PATHOLOGY - EXAM QUESTIONS

I. General Pathology
1. History of pathology (Morgagni, Rokitansky, Virchow,
Purkyně, Treitz, Lambl, Prowazek)
2. Necropsy; surgical pathology (methods; principles)
3. Etiology; pathogenesis (causes of cell injury)
4. Death and postmortal changes
5. Necrosis; gangrene
6. Atrophy
7. Amyloidosis
8. Fatty change (steatosis)
9. Disorders of lipid metabolism
10. Disorders of carbohydrates metabolism (diabetes mellitus; glycogenoses)
11. Calcification
12. Crystals
13. Lithiasis
14. Endogenous pigments
15. Hematogenous pigments
16. Jaundice
17. Exogenous pigments
18. Cysts
19. Adaptation (hypertrophy; hyperplasia)
20. Repair (regeneration; reparation)
21. Inflammation (definition; classification; clinical manifestations)
22. Acute inflammation
23. Chronic inflammation
24. Serous and fibrinous inflammation
25. Suppurative inflammation
26. Pseudomembranous and gangrenous inflammation
27. Specific (granulomatous) inflammation
28. Genetic diseases
29. Streptococcal infections
30. Staphylococcal infections
31. Pneumococcal and neisserial infections
32. Infections by E. coli and Salmonellae
33. Infections by Pasteurellae (Yersiniae) and Brucellae
34. Spirochetal diseases
35. Mycotic diseases
36. Rickettsial and Chlamydial diseases
37. Mycobacterioses (tbc; leprosy)
38. Viral infections - general features; review
39. Varicella - herpes zoster
40. Herpes simplex
41. Influenza
42. Infectious mononucleosis
43. Measles; rubella
44. Mumps; cytomegalovirus
45. Acute hepatitis
46. Chronic hepatitis
47. Diseases caused by parasites
48. Sexually transmitted diseases
49. Environmental diseases - review
50. Adverse effects of smoking
51. Pneumoconioses
52. Injury by therapeutic agents (analgetics, barbiturates, estrogens, antineoplastic drugs, antibiotics,
immunosuppressives)
53. Adverse effects of alcohol (acute; chronic)
54. Injury by physical agents (mechanical; thermal; radiation)
55. Nutritional diseases; malnutrition
56. Vitamin deficiencies
57. Obesity-its complications
58. Diet and cancer
59. Disorders of the immune system; transplant rejection
60. Autoimmune diseases
61. Immunodeficiency diseases
II. Cardiovascular system
l. Congestive heart failure
2. Hypertrophy, dilatation and decompensation of the heart
3. Organ lesions induced by failing circulation
4. Causes of congestive failure
5. Left - sided heart failure
6. Right - sided heart failure
7. Shock
8. Edema;dehydration (formation and drainage of interstitial fluid)
9. Local disorders of blood flow - review
10. Thrombosis
11. DIC - syndrome
12. Embolism
13. Metastasis
14. Hyperemia
15. Ischemia
16. Infarction - generally
17. Hemorrhage - generally
18. Atherosclerosis - review
19. Atherosclerosis - risk factors
20. Atherosclerosis - morphology (gross; histology)
21. Atherosclerosis - pathogenesis
22. Polyarteritis nodosa and related entities
23. Granulomatous arteritis
24. Thrombangiitis obliterans (Buerger)
25. Raynaud°s disease
26. Arterial aneurysms - review
27. Aortic aneurysms
28. Dissecting aneurysm
29. Venous disorders
30. Lymphatic disorders
31. Tumors of vessels
32. Ischemic heart disease - review
33. Coronary artery atherosclerosis
34. Angina pectoris
35. Sudden death
36. Myocardial infarction
37. Morphologic complications of myocardial infarcion
38. Chronic ischemic heart disease
39. Hypertensive heart disease
40. Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease
41. Chronic rheumatic heart disease
42. Congenital heart disease
43. Infective endocarditis
44. Cor pulmonale
45. Pericardial diseases
46. Myocarditis
47. Cardiomyopathy
48. Heart diseases in the elderly (aortic stenosis; mitral annular calcification; amyloidosis)
49. Heart tumors
50. Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
51. Hypertension
52. Calcification in the heart
53. Mitral stenosis
54. Arteriosclerosis
III. Oncology
1. Tumors generally (definition; classification)
2. Metaplasia; dysplasia
3. Pseudotumors (cysts; hamartoma; hyperplasia)
