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9 sin 9 x 1 9 9
lim 11
7 9 x 0 9x sin 7 x 7 7
lim
7 x 0 7 x
Method 2
sin 9 x 9 cos 9 x 0
lim lim by L’Hopital’s Rule( type)
x 0 sin 7 x x 0 7 cos 7 x 0
91 9
7 1 7
7 x3 2 x2 1
(2) lim
x 4 x 2 - 3 x 2
【解】
Method 1
2 1
7x 2x 1
3 2 - 3 7
lim lim x x
x 4 x 2 - 3 x 2 x 4 3 2
- 2 3
x x x
Method 2
7 x3 2x2 1 21 x 2 4 x
lim lim by L’Hopital’s Rule( type)
x 4 x 2 - 3 x 2 x 8x - 3
42 x 4
lim by L’Hopital’s Rule(
type)
x 8
x
(3) lim
x2
4x 8
x
【解】 lim -
x2 4x 8
2 2
說明:"現實"生活沒有 , 但 的"極限"接近 ,另因分母為負數,故此函
0 0
數之極限為 - 。
x5
(4) lim
x 5 x 1 2
【解】
Method 1
lim
x5
lim
x5
x 1 2
lim
x 5 x 1 2
x 5 x 1 2 x 5 x 1 2 x 1 2 x 5 x 1 4
lim
x 5 x 1 2
lim
x 1 2 424
x5
x5
x5
Method 2
1
x5 lim 0
lim x5 1 by L’Hopital’s Rule( type)
x 5 x 1 2 0
2 x 1
lim 2 x 1 2 4 4
x5
dy
(ln5) csc x cot x 5csc x
dx
dy - (ln5) csc x cot x 5
csc x
dx
4
2x3 4x2 7
(2) y
7x 5
【解】
Method 1
2 x 3 4 x 2 7 (7 x 5)(6 x 2 8 x ) 2 x 3 4 x 2 7 7
3
dy
4
dx 7x 5 7 x 5 2
2 x 3 4 x 2 7 ( 7 x 5)(6 x 2 8 x ) 2 x 3 4 x 2 7 7
3
dy 4 dx
7x 5 7 x 5 2
Method 2
ln y 4 ln( 2 x 3 4 x 2 7) ln(7 x 5)
1 dy 6 x2 8x 7
y dx 4 3
2x 4x 7 7x 5
2
dy 6 x2 8x 7 2x3 4x2 7
4
4
2x 4x 7 7x 5
3 2
dx 7x 5
6x 8x 7 2x3 4x2 7
2 4
dy 4 3 dx
2x 4x 7 7x 5
2
7x 5
3. (30%) Find the derivative(導函數 ) of y (dy/dx) if they exist:
(1) y 3 csc( xy 2 )
dy dy
【解】 3 y
2
- csc( xy 2 ) cot( xy 2 ) x 2 y y2
dx dx
2 xy csc( xy 2 ) cot( xy 2 ) 3 y 2 dx
dy
-y 2
csc( xy 2 ) cot( xy 2 )
dy - y 2 csc( xy 2 ) cot( xy 2 )
dx 2 xy csc( xy 2 ) cot( xy 2 ) 3 y 2
x2 1
(2) y log 7 ,x 1
x 3 27
【解】
Method 1
y log 7 x 2 1 log 7 x 3 27
dy 1 2 x 1 3 x 2 1 2 x 3x2
2 3 2 3 (*)
dx ln 7 x 1 ln 7 x 27 ln 7 x 1 x 27
Method 2
y log 7 x 2 1 log 7 x 3 27 log 7 x 1 log 7 x 1 log 7 x 3 27
dy 1 1 1 1 1 3 x 2
(**)
dx ln 7 x 1 ln 7 x 1 ln 7 x 3 27
1 1 1 3x2
ln 7 x 1 x 1 x 27
3
Method 3
1 1 ( x 3 27)(2 x ) ( x 2 1)(3 x 2 )
dy
dx
ln 7 x 2 1 x 3 27
2
x 3 27
1 x 3 27 x ( x 3 3 x 54)
(***)
ln 7 x 2 1
x 3 27
2
說明: (*)、 (**)兩式通分後與 (***)相同。
(3) y e3 x cos(5 x 4 )
【解】
dy
dx
e 3 x sin( 5 x 4 ) 20 x 3 cos(5 x 4 ) e 3 x 3 e 3 x 3 cos(5 x 4 ) 20 x 3 sin( 5 x 4 )
(4) y sec 4 (7 x)
dy
【解】 4 sec 3 ( 7 x ) sec(7 x ) tan(7 x ) 7 28 sec4 ( 7 x ) tan(7 x )
dx
( x 3 )6
(5) y ,x4
( x 4)3 ( x 2 x 1)7
【解】
Method 1
ln y 6 ln( x 3) 3 ln( x 4) 7 ln x 2 x 1
1 dy 6 3 7( 2 x 1)
y dx x 3 x 4 x 2 x 1
dy 6 3 7( 2 x 1) ( x 3)6
(*)
dx x 3 x 4 x 2 x 1 ( x 4)3 ( x 2 x 1)7
Method 2
dy
dx
4. (10%) Find the points of inflection(反曲點) and relative extreme values(相對極值) for the
graph of f ( x) 3 x 4 - 4 x 3 for x [-2,4] if they exist.
