White Paper

On
5G User Registration for Dual
Access & Dual Connectivity

March 1, 2019 0
Preface
The content of this document is about technical aspect of
Table of Contents
5G technology. Challenges of 5G data speed and
resolution is detailed within proposed architecture.

This document attempts the case for new work that need to be
developed for 5G User to improves end user’s reachability
outlining the poor radio coverage issue with respect to voice
and video services (by IP Multimedia Services- IMS).
This White Paper Document is intent for technical readers just
for the technical information basis. Proposal not to be
Whitepaper-5G-User-Registration-for-Dual-Access-Connectivity taken
March, 2019 as1
tested field trial, but can be meant for lab validation.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents............................................................................................................................................. 1
1. Abstract .................................................................................................................................................. 3
2. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 6
2.1 5G System Architecture................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 Quality of Service (QoS) for 5G Services .......................................................................................... 8
2.3 Dual Connectivity ............................................................................................................................ 8
3. Challenges ............................................................................................................................................... 9
4. Solution Architect: 5G-User Registration for Out-of-Coverage Scenario ................................................ 10
4.1 Solution for Proposal .................................................................................................................... 10
5. Solution Architect for User Defined FILTER of 5G System ...................................................................... 14
6. Solution Architect for Dual Access for Degrade in Radio Condition ....................................................... 16
6.1 Solution for Proposal .................................................................................................................... 16
7. Solution Architect for Dual Connectivity (DC) with Master-gNB Degrade Radio Condition .................... 18
7.1 Solution for Proposal .................................................................................................................... 18
8. Solution Architect for Wi-Fi Converge Issue .......................................................................................... 20
8.1 Solution for Proposal .................................................................................................................... 20
9. Conclusion............................................................................................................................................. 22
10. References ........................................................................................................................................ 23
11. Team ................................................................................................................................................. 24
12. Contacts ............................................................................................................................................ 25

Whitepaper-5G-User-Registration-for-Dual-Access-Connectivity March, 2019 2

1. Abstract
5G System has been evolved to serve user in more efficient way of meeting higher download and upload data.
5G User accessing the network via wireline and wireless, in addition to Residential Gateway and IoT support. In
5G System, access and user experience are the challenging for poor radio coverage of Wi-Fi and RAN.

In this document, 5G System architecture is fine-tuned with a solution to a multi-access mechanism enabling
uninterrupted services to enhance user experience. Overall, how to increase the user reachability is documented
with their data delivery mechanisms are evaluated to serve them in better all possible scenario.

User data is delivered to user's end device via network slicing functionality of 5G system. As compared to earlier
technologies with user’s single point of registration, in the 5G System multi-registration procedure have
accelerated further for network resource sharing and user data sharing. 5G User’s accessibility while roaming to
other network generation like 4G or 2G are not in the scope of this document.

Whitepaper-5G-User-Registration-for-Dual-Access-Connectivity March, 2019 3

Abbreviations

3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)

5G 5th Generation
5G-EIR 5G-Equipment Identity Register
AAA Auth-Application-Id Answer
AAR Auth-Application-Id Request
AF Application Function
AKA Authentication and Key Agreement
AMF Access and Mobility Management Function
AP Access Point
APN Access Point Name
AUSF Authentication Server Function
DC Dual Connectivity
DN Data Network, e.g. operator services, Internet access or 3rd party services
eNB eNodeB or Evolved Node B
E-UTRAN Evolved Terrestrial Radio Access Network
gNB gNodeB or Next generation NodeB
GW Gateway
IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem
IoT Internet of Things
N3IWF Non-3GPP Inter-. Working Function
NEF Network Exposure Function
NR New Radio
NRF Network Repository Function
NSSF Network Slice Selection Function
PANI P-Access-Network-Info header
PCC Policy and Charging Control
PCF Policy Control Function
P-CSCF Proxy-Call Session Control Function
PDR Packet Detection Rule
PGW Packet Gateway
QCI QoS Class Identifier
QFI QoS Flow ID
QoS Quality of Service
RAN (Radio) Access Network ((R)AN)
RG Residential Gateway

Whitepaper-5G-User-Registration-for-Dual-Access-Connectivity March, 2019 4

SBC Session Border Controller
SCG Secondary Cell Group
SEPP Security Edge Protection Proxy
SMF Session Management Function
UDM Unified Data Management
UDR Unified Data Repository
UDSF Unstructured Data Storage Function
UE User Equipment
UPF User Plane Function
WLC Wireless LAN Controller

