MAJOR PROJECT REPORT

on

Smart Dustbin
Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Technology (B. Tech)

in

Computer Science and Engineering

Submitted by:
Himangshu Borah
Mousam Shoif
Student ID:
ET14BT0148
ET14BT0151
Under the Supervision and Guidance of

MR. AMLAN JYOTI BARUAH

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

School of Engineering and Technology

Department of Computer Science and Engineering
The Assam Kaziranga University
March 2018
 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEEING
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
THE ASSAM KAZIRANGA UNIVERSITY
JORHAT-785006 :: ASSAM :: INDIA

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled Smart Dustbin, submitted to the
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kaziranga University, in
partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in
Computer Science and Engineering, is a record of bona fide work carried out by
Mr. Himangshu Borah, Roll No. ET14BT0148 and Mr. Mousam Shoif,
Roll No. ET14BT0150 under my supervision and guidance.

All help received by her from various sources have been duly acknowledged.
No part of this report has been submitted elsewhere for award of any other degree.

………………………….. ………….…………………..

(Dr. Prasanta Gogoi) Project Supervisor

HOD, Dept. of CSE Amlan Jyoti Baruah

Designation: Assistant Professor

Department: CSE

i
 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
THE ASSAM KAZIRANGA UNIVERSITY, JORHAT-785006
Evaluation Sheet
(Major Project)

Name of the Student(s): Himangshu Borah Title of the Report: Smart Dustbin
Mousam Shoif
Roll Number(s): ET14BT0148
ET14BT0151
Paper Code:
Academic Programme: Bachelor of Technology (Computer Science and Engineering)
School: School of Engineering and Technology

Date: ____/03/2018 Time: ____:_____

This report is a bonafide work carried out by Mr. Himangshu Borah and Mousam Shoif and
submitted for the award of the degree Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science and
Engineering. It is evaluated and recommended by the following expert panel.

Panel members:
Supervisor(S)/Mentor(s):
Name Signature

Internal Members:
Name Signature

Approved by:
Head of the Department

ii
 ABSTRACT
As people are getting smarter so are the things. While the thought comes up for Smart cities
there is a requirement for Smart waste management. The idea of Smart Dustbin is for the smart
buildings, colleges, hospitals, office, classroom, etc. The Smart Dustbin thus thought is an
improvement of normal dustbin by elevating it to be smart using logics. Smart dustbins is a
new idea of implementation which makes a normal dustbin smart using motor, wheel, motor
driver, and controlling these using modem. As soon as the dustbin is used after that we remotely
send it back to its position or without touching the bin we send back to its position.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our profound sense of deepest gratitude to our guide and motivator
Mr. Amlan Jyoti Baruah, Assistant Professor, Computer Science and Engineering Department,
The Assam Kaziranga University, Jorhat for his valuable guidance, sympathy and co-operation
for providing necessary facilities and sources during the entire project. We wish to convey our
sincere gratitude to all the faculties of Computer Science and Engineering Department who
have enlightened us during our studies. The facilities and co-operation received from the
technical staff of Computer Science and Engineering Department is thankfully acknowledged.

We express our thanks to all those who helped us in one way or other.

Place: Jorhat Himangshu Borah (ET14BT0148)

Date: -03-2018 Mousam Shoif (ET14BT0151)

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 Declaration
We declare that this written submission represents our ideas in our own words
and where others' ideas or words have been included, we have adequately cited
and referenced the original sources. We also declare that we have adhered to all
principles of academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or
fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact/source in my submission. We understand
that any violation of the above will be cause for disciplinary action by the
University and can also evoke penal action from the sources which have thus not
been properly cited or from whom proper permission has not been taken when
needed. Project or Project code is not copied or downloaded from Internet or any
other resources.

