭﻴﻨﻭﻟﺩﺯ ‪ Re‬ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﻨﺩﺨل ‪ Moody chart‬ﺜﻡ ﻨﺤﺴﺏ ‪f‬‬

‫ﻭﻨﻜﺭﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻤﺭﺓ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪.‬‬

‫‪First correction of d and V‬‬
‫‪ρVd 1.184 × 7.489 × 1.091‬‬
‫= ‪Re‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪−6‬‬
‫‪= 5.25 × 10 5‬‬
‫‪µ‬‬ ‫‪18.413 × 10‬‬
‫‪ε 0.00015‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.000137‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪1.091‬‬
‫‪f = 0.0146‬‬

‫‪d = 1.071 m‬‬

‫‪V = 7.768 m / s‬‬

‫‪Second correction of d and V‬‬

‫‪ρVd 1.184 × 7.768 × 1.071‬‬
‫= ‪Re‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 5.35 × 10 5‬‬
‫‪µ‬‬ ‫‪18.413 × 10 −6‬‬
‫‪ε 0.00015‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.00014‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪1.071‬‬
‫‪f = 0.0146‬‬

‫ﺤﺼﻠﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻔﺱ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻗﻴﻡ ‪ V ، d‬ﻟﻥ ﺘﺘﻐﻴﺭ‪.‬‬

‫‪d = 1.071 m‬‬
‫‪V = 7.768 m / s‬‬

‫ﻨﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺘﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺩل ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻊ ﻗﻴﻡ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺴﻭﺒﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪π 2‬‬ ‫‪π‬‬
‫= ‪Qcal = AV‬‬ ‫‪d V = × 1.0712 × 7.768 = 6.998 m3 / s‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Acceptable value of d and V for Q = 7 m3 / s .‬‬
‫‪Branch C→F‬‬
‫ﻨﻔﺭﺽ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻜﺎﻙ ‪ f‬ﺒﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔﹰ ﻭﻟﺘﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺜﻡ ﻨﺤﺴﺏ ‪ V ، d‬ﻤﻥ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ‪.‬‬

‫‪8ρfQ 2‬‬ ‫‪8 × 1.184 × 0.0146 × 3 2‬‬

‫‪d =5‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪= 0.7632 m‬‬
‫‪π 2 ∆P / L‬‬ ‫‪π 2 × 0.487‬‬
‫‪4Q‬‬ ‫‪4×3‬‬
‫= ‪V= 2‬‬ ‫‪= 6.557 m / s‬‬
‫‪πd‬‬ ‫‪π × 0.76212‬‬

‫ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ ‪ d‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ ‪ V‬ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺭﻗﻡ ﺭﻴﻨﻭﻟﺩﺯ ‪ Re‬ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﻨﺩﺨل ‪ Moody chart‬ﺜﻡ ﻨﺤﺴﺏ ‪f‬‬

‫ﻭﻨﻜﺭﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻤﺭﺓ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪.‬‬

‫‪First correction of d and V‬‬
‫‪ρVd 1.184 × 6.557 × 0.7632‬‬
‫= ‪Re‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪−6‬‬
‫‪= 3.22 × 10 5‬‬
‫‪µ‬‬ ‫‪18.413 × 10‬‬
‫‪ε 0.00015‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.000197‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.7632‬‬
‫‪f = 0.0163‬‬

‫‪d = 0.780 m‬‬

‫‪V = 6.275 m / s‬‬

‫‪Second correction of d and V‬‬

‫‪ρVd 1.184 × 6.275 × 0.780‬‬
‫= ‪Re‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 3.15 × 10 5‬‬
‫‪µ‬‬ ‫‪18.413 × 10 −6‬‬
‫‪ε 0.00015‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.000192‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.780‬‬
‫‪f = 0.0164‬‬

‫ﻨﻔﺱ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻨﺎﻩ ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻟﻥ ﺘﺘﻐﻴﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪d = 0.780 m‬‬
‫‪V = 6.275 m / s‬‬

‫ﻨﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺘﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺩل ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻊ ﻗﻴﻡ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺴﻭﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪π 2‬‬ ‫‪π‬‬
‫= ‪Qcal = AV‬‬ ‫‪d V = × 0.78 2 × 6.275 = 2.9984 m3 / s‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Acceptable value of d and V for Q = 3 m3 / s .‬‬

