• Pavement Interactive

– Pavement Interactive
– Pavement Interactive Maps
• Online training for the HMA industry
• Other UW developed tools
 Pavement Tools Consortium
A public partnership to further develop and apply
computer-based pavement-oriented tools. The
major focus of the partnership is the
enhancement of pavement-related training and
construction.

4
 Members
• California DOT
• FHWA
• Florida DOT
• Idaho DOT
• Illinois DOT
• Kansas DOT
• Maryland SHA
• Minnesota DOT
• Texas DOT
• Washington State DOT
5
Encyclopedias and Some
“New” Terms
Encyclopedias—Online and Otherwise

Encyclopedia/ No. of Articles Avg Number Links to Photos and

Collection of Words per Websites Illustrations
Article
Wikipedia ∼ 2,700,000 435 2,100,000 726,000
(English only)
Britannica Online >122,000 370 2,000 video
clips
Encyclopedia Britannica 65,000 680 24,000
2007 (32 vol. print set)

Microsoft Encarta >62,000 200 >29,000 >26,000

Premium 2009

Notes: (1) Article stats as of January 2009 but others a bit older, (2)
Direct comparisons are a bit unfair given the excellent media
provided by Britannica and Microsoft.
Wikipedia
 Textbooks & Pamphlets

10
 Computer-Based

11
 Web-Based

12
Pavement Interactive

An online reference and collaboration center for

all things pavement within an wiki-based platform.
Definitions
• A wiki is a type of website that allows the visitors
themselves to easily add, remove and otherwise edit
and change some available content. This ease of
interaction and operation makes a wiki an effective tool
for collaborative authoring.

• Page: is a resource of information that is suitable for

the World Wide Web and can be accessed through a
web browser and may provide navigation to other web
pages via hypertext links. Any individual topic within
the Pavement Interactive. Pages include articles,
redirects, user pages, talk pages, documentation and
special pages.
Definitions

• Portals: Pages intended to serve as "Main Pages" for

specific topics or areas. Pages that feature categories,
articles, or images about the Portal's theme subject—
currently for the Pavement Interactive Portals are
specific State DOTs and the FHWA. They can also
include category lists.

• Categories: A topic with a list of articles.

• Article: A page that has specific technical content in it.

Portals, Categories, Articles
Portal: Seattle Articles about specific restaurants
Salmon
House

Category: Restaurants in Metropolitan

Grill
Seattle
Burger
Baja
Master
Fresh

Zao
Costa’s
Articles
Chinook’s
Salmon Baja Metropolitan
House Fresh Grill McDonalds
Jak’s
Steak

Zao Costa’s Burger

Master

Jak’s
Steak Chinook’s McDonalds
 Portals, Categories, Articles
Portal: Seattle Articles about specific restaurants
Salmon
House

Category: Seafood Metropolitan

Grill
Restaurants in Seattle
Burger
Baja
Master
Fresh

Zao
Costa’s
Articles
Chinook’s

McDonalds
Jak’s
Steak
Salmon Chinook’s
House

17
What is Pavement Interactive?
It’s a:
• Reference desk,
• Communication hub,
• Collaboration tool,
• Training tool, and a
• Research platform, and …
Why Wiki?
• Flexible
• Allows for user interaction and two-way
communication
• Growth through community effort
• Underlying engine is maintained (open-source)
• Sustainable
Core Modules
• Pavement Types • QC & QA
• Materials • Specifications
• Design Parameters • Pavement Evaluation
• Mix Design • Rehabilitation
• Testing • Maintenance
• Structural Design • Pavement
• Construction Management
Pavement Interactive Stats
• Stats as of January 2009
• 5,200 pages
• 600 articles
• 1,500 media items
• 13 core modules
• 433,000+ page views
• 165 registered users
Visits from 191 countries from Jan 3, 2008 to Jan 2, 2009

80,000 visits in one year

Visits from 7,733 cities from Jan 3, 2008 to Jan 2, 2009
Daily visits from July through Dec 2008