............................................. .............................................
Name: Himangshu Borah Name: Mousam Shoif
Semester: VIII Semester: VIII
Enrollment No.: ET14BT0148 Enrollment No.: ET14BT0151
Department: CSE Department: CSE
School: SET School: SET

v
 CONTENTS
Abstract iii
Acknowledgement iv
Declaration v
List of Figures vii
1. Introduction 01
2. Literature Review 02
3. Components 03-08
3.1 Raspberry Pi 03
3.2 Relay Board 04
3.3 DC Motor 04
3.4 Servo Motor 05
3.5 Female to female wire 06
3.6 Male to female wire 06
3.7 LED Strip Light 06
3.8 Power Bank 07
3.9 Dustbin 08
3.10 Modified plastic stick with bottle cap 08
4. Methods for setting up the dustbin 09
5. Experimental Results 10-16
5.1.1 Forward Movement 10
5.1.2 Reverse Movement 10
5.1.3 Left Movement 11
5.1.4 Right Movement 11
5.2.1 Servo Motor Control 12
5.2.2 Servo Motor Left Movement 13
5.2.3 Servo Motor Right Movement 14
5.3 Circuit Design of the Relay Board 15
5.4 Program for UI 16
7. Conclusion and Future Work 18
*Bibliography 19

vi
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figures Page Number

3.1 Raspberry Pi 03
3.2 Relay Board 04
3.3 DC Motor 05
3.4 Servo Motor 05
3.5 Female to female wire 06
3.6 Male to female wire 06
3.7 LED Strip Light 07
3.8 Power Bank 07
3.9 Dustbin 08
3.10 Modified plastic stick with bottle cap 08
5.1.1 Forward Movement 10
5.1.2 Reverse Movement 10
5.1.3 Left Movement 11
5.1.4 Right Movement 11
5.2.1 Servo Motor Control 12
5.2.2 Servo Motor Left Movement 13
5.2.3 Servo Motor Right Movement 14
5.3 Circuit Design of Relay Board 15
5.4.1 Code in PHP for UI 16
5.4.2 Output of the UI 17

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 Chapter 1

Introduction
The Internet of Things, also called The Internet of Objects, refers to a wireless network between
objects. Usually the network will be wireless and self- configuring, such as household
appliances. Internet of Things refers to the concept that the Internet is no longer just a global
network for people to communicate with one another using computers, but it is also a platform
for devices to communicate electronically with the world around them.

The Internet of Things (IOT) is the network of physical objects—devices, vehicles, buildings
and other items which are embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network
connectivity, which enables these objects to collect and exchange data. The Internet of Things
allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure,
creating opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into computer-based
systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit.

Dustbin is an important equipment; it helps to keep our neighborhood clean. It is very important
equipment in a company or big supermarkets because they have a garbage disposal system.
Garbage disposal system are important in order to secure their garbage waste orderly.

Although an intrinsic part of our everyday routine, the dustbin's role as a mediator of changing
waste particles has rarely been considered. As dustbin become reconfigured as environmental
technologies for contemporary recycling programs, it is argued that they provide a revealing
indicator of new waste relationships in society.

In this report we will explain and discuss about the component that are used for the Smart
Dustbin Project. In this project we use Relay Board, Raspberry pi and dc motor. This project
is done to try to simplify the garbage management system.

1
 Chapter 2
Literature Review
2.1 Internet of Things:

Feng Xia et.al had described one work on Internet of Things

We are witnessing the dawn of a new era of Internet of Things (IoT; also known as Internet of
Objects). Generally speaking, IoT refers to the networked interconnection of everyday objects,
which are often equipped with ubiquitous intelligence. IoT will increase the ubiquity of the
Internet by integrating every object for interaction via embedded systems, which leads to a
highly distributed network of devices communicating with human beings as well as other
devices. Thanks to rapid advances in underlying technologies, IoT is opening tremendous
opportunities for a large number of novel applications that promise to improve the quality of
our lives. In recent years, IoT has gained much attention from researchers and practitioners
from around the world [2].

2.2 IoT Based Smart Garbage and Waste Collection Bin:

S.S.Navghane et.al had described about Smart Garbage and Waste Collection Bin

Many times, in our city we see that the garbage bins or dustbins placed at public places are
overloaded. It creates unhygienic conditions for people as well as ugliness to that place leaving
bad smell. To avoid all such situations, we are going to implement a project called IoT Based
Smart Garbage and Waste Collection bins.

