Criteria For Material Testing

Codal Reference and Acceptance Criteria of different construction material for different construction works
Sl. No. Item / Activity Test Reference Code Acceptance Criteria / Guideline / Special Features
1. Embankment Construction Embankment Construction should be executed as par IRC -36-2010
and clause 305 of Specifications of Road and Bridge Works -5th.
Revision.
Liquid Limit IS: 2720 (Part 5) Maximum LL should not be greater than 50.
Plasticity Index Maximum PI value should not be greater than 25.
Shrinkage Limit Swelling index should not be greater than 50.
Swelling index
Clay Content IS:2720 (Part 4) Maximum 10 %.
Deleterious Content Test IS: 2720 (Part 27) Material should be free from swamp, marshes and bogs. It should not
be Peat, log, sump and perishable material.
Particle size distribution IS:1498 Soil should not be classified as OL, OI, OH or Pt
& Classification of Soil
OMC and Maximum Dry IS: 2720 (Part 8) In case of NH, SH and MDR modified Proctor Density (IS 2720 Part
Density and (Part 7) 8) and in case of VR and ODR standard Proctor density (IS 2720 Part
7) to be used.
Density IS: 2720 (Part 8) Shall not be less than 1.52gm/cc for embankment height upto 3 meter
&
Shall not be less than 1.60gm/cc for embankment height above 3
meter.
Wet Sieve Analysis & IS: 2720 (Part 4) The size of coarse material should not exceed 75 mm in embankment
Grading
Moisture Content MORT&H The moisture content shall be in the range of-1 % to +2% of the OMC.
Specification for Road
& Bridge Works (5th
Revision)
Dry Density IS: 2720 (Part 2) The dry density shall not be less than 95% of the Maximum Dry
IS: 2720 (Part8) Density (MDD) in the lower layers of embankment and 97% of MDD
in the top 50 cm of the embankment.
Maximum compacted thickness of each layer should not be greater
than 250 mm when vibratory roller is used or 200 mm when static
roller is used.
Department of Civil Engineering, Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology-RAJKOT Page 1

2. Subgrade Construction Embankment Construction should be executed as par IRC -36-2010
and clause 305 of Specifications of Road and Bridge Works -5th.
Revision.
Liquid Limit IS : 2720 (Part 5) Maximum LL should not be greater than 50
Plasticity Index Maximum PI value should not be greater than 25
Shrinkage Limit Shrinkable soil not allowed.
Swelling index Sub grade soil shall be non-expansive.
Clay Content IS:2720 (Part 4) Maximum 10 %.
Deleterious Content Test IS: 2720 (Part 27) Material should be free from swamp, marshes and bogs It should not
IS: 383-1970 be Peat, log, sump and perishable material
IS: 2386 (Part II)-1963
Particle size distribution S:1498 Soil should not be classified as OL, OI, OH or Pt
& Classification of Soil
OMC and Maximum Dry IS: 2720 (Part 8) In case of NH, SH and MDR modified Proctor Density (IS 2720 Part
Density and (Part 7) 8) and in case of VR and ODR standard Proctor density (IS 2720 Part
7) to be used.
Density IS: 2720 (Part 8) Density of sub grade should be greater than 16.5 km/cum for VR and
ODR and 17.5 km/ cum for of NH and SH.
Wet Sieve analysis & IS: 2720 (Part 4) The size of coarse material should not exceed 75 mm in embankment
Grading
Moisture Content MORT&H The moisture content shall be in the range of -1 % to +2% of the OMC.
Specification for
Road & Bridge Works
Dry Density IS: 2720 (Part 2) The dry density shall not be less than 97% of the Maximum Dry
IS: 2720 (Part8) Density (MDD)
CBR IS:2720 (Part V) The actual laboratory CBR values of construction subgrade shall be
determined on undisturbed samples cut out from the compacted
subgrade in CBR mould fitted with cutting shoe or on remoulded
samples, compacted to the field density at the field moisture content.
Sub grade should have minimum CBR value of 8% of road having
traffic of CVD of 450 or higher.
If the sub grade soil fails to meet the requirement of CBR, soil
stabilization as per clause 403 & clause 404 of ‘Specifications of road
and bridge works’ of MORTH shall be made.

