MEC 305 Recitation Chapter 2

HW problem

Problem 2-43

Consider the East wall of a house that has a thickness of L. The outer surface of the wall exchanges heat
by both convection and radiation. The interior of the house is maintained at T∞,1, while the ambient air
temperature outside remains at T∞,2. The sky, the ground, and the surface of the surrounding structures at
this location can be modeled as a surface at an effective temperature of Tsky for radiation exchange on the
outer surface. The radiation exchange between the inner surface of the wall and the surfaces of the walls,
floor, and ceiling it faces is negligible. The convection heat transfer coefficients on the inner and outer
surfaces of the wall are h1 and h2, respectively. The thermal conductivity of the wall material is k and the
emissivity of the outer surface is ε 2. Assuming the heat transfer through the wall to be steady and one-
dimensional, express the mathematical formulation (the differential equation and the boundary condition
and/or initial condition) of the heat conduction problem. Do not solve.
HW problem

Problem 2-57

Consider a large plane wall of thickness L = 0.3 m, thermal conductivity k = 2.5

W/m·K, and surface area A = 12 m2. The left side of the wall at x = 0 is subjected
to a net heat flux of = 700 W/m2 while the temperature at that surface is
measured to be T1 = 80°C. Assuming constant thermal conductivity and no heat
generation in the wall, (a) express the differential equation and the boundary
conditions for steady one-dimensional heat conduction through the wall, (b)
obtain a relation for the variation of temperature in the wall by solving the
differential equation, and (c) evaluate the temperature of the right surface of the
wall at x = L.
Problem 2-58
[HW problem
! 86 Heat is generated in a large plane wall whose one side is insulated while the other side is subjec ted to convedion. The
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mathematical formulation, the va1iation of tempe.ratw-e in the wall, the 1-elation for the surface temperature, and the relation
for the maximum temperahll-e l'l$e in the plate are to be detennined for steady one dimensional heat transfer.
4

Aum11p1i<ms 1 He.at transfer is steady since thet-e is no indication of any change with time. : Heat transfer is one climensional
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since the wall is large relative to its thickness . 3 Thermal conductivity is constant. 4 He.at generation is unifonn.
Auclysis (a) Noting that heat transfer is steady and one�nsional in x direction, the mathematical fonnulation of this
prob!em can be expressed as

(b) Rearranging the differential equation and integrating,

dT e,;o
-=--·-x+C1
dx k
integrating one more time,

(I)

Applying the boundary conditions:

B.C. at x=O:

B.C.at x=L:

Substituting the C1 and C2 relations into Eq. (1) and rearranging gives the desired solution for temperature as a

function of x

(c) The temperatures at n..-o surfaces and the temperature diffet-ence between these surfaces are found by putting

x = 0 and x = L in the temperature relation.

T'O)
'
T(L)

6T- =T((J)-T(L)

D;scussfon These relations are obtained without U$ing diffet-ential equations in the tut (see Eqs. 2-67 and 2 73).
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2-83. Consider a larger 5-cm-thick brass plate (k = 111 W/m·K) in which heat is generated uniformly at a
rate of 2 × 105 W/m3. One side of the plate is insulated while the other side is exposed to an environment
at 25°C. with a heat transfer coefficient of 44 W/m2·K. Explain where in the plate the highest and the
lowest temperatures will occur, and determine their values.
[HW problem Problem 2-70
Solution 2-70
You have to find C1 and C2 from the above two equations for the boundary conditions. After that
we substitute C1 and C2 in the general solution to get the relation of T as a funtion of r

(b) The iflller surface temperature of the pipeline is found by putting in r = r1 in the general
solution

(c) The mathematical expression for the rate of heat Joss through the pipeline can be
detem1ined from Fourier's Jaw to be
.

(d) Again from Fourier's Jaw, the heat flux through the outer pipeline surface is

Discussion Knowledge of the iflller pipeline surface temperature can be used to control
wax deposition blockages in the pipeline.
Problem 2-69

A pipe in a manufacturing plant is transporting superheated vapor at a mass flow rate of 0.3 kg/s. The
pipe is 10 m long, has an inner diameter of 5 cm and pipe wall thickness of 6 mm. The pipe has a
thermal conductivity of 17 W/m·K, and the inner pipe surface is at a uniform temperature of 120 °C. The
temperature drop between the inlet and exit of the pipe is 7 °C, and the constant pressure specific heat of
vapor is 2190 J/kg·°C. If the air temperature in the manufacturing plant is 25 °C, determine the heat
transfer coefficient as a result of convection between the outer pipe surface and the surrounding air.
[HW problem