These dustbins are interfaced with microcontroller based system having IR wireless systems
along with central system showing current status of garbage, on mobile web browser with html
page by Wi-Fi. Hence the status will be updated on to the html page. Major part of our project
depends upon the working of the Wi-Fi module; essential for its implementation. The main aim
of this project is to reduce human resources and efforts along with the enhancement of a smart
city vision [1].

2.3 The Internet of Things

(Springer Link)
by Xiaoyi Cui had described about Internet of Things

Holiday season marketing (Elliott, 2014; Manjoo, 2014), as well as trend-setting product
showcases like the International Consumer Electronics Show (Palmer, 2015), demonstrate the
escalating trend of gadgets that talk to each other, learn from each other, even control each
other (Rose, 2014) [3].

2
 Chapter 3
Components
The smart bin generally we are not like to carry the dust with us and throw it into a dustbin
so for this will be used if we have a dust or any waste with us we can make the dustbin come
to us and it will take the dust or waste from us and can send it into its place.
To make a dustbin into a smart bin the components we need is:
1. Raspberry Pi
2. Relay Board
3. DC Motors (2)
4. Servo Motor
5. Female to female wires
6. Male to female wires
7. LED Strip Light
8. Power Bank (for power supply)
9. Dustbin
10. Modified plastic stick with bottle cap

3.1 Raspberry Pi:

The Raspberry Pi is a series of small single-board computers developed in the United Kingdom
by the Raspberry Pi Foundation to promote the teaching of basic computer science in schools
and in developing countries. The original model became far more popular than anticipated,
selling outside of its target market for uses such as robotics. Peripherals (including keyboards,
mice and cases) are not included with the Raspberry Pi. Some accessories however have been
included in several official and unofficial bundles [4].

According to the Raspberry Pi Foundation, over 5 million Raspberry Pis have been sold before
February 2015, making it the best-selling British computer. By November 2016 they had sold
11 million units, reaching 12.5m in March 2017, making it the third best-selling "general
purpose computer" ever. In July 2017 it was announced that the total sales have now reached
nearly 15 million units.

They are made in a Sony factory in Pencoed, Wales.

Fig. 3.1 Rasberry Pi

3
3.2 Relay Board:

Relays are electromechanical devices that use an electromagnet to operate a pair of movable
contacts from an open position to a closed position. The advantage of relays is that it takes a
relatively small amount of power to operate the relay coil, but the relay itself can be used to
control motors, heaters, lamps or AC circuits which themselves can draw a lot more electrical
power.

The electro-mechanical relay is an output device (actuator) which come in a whole host of
shapes, sizes and designs, and have many uses and applications in electronic circuits. But while
electrical relays can be used to allow low power electronic or computer type circuits to switch
relatively high currents or voltages both “ON” or “OFF”, some form of relay switch circuit is
required to control it.

The design and types of relay switching circuits is huge, but many small electronic projects use
transistors and MOSFETs as their main switching device as the transistor can provide fast DC
switching (ON-OFF) control of the relay coil from a variety of input sources so here is a small
collection of some of the more common ways of switching relays [5].

Fig. 3.2 Relay Board

3.3 DC Motor:

A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines that converts direct current electrical
energy into mechanical energy. The most common types rely on the forces produced by
magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either
electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current flow in part of
the motor.

DC motors were the first type widely used, since they could be powered from existing direct-
current lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's speed can be controlled over a wide
range, using either a variable supply voltage or by changing the strength of current in its

4
field windings. Small DC motors are used in tools, toys, and appliances. The universal motor
can operate on direct current but is a lightweight motor used for portable power tools and
appliances. Larger DC motors are used in propulsion of electric vehicles, elevator and hoists,
or in drives for steel rolling mills. The advent of power electronics has made replacement of
DC motors with AC motors possible in many applications [6].

