II.

Match the terms below with their definitions; provide the Romanian equivalents of
the following English terms; use the English terms to fill in the blanks in the sentences
below; translate these sentences into Romanian:
EU primary law ; binding legal instruments (hard law) ; non-binding legal instruments (soft
law); EU secondary law; directive; transpose; give leeway to the MS; legal basis (ground);
delegate legislative authority; legislative act of the EU; administrative act; the doctrine of
direct effect; be liable to; regulations; legislative procedure; implementing measures; come
into force; override national law; decisions; competition policy.

A. 1. the policy that ensures the competitive conduct of undertakings (firms, companies, businesses) and
protects the interests of consumers by enabling them to procure goods and services on the best terms. It
promotes economic efficiency by creating a climate favourable to innovation and technical progress. It
prevents anti-competitive practices on the part of companies, which might choke off the competitive
dynamics generated by the completion of the single market -
2. a rational motive, basis for a belief or conviction, for an action taken, such as a legal action or argument;
reason or cause; the foundation or basis on which knowledge, belief, or conviction rests; the legal reason or
reasons for which a decision is granted-
3. principle enshrined by the Court of Justice in the judgement of Van Gend en Loos of 5 February 1963,
according to which European law not only engenders obligations for EU countries, but also rights for
individuals, so individuals may directly invoke European acts before national and European courts -
4. the supreme source of law in the European Union, which consists mainly of the founding treaties of the
European Union and prevails over all other sources of law –
5. the sequence of steps required for laws to move through the system, from ideas to formally
adopted legislation –
6. quasi-legal instruments which do not have any legally binding force, or whose binding force is somewhat
"weaker" than the binding force of traditional law -
7. the process by which the European Union's member states give force to a directive by passing
appropriate implementation measures; it is typically done by either primary legislation or secondary
legislation –
8. the minimum requirements for a product or product group; mandatory requirements in the form of
regulations which come into force without further implementation into national laws. The requirements
are generally specified in annexes to the legal instruments and can cover a broad range of aspects, among
which mandatory consumer information-
9. legal instruments which substantiate the common policies and have legal effect only if a treaty provision
empowers the competent institutions - the European Parliament and/or the Council - to enact them
(principle of conferral or of attribution of powers)
10. the process by which legislation, regulations, treaties and other legal instruments come to have
legal force and effect. The term is closely related to the date of this transition
11. legislation made by the EU institutions; based on the Treaties and including unilateral law conventions
and agreements. – EU
12. individual decisions of a public body, such as a decision to grant a subsidy or to withdraw a residence
permit
13. legally binding act of the European Union which establishes a set of objectives which all member
states of the European Union must fulfill, but the member states are free to choose the manner they see
fit to fulfill the required objectives
14. a EU law principle that when there is conflict between European law and the law of Member
States, European law prevails; the norms of national law have to be set aside
15. the act of entrusting or transferring legislative power to another body and empowering that body to act
as an agent or representative
16. legally responsible for causing damage or injury, so that you have to pay something or be punished
17. allow a margin of freedom or variation, as of activity, time, or expenditure; allow latitude
18. legally binding act of the European Union directly applicable in all member states of the European
Union; it generates an impact and direct effect similar to that of national legislation
19. according to article 289 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the EU, legal acts adopted by the ordinary
legislative procedure, namely by joint adoption by the European Parliament and the Council-
20. a legally binding act in its entirety, which can address specific legal entities, in which case it is binding
only to them –

