Metalurgi Serbuk

P.3
Kamis 28 Februari 2019

Definisi :
Powder Metallurgy Process (P/M process) atau Proses Metalurgi Serbuk
 Proses yang menggunakan serbuk logam sebagai bahan baku yang diletakkan (kompaksi)
di dalam cetakan sesuai bentuk yang diinginkan atau bentuk yang lebih rumit yang
kemudian dilanjutkan dengan proses pemanasan (sinter) untuk menghasilkan bentuk
padat.
 Teknologi pengolahan logam yang menggunakan serbuk logam untuk menghasilkan
produk.
 Seni dari pembuatan serbuk logam dan penggunaannya menjadi benda-benda yang dapat
digunakan.

Biasanya proses poduksi PM meliputi :

1. Penekanan (pressing) : serbuk ditekan menjadi bentuk yang diinginkan untuk
menghasilkan green compact. Biasanya dalam proses ini menggunakan penekanan dan
cetakan.
2. Sintering : green compact dipanaskan untuk mengikat partikel atau serbuk
menjadi keras dan padat. Temperatur sinter dibawah temperature leleh.

Powder Metallurgy (PM) Processing :

Metal  Powder  Metal product

Catatan untuk green compact :

1. The density of green ceramic body provides valuable information needed to control the
quality of a ceramic piece (after sintering) with respect to its final size, porosity and
structural integrity. The quality of sintered powder compact depends srongly on the
quality of green compact (green density and and microstructure). The green density
determines the amount of shrinkage required to density a ceramic and has an influence
upon the densification rate or the microstructure of the ceramic. The green density is also
important in evolution of processing-related defects (cracking, end-capping, blistering)
consolidation of high performance materials.
2. Green density tells how well is the powder get compacted before sintering. And as
explained in previous comment, according to this we design sintering process strategy.
3. Green density, as mentioned above, is a measure to the toughness of the green compact as
well as the effectiveness of the forming and sintering processes. However, sometimes the
green density is required for its self like the case in the pharmacy and catalysis industries.
 1. The density of the green powder is strongly dependent of the grain morphology. To have
a better compact powder, it is prefereable to have a spherical grains shape with bimodal
size distribution.
2. What is meant by the term green compact.
Answer :
The green compact is the pressed but not yet sintered PM part 10.8 describe what
happens to the individual particles during compaction.
Answer :

Pendahuluan :
1. Prinsip metalurgi serbuk sudah digunakan oleh Mesir untuk membuat produk dai sebelum
abad 3000.
2. Penggunaan emas, perak, tembaga, kuningan (Cu-Zn), dan serbuk untuk perhiasan secara
umum pada masa abad pertengahan.
3. Sekarang ini, proses PM dikembangkan dengan memperbaiki perlakuan panasnya,
komposisi serbuknya dan metode prosesnya sehingga dihasilkan produk dengan densitas
dan sifat mekanik yang jauh lebih baik dari material konvensional.
4. Sehingga proses PM menjadi salah satu teknik pembuatan produk untuk komponen-
komponen yang memiliki bentuk yang kompleks dengan tingkat keakuratan ukuran yang
tinggi untuk skala produksi yang besar dan ongkos produksi yang rendah.

Why Powder Metallurgy is Important ?

1. PM parts can be mass produced to net shape or near net shape, eliminating or reducing
the need for subsequent machining.
2. PM process wastes very little material ~97% of starting powders are converted to
product.
3. PM parts can be made with a specified level of porosity, to produce porous metal parts.
4. Filter, oil-impregnated bearings and gears.

More Reasons Why PM is Important

1. Certain metals is that are difficult to fabricate by other methods can be shaped by powder
metallurgy.
2. Tungsten filaments for incandescent lamp bulbs are made by PM.
 3. Certain alloy combinations ad cerments made by PM cannot be produced in other ways.
4. PM compares favorably to most casting processes in dimensional control.
5. PM production methods can be automated for economical production.

Limitation and Disadvantages

1. High tooling and equipments costs.
2. Metallic powders are expensive.
3. Problems in stroring and hanling metal powders.
4. Degradations over time, fire hazards with certain metals.
5. Limitation on part geometry because metal powders do not readly flow laterally in the
during pressing.
6. Variation and density throughout part may be a problem especially for complex
geometris.

The Future of Powder Metallurgy

1. High volume production of precise, high quality structural parts from ferrous alloy.
2. Consolidations of high performance material.
3. Fabrication of difficult to process materials.
4. Economical consolidation of specially alloys, typically composites.
5. Synthesis of nonequilibrium materials such as amorphous, microcrystalline of metastable
alloys.
6. Processing of complex parts with unique ingredients or uncommon shapes.