Whitepaper-5G-User-Registration-for-Dual-Access-Connectivity March, 2019 5

2. Introduction

2.1 5G System Architecture

A simplified 5G System architecture diagram for 5G User associated with 5G Network is shown in a Figure-1. For
the simplicity, a simple case of UE in non-roaming scenario with radio and Wi-Fi access is considered. A 5G User
gets associated with 5G Network via 5G-NR (5th Generation New Radio) access via U4 interface and connected
to gNB. 5G User has also Wi-Fi interface via Y1 interface and connected to N3IWF node.

User data of 5G System is delivered to user from service or data network via interface N6 and N3 to UE. For the
clarity in the current document proposal, multiple node/function like UDSF, NRF, and interfaces N9, N14 are not
shown.

Figure-1: 5G System simplified architecture for multi-access

UE access to the Network Function (NF) and services via non-3GPP such access like WLAN or Wi-Fi. The N3IWF
interface connect UE with 5G core network via N2 and N3 interface.

The 5G System architecture consists of the following Network Functions. The functional description of
these network functions is specified.

Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF)

Whitepaper-5G-User-Registration-for-Dual-Access-Connectivity March, 2019 6

Functionality includes Termination of RAN, Termination of NAS (N1), Registration management, Connection
management, Mobility Management, Access Authentication and Authorization and other signalling. AMF may

include the following functionality to support non-3GPP access networks: Support of N2 interface with N3IWF
for Mobility, Security Authentication and other signalling.

Non-3GPP Inter-. Working Function(N3IWF)

The functionality of N3IWF in the case of untrusted non-3GPP access termination of N2 and N3 interfaces to 5G
Core Network for control-plane and user-plane respectively and other signalling.

Session Management Function (SMF)

Session Management e.g., Establishment, modification and release of sessions, including tunnel maintain
between UPF and AN node, UE IP address allocation and management, Downlink Data Notification and other
signalling.

Policy Control Function (PCF)

Access subscription information relevant for policy decisions in Unified Data Repository (UDR).

Application Function (AF)

The Application Function (AF) interacts with the 3GPP Core Network to provide services like traffic routing, Policy
framework for policy control and others.

User Plane Function (UPF)

Anchor point for Intra-/Inter-RAT mobility, External PDU Session point of interconnect to Data Network, Packet
routing & forwarding, Packet inspection, etc.

Authentication Server Function (AUSF)

Support authentications for 3GPP access and untrusted non-3GPP access as specified in TS 33.501.

Unified Data Management (UDM)

Generation of 3GPP AKA Authentication Credentials, User Identification Handling, Access authorization based
on subscription data, Subscription management, SMS management, etc.

Service Network (SN)

Internet Broad band IP services, rich multimedia services like voice, video, fax, messaging etc. – service provides
are defined Service Network for 5G Architecture.

Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF)

Supports selecting of the Network Slice instances to serve the UE, determining the AMF set to be used to serve
the UE.

Whitepaper-5G-User-Registration-for-Dual-Access-Connectivity March, 2019 7

2.2 Quality of Service (QoS) for 5G Services

QFI is defined as QoS Flow ID is an identity to QoS flow in the 5G System. All data traffic within a PDU session
are labelled or identified by QFI, it implies same QFI labelled data flow will receive same traffic forwarding
treatment like scheduling, priority etc. Data flow is via N3 (N3 and N9) interface, being encapsulated end-to-
end. This flow is controlled by SMF, who provides QoS profile during session establishment to RAN and provides
the PDR to the UPF.

Please Note that like 4G System, default QoS flow is applied to each PDU session and retains till lifetime span of
connectivity. In case of non-3GPP access QFI is delivered to N3IWF entity (or NG-RAN) for every time User Plane
of the PDU session is established, modified or activated.

2.3 Dual Connectivity

Dual Connectivity (DC) concept developed for 3GPP access, functional support the network to make use of
additional radio resource to achieve required throughput in downlink and uplink of user data. This was
introduced in 4G System support 5G data speed by addition of dual connectivity of UE with eNBs, master eNB
and Secondary eNBs and /or eNodeB in congestion with gNB. This is achieved by addition of Secondary eNodeB
to the Master-eNodeB. The Master-eNBs has full control to add, delete and HO (Handover) of eNodeB as and
when needed.