Maximum of 600 visitors/day

Page views from Jan 08 through Dec 2008

423,000 total page views with a

maximum of about 4,000/day
 Pavement Interactive Maps

26
Why Pavement Interactive Maps?
• Develop a Google map based application for
infrastructure use
– Online
– Map based works anywhere
– Flexible data entry—create your own templates
• Application based on Google Maps and
associated application programming interface
(API).
• Potential for viewing and entering data via PDA,
iPhone, etc.
Why Pavement Interactive Maps?
• Prior experience with HMA View—an online
database for storing and displaying information
about HMA mix design and construction
information.
– Numerous agencies and contractors liked the
application but all wanted it customized.
• Can be applied to pavement maintenance
activities, pavement construction, etc.
– Customizable by the user.
Google maps scale and views
Adding a location on a map…in this case SR 500
Choose a Category and Template
Choose a Category
Choose a Template
Data template for HMA density
Free-form description
A view of entered content
Attach a photo to a location
Choose a photo to upload
 Attach a photo to a location

39
Photo can be viewed as a thumbnail…

40
Photo can be viewed at a larger scale
Attach a file to a location
Choose a file to upload
pdf file loaded and can be viewed
URL to Pavement Interactive Maps

http://www.pavementinteractive.org/index.
php?title=Pavement_Interactive:Maps
What is next for the PI and PI Maps?

• Pavement Interactive
– Continue to add articles
– Decide on long-term management
• Pavement Interactive Maps
– Release for beta test and survey users
– Add download capability for data
– Decide on long-term management
Online Training for the Hot Mix Industry

The triple convergence:

– Education
– Industry
– Technology
Education
Types of Education
• Formal
– Subject matter expert driven
– Prepared prior to delivery
– Delivered in a variety of ways, including:
• physical classroom
• virtual online classroom
• video conferencing
• Informal
– Self learning
– Peer-to-peer or on the job
The Importance of Training
• Informed, skillful people are the cornerstone for
successful business
– Adapt to industry growth and change
– Differentiate your company or agency
– Solve problems effectively
– Increase quality
– Increase productivity

Paving in Ballard, circa 1900

from UW Libraries NW Collection
How We Typically Train
• Classroom Training
– Short courses
– Seminars
– Conferences

• Limitations
– Location requirement
– Time requirement
– Size constraint
How We Typically Train
The Challenge of Training
• Content Quality
• Delivery
• Cost
• Knowledge Retention
• Participant Accountability
How We Measure Education

• Quizzes
• Demonstrated skills
• Assignments
• Attendance
California Course Participants
100%
90%
90%
Asphalt Pavement Fundamentals
80% 75%
Percentage of Total Attendance

Asphalt Mix and Structural Design

70%
Concrete Pavement Fundamentals
60%

50% 45%
40%
40%

30%

20% 15%

10% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5%
4%
1% 1% 1%
0%
Caltrans Engineers Local Agencies Special Authorities Private Consultants Contractors and
(Cities and (Port, Bridge, etc.) Material Suppliers
Counties)
Attendee Category
Source: Larry Santucci (2002)
Recent Trends
• University of Phoenix is now the largest
university in the United States with 240,000
students with delivery via 170 locations (or
campuses) and online. About ½ of the students
complete their degrees online and ½ via
attending classes at UP campuses.
Percentages Graduating

Year High School Bachelors Degree or

or higher higher
1940 24 5
1950 34 6
1960 41 8
1970 55 11
1980 67 17
1990 78 21
2000 84 26
2007 86 29

Source: US Census Bureau for population 25 yrs old and over.

Industry
Hot Mix Industry Snapshot
• Over 500 million tons of HMA paved in 2008
• Employs over 300,000 persons directly
• 4,000 asphalt plants in the US
• 100 million tons of asphalt pavement reclaimed
each year with 95% reused.