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‫‪Branch C→D‬‬
‫ﻨﻔﺭﺽ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻜﺎﻙ ‪ f‬ﺒﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔﹰ ﻭﻟﺘﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺜﻡ ﻨﺤﺴﺏ ‪ V ، d‬ﻤﻥ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ‪.‬‬

‫‪8ρfQ 2‬‬ ‫‪8 × 1.184 × 0.0164 × 4 2‬‬

‫‪d=5‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪= 0.8764 m‬‬
‫‪π 2 ∆P / L‬‬ ‫‪π 2 × 0.487‬‬
‫‪4Q‬‬ ‫‪4× 4‬‬
‫= ‪V= 2‬‬ ‫‪= 6.630 m / s‬‬
‫‪πd‬‬ ‫‪π × 0.85512‬‬

‫ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ ‪ d‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ ‪ V‬ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺭﻗﻡ ﺭﻴﻨﻭﻟﺩﺯ ‪ Re‬ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﻨﺩﺨل ‪ Moody chart‬ﺜﻡ ﻨﺤﺴﺏ ‪f‬‬

‫ﻭﻨﻜﺭﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻤﺭﺓ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪.‬‬

‫‪First correction of d and V‬‬
‫‪ρVd 1.184 × 6.630 × 0.8764‬‬
‫= ‪Re‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪−6‬‬
‫‪= 3.74 × 10 5‬‬
‫‪µ‬‬ ‫‪18.413 × 10‬‬
‫‪ε 0.00015‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.000171‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.8764‬‬
‫‪f = 0.0157‬‬

‫‪d = 0.869 m‬‬

‫‪V = 6.747 m / s‬‬

‫‪Second correction of d and V‬‬

‫‪ρVd 1.184 × 6.747 × 0.869‬‬
‫= ‪Re‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪−6‬‬
‫‪= 3.77 × 10 5‬‬
‫‪µ‬‬ ‫‪18.413 × 10‬‬
‫‪ε 0.00015‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.000173‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪0.869‬‬
‫‪f = 0.0159‬‬

‫‪d = 0.869 m‬‬

‫‪V = 6.747 m / s‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻟﻴﺱ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻗﻴﻡ ‪ V, d‬ﻟﻥ ﺘﺘﻐﻴﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻨﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺘﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺩل ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻊ ﻗﻴﻡ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺴﻭﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪π 2‬‬ ‫‪π‬‬
‫= ‪Qcal = AV‬‬ ‫‪d V = × 0.869 2 × 6.747 = 4.002 m3 / s‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Acceptable value of d and V for Q = 4 m3 / s .‬‬

‫ﻨﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻓﻰ ﺠﺩﻭل ﻟﻴﺴﻬل ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻰ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺤﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪Results‬‬
‫)‪∆P / L = 0.487 (Pa/m‬‬
‫‪Section‬‬ ‫)‪L (m‬‬ ‫) ‪Q ( m3 / s‬‬ ‫)‪V (m / s‬‬ ‫)‪d (m‬‬ ‫) ‪Qcal (m3 / s‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬

‫‪A-B‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪8.00‬‬ ‫‪1.128‬‬ ‫‪8.000‬‬ ‫‪0.0145‬‬

‫‪B-C‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪7.77‬‬ ‫‪1.071‬‬ ‫‪6.998‬‬ ‫‪0.0146‬‬
‫‪C-D‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪6.75‬‬ ‫‪0.869‬‬ ‫‪4.002‬‬ ‫‪0.0159‬‬
‫‪B-E‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪5.07‬‬ ‫‪0.501‬‬ ‫‪1.000‬‬ ‫‪0.016‬‬
‫‪C-F‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6.275‬‬ ‫‪0.780‬‬ ‫‪2.998‬‬ ‫‪0.0164‬‬

‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ‬

‫ﻟﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﻫﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﺼﻨﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﻔﻥ ﻷﻨﻪ ﺸﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ‬
‫ﻟﻜل ﻤﺘﺭ ﻭﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻓﻕ ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﻭﺍﺀ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ‪ T = 20 o C‬ﻭﻀﻐﻁ‬
‫‪ ، P = 1.01325 bar‬ﻭﺴﻭﻑ ﻨﻜﺭﺭ ﺤل ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ‪.‬‬
‫‪Qt = 8 m3 / s‬‬