3. Granular Sub Base GSB to be constructed as par Clause 401 of Specifications of Road and
Bridge Works -5th. Revision.
The material to be used for the work shall be sand, crushed gravel,
crust stone, crushed slag or combination thereof. Brick metal, Kankar,
Crushed concrete is permitted in lower layer.
a) Liquid Limit IS : 2720 (Part V) Minimum liquid limit & plasticity index shall not be greater than 25
b) Plasticity Index and 6 respectively.
Density of compacted IS:2720 (Part VIII) Density of the compacted layer shall not be less than 98% of
layer Maximum Dry Density. Rolling with static road roller may be done for
layer upto 100 mm, for layer thickness more than 100 mm and upto
200mm, vibratory roller with static load not less than 80KN shall be
used.
Deleterious constituents. IS: 383-1970 Free from Organic and other deleterious constituents.
IS: 2386 (Part II)
CBR IS:2720 (Part V) At 98% of Maximum dry density CBR value shall be greater than 30%.
Gradation As per Table 400-1 of Specifications for Road and Bridge works of
IS: 383-1970 MORT&H. Grading III & IV shall be used in lower sub base layer.
IS: 2386 (Part I) Grading V and VI shall be used as sub base-cum drainage layer.
Thickness of each sub base layer shall not be less than 150 mm.
Aggregate Impact Value Maximum AIV shall not be more than 40%. For soft aggregate like
(AIV) brick ballast, laterite, kankar etc. having water absorption greater than
2% wet aggregate impact value (AIV) should be taken.
4. Lime Treated Soil Sub Base Lime Treated Soil Sub Base to be constructed as per IRC:SP-89-2010
and Clause 402 of Specifications of Road and Bridge Works -5th.
Revision.
Soil treated with lime may be used as sub base. Lime treatment is
generally effective for soil which contain relatively high parentage of
clay and silty clay with PI value greeter than 8
Quality of lime/cement - IS: 1514 Lime shall have purity of not less than 70% by wt. of Quick-lime
(CaO).
Lime content The mix design shall be done to arrive at the appropriate quantity of
lime to be added.
Degree of pulverization Minimum percent by weight passing the sieve:
26.5 mm – 100% & 5.6 mm – 80%.

Lime Treated Soil Sub Base CBR or Unconfined The laboratory CBR/UCS value shall be at least 1.5 times the min.
(Continued….) Compressive Strength test field value of CBR/UCS Lime treated soil sub base / sub grade shall
on a set of 3 specimens be tested for unconfined compressive strength (UCS) at 7 days.
Moisture content prior to IS:2720 (Part II) Neither is less than the optimum moisture content corresponding to IS:
compaction 2720 (Part VIII) nor more than 2 % above it.
Density of compacted IS:2720 (Part VIII) At least 98% of the maximum dry density
layer
5. Cement / Cement fly ash Cement / Cement fly ash Stabilised Soil Sub-base is to be constructer
Stabilised Soil Sub-base as par IRC: 50-1973 and Clause 402 of Specifications of Road and
Bridge Works -5th. Revision.
Quality of cement IS:269, 455 or 1489 Cement for stabilization shall either is OPC, PSC or PPC.
Cement content Quantity of cement shall be as per design so as to achieve design 7
days unconfined compressive (UCS) and or durability test. The
quantity of cement shall not be less than 2% by weight of mix.
Degree of pulverization Minimum percent by weight passing the sieve:
26.5 mm – 100% & 5.6 mm – 80%.
CBR or Unconfined IS-2720 (part-8). The minimum UCS value shall be 1.75 MPa when tested on
Compressive Strength test cylindrical specimen. Laboratory strength shall be 1.5 times greater
on a set of 3 specimens than the field UCS.
Moisture content prior to IS:2720 (Part II) Neither be less than the optimum moisture content corresponding to
compaction IS: 2720 (Part VIII) nor more than 2 % above it.
Density of compacted IS:2720 (Part VIII) At least 98% of the maximum dry density.
layer
Liquid limit and plastic The materials passing through 425 micron sieve shall have liquid limit
limit and plastic limit shall not be greater than 45 and 20 respectively.
6. Water Bound Macadam Water Bound Macadam Base or Sub base is to be constructed as par
(Base or Sub base) IRC 19-2005 and Clause 404 of Specifications of Road and Bridge
Works -5th. Revision.
WBM shall not be laid on an existing bituminous top surface without
scarifying or providing adequate measure for proper bond and
drainage at the interface of existing bituminous surface and WBM
layer should not be laid directly over a silty or clayey sub grade, a
suitable intervening granular layer.