Whitepaper-5G-User-Registration-for-Dual-Access-Connectivity March, 2019 8

3. Challenges
Document outlines dual access capabilities of 5G User device and its reachable on each access-type leading to
faster user reachability. 5G System have been evolved to server 5G User with dual access capability at same
time. The user access to network service for mo-data and mt-data, for voice and video or data services, via both
access type are increased if User's registration state for a service is maintained on each access type
independently.

In this document, user access to voice and video service are discussed. Proposal made to maintain user
registration state for each access type of user at Service Network in various scenarios and challenges. Henceforth
to achieve stable 5G Service delivery is a great amount of challenges too involved.

• 5G System has been evolved to serve the user in more efficient way of meeting higher download and upload
of user data, 5G User accessing the network via wireline and wireless, in addition to this Residential Gateway
and IoT support are also defined. Access and user’s experience are challenging for poor radio coverage (for
both Wi-Fi and RAN) and the proposal in this document addresses the problem of poor coverage on either
3GPP or non-3GPP access with UE in dual-access mode. This document attempts the case for a new work
that needs to be developed for 5G User to improve faster download and upload of user's data in a scenario
of dual-access outlining the poor radio coverage issues.
• This document also outlines the faster user data mechanism accompanying 3GPP access of 5G User device
via bearer offloading in case of a poor coverage.
• This document also outlines the faster user data mechanism accompanying non-3GPP access of 5G User
device via split bearer in case of a poor coverage.

Whitepaper-5G-User-Registration-for-Dual-Access-Connectivity March, 2019 9

4. Solution Architect: 5G-User Registration for Out-
of-Coverage Scenario
A mobile user gets registered with network for various services like Voice, Video and data. When the user
registered for a service for only one access type at a time, then probability of user reachability at the time of
service delivery leads to considerable amount of delay in UE hunting procedure.

User registered may goes out of access network coverage at the time of serve being delivered. The User hunts
for another access network will fails. A considerable amount of delay is incurred on this hunting procedure. This
document outlines this problem by proposing a solution for this by dual-registration concept.

4.1 Solution for Proposal

Mobile user selects either of the access type, namely RAN or Wi-Fi to register itself with network. 5G IMS system
supporting Dual-Registration for Dual-Access, a simplified 5G System architecture with dual access is show in
Figure-2. UE upon successful attached to 5G-core by either of access type, 3GPP or non-3GPP, received following
details

• UE IP-address & IMS access IP-address (P-CSCF discovery)

Since UE of 5G System is capable of dual access, implies UE can simultaneously have active connections with
both 3GPP and non-3GPP access at same time. In turn, this implies UE is reachable via both access types at the
same time.

Figure-2: 5G System simplified architecture for dual-access

Let us consider a simple case where the 5G UE device having dual access capability gets powered-on and both
Wi-Fi and RAN network is available.

Whitepaper-5G-User-Registration-for-Dual-Access-Connectivity March, 2019 10

UE gNB N3IWFS 5G-Core SN
-gNB
1-REGISTRATION
PANI=RAN; IMSI; Call-ID=1
TABLE-1
2-200 Ok
Expiry-Time=t1

3-Another
Access-
Type=YES

4-REGISTRATION
PANI=WLAN; DUAL; IMSI; Call-ID=2
TABLE-2
5-200 Ok
Expiry-Time=t2

6-REGISTRATION (initial Registration is updated)

PANI=RAN; DUAL; IMSI; Call-ID=1

7-200 Ok

Case: Loss in connectivity with either Access-Type, E.g.: Wi-Fi connection Lost

8-REGISTRATION (Re-Registration with No dual tag)

PANI=RAN; IMSI; Call-ID=1
TABLE-1
9-200 Ok

Case: Mobile Termination (MT) Call for Dual-registration (Parallel Forking)

TABLE-2

10-INVITE via RAN (Parallel Forking)

11-INVITE via Wi-Fi (Parallel Forking)

Figure-3: 5G System dual-access IMS Registration

1,2- As shown in Figure-3, UE first try to get attached to network via RAN access and followed by sending first
initial (fresh) SIP Registration request to the IMS network. Authentication procedure is not included here for the

Whitepaper-5G-User-Registration-for-Dual-Access-Connectivity March, 2019 11

shake of charity. PANI header will have RAN data indication access-type, with no optional dual-tag. The Table-1
is created upon successful Registration and in SIP response 200 OK is sent back to UE. Parameter Expire=t1 is a
timer received by UE in response to IMS successful registration via RAN.

