Negative (-) and Question (?

)
အျငင္း နဲ႔ အေမး ၀ါက်ေတြမလုပ္ေသးခင္မွာ အခုေပးထားတဲ႔ပံုေသနည္းေတြကို အလြတ္ရေနဖို႔လိုပါတယ္.. Negative,
Question တစ္ခုခ်င္းစီရဲ႕ ပံုေသနည္းေတြကို အလြတ္ရတဲ႔အထိ ခ်ေရးပါ.. အျငင္းနဲ႔ အေမး ၀ါက်ေတာ္ေတ္ာမ်ားမ်ားက
ဒီပံုစံနဲ႔တည္ေဆာက္ထားတာပါ.. အဲဒါေၾကာင္႔ ပံုေသနည္းကို အလြတ္ရဖို႔က အဓိကျဖစ္ပါတယ္ ..

Negative
# subject . helping verb + not . main verb ……

Question
1. Yes / No question (လား)
2. Wh- question (လဲ)

Patterns
# helping verb . subject . main verb …. ? (လား)
# Wh- . helping verb . subject . main verb …. ? (လဲ)
Yes/No ပံုစံကိုသိရင္ အဲဒီပံုေသနည္းရဲ႕ေရွ႕မွာ Wh တစ္ခုခုထည္႔လိုက္တာနဲ႔ Wh ေမးခြန္းရဲ႕ ပံုစံျဖစ္သာြ းပါျပီ
ခၽြင္းခ်က္ေတာ႔ရွိပါတယ္

Negative

1. present progressive
She is cooking dinner. (+)
She is not cooking dinner.

2. past progressive
She was cooking dinner. (+)
She was not cooking dinner.

3. future progressive
She will be cooking dinner. (+)
She will not be cooking dinner.

4. present perfect
She has cooked dinner. (+)
She has not cooked dinner.

5. past perfect
She had cooked dinner. (+)
She had not cooked dinner.

6. future perfect
She will have cooked dinner. (+)
She will not have cooked dinner.
7. present perfect progressive
She has been cooking dinner. (+)
She has not been cooking dinner.

8. past perfect progressive

She had been cooking dinner. (+)
She had not been cooking dinner.

9. future perfect progressive

She will have been cooking dinner. (+)
She will not have been cooking dinner.

10. future simple

She will cook dinner. (+)
She will not cook dinner.

Question
Do you know? (Yes / No question)
မင္းသိလား

What do you know? (Wh- question)

မင္းဘာသိလဲ

Yes/No ေမးခြန္းနဲ႔ Wh- ေမးခြန္းက wh ေလး ပိုပါလာတာကလြဲရင္ က်န္တဲ႔ grammar point ေတြတူေနတာေတြ႔ရမွာပါ..
Wh ေမးခြန္းေတြကေတာ႔ ဒီ level မွာ ထည္႔မသင္ပါဘူး မသင္ေပမယ္႔လည္း yes/no question ကို သေဘာေပါက္ရင္
သူ႔ကိုလည္းသေဘာေပါက္ပါတယ္.. ေလာေလာဆယ္ အဓိကက်တဲ႔ Yes/No ကိုအရင္ေလ႔လာရပါမယ္.

1. present progressive
They are playing football. (+)
Are they playing football?

2. past progressive
They were playing football. (+)
Were they playing football?

3. future progressive
They will be playing football. (+)
Will they be playing football?

4. present perfect
They have played football. (+)
Have they played football?

5. past perfect
They had played football. (+)
Had they played football?
6. future perfect
They will have played football. (+)
Will they have played football?

7. present perfect progressive

They have been playing football. (+)
Have they been playing football?

8. past perfect progressive

They had been playing football. (+)
Had they been playing football?

9. future perfect progressive

They will have been playing football. (+)
Will they have been playing football?

10. future simple

They will play football. (+)
Will they play football?