4. Characteristics of benign and malignant neoplasms
5. Tumor metastasis
6. Granding and staging of cancer
7. Benign mesenchymal tumors
8. Malignant mesenchymal tumors
9. Benign epithelial tumors
10. Malignant epithelial tumors
11. Carcinogenesis (etiology of cancer)
12. Effects of tumors on host (benign vs. malignant)
13. Paraneoplastic syndromes
14. Geographic factors in occurrence of neoplasms
15. Precancerous lesions
16. Non-Hodgkin°s lymphomas
17. Hodgkin°s disease
18. Acute leukemias
19. Chronic leukemias
20. Myeloproliferative disorders
21. Plasma cell dyscrasias
22. Histiocytoses
23. Storage diseases
24. Tumors of the respiratory system - review
25. Bronchogenic carcinoma
26. Mesothelioma
27. Tumors of the oral cavity and nasopharynx
28. Salivary gland tumors
29. Esophageal tumors
30. Gastric tumors
31. Small intestine tumors
32. Large intestine tumors
33. Liver tumors
34. Biliary tract tumors
35. Exocrine pancreas tumors
36. Endocrine pancreas tumors
37. Kidney tumors
38. Tumors of the urinary collecting system
39. Testicular tumors
40. Carcinoma of the prostate
41. Tumors of the uterine cervix
42. Tumors of endometrium
43. Tumors of myometrium
44. Tumors of the ovary
45. Trophoblastic disease
46. Tumors of the breast - review
47. Carcinoma of the breast
48. Endocrine gland tumors
49. Bone tumors
50. Synovial, skeletal muscle and muscle sheath tumors
51. Soft tissue tumors
52. Brain tumors
53. Peripheral nerve tumors
54. Skin tumors (epidermoid Ca; basal cell Ca)
55. Pigmented nevi; melanoma
56. Mixed tumors; teratomas; tumor multiplicity
IV. Organ pathology
1. Posthemorrhagic and hemolytic anemias
2. Anemias of diminished erythropoiesis; pernicious anemia
3. Polycythemia
4. Bleeding disorders
5. Lymphnode pathology - review
6. Spleen pathology - review
7. Thymus pathology - review
8. Pulmonary thromboembolism
9. Pulmonary hypertension
10. Respiratory distress syndrome
11. Sudden infant death syndrome
12. Chronic bronchitis
13. Lung emphysema
14. Bronchial asthma
15. Bronchiectasis
16. Pulmonary infections - review
17. Lobar pneumonia
18. Bronchopneumonia
19. Lung tuberculosis
20. Sarcoidosis
21. Pleural lesions - review
22. Lesions of the upper respiratory tract
23. Lesions of the oral cavity
24. Salivary gland diseases
25. Esophageal lesions
26. Gastric lesions - review
27. Gastritis
28. Peptic ulcer
29. Small bowel lesions - review
30. Crohn°s disease
31. Malabsorption syndrome
32. Small bowel obstruction
33. Large bowel lesions - review
34. Hirschprung°s disease
35. Enterocolitis
36. Lesions of the appendix
37. Lesions of the peritoneum - review
38. Herniae
39. Lesions of the liver - review
40. Hepatic failure; jaundice
41. Viral hepatitis
42. Liver cirrhosis
43. Alcoholic liver disease
44. Hemochromatosis
45. Lesions of the gallbladder and bile ducts
46. Lesions of the pancreas - review
47. Renal failure; uremia
48. The nephrotic syndrome
49. The nephritic syndrome
50. Pyelonephritis
51. Acute tubular necrosis
52. Vascular lesions of the kidney; nephrosclerosis
53. Malformations and cysts of the kidney
54. Renal stones
55. Kidney in diabetes mellitus
56. Lesions of the male genital system - review
57. Venereal diseases
58. Lesions of the vulva, vagina and cervix
59. Lesions of the uterine body (except tumors)
60. Lesions of fallopian tubes
61. Diseases of pregnancy
62. Pathology of the neonate
63. Lesions of the breast (except tumors)
64. Lesions of the pituitary gland
65. Lesions of the thyroid gland and parathyroid glands
66. Lesions of the adrenals
67. Diabetes mellitus
68. Lesions of the bones - review
69. Lesions of the joints - review
70. Lesions of skeletal muscle - review
71. Systemic lupus erythematosus
72. Rheumatoid arthritis
73. Systemic sclerosis; polymyositis
74. AIDS
75. Meningitis
76. Encephalitis
77. Vascular disease of the brain
78. Intracranial hemorrhage
79. Cerebral trauma
80. Degenerative and demyelinating diseases of the brain