Source: NAPA
 Contractor customers
Customers Number % of Highway
miles
Private ?
Public
Federal 5 3%
State 52 20%
Counties 2,815 45%
Towns and townships 14,051 30%
Municipalities 18,100 combined with towns

Other (state parks, etc) -- 2%

Totals 35,023 100%
Source: TRB Special Report 261, 2001.
Industry Trends
• Consolidation of companies
• Growing demands for accountability
– Design / Build
– Design / Build / Maintain
– Warranties
• HMA technology and equipment continues to
evolve
• Challenge to “keep current”
Newer technologies

• Material Transfer Vehicle (MTV)

• Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA)
• Warm Mix Asphalt
• Intelligent Compaction
• Perpetual Pavement
• Superpave
• And more…
Technology
Technology
• Technology is Everywhere
– Microelectronics in your car,
toaster, alarm clock, cell phone,
camera, TV
– Fundamentally changing the way
business operates
Trends
• Wireless broadband service is evolving rapidly.
Allows Internet delivery to:
– Office
– Field
– Classroom
– Home Wi-Fi

Cellular

Wi-MAX
Bluetooth
Trends
• Music, Video, Radio subscription services
• On demand Television
– DVR technology (Tivo)
– Online downloads of movies and TV shows
• Television schedules are becoming irrelevant
• Apple’s iTunes online music store now sells
more music than Tower Records or Borders
Time vs. Cost
Item $/minute
Typical cost of a cell phone call $0.05

Mariners baseball game (one ticket) $0.22

($40 tickets)
Rolling Stones concert (one ticket) $0.83
($100 tickets)
Super Bowl XLIII (one ticket) $10.00
($2,350 as of 1/4/09 on Ticketvision.com)
One Bud Light commercial during Super $5,000,000.00
Bowl XLIII
What is Online Training?
• A type of formal training
• Sometimes referred to as:
– E-Learning
– Online Learning
• Delivered via the Internet
• Available anytime, anywhere
Online vs. Traditional

Online Training Traditional Training

Fits your schedule Specific time, specific place

Unlimited class size Fixed class size

Consistent, easily Variable delivery,

updatable, reusable short half- life
Online Training Snapshot
• Typically delivered via a Learning Management
System (LMS)
• Industry standards for packaging and delivery
• To date, mainly focuses on soft skills, and
information technology skills (management and
computers)
Methods of Online Training
• Self Directed Learning

• Guided Learning

• Blended Learning
Self Directed Learning
• Learn at your own pace
• Interactive multimedia experience
• Cross references and linking
• “Just-in-time” training
• Searchable reference
• Delivery through a web-based interface
Guided Learning
• Similar to Self Directed Learning (SDL), but
participant is led through material rather than
self discovery
• Usually fixed time length
• Audio or video to lead the participant
• Easily converted to other languages such as
Spanish
Blended Learning
• Combination of Self Directed and Classroom
• Participants come to class with basic knowledge
and can spend time solving problems
• More effective use of training instructors
• Classroom time is invaluable
Benefits of Online Training
• Typically requires 40 to 60% less time than
similar content delivered in a classroom setting
• Equivalent effectiveness to classroom
• Readily and quickly distributed throughout a
company or agency
• Ease of updating
• Removes time and location requirement
• Reduces the overall cost of training
Case Study: Caterpillar
• Examined their internal cost to deliver
traditional vs. online training

E-Learning savings expressed as a %

Courses and lessons
• Courses
– One lesson
– Multiple lessons
• Lessons
– 30-60 minutes in length
– May build on each other
• Only requires access to the Internet
Pricing
• Similar to traditional training model
• Per user per course
• Subscription makes courses available for 12
months
Time vs. Cost
Item $/minute
Online Training $0.50-$1.50
Online Masters in Construction $0.75-$1.00
Engineering at UW
1-day traditional training course $2.50
(loaded cost)
Basic Hot Mix Lay down $250
($75/ton and 2,000 tons/day)
Basic Hot Mix Lay down $500-$750
(including traffic control, site prep, etc.)
Industry Partnership

• NAPA has teamed up with Pavia Systems to

provide high quality content for the industry
• NAPA member benefits
– Discounted course pricing
– Quality review by NAPA
• Course development jointly managed
Other resources developed at UW

• Data management solutions

• Pavement guides
• Virtual Superpave Laboratory
 Interactive Pavement Guides
HAPI Asphalt
Pavement Guide

NAPA Guide for Hot Mix Asphalt

Pavement
Interactive Pavement Guides
WSDOT Pavement Guide
Virtual Superpave Laboratory
Some Current Users
Questions?