‫ﻨﻔﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﺒﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪V = 8 m/ s‬‬
‫ﺒﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ‪ Q = 8 m3 / s‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ ‪ V = 8 m / s‬ﻟﻠﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﺒﺸﻜل‬
‫)‪ (١-١٠‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ‪ ،‬ﻨﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻭﻫﻭ ‪ ∆P = 0.5 Pa / m‬ﻭﻨﺭﺴﻡ‬
‫ﺨﻁ ﺭﺃﺴﻰ ﻭﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ﻟﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ ﺒﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻟﻜل ﻤﻤﺭ ﻨﺤﺩﺩ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ‪.‬‬

‫‪Fig. 10-1 Duct friction chart‬‬

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 ‫ﻨﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻓﻰ ﺠﺩﻭل ﻟﻴﺴﻬل ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻰ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Results‬‬
‫)‪∆P / L = 0.5 (Pa/m‬‬
‫‪Section‬‬ ‫)‪L (m‬‬ ‫) ‪Q ( m3 / s‬‬ ‫)‪V (m / s‬‬ ‫)‪d (m‬‬ ‫) ‪Qcal (m3 / s‬‬
‫‪A-B‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪8.00‬‬ ‫‪1.135‬‬ ‫‪8.094‬‬
‫‪B-C‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪7.80‬‬ ‫‪1.080‬‬ ‫‪7.145‬‬
‫‪C-D‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪6.90‬‬ ‫‪0.875‬‬ ‫‪4.149‬‬
‫‪B-E‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪4.80‬‬ ‫‪0.515‬‬ ‫‪0.999‬‬
‫‪C-F‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6.30‬‬ ‫‪0.780‬‬ ‫‪3.010‬‬

‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺼﻴﺔ )‪(Velocity reduction method‬‬

‫ﻓﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻨﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﺜﻡ ﻨﻔﺭﺽ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺘﻨﺎﻗﺼﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻜل ﻤﻤﺭ ﻨﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ‬
‫ﻟﻜل ﻤﺘﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻤﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺴﻭﻑ ﻨﻜﺭﺭ ﺤل ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺼﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Qt = 8 m3 / s‬‬

‫ﻨﻔﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﺒﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪V = 8 m/ s‬‬
‫ﺒﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻨﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻟﻜل ﻤﺘﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪d = 1.135 m‬‬
‫‪∆P = 0.5‬‬ ‫‪Pa / m‬‬

‫ﻟﻜل ﻤﻤﺭ ﻓﺭﻋﻰ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﻨﻔﺭﺽ ﻗﻴﻡ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺘﺘﻨﺎﻗﺹ ﻓﻰ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪Assume the velocity in each branch with gradually reduction.‬‬
‫‪B→C:‬‬ ‫‪V = 7 m/ s‬‬
‫‪B→E:‬‬ ‫‪V = 7 m/ s‬‬
‫‪C → D:‬‬ ‫‪V = 6 m/ s‬‬
‫‪C→F:‬‬ ‫‪V = 6 m/ s‬‬

‫ﻟﻜل ﻤﻤﺭ ﻓﺭﻋﻰ ﺒﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻨﺤﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻟﻜل‬
‫ﻤﺘﺭ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ ﻨﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻓﻰ ﺠﺩﻭل‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪Results‬‬
‫‪Section‬‬ ‫)‪L (m‬‬ ‫) ‪Q ( m3 / s‬‬ ‫)‪V (m / s‬‬ ‫)‪d (m‬‬ ‫) ‪Qcal (m3 / s‬‬ ‫)‪∆P (Pa/m‬‬

‫‪A-B‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪8.00‬‬ ‫‪1.135‬‬ ‫‪8.094‬‬ ‫‪0.50‬‬

‫‪B-C‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪7.00‬‬ ‫‪1.130‬‬ ‫‪7.020‬‬ ‫‪0.38‬‬
‫‪C-D‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪6.00‬‬ ‫‪0.925‬‬ ‫‪4.032‬‬ ‫‪0.38‬‬
‫‪B-E‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪7.00‬‬ ‫‪0.430‬‬ ‫‪1.017‬‬ ‫‪1.35‬‬
‫‪C-F‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6.00‬‬ ‫‪0.800‬‬ ‫‪3.016‬‬ ‫‪0.45‬‬