Upon successful SIP REGISTRATION stores the UE registration data in the following format in Table-1.

PANI IMSI IPSec Call-ID Register-Timer P-Associated URI

Table-1: User Registration Data at SBC/ P-CSCF

3- Since UE support dual-access, based on availability of another access-type, Wi-Fi, UE try of get access to
network 5G-Core via N3IWF.

4,5- Upon successful Wi-Fi attached procedure was successful, UE also triggers another FRESH REGISTER request
to IMS network. Since RAN access was active, hence the UE MUST send this FRESH REGISTRATION with PANI
header=wlan with option tag=dual, indicating dual registration. The second SIP Registration request triggered
via another access type, in this example Wi-Fi will be again Un-Protected Registration, i.e. different call-ID and
different IPsec, as shown in Table-2.

PANI=RAN IPSec Call-ID Register-Timer P-Associated URI

IMSI
PANI=Wi-Fi IPSec Call-ID Register-Timer P-Associated URI

Table-2: User Registration Data at SBC/ P-CSCF with Dual Access

Additional optional tag with name=dual, need to send during REGISTRATION to the Network. This parameter will
be sent to the IMS network along with PANI [RFC7913] header, in the below format.

Optional-Tag: DUAL “PANI=.......; dual”

The Optional tag=dual, initiates the PCSCF to store two entries of a user's registration data.

6,7- Upon successful of second registration via Wi-Fi access, i.e. Dual-Registration, register status via RAN access-
type need be updated. Hence re-registration (refresh registration) request is sent for PANI=RAN (in this example)
which was sent earlier. Register request sent on RAN access again will have optional tag=dual.

8,9- In case of loss of one of the radio access, an updated for registration status on available access-type will be
sent to the network. This re-register request will update the network registration status table at P-CSCF/SBC.

For example, dual REGISTERED 5G UE lost connectivity on Wi-Fi. Whether or not UE's initiated de-register
request for Wi-Fi access reached IMS network, a re-register request will be sent on RAN access with no optional
tag=dual on PANI header. This indicated loss of Wi-Fi access type and P-CSCF will mark will update the user
registration status stored locally by erasing of Wi-Fi access.

Whitepaper-5G-User-Registration-for-Dual-Access-Connectivity March, 2019 12

10,11- For MT (Mobile terminating) call scenario, terminating S-CSCF will route the INVITE request to the
terminating P-CSCF. Terminating P-CSCF will forward the INVITE request based on current registration status of
access type.

If UE had IMS registration successful over both access types, RAN and Wi-Fi, dual access tag in database of IMS
registrar service indicates that UE is reachable over two access type. Terminating P-CSCF forwards INVITE on
both access type via a parallel forking mechanism. SIP response 183 (Session Progress) received first from either
access type, will be considered successful and response will be processed discarding other forked
request/response. Further bearer creation over successful access-type triggered via diameter AAR/AAA
request/response with policy server

If UE had successful registration with only single access-type, then terminating P-CSCF forward INVITE on
registered access type as a normal procedure.

Whitepaper-5G-User-Registration-for-Dual-Access-Connectivity March, 2019 13

5. Solution Architect for User Defined FILTER of 5G
System
FILTER template governs the user data split at UPF with maintaining agreed.

PCC rules to achieve required throughput. FILTER mechanism to be implemented at UPF user plane data for
dual-access outlining the poor radio coverage issue. 5G-Core System split bearer's FILTER for dual Access.

4G System was designed such that it provides one default bearer for each APN type (Service type). That is UE
after attach procedure with access network, PGW create default data bearer of QCI=9 for data service. Again, if
UE has voice capability, then it triggers new PDN connect request for APN=ims for voice & Video services, for
which P-GW creates QCI=5 bearer as a default bearer.

5G System is designed to support dual access mechanism such that both 3GPP and non-3GPP access at same
time. In this case, the P-GW needed to maintain two default bearers for each APN instead of one, as explained
below.

Please note: How an APN with same name to maintain two defaults bearers or APN name to be modified for
each access type is out of scope of this document. However, details of setup procedure and call flow mechanism
is beyond the scope of this document, draft [3] can be referred.

As shown in Figure-4, for APN=data.