Problem 2-97

A long homogeneous resistance wire of radius ro = 0.6 cm and thermal conductivity k = 15.2 W/m·K is
being used to boil water at atmospheric pressure by the passage of electric current. Heat is generated in
the wire uniformly as a result of resistance heating at a rate of 16.4 W/cm3. The heat generated is
transferred to water at 100°C by convection with an average heat transfer coefficient of h = 3200 W/m2·K.
Assuming steady one-dimensional heat transfer, (a) express the differential equation and the boundary
conditions for heat conduction through the wire, (b) obtain a relation for the variation of temperature in
the wire by solving the differential equation, and (c) determine the temperature at the centerline of the
wire.
2-97 A long homoge.ne.ous resistanc.e. heater v.rire with spe.cified convection c.onditions at the. surface is used to boil water. The
mathematical fommlat.ion, the. variation of te.mpemture in the v.rire, and the. tempe.r ah1re at the ce.nterliue of the wire are. to b e .
cletennined.
Assumptfous l He.at transfe.r is ste.ady siuc.e. the.re is no indication of any c.hange. with t.ime. 2 Heat transfer is one-dime.nsional
sinc,e the.re is themial synuuetry about the cente.r line and no c.hange. in the axial direction . 3 Toe.nnal c.onduc.tivity is c.onstant.
4 Heat gene.ration in the.wire .i s tw.ifo1m.
Properli,r The thermal conducti,>ity is given to be k = 15.2 W/mK
Aual;rsis Noting that heat transfe.r is ste. ady and one-dimensional in r
the radial r direction, the mathe.matical formulation of this proble.m
Wate.r
c.an be expressed as

Multiplying both sides of the duferential equation by rand reananging gives

, =- \'" ,.
:,( ! )
Integrating with respect tor gives
.
dT e,� r l
r-=----+c, (a)
dr k 2
It is coave.nie.ut at this point to apply the second boundary condition since it is related to the first de.r ivative. of the tempe.rahue
by replacing all occun-enc.es ofr and dT/dr in the. equation above. by zero. It yields

B.C. at r = 0:
dT(O)
Ox--=--·,..-xO+C e --+ C1 =0
1
dr 2k
Di,>iding both sides of Eq. (a) by r to bring it to a readily inte.grable fo1m and inte.grating,
dT •:.,
-=---r
dr 2k

and e"�
-r1 +C2
T(r)=--· (b)
4k
Applying the second boundary condition at r = 1;,

B. C. at r=r0 :
":m1
k--=h(--·
c e,.,
-rO +C 2-T�
l
� C2
2k 4k ) �
Substituting this C2 relation into Eq. (b) and rean-anging gives

T(r)=
which is the. desired solution for the temp erature distribution in the \Yire as a fllnction of r. Then the te.mpe.r ature at the
center line (r = 0) is dete,mine.d by substituting r = 0 in the general solution

T(O)=

Thus the centerline temperature. will be _________ above. the tempe.rahire of the. surface of the. wire . .
HW problem
2-65E A large plate is subjected to convection, radiation, and specified temperanue on the top surface and no conditions on
the bottom surface. The mathematical formulation, the variation of temperanue in the plate, and the bottom surface
temperanue are to be determined for steady one-dimensional heat transfer.
Assumptions 1 Heat conduction is steady and one-dimensional since the plate is large relative to its thickness, and the thermal
conditions on both sides of the plate are Wliform. 2 Thermal conductivity is constant . 3 There is no he.at generation in the
plate.
Properties The thermal conductivity and emissivity are given to be
k =7.2 Btu/h-ft-°F ands = 0.7.
Aua(rsis (a) Taking the dicec-tion uonnal to the surfac.e of the plate to be
the x direction \vith x = 0 at the bottom surface, and the mathematical
fommlation of this problem can be expressed as
d 2T
-,-=0
dx-

and

(b) hltegratiug the differential equation twice "�th respect to x yields

dT
- =C1
dx
T(x)=Cix+Ci

where C1 and C2 are arbitrary constants. Applying the boundary conditions give

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Convection at x = L: -kC1 =h{T 2 -T00 ]+ro-[(T2 +460) -T,!y] -+ C1

Temperanue atx =L: T(L)=CixL+C2=T2-+ C2=T 2-CiL

Substituting C1 and C2 into the general solution, the variation of temperature is determined to be

(c) The temperature at x = 0 (the bottom surface of the plate) is found putting x =0 in the general solution

T(O)