‫ﻨﻼﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻰ ‪ B→E‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﺒﻪ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻭﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ ﺼﻐﻴﺭ ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺘﺨﻔﻴﻀﻬﺎ ﺨﻼل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﺽ ﻤﻔﺎﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻜﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻨﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔﹰ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻭﻟﺘﻜﻥ )‪ 4.5 (m / s‬ﻭﻨﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻭﻨﺴﺠل ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻓﻰ ﺠﺩﻭل‪.‬‬
‫‪Results after decreasing the velocity in branch B→E‬‬
‫‪Section‬‬ ‫)‪L (m‬‬ ‫) ‪Q ( m3 / s‬‬ ‫)‪V (m / s‬‬ ‫)‪d (m‬‬ ‫) ‪Qcal (m3 / s‬‬ ‫)‪∆P (Pa/m‬‬

‫‪A-B‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪8.00‬‬ ‫‪1.135‬‬ ‫‪8.094‬‬ ‫‪0.50‬‬

‫‪B-C‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪7.00‬‬ ‫‪1.130‬‬ ‫‪7.020‬‬ ‫‪0.38‬‬
‫‪C-D‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪6.00‬‬ ‫‪0.925‬‬ ‫‪4.032‬‬ ‫‪0.38‬‬
‫‪B-E‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪4.50‬‬ ‫‪0.54‬‬ ‫‪1.031‬‬ ‫‪0.40‬‬
‫‪C-F‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6.00‬‬ ‫‪0.800‬‬ ‫‪3.016‬‬ ‫‪0.45‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺊ ﻟﻠﻤﻤﺭ‬

‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻗﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻨﻘل ﻭﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎﹰ ﻤﺎﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﺠﺎﺭﻯ‬
‫ﻫﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﺴﺘﻁﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻁﻊ ﻟﺘﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻭﺡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻰ ﻭﺍﻷﺴﻘﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﻯ ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻓﺭﺽ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻭﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪d = 1.3‬‬
‫(‬‫) ‪ab‬‬
‫‪0.625‬‬

‫‪(a + b )0.25‬‬
‫)‪(10-1‬‬

‫ﻤﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ )‪(Air outlets‬‬

‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻤﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻑ ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻨﻭﻋﻬﺎ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻓﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻐﻭل ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻓـﺔ‬
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‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ‪ 1.8 m‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻰ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ‪ ± 1 o C‬ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻬـﻭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ‪ 0.15 m / s‬ﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﻓﻰ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺠﻠﻭﺱ ﺃﻭ ‪ 0.3 m / s‬ﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﻓﻰ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺜﺒﺕ ﻤﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺌﻁ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺴﻔل ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻑ ﻓﻰ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺘﻜﻴﻴﻑ ﺼﻴﻔﻰ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺴﻔل ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺌﻁ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﻀـﻴﺔ ﺃﺴـﻔل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺍﻓﺫ ﻓﻰ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻓﺌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ )‪(Types of Air Outlet‬‬
‫ﻤﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺸﺒﻜﻴﺔ )‪(Grille outlets‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻰ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﻤﺜﺒﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻗﻀﺒﺎﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺘﻌﺎﻤﺩﺓ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﻐﺭﺽ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻬـﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﻴﻭﺠـﺩ ﺒﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺨﺎﻨﻘﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻨﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺴﻘﻑ )‪(Ceiling diffuser‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺘﻭﻀﻊ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻟﻠﻐﺭﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺴﺎﻭﻯ ﻓﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﺄﺨـﺫ ﺸـﻜل ﺩﺍﺌـﺭﻯ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺒﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻨﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺸﻘﻴﺔ )‪(Slot diffuser‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻰ ﻤﺨﺭﺝ ﻁﻭﻴل ﺒﻪ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﻁﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺒﺎﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ ﻟﻠﻐﺭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺸﻜل )‪ (٢-١٠‬ﻴﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺽ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‪.‬‬

‫‪Fig. 10-2 Types of air outlet‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺍﺸﺭ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺴﺭﻋﺘﻪ ﻓﻰ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ‪ 2.5 ~ 3.5 m / s‬ﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺭﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻴﻘﻁﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﺝ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﺼل ﺴﺭﻋﺘﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪0.25 m / s‬‬