Water Bound Macadam Grading of aggregate IRC: 19- 2005 Grading requirements of coarse aggregate for WBM shall be as per
(Base or Sub base) table-2 of IRC: 19- 2005 and that of screening shall be as per table 3 of
(Continued….) IRC 19-2005.
Los Angeles Abrasion IS: 2386 (Part IV) Maximum value of Los Angeles abrasion value shall not be greater
Value IS : 5640 than 50% for sub base & 40% for base. Aggregate impact value (AIV)
Aggregate Impact Value IS: 2386 (Part I) shall be 40% and 30% respectively for Sub base and Base.
Flakiness Index
Combined Flakiness & IS: 2386 (Part I) Maximum combined flakiness and elongation indices of 30%
Elongation Indices
Atterberg’s Limits of IS:2720 (Part V) Pl ≤ 6 Material finer than 425 micron shall have maximum PI value of
binding Material 6.
Atterberg’s Limit of IS: 383-1970 Maximum 10%
screenings IS: 2386 (Part I)-1963
Compaction of Stone WBM is made in following stages Spreading and
Rolling of stone aggregates > Spreading and rolling of stone screening
> Application and rolling of screening with sprinkle of water until the
course aggregates are bonded and firmly set and a grout of screening
and water forms ahead of the wheels of the roller.
7. Wet Mix Macadam Wet Mix Macadam (Base or Sub base) is to be constructed as par IRC
(Base or Sub base) 109-2015 and Clause 406 of Specifications of Road and Bridge Works
-5th. Revision.
Coarse aggregate shall be crushed stone / crusted gravel / shingle. In
case of grovel and shingle not less than 90% by eight should retain on
4.75 mm sieve and shall have at least two fractured surface.
Grading of aggregate IS: 383-1970 As per Table 400-13 of MORT&H or Table 2 IRC 109
IS: 2386 (Part I)
Los Angeles Abrasion IS: 2386 (Part IV) 40 % Maximum by Weight
value
Aggregate Impact Value IS: 2386 (Part IV) 30 % Maximum by Weight
Combined Flakiness IS: 2386 (Part I) 30 % Maximum by Weight
Index & Elongation Index
Atterberg Limits for IS:2720 (Part V) Pl ≤ 6
portion of aggregate
passing 425 micron sieve

Wet Mix Macadam Optimum moisture IS 2720 (Part-VIII) Optimum moisture for mixing shall be determined in accordance with
(Base or Sub base) content IS: 2720 (Part-VIII) after replacing the course aggregate fraction
(Continued….) retained on 19 mm, water in the mix during rolling shall not vary ± 1%.
The layer thickness may be checked by depth blocks during
construction.
Density of compacted IS:2720 (Part VIII) At least 98 % of MDD, Thickness of single compacted layer should not
layer exceed 100 mm when smooth wheel roller of 80 to 100 KN weight is
used. However, thickness of single layer up to 200 mm may be
compacted using vibratory Roller of minimum 80-100 KN static
weight.
Laying of WMM course over an existing thick bituminous layer should

be avoided since it will cause problems of bonding and internal
drainage of the pavement at the interface of two courses.

B) Bituminous -
1. Prime Coat over granular base i) Quality of binder IRC: 16 (2008) Table 500-3 & Table 500-4 of 5th Revision of Specifications for Road
[Standard and Bridge Works of Ministry of Road Transport & Highways.
ii) Binder temperature for
Specifications and
application (Henceforth only referred as 5th. Revision )
Code of practice for
iii) Rate of spread of prime and tack coat
Binder (Second revision)]
partially modified by
Cl. 502 of 5th Revision.
2. Tack Coat Do IRC: 16 (2008) Table 500-5 of 5th Revision.

[Standard
Specifications and
Code of practice for
prime and tack coat
(Second revision)]
partially modified by
Cl. 503 of 5th Revision.

3. Bituminous Macadam i) Quality of binder Cl. 504 of 5th Revision. Physical properties of coarse aggregate: Table 500-6 (5th Revision.)
ii) Aggregate Impact Value Aggregate grading and bitumen content: Table 500-7 (5th Revision.)
or Los Angeles Abrasion
Rolling & compaction: Cl. 504.3.6 of (5thRevision.)
Value
iii) Combined Flakiness and
Protection of the layer: Cl. 504.5 of (5thRevision.)
Elongation Indices
iv) Stripping value
v) Water absorption of
aggregates
vi) Water Sensitivity of mix
vii) Grading of aggregates
viii) Soundness (Magnesium
Sulphate/ Sodium
Sulphate)
ix) Percentage of fractured
Faces
x) Binder content
xi) Control of temperature of
binder and aggregate for
mix and of the mix at the
time of laying and rolling
xii) Density of Comp layer
xiii) Rate of spread of Mixed
Material
4. Dense Bituminous Macadam i) Quality of binder IRC: 111 (2009) Physical properties of coarse aggregate: Table 5 of IRC: 111 and /or,
ii) Aggregate Impact Value Specifications for Table 500-8 of 5th Revision.
or Los Angeles Abrasion dense graded
Value bituminous mixes and Grading of mineral filler: Table 6 of IRC: 111 and/or, Table 500-9 of
iii) Flakiness and Elongation / or Cl.505 of 5th 5th Revision.
Indices Revision. Aggregate grading and bitumen content (composition): Table 7 of IRC:
iv) Water absorption of
111 and/or, Table 500-10 of 5th Revision.
aggregates
v) Soundness test Requirement of DBM Mix: Table 8 of IRC: 111 and/or, Table 500-11
(Magnesium or Sodium of 5th Revision.
Sulphate)
vi) Sand equivalent test

