Roll No……………………………

B.E. IVth Semester, 2nd year Examination, Nov-Dec-2017

Subject: BMEL-405(Thermal engineering)(CBCS)

Time: 3hr. Max. Marks: 70

Min Marks: 22

Note: Attempt all questions. All questions carry equal marks. Assume suitable data if
missing. Use of steam table and Mollier diagram is permitted
Part (a) and (b) have 2 marks each and words limit is 50.
Part (c) is of 3 marks with words limit 100.
Part (d) is of 7 marks with alternate choice.

1. (a) Draw the p-v and T-s diagram for Atkinson cycle. 02
(b) What is Dalton’s law of partial pressure? 02
(c) Establish the expression of efficiency for Diesel cycle. 03
(d) The temperature at the beginning of the compression process of an air-standard Otto cycle with a 07
compression ratio of 8 is 300K, the pressure is 1 bar, and the cylinder volume is 560 cm 3. The
maximum temperature during the cycle is 2000K. Determine (a) the temperature and pressure at
the end of each process of the cycle, (b) the thermal efficiency, and (c) the mean effective
pressure, in atm.
OR
(e) A mixture of 0.3 kg of carbon dioxide and 0.2 kg of nitrogen is compressed from p1=1 bar, T1 07
=300 K to p2 =3 bars in a polytropic process for which n =1.25. Determine (a) the final
temperature, in K, (b) the work, in kJ, (c) the heat transfer, in kJ, (d) the change in entropy of the
mixture, in kJ/K.

2. (a) Explain the term ‘bleeding’ in vapor power cycle. 02

(b) Brief about binary vapor power cycle. 02
(c) Is the Carnot vapor power cycle a suitable model for the simple vapor power plant? 03

(d) Consider a regenerative vapor power cycle with one open feedwater heater. Steam enters the 07
turbine at 8.0 MPa, 480 0C and expands to 0.7 MPa, where some of the steam is extracted and
diverted to the open feedwater heater operating at 0.7 MPa. The remaining steam expands through
the second-stage turbine to the condenser pressure of 0.008 MPa. Saturated liquid exits the open
feedwater heater at 0.7 MPa. The isentropic efficiency of each turbine stage is 85% and each
pump operates isentropically. If the net power output of the cycle is 100 MW, determine (a) the
thermal efficiency and (b) the mass flow rate of steam entering the first turbine stage, in kg/h.
OR
(e) Water is the working fluid in an ideal Rankine cycle. The condenser pressure is 8 kPa, and 07
saturated vapor enters the turbine at (a) 18 MPa and (b) 4 MPa. The net power output of the cycle
is 100 MW. Determine for each case the mass flow rate of steam, in kg/h, the heat transfer rates
for the working fluid passing through the boiler and condenser, each in kW, and the thermal
efficiency.

3. (a) Differentiate between compressible and incompressible flows. 02

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(b) What is the difference between isentropic and adiabatic flows? 02

(c) What is the critical pressure ratio for a compressible flow through a nozzle? On what factors does 03
it depend?

(d) Prove that velocity of sound wave in a compressible fluid is given by: C = (k/ρ)1/2, where k and ρ 07
are the bulk modulus and density of fluid respectively.
OR
(e) A 100 mm diameter pipe reduces to 50 mm diameter through a sudden contraction. When it carries 07
air at 20.16°C under isothermal conditions, the absolute pressures observed in the two pipes just
before and after the contraction are 400 kN/m2 and 320 kN/m2 respectively. Determine the
densities and velocities at the two sections. Take R = 290 J/kg K.

4. (a) What do you mean by stoichiometric air-fuel (A/F) ratio? 02

(b) What are secondary fuels? List some important secondary fuels. 02
(c) Write a short note on ‘excess air’. 03
(d) The percentage composition by mass of a crude oil is given as follows: C = 90%; H2 = 3.3%; O2 = 07
3%, N2 = 0.8%; S = 0.9% and remaining incombustible. If 50% excess air is supplied find the
percentage of dry exhaust gases found by volume.
OR
(e) Orsat analysis of the products of combustion of hydrocarbon fuel of unknown composition is as 07
follows: Carbon dioxide (CO2) = 9% Carbon monoxide (CO) = 0.6% Oxygen (O2) = 7.3%
Nitrogen (N2) = 83.1% Determine the following: (i) Air-fuel ratio (ii) Per cent theoretical air
required for combustion.

5(a) Explain the difference between mountings and accessories. 02

(b) What do you understand by the term Draught? 02
(c) Explain the terms (i) Equivalent evaporation (ii) Boiler efficiency (iii) artificial draught. 03
(d) In a certain boiler installation, a steel chimney of 30m height produces a natural draught 07
equivalent to 17.75 mm of water column. The mean temperature of the boiler house is 298K and
that of the hot gases leaving the chimney is 633K. If the boiler uses 1350 kg of coal per hour,
make calculations for (i) air supplied per kg of coal burnt on the grate (ii) draught in terms of hot
flue gases (iii) flow rate of hot gases through the chimney
OR
(e) Draw the heat balance sheet from the data given below which pertains to the trial made on a boiler 07
generating 500 kg/hr of steam at 10.5 bar pressure and 0.97 dryness fraction
Fuel used and its calorific value= 75 kg/hr and 31500 kJ/kg ; moisture present in the fuel = 6% ;
mass of dry flue gases = 10 kg/kg of fuel ; Temperature of flue gases = 3150C ; specific heat of
flue gases = 1.1 kJ/kg-K ; Temperature of boiler room = 380C ; feed water at 45OC.

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