‫ﺘﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻴﺔ ‪ ،Blow or Throw, X‬ﻭﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻴﺔ ﻴﺘﻭﻗﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻯ ﻟﻜل ﻤﺘﺭ ﻤﺭﺒـﻊ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (٤-١٠‬ﻴﻌﻁﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻴـﺔ ‪ X‬ﻭﺍﻟﻁـﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻴـﺯ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻐﺭﻓﺔ ‪ L‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﺃﻗﺭﺏ ﺤﺎﺌﻁ ﺒﺎﻟﻐﺭﻓﺔ‪.‬‬

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‫‪Table (10-4) Blow or throw length of some outlets‬‬
‫‪Outlet‬‬ ‫‪Q (W / m2 ) X / L‬‬ ‫‪Outlet‬‬ ‫) ‪Q (W / m2‬‬ ‫‪X/L‬‬

‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪1.8‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪0.8‬‬

‫‪Grille wall‬‬ ‫‪190‬‬ ‫‪1.8‬‬ ‫‪Ceiling diffuser‬‬ ‫‪190‬‬ ‫‪0.8‬‬
‫‪125‬‬ ‫‪1.6‬‬ ‫‪Round or Square‬‬ ‫‪125‬‬ ‫‪0.8‬‬
‫‪65‬‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪65‬‬ ‫‪0.8‬‬

‫ﻤﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ )‪(Air Fan‬‬

‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﻓﻰ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻴﻑ ﻓﻰ ﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﻨﻘل ﻭﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺜﺒﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺤﺔ ﻋﺎﺩﺓﹰ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺨﺭﺝ‬
‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺘﻐﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻓﻰ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﺍﻷﻨﺎﺒﻴﺏ ﻭﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺒﺭﻨﻭﻟﻠﻰ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺃﻯ ﻤﻘﻁﻊ ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺘﻴﻜﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎﻤﻴﻜﻰ ﻭﻤﻔﺎﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺒﺱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻨﺎﺒﻴﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺒﺭﻨﻭﻟﻠﻰ ﻭﺃﻫﻤﺎل ﻤﻔﺎﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻷﺤﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻨﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻰ‪:‬‬
‫‪P1 V12‬‬ ‫‪P V2‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+ gZ1 = 2 + 2 + gZ 2‬‬ ‫)‪(10-2‬‬
‫‪ρ‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪ρ‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪ρV 2‬‬
‫‪Or, P +‬‬ ‫‪+ ρgZ = C‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪PS + PV + PZ = PT‬‬ ‫)‪(10-3‬‬
‫‪If no difference between two sections, dZ = 0‬‬
‫‪PS + PV = PT‬‬ ‫)‪(10-4‬‬
‫‪Where, PS static pressure, PV , velocity pressure and PT total pressure.‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺒﺭﻨﻭﻟﻠﻰ ﻓﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﻔﺎﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻨﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻰ‪:‬‬

‫‪PS1 + PV1 = PS 2 + PV 2 + ∆PL‬‬ ‫)‪(10-5‬‬

‫‪Where, ∆PL total pressure drop of friction and minor losses between 1 and 2.‬‬

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 ‫ﻓﻰ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻤﺭﻭﺤﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺸﻐل ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺒﺭﻨﻭﻟﻠﻰ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‪:‬‬

‫‪PS1 + PV1 + FTP = PS 2 + PV 2 + ∆PL‬‬ ‫)‪(10-6‬‬

‫‪Where, FTP is the pressure rise due to fan work and is called Fan Total Pressure.‬‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ‪ ∆P L‬ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﻤﻔﺎﻗﻴـﺩ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻜـﺎﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻗﻴـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺒﺱ‪.‬‬
‫‪∆P L = ∆P F + ∆P M‬‬ ‫)‪(10-7‬‬
‫‪fL V 2‬‬
‫‪Friction losses, ∆PF = ρ‬‬
‫‪d 2‬‬

‫‪ρV 2‬‬
‫‪Minor losses, ∆PM = K‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻭﻀﻊ ﻤﻔﺎﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺒﺭﻨﻭﻟﻠﻰ ﻤﻊ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺭﻭﺤﺔ ﻟﺒﺫل ﺸﻐل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺤﺔ ﺘﺴﺤﺏ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻯ ﻭﺘﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﺒﺈﻫﻤﺎل ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﺨﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ ﻀﻐﻁ ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻯ ﻀﻐﻁ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﻭﻫﻤﺎ ﻀﻐﻁ ﺠﻭﻯ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ∆PF‬‬ ‫‪∆PM Ve2 ‬‬