B. 1. If a member state fails to pass the required national legislation, or if the national legislation does not
adequately comply with the requirements of the directive, the European Commission may initiate legal
action against the member state in the European Court of Justice. This may also happen when a member
state has transposed a directive in theory but has failed to abide by its provisions in practice.
2. In European Union law, the doctrine of direct effect means that Union law may, if appropriately
framed, confer rights on individuals which the courts of member states of the European Union are bound
to recognise and enforce.
3. Although the European Union does not have a codified constitution like every political body it has laws
which "constitute" its basic governance structure. The EU primary law sources are the Treaty on
European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, which have been agreed
or adhered to among the governments of all 28 member states.
4. When a measure involves the competence granted to the institutions by the EC treaty, it should have as
legal basis this treaty, even if some of its objectives or components are related to the EU treaty .
5. Any natural or legal person may, under certain conditions, institute proceedings against an act addressed
to that person or which is of direct and individual concern to them, and against a regulatory act which is of
direct concern to them and does not entail implementing measures.
6. The term EU legal instruments refers to the instruments available to the European institutions to
carry out their tasks. The instruments are listed in Article 288 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the
European Union (TFEU).
7. However, decisions addressed to a specific EU country or EU countries as the addressee(s) may have a
direct effect. Whether such acts have a direct effect, depends on the nature, background and their wording .
8. Both the EU and the US have well-developed competition policies that aim to prevent and penalise
anticompetitive behaviour.
9. The Council can delegate legislative authority to the Commission and, depending on the area and
the appropriate legislative procedure, both institutions can seek to make laws.
10. The principle according to which European law override national law has actually been around since
1963, when it was decided that European law could not be applied in different ways in the Member States,
without fundamentally undermining any chance of achieving the Treaty objectives.
11. Non-binding legal instruments (soft law) do not have obligatory force as such, though under
certain circumstances they can indirectly unfold such quality in conjunction with binding legal norms.
12. In fact, the ordinary legislative procedure is a development of the ''Community method'' of decision-
making, which is an original combination of: technocratic proposals emanating from the Commission,
worked out with the technical advice of experts from all the Member States.
13. The legislative act of the EU is that form of legislation that affects day to day life within the EU and
with which most people are familiar. It is the kind of law made under the powers created and invested in
the EU by the treaties, which constitute the EU's primary legislation
14. Any measure of individual scope under environmental law, taken by a Community institution or body,
and having legally binding and external effect is an administrative act.
15. Failure to comply with any of the rules means that a company "is liable to for each offence, to a fine
not exceeding fifty pounds, or in the case of a continuing offence to a fine not exceeding ten pounds for
every day during which the offence continues after conviction."
16. The directive on Consumer Rights aims at achieving a real business-to-consumer internal market,
striking the right balance between a high level of consumer protection and the competitiveness of
enterprises.
17. The EUFM (European Union Foreign Ministry) would only be successful when being supported and
given leeway by the MS - certainly more than currently allocated to the High Representative.
18. Key parts of new legislation to combat slavery in the UK - including life sentences for those guilty of
people trafficking - have come into force in England and Wales.
19. The TFEU also makes a clear distinction between legislative acts, that is EU regulations and
Directives adopted through the “ordinary” and “special” legislative procedures by the Council of Ministers
and European Parliament, the co-legislators of the EU) and non-legislative acts. The latter may,
nevertheless, constitute legislation so that this distinction can be compared to that between primary and
subordinate legislation
20. On 26 September 2012, the European Commission adopted a Proposal for a regulation of the
European Parliament and of the Council on i) medical devices and ii) in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical
devices. These legal instruments, once adopted, will replace the existing three medical devices directives.

EU primary law = legislație primară - 4

binding legal instruments (hard law) = instrumentele juridice obligatorii - 13
non-binding legal instruments (soft law) = instrumente fără caracter juridic obligatoriu - 6
EU secondary law = legislație secundară – 11
directive = directiva - 18
transpose = a transpune - 7
give leeway to the MS = a da marjă de manevră statelor membre- 17
legal basis (ground) = temei juridic -2
delegate legislative authority = - 15
legislative act of the EU = - 19
administrative act = - 20
the doctrine of direct effect = Efectul direct al dreptului european - 3
be liable to = a fi pasibil de - 16
regulations = - 8
legislative procedure = procedura legislativa - 5
implementing measures = punerea in aplicare a masurilor - 9
come into force = a intra in vigoare - 10
override national law = - 14
decisions = - 12
competition policy = domeniul concurentei – 1

1. Dacă un stat membru nu reușește să transmită legislația națională solicitată sau dacă
legislația națională nu respectă în mod adecvat cerințele directivei, Comisia Europeană poate
iniția acțiuni în justiție împotriva statului membru în cadrul Curții Europene de Justiție. Acest
lucru se poate întâmpla și atunci când un stat membru a transpus în teorie o directivă, dar nu a
respectat dispozițiile sale în practică.