• PGW will create a default bearer QCI=9 for Wi-Fi access

• PGW will create another default bearer QCI=9 for RAN access

Figure-4: 5G System FILTER Template at UPF for Data Network

Whitepaper-5G-User-Registration-for-Dual-Access-Connectivity March, 2019 14

and as shown in Figure-5, for APN=ims

Figure-5: 5G System FILTER Template at UPF for IMS/Voice Network

• PGW will create a default bearer QCI=5 for Wi-Fi access

• PGW will create another default bearer QCI=5 for RAN access

Take for example IMS registration via SIP protocol, UE will send sip registration for RAN on QCI=5 and for Wi-Fi
on separate QCI=5 Taking an example of voice call, one voice call established over RAN with QCI=1 and another
voice call can be established in parallel over Wi-Fi over separate QCI=1. This dedicated bearer MUST be
implemented with FILTER mechanism for data sharing.

In case of poor radio coverage of RAN, for example, split bearer between RAN and Wi-Fi using this FILTER such
that some part of audio packets is delivered to user via RAN and some via Wi-Fi, thus enhancing the User
experience. The SMF will be splitting the downlink packet in SPLIT mode via FILTER mechanism while maintaining
PCC rule in tagged.

Traffic FILTER mechanism is needed to be implemented between each QCI type for same APN, for only for
DEDICATED bearer, not default bearer. This Filter mechanism will control traffic packet segmentation to be
delivered on each of QCI.

Whitepaper-5G-User-Registration-for-Dual-Access-Connectivity March, 2019 15

6. Solution Architect for Dual Access for Degrade in
Radio Condition
This document also outlines the faster user data mechanism accompanying dual access capabilities of 5G User
device via split bearer in case of a poor coverage. Challenge is in-spite of dual access 5G User’s radio condition
capabilities degrade on either of the access types and the associated user experience on that access type
becomes a challenge.

6.1 Solution for Proposal

Proposal of Split Bearer for dual access. The solution proposed in this document to solve the problem of degrade
radio condition on the either of the access type at UE and bearer offloading to other access-type. Bearer split
among RAN and Wi-Fi referring to Figure-6. Trigger for split bearer of bearer can originate from other of access
type RAN or Wi-Fi.

• In the example given in Figure-6 and Figure-7, there is degrade in radio condition at RAN access of user. And
at the same time 5G user also have Wi-Fi access registered.
• Based on measurement report from UE, gNB (RAN) take decision for partial Handover. gNB asked for UE-
Capabilities to check availability of other access type.

Figure-6: A pictorial representation of bearer splitting at UPF shown.

Whitepaper-5G-User-Registration-for-Dual-Access-Connectivity March, 2019 16

 UE gNB N3IWF AMF SMF UPF
User Data User Data

Measurement Control
Measurement Report

HO Decision
UEAccessCapabilities
UE Wi-Fi Access Report

Split Bearer for Dual-Access

Split Bearer Request to Wi-Fi
UE specific FILTER template

Partial HO-procedure to
N3IWF + FILTER

Wi-Fi Connection Procedure Bearer Update with UPF + FILTER

UE specific FILTER template

Figure-7: Ladder Diagram of bearer splitting at UPF for Dual-Access.

• Taking inputs on UE-Capabilities response about the availability of other access type, gNB process for Split
bearer with other access type.
• gNB (RAN) triggers split bearer request for Wi-Fi access to AMF and, also includes User data traffic template
FILTER.
• FILTER: FILTER is a user data delivery template defined by NG-RAN for the 5G-core UPF to implement and
execute, without super imposing on the PCC rule.
• If offload of complete user data traffic is needed, then FILTER value MUST be empty/NULL.
• If split of user data traffic is needed, then FILTER value needs to be populated with suitable data traffic
segregation indication within a template according to which user data traffic is split partially between RAN
and Wi-Fi by UPF on N3 interface.

Whitepaper-5G-User-Registration-for-Dual-Access-Connectivity March, 2019 17

7. Solution Architect for Dual Connectivity (DC) with
Master-gNB Degrade Radio Condition
In spite in a dual connectivity of 5G System user experience is impacted because of Master-gNB may have
degrade radio condition and another Master-gNB is not available for handover whereas Secondary-gNB is
available with sufficient radio resource.