‫∑‪& ‬‬
‫‪∴ Power = m‬‬ ‫∑‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ρ‬‬ ‫‪ρ‬‬ ‫‪2 ‬‬
‫)‪(10-8‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪L V2‬‬ ‫‪V 2 Ve2 ‬‬
‫‪=m‬‬‫‪& ∑ f‬‬ ‫‪+∑K‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2 ‬‬

‫ﻓﻰ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﻜﻰ ﻨﺤﺴﺏ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻟﻨﻘل ﻭﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻰ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻴﻑ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ‬
‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻔﺎﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺭﻭﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺘﺜﺒﺕ ﻓﻰ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻓﻰ ﻜل ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪-١٠‬‬
‫‪ (٥‬ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻟﻸﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻯ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪.‬‬

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Table (10-5) pressure drop in air handling unit and fitting coefficient
Component ∆P (Pa) Fitting K
Damper 50 Round inlet 0.4
Filter 100 Fan discharge to main duct 0.3
Cooling coil 150 Branch from main duct 0.4
Eliminator 50 Standard 90 o elbow 0.75
Heating coil 150 Expander 0.75
Air washer 100 Reducer 0.05
Mixing to air fan 50 Damper 0.2
Exit grille 0.5

(Fan Power) ‫ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺤﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺤﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻨﻘل ﻭﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻌﻴﺩ ﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻭﻨﺤﺩﺩ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺸﻜل‬
‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺒﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻔﺼﻴﻼﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﺒﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬
،‫ﻤﻨﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻤﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻑ ﻭﺨﻭﺍﻨﻕ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬
:‫ﻭﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺤﺔ ﻫﻰ‬

Fan Power by applying Modified Bernoulli’s Equation as

  ∆P  LV2 V 2 Ve 
2
Power = m∑ 
&  +∑ f + ∑K + 
  ρ  Air Handling d 2 2 2 
(10-9)
  ∆P   1 ∆P   V2  V  
2
& ∑ 
=m  + ∑  × L  + ∑  K  +  e
 
  ρ  Air Handling ρ L  Friction  2  Fitting  2  Exit 

Example 10-2
In example 10-1, reshape the duct system and estimate the required power of the
air fan.
Solution
After reshaping the air duct system and making a clear layout, with applying the
energy equation, the power required for air fan can be obtained.

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 Reshaping the air duct system with air handling unit

  ∆P  L V2 V 2 Ve2 
& ∑ 
Power = −W = m  +∑ f +∑K + 
  ρ  Air Handling d 2 2 2 

  ∆P   1 ∆P   V2  V2  
& ∑ 
=m  + ∑  × L  + ∑  K  +  e  
  ρ  Air Handling ρ L  Friction  2  Fitting  2  Exit 

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   ∆P   1 ∆P   V2   Ve2  
Power = ρV ∑ 
&  + ∑  × L  + ∑  K  +   
  ρ  Air Handling ρ L  Friction  2  Fitting  2  Exit 

 50 + 100 + 150 + 50 + 150 + 50  

  
  1.184  Air Handling 
Power = 1.184 × 8
  30 × 0.487 82  
 +  + 0.3 ×  
  1.184 2  A− B 
 15 × 0.487 7.77 2 
+ 1.184 × 7 + 0.05 × 
 1.184 2  B− C

 75 × 0.487 6.75 2 
+ 1.184 × 4 + (0.05 + +0.2 + 0.75 + 0.5 + 1) 
 1.184 2 C−D
 30 × 0.487 5.07 2 
+ 1.184 × 1 + (0.4 + 0.2 + 0.5 + 1) 
 1.184 2  B− E
 15 × 0.487 6.28 2 

+ 1.184 × 3 + (0.4 + 0.2 + 0.5 + 1) 
 1 .184 2  C −F
Power = 4607.811 + 63.644 + 415.83 + 46.566 + 169.005 = 5302.856 W
Power = 5.303 kW

Problems
1- For air duct system shown below, calculate the size and air velocity in each
branch with using equal friction method. Estimate the power required for air
fan. Assume air flow rate per exit is 1 m3 / s .

2- Calculate the size and air velocity with velocity reduction method of each
branch in the below air duct system and air fan power required.

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3- For system shown below, size the main duct and branches with friction pressure
drop of 0.75 Pa / m and the air fan power.

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