Tense 12 ခုရွိတဲ႔ထဲမွာ 10 ခုက အျငင္းေရာ အေမးေရာ ပံုေသနည္းရရင္လယ

ြ ္ ပါတယ္.. ခက္ေနတာက
က်န္တ႔န
ဲ ွစ္ခုျဖစ္တဲ႔ Present Simple နဲ႔ Past Simple ပါ..

အျငင္း၀ါက်နဲ႔ အေမး၀ါက်နွစ္ခုလံုးမွာ အဓိကလိုအပ္ေနတာက helping verb ပါ Present Simple နဲ႔ Past Simple
ကလြရ
ဲ င္ က်န္တဲ႔ tense ေတြအားလံုးမွာ ကိုယ္စီကိုယ္စီ ကိုယ္ပိုင္ helping verb ေတြရွိေနၾကပါတယ္
Positive (+) ၀ါက်ေတြကိုပဲၾကည္႔ၾကည္႔ပါ..
Situation ေလးမ်ိဳးဘက္ကေနေတြးၾကည္႔ရင္လည္း သိနို္င္ပါတယ္..

1. Simple
2. Progressive (be) + ing
3. Perfect (have) + past participle
4. Perfect Progressive (have) been + ing

Simple ဆုိတဲ႔ situation မွာ helping verb မပါပါဘူး.. အဲဒီေတာ႔ helping verb လိုပါတယ္ဆိုတဲ႔ negative နဲ႔ question
ပံုစံေတြလုပ္ရျပီဆိုရင္ အခက္ေတြ႔ပါျပီ ဒါေပမယ္႔ simple နဲ႔ပက္သက္တ႔ဲ tense အားလံုးမွာေတာ႔မဟုတ္ပါဘူး
simple ကို future မွာသံုးတဲ႔အခါက်ရင္ future ရဲ႕ helping verb ျဖစ္တ႔ဲ will ကိုယူသံုးလိ႔ုရပါတယ္.. ဒါေပမယ္႔ present
နဲ႔ past မွာေတာ႔ ဘယ္ကမွယူသံုးလိ႔မ
ု ရေတာ႔ပါဘူး.. အဲဒီအခါမွာ အကူၾကိယာ (do) ကိုသံုးေပးရပါတယ္.. (do) ကိုပဲ
အျမဲတမ္းသံုးရတာလားဆိုေတာ႔ မဟုတ္ပါဘူး.. ကိုယ္႔၀ါက်ရဲ႕ main verb က full verb တစ္လံုးျဖစ္ေနတဲ႔အခါမွသာ
သံုးလိ႔ရ
ု တာပါ..
full verb ဆိုတာ verb form ဇယားမွာ ပထမနဲ႔ ဒုတိယေနရာမွာရွိေနတဲ႔ verb ကိုေျပာတာပါ..

write / wrote / written / writing မွာ write နဲ႔ wrote က full verb ပါ..

Examples
1. I like rock music. (Present Simple) (+)
ဒီ ၀ါက်မွာ main verb အျဖစ္သံုးထားတာက like (full verb).. အဲဒီေတာ႔ ဒီ၀ါက်ကို အျငင္းလုပ္ဖို႔အတြက္လိုအပ္တ႔ဲ
helping verb ေနရာမွာ (do) ကိုပဲသံုးေပးရပါမယ္..

I do not like rock music.

2. He likes pop music.

He does not like pop music.

# main verb က -s form ျဖစ္ေနတဲ႔အခါမွာ အျငင္းနဲ႔အေမးလုပ္ရင္ helping verb ကို -s form ေျပာင္းျပီး main verb
ကိုေတာ႔ base form အျဖစ္ပဲျပန္သံုးရပါတယ္

She needs to stay here.

She does not need to stay here.

3. I went to work yesterday.

I did not go to work yesterday.

# main verb က past form ျဖစ္ေနတဲ႔အခါမွာ အျငင္းနဲ႔အေမးလုပ္ရင္ helping verb ကို past form ေျပာင္းျပီး main
verb ကိုေတာ႔ base form အျဖစ္ပဲျပန္သံုးရပါတယ္
They took the bus.
They did not take the bus.