7.1 Solution for Proposal

Proposal of Bearer Offloading Dual-Connectivity with 3GPP access. The solution proposed in this document to
solve the degrade Rf (means Radio Interface) condition at Master-gNB while handover to another Master-gNB
is not possible and UE have better or improved Rf condition with Secondary-gNB (as compared to Master-gNB).
Figure-8 below shows how radio resource control can be handed over from Master-gNB to Secondary-gNB.

UE M-gNB S-gNB AMF SMF UPF

User Data User Data

Measurement Control
Measurement Report

HO Decision

S-gNB HO Request
Carry SCG config info

S-gNB HO Req. Ack

RRC Procedure with S-gNB

Path Update Procedure + FILTER

New M-gNB
User Data User Data

Figure-8: Ladder Diagram of bearer splitting at UPF for Dual-Connectivity.

• 5G User (UE) is being served by Master-gNB.

• Master-gNB adds Secondary-gNB for delivering user data to UE.

Whitepaper-5G-User-Registration-for-Dual-Access-Connectivity March, 2019 18

• UE is register to 5G-core via Master-gNB, whereas there is no user context available between Secondary-
gNB and AMF.
• There is X2 interface between master-gNB and Secondary-gNB defined in 3GPP specification.
• User data is delivered over N3 interface between UPF and Master-gNB.
• Master-gNB splits the partial User data over X2 interface to Secondary-gNB.
• Based on Measurement report, Master-gNB take decision to execute a procedure of handover to Secondary-
gNB with SCG configuration.
• Secondary-gNB establish connection with AMF to cater user's all signalling and data traffic.
• Master-gNB also provides a radio (Rf) bearer splitting template termed as 'FILTER'. This bearer template
FILTER is delivered to UPF via SMF.
• UPF now shift the user data on N3 interface from Master-gNB to Secondary-gNB. This Secondary-gNB will
act as new Master-gNB.
• Please note that this FILTER value in this scenario of handover from Master-gNB to Secondary-gNB MUST
empty or NULL, implies that the user traffic segregation is completely governed by AMF and SMF based on
PCC rules and policies.

Whitepaper-5G-User-Registration-for-Dual-Access-Connectivity March, 2019 19

8. Solution Architect for Wi-Fi Converge Issue
5G User accessing network over Wi-Fi connection often have non-coverage issue resulting in poor user
experience. Proposal made in this document to make user of Wi-Fi access nearest to user and delivering the user
data without affecting user experience.

8.1 Solution for Proposal

Proposal for Split Bearer in Dual-Connectivity (DC) in Non-3GPP access Referring to document [20160157293
A1], the solution proposed in this document is to solve the degrade Wi-Fi radio resource connected to UE. N3IWF
/WLC acting as a Wi-Fi aggregation point will deliver user-data via more than one AP (Access Point).

Y1 Y2 N2 N11

Master-AP

N4

N3 N6
UE Y2
Y1

Secondary-AP

Figure-9: 5G User Dual-Connectivity - Wi-Fi access

As shown in Figure-9 and in Figure-10, in case of Wi-Fi dual connectivity, different from 3GPP standard, N3IWF
have full control to on the delivery of user data by splitting it into multiple Access Points. 'Wi-Fi Aggregation’
functionality of WLC. 5G User being served by multiple Access Points and each of these Access Points has
independent connectivity with N3IWF, which is different from DC functionality of 3GPP.

Whitepaper-5G-User-Registration-for-Dual-Access-Connectivity March, 2019 20

UE AP-1 AP-2 N3IWF UPF

User Data Split-Bearer (partial data)

AGGREGATION User Data

at N3IWF

User Data Split-Bearer (partial data)

Figure-10: 5G User Data flow for Dual-Connectivity of Wi-Fi access

N3IWF have enhanced aggregation feature of governing single user data on multiple Access Points. That is
N3IWF control user data delivery via two Access Points, namely Master-AP and Secondary-AP. Based on Wi-Fi
radio resource condition, N3IWF SHOULD take decision to split user data delivery via multiple Access-Points.

N3IWF MUST also completely switch all the user data to Secondary-AP and releasing them from Master-AP.
Thereafter Secondary-AP will be referred as Master-AP.

Whitepaper-5G-User-Registration-for-Dual-Access-Connectivity March, 2019 21

9. Conclusion
5G system services and performance is being identified and moving aggressively towards its development and
implementation. Leading operators and R & D organization and standards are making this a next generation
telecom standard meeting challenges and expectation with war footing strategy.