2. În dreptul Uniunii, doctrina efectului direct înseamnă că dreptul Uniunii poate, dacă este
prevăzut în mod corespunzător, sa confere drepturi particularilor pe care instanțele statelor
membre ale Uniunii Europene trebuie să le recunoască și să le aplice.
3. Deși Uniunea Europeană nu are o constituție codificată ca orice organism politic, ea are legi
care "constituie" structura sa principală de guvernare. Sursele de drept primar ale UE sunt
Tratatul privind Uniunea Europeană și Tratatul privind funcționarea Uniunii Europene, care au
fost convenite sau aderate între guvernele tuturor celor 28 de state membre.
4. Atunci când o măsură implică competența acordată instituțiilor prin Tratatul CE, aceasta ar
trebui să aibă ca temei juridic acest tratat, chiar dacă unele dintre obiectivele sau componentele
acestuia sunt legate de tratatul UE.
5. Orice persoană fizică sau juridică poate, în anumite condiții, să inițieze o acțiune împotriva
unui act adresat persoanei respective sau care îi privește în mod direct și individual și împotriva
unui act de reglementare care îi privește în mod direct și care nu implică punerea în aplicare
măsuri.
6. Termenul de instrumente juridice ale UE se referă la instrumentele de care dispun instituțiile
europene pentru a-și îndeplini sarcinile. Instrumentele sunt enumerate la articolul 288 din
Tratatul privind funcționarea Uniunii Europene (TFUE).
7. Cu toate acestea, deciziile adresate unei anumite țări din UE sau țărilor UE ca destinatar
(destinatari) pot avea un efect direct. Dacă astfel de acte au un efect direct, depinde de natura, de
fondul și de formularea acestora.
8. Atât UE, cât și SUA au politici de concurență bine dezvoltate care vizează prevenirea și
sancționarea comportamentului anticoncurențial.
9. Consiliul poate delega Comisiei competența legislativă și, în funcție de domeniu și de
procedura legislativă corespunzătoare, ambele instituții pot încerca să facă legi.
10. Principiul potrivit căruia legea europeană este supusă dreptului național a fost de fapt în jurul
valorii de la 1963, când sa decis că dreptul european nu putea fi aplicat în mod diferit în statele
membre, fără a submina în mod fundamental nicio șansă de a atinge obiectivele tratatului.
11. Instrumentele juridice neobligatorii (lege soft) nu au forță obligatorie ca atare, deși, în
anumite circumstanțe, ele pot dezvălui indirect această calitate împreună cu normele legale
obligatorii.
12. De fapt, procedura legislativă ordinară este o dezvoltare a "metodei comunitare" de luare a
deciziilor, care este o combinație originală a: propunerilor tehnocratice emise de Comisie,
elaborate cu sfatul tehnic al experților din toate State membre.
13. Actul legislativ al UE este acea formă de legislație care afectează viața cotidiană în cadrul
UE și cu care majoritatea oamenilor sunt familiari. Este genul de lege făcută în temeiul
competențelor create și investit în UE prin tratatele care constituie legislația primară a UE
14. Orice măsură de sferă de aplicare individuală în conformitate cu legislația privind mediul,
luată de o instituție sau de un organism comunitar și care are efect juridic și extern, este un act
administrativ.
15. Nerespectarea uneia dintre reguli înseamnă că o societate "este supusă pentru fiecare
infracțiune, cu o amendă care nu depășește 50 de lire sterline sau în cazul unei infracțiuni
continue cu o amendă care nu depășește zece lire pentru fiecare zi în care infracțiunea continuă
după condamnare. "
16. Directiva privind drepturile consumatorilor vizează realizarea unei piețe interne reale pentru
întreprinderi, care să găsească un echilibru între un nivel ridicat de protecție a consumatorilor și
competitivitatea întreprinderilor.
17. EUFM (Ministerul Afacerilor Externe al Uniunii Europene) ar avea succes numai atunci când
va fi sprijinit și va beneficia de o marjă de manevră de către statele membre - cu siguranță mai
mult decât în prezent alocată Înaltului Reprezentant.
18. În Anglia și Țara Galilor au intrat în vigoare părți-cheie ale noii legislații pentru combaterea
sclaviei în Regatul Unit - inclusiv pedepsirea vieții pentru cei vinovați de trafic de persoane.
19. De asemenea, TFUE face o distincție clară între actele legislative, și anume directivele UE și
directivele adoptate prin procedurile legislative "ordinare" și "speciale" de către Consiliul de
Miniștri și Parlamentul European, colegislatorii UE) - acte legislative. Acestea din urmă pot,
totuși, să constituie o legislație astfel încât această distincție să poată fi comparată cu cea dintre
legislația primară și cea subordonată
20. La 26 septembrie 2012, Comisia Europeană a adoptat o propunere de regulament al
Parlamentului European și al Consiliului privind: i) dispozitivele medicale și ii) dispozitivele
medicale pentru diagnostic in vitro (IVD). Aceste instrumente juridice, odată adoptate, vor
înlocui directivele existente privind dispozitivele medicale.