Fig. 3.3 DC Motor

3.4 Servo Motor:

A servomotor is a rotary actuator or linear actuator that allows for precise control of angular
or linear position, velocity and acceleration. It consists of a suitable motor coupled to a sensor
for position feedback. It also requires a relatively sophisticated controller, often a dedicated
module designed specifically for use with servomotors. Servomotors are not a specific class
of motor although the term servomotor is often used to refer to a motor suitable for use in a
closed-loop control system.

Servo motors are not actually a specific class of motor but are a combination of specific parts,
which happen to include a DC or AC motor, and are suitable for use in a closed-loop control
system. They are used in robotics, automated manufacturing and computer numerical control
(CNC) machining applications [7].

Fig. 3.4 Servo Motor

5
3.5 Female to female wire:

Female to female wire is an electrical wire or group of them in a cable with a connector or pin
at each end, which is normally used to interconnect the components of a breadboard or other
prototype or test circuit, internally or with other equipment or components, without soldering.

Fig. 3.5 Female to female wire

3.6 Male to female wire:

Male to female wire is an electrical wire or group of them in a cable with a connector or pin at
each end, which is normally used to interconnect the components of a breadboard or other
prototype or test circuit, internally or with other equipment or components, without soldering.
Females have a hole, males have a bit that sticks out.

Fig. 3.6 Male to female wire

3.7 LED Strip Light:

An LED Strip Light (also known as an LED tape or ribbon light) is a flexible circuit board
populated by surface mounted light-emitting diodes (SMD LEDs) and other components that

6
usually comes with an adhesive backing. Traditionally, strip lights had been used solely in
accent lighting, backlighting, task lighting, and decorative lighting applications. Increased
luminous efficacy and higher-power SMDs have allowed LED strip lights to be used in
applications such as high brightness task lighting, fluorescent and halogen lighting fixture
replacements, indirect lighting applications, Ultra Violet inspection during manufacturing
processes, set and costume design, and even growing plants.

Fig. 3.7 LED Strip Light

3.8 Power Bank:

A Power Bank is a mobile charger can be charged in advance for later phones, tablets or laptops
to recharge. A Power Bank is a handy gadget that you can charge your electric devices without
a power socket.

Fig. 3.8 Power Bank

7
3.9 Dustbin:

A dustbin is a container for temporarily storing waste, and is usually made out of metal or
plastic. Some common terms are garbage can, and trash can. The words "rubbish", "basket"
and "bin" are more common in British English usage; "trash" and "can" are more common in
American English usage. "Garbage" may refer to food waste specifically (when distinguished
from "trash") or to municipal solid waste in general. In 1875, the first personal rubbish bins
were introduced in Britain to create a regulated system of trash collection.

Fig. 3.9 Dustbin

3.10 Modified plastic stick with bottle cap:
An electrical PVC pipe has been cut up to a length 1 inch longer then the height of the
dustbin. Further a bottle cap is fixed at one end of the pipe with hot glue.

Fig. 3.10 Modified plastic stick with bottle cap

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 Chapter 4
Methods for setting up the dustbin
Steps:

Step 01: Setting up the Raspberry Pi

1.1 Downloading noobs from www.raspberrypi.org

1.2 Installing Raspbian through noobs

1.3 Installing apache server and php

Step 02: Writing code in Python Script for the smart dustbin

Step 03: Setting up the relay board with the DC motor

Step 04: Connecting the relay board with the GPIO pins of Raspberry Pi

Step 05: Writing code in PHP for the user interface

Step 06: Fixing the DC motor to the bin and tires.

Step 07: Connecting DC Motors to relay board

Step 08: Fixing the LED strip in front side of the bin.

Step 09: Connecting the Servo-motor with the GPIO pins of Raspberry Pi

Step 10: Fixing the servo-motor at the bottom of the dustbin. Made sure that the motor is at
its normal position.

Step 11: Fixing one end of the modified plastic stick on top of the servo-motor and the other
end fixed to the lid of the dustbin.