This White Paper is a study of 5G User registration for dual access and dual connectivity. Specifically, the
document put forward 5G User's service delivery in various radio condition and an attempt to solve the
challenges and problem to achieve high throughput at user device.

Whitepaper-5G-User-Registration-for-Dual-Access-Connectivity March, 2019 22

10. References
[1] draft-sfc-sinha-5g-bearer-dc-ran. Proposal for bearer offloading/HO from Master-gNB to Secondary-gNB –
June’28.

[2] draft-sfc-sinha-5g-bearer-dc-wifi. Proposal for dual connectivity on Wi-fi access of 5G– June’018.

[3] draft-sfc-sinha-5g-split-bearer-dual-access. Proposal for split bearer between RAN and Wi-Fi on 5G – June’18.

[4] draft-sfc-sinha-5g-ims-dual-reg. Proposal for mechanism of dual registration over RAN and Wi-Fi for IMS
services – June’18.

[5] draft-sfc-sinha-5g-bearer-filter-dual-access. Proposal for FILTER mechanism on UPF entity of 5G network –

June’18.

[6] RFC2119- Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI
10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

[7] RFC7913- C. Holmberg., P-Access-Network-Info ABNF Update, <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7913>.

[8] TS23.501- "3GPP TS23.501, System Architecture for the 5G System (Release 15)", March 2018.

[9] TS36.300 "3GPP TS36.300, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access(E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal
Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description", March 2018.

[10] TS23.502 "3Procedures for the 5G System", March 2018.

[11] TS23.228 "IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)", March 2018.

[12] TR38.801 "Study on new radio access technology: Radio access architecture and interfaces", March 2017.

[13] TR23.793 "Study on Access Traffic Steering, Switch and Splitting support in the 5G system architecture.",
April 2018.

[14] ETSI GR NGP 001 "Next Generation Protocol (NGP); Scenario Definitions”., May 2017.

[15] ETSI GR NGP 004 "Next Generation Protocol (NGP): Evolved Architecture for mobility using. Identity
Oriented Networks.”, January 2018.

[16] NGMN Alliance, "NGMN White Paper", February 2015.

Whitepaper-5G-User-Registration-for-Dual-Access-Connectivity March, 2019 23

11. Team

The team members are from different industries with different experiences, expertise, and backgrounds. Their
joint supports which are all significant factors to success for study of this White Paper on 5th Generation of
Mobile Communication.

Sunil Kumar Sinha

Solution Architect – Ericsson, Bengaluru, India

MASTER Degree from IIT-Chennai. Specialist of 4G solution, VoLTE, Cisco

Communication Manager, SBC etc. Past IETF publications of draft for
SIP/VoIP features and functionality

Profile: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sunil-s-14b096145/

Amardeep Sinha

Manager – RJIL, Mumbai, India

MASTER Degree from IIT-Delhi. Specialist of 4G deployment and integration

for LTE, EPC, IMS, support Wi-Fi access. Past IETF publications of draft for
SIP/VoIP features and functionality

Profile: https://www.linkedin.com/in/amardeep-sinha-0b270b1/

Yogesh Chandeshware

Senior Member of Technical Staff- Mavenir, Bengaluru, India

Bachelor’s degree in Telecom and specialist in IMS & VoLTE. Familiar with
Cloud (Open stack) & Virtual network.

Profile: https://www.linkedin.com/in/yogesh-chandeshware-a5360062/

Whitepaper-5G-User-Registration-for-Dual-Access-Connectivity March, 2019 24

12. Contacts
Author: Sunil Kumar Sinha
Author: Amardeep Sinha
Author: Yogesh Chandeshware
Contact: +919035334848, Email-ID: sunilkumarsinha9@gmail.com
Address: FF01, Rainbow Residency, Bellandur, Bengaluru, India.
Contact: +918452841615, Email-ID: sinha.amardeep@gmail.com
Address: B-704, Yashodeep Heights, Airoli, Mumbai, India.
Contact: +9199024444884, Email-ID: yogeshjc017@gmail.com

Address: Shasi Nivas, Vijaya Bank Colony, Banaswadi, Bengaluru, India.

Keywords
5G, Dual Connectivity, Dual Access, Data Flow, User Registration, Mobile Networks, Wireless Technologies

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Whitepaper-5G-User-Registration-for-Dual-Access-Connectivity March, 2019 25