【解】
x4 1
類題 :(1) f ( x ) 4 x 5
- 5 x 4
for x [-1,2] (2) f ( x ) for x [-2,2]
x2
5. (10%) Use differentials(微分算子 ) to approximate(逼近) the number ln(0.999)
類題 :(1) sin(0.002) (2) tan(0.01) (3) 9999
【解】
dy 1 1
(1)Let y f ( x ) ln( x ) dy dx
dx x x
x 1
(2)Let x 0.999 1 0.001
dx x
1
y dy f ( x )dx f ( x )x x
x
1
y ln(0.999) ln(1) (0.999 1) 0.001
1
ln(1.0004) ln(1) 0.001 0 0.001 0.001
【類 (1)解】
dy
(1)Let y f ( x ) sin( x ) cos( x ) dy cox( x )dx
dx
x 0
(2)Let x 0.002 0 0.002
dx x
y dy f ( x )dx f ( x )x cos( x )x
y sin(0.002) sin( 0) cos(0)(0.002 0) 1(0.002) 0.002
sin( 0.002) sin(0) 0.002 0.002
【類 (2)解】
dy
(1)Let y f ( x ) tan( x ) sec 2 ( x ) dy sec 2 ( x )dx
dx
x 0
(2)Let x 0.01 0 0.01
dx x
y dy f ( x )dx f ( x )x sec 2 ( x )x
y tan(0.01) tan(0) sec 2 (0)( 0.01 0) 1( 0.01) 0.01
tan( 0.01) tan(0) 0.01 0.01
【類 (3)解】
dy 1 1
(1)Let y f ( x) x dy dx
dx 2 x 2 x
x 10000
(2)Let x 9999 10000 1
dx x
1
y dy f ( x )dx f ( x )x x
2 x
1 1
y 9999 10000 (9999 10000) 0.005
2 10000 200
9999 10000 0.005 100 0.005 99.995
6. (10%) Find the tangent lines(切線 ) of y 3 2 y 2 2 xy 4 through (-1, -2)
【解】
dy dy dy
(1) 3 y 2 4y 2x 2y 0
dx dx dx
3 y2 4 y 2 x dx
dy
2 y
dy 2y
dx 3 y 4 y 2 x
2
dy 2( 2)
(2) ( x , y ) ( 1, 2 ) 2
dx 3( 2) 4( 2) 2( 1)
2
y
6 feet
【解】
(1)Let A be the area of square and circle, then
3 2
A y r2
4
6 3y
(2) 6 3 y 2 r r
2
9
2
3 3 6- 3y 3
(3) A 4 y 2 r 2 4 y 2 2 4 (1 9 ) y 2 4 y 4 , 0 y 2 since
6 3y
r 0
2
4 18
dA 9 3 y
(4) Let 0
4
2(1 ) y 4 3 9 3
dy 9 2(1 )
9
- + A’
A
18
0 2
9 3