Step 12: Power Supply to Raspberry Pi

Raspberry Pi can take up to 5.2V and 2.5A. We supply the 5V and 2.1A through the power
bank.

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 Chapter 5
Experimental Results
Configuration with the components:
5.1 Code in Python Script for the smart dustbin:

5.1.1 Forward Movement:

Fig: 5.1.1 Forward Movement

5.1.2 Reverse Movement:

Fig: 5.1.2 Reverse Movement

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5.1.3 Left Movement:

Fig: 5.1.3 Left Movement

5.1.4 Right Movement:

Fig: 5.1.4 Right Movement

11
5.2 Code for servo motor configuration:

5.2.1 Servo Motor Control:

Fig:5.2.1 Servo Motor Control

12
5.2.2 Servo Motor Left Movement:

Fig: 5.2.2 Servo Motor Left Movement

13
5.2.3 Servo Motor Right Movement:

Fig: 5.2.3 Servo Motor Right Movement

14
5.3 Circuit Design of the Relay Board:

Fig: 5.3 Circuit Design of Relay Board [11]

15
5.4 Program for UI

5.4.1 Writing code in PHP for the user interface:

Fig.5.4.1.: Code in PHP for UI

16
5.4.2 Output of the user interference:

Fig.5.4.2.: Output of the user interference

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 Chapter 7
Conclusion and Future Work
Conclusion:

The main aim of this project is to reduce human resources and efforts along with the
enhancement of a smart room. We have often seen piece of paper spilling over from dustbins
on to floor and this was an issue that required immediate attention. The proverb “Cleanliness
is next to god and clean room is next to heaven” inspired us to conceptualized the project.
Smart dustbin helps us to reduce the pollution.

Smart dustbins are now the needs of Smart buildings. Smart dustbin is a new idea of`
implementation which makes a normal dustbin smart. When we need to use the dustbin we
don’t have to go to it, we simply have to give commands through our mobile phone or
computer. The garbage is dumped to the container manually and the dustbin moves back in the
same direction back to its initial place according to our command.

Future Scope:

There is a great scope for the modifications of the Smart Dustbin in the future. The
system can be improved by adding new functionalities. Dumping of the waste was manual in
Smart dustbin this can be automated by fixing a robot arm or a tipper. The path tracking can be
GPS enabled and the dustbins can be monitored through a GUI. The Smart dustbins can be well
widely used in the Smart buildings of Smart cities.

Future Work:

We can install an ultrasonic sensor on top of the bin so that it can sense the waste and
using some kind of motor we have to control the lid of the bin. Our main motive will be that
whenever the sensor sense something, the lid of the bin will automatically open for a limited
time.

18
 Bibliography
[1] ‘IoT Based Smart Garbage and Waste Collection Bin’, ‘Volume 5’, ‘5’,
‘2016’, pp – 01
[2] https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Internet-of-Things-Zhang-
Ning/66ae077267dfc2ed6b7a649e5782f31f34a9fe9c
[3] ‘Michael Chui, Markus Löffler, and Roger Roberts’ , ‘The Internet of
Things’, ‘McKinsey Quarterly’, ‘2010’, pp 01-08
[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi
[5] http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/blog/relay-switch-circuit.html
[6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_motor
[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servomotor
[8] https://www.raspberrypi.org/
[9] https://electrical4u.com/what-is-servo-motor/
[10] https://www.edgefx.in/servo-motor-types-and-working-principle/
[11] https://www.elprocus.com/servo-motor/
[12] http://www.instructables.com/id/Servo-Motor-Control-With-Raspberry-Pi/
[13] http://rpi.science.uoit.ca/lab/servo/
[14] https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/raspberry-pi-servo-
motor-control
[15] http://www.toptechboy.com/raspberry-pi/raspberry-pi-lesson-28-
controlling-a-servo-on-raspberry-pi-with-python/
[16] http://www.python-
exemplary.com/drucken.php?inhalt_mitte=raspi/en/servomotors.inc.php

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