Dense Bituminous Macadam vii) Plasticity Index IRC: 111 (2009) Plant trial- permissible variation in Job Mix Formula:
(Continued….) viii) Polished stone value Specifications for
ix) Percentage of fractured dense graded Table 9 of IRC: 111 and/or, Table 500-13 of 5th Revision.
Faces bituminous mixes and Compaction Criteria: Cl. 4.5.2 of IRC: 111 and /or Cl.505.3.5 of 5th
x) Mix grading / or Cl.505 of 5th Revision.
xi) Stability and voids Revision.
analysis of mix including
theoretical maximum
specific of loose mix
xii) Moisture Susceptibility of
mix (AASHTO T283)
xiii) Temperature of binder in
boiler, aggregate in dryer
and mix at the time of
laying and compaction
xiv) Binder content
xv) Rate of spread of Mixed
Material
xvi) Density of Comp. layer
5. Marshall Method of Asphalt mix MS-2 (Asphalt Table 8 of IRC: 111 and/or Table 500-11 of 5th Rev. For maximum
design Institute) (Chapter-5), size or aggregate is > 26.5 mm. (Cl.505.3.5 of 5th Rev.) Modified
ASTMD 5581 Marshall Method as per Cl. 5.16 of MS-2 shall apply.
6. Tests related to Marshall Method i) Determination of Bulk IS: 2386 (Part-III) As such no specified Acceptant criteria are there.
of Mix Design Specific Gravity, 1963 and/or ASTM C-
Apparent specific 127 for Coarse
gravity and water aggregates ASTM C
absorption of mineral 128 for Fine
aggregates. aggregate.
ii) Determination of ASTM D 2041 As such no specified Acceptant criteria are there.
Maximum theoretical (Standard test method
specific gravity of the for theoretical
mix. maximum specific
gravity and density of
bituminous paving
mixtures).

iii) Marshall stability & AASHTO T Table 500-11 of 5th Revision.
flow determination. 245(Resistance to Table 8 of IRC: 111.
Plastic flow of
Bituminous mixture
using Marshall
Apparatus)
iv) Tensile strength ratio AASHTO T Table 500-11 of 5th Revision.

283(Resistance of Table 8 of IRC: 111.
compacted Hot Mix
asphalt (MMA) to
Moisture induced
Damage)
Modified Marshall Method Cl. 505.3.2 of 5th When maximum size of aggregate used in aggregate graduation is
Revision. (2nd more than 26.5 mm. Modified Marshall Method of 150 mm. Diameter
paragraph) to be read specimen to be used.
along with Cl. 5.16 of
MS-2.
7. Bituminous Concrete Same as Sl. 4 IRC: 111 (2009) and Physical properties of coarse aggregate : Table 5 of IRC :111 and /or
/or Cl. 507 of 5th Table 500-16 of 5th Rev.
Revision.
Grading of mineral filler: Table 6 of IRC: 111 and /or Table 500-9 of
5th Revision.
Aggregate grading and bitumen content (composition): Table 7 of IRC:
111 and /or Table 500-17 of 5th Revision.
Requirement of BC Mix: Table 8 of IRC: 111 and/or Table 500-11 of
5th Revision.
Plant trial- permissible variation in Job Mix Formula:
Table 9 of IRC: 111 and/or Table 500-18 of 5th Revision.
Compaction Criteria: Cl. 5.6.4 of IRC: 111 and /or Cl.507.3.5 &
Cl.903.4.2 of 5th Revision.

8. Close-graded premix surfacing i) Quality of binder IRC : SP: 78 (2008) Aggregate gradation: Table: 3 of IRC: SP: 78 and /or Table 500-19 of
/ Mixed seal surfacing ii) Aggregate Impact Value or Specifications for 5th Rev. For annual rainfall more than 1500 mm. Type A, and for
Los Angeles Abrasion Value Mixed seal surfacing annual rainfall upto 1500 mm. Type B aggregate gradation has to be
iii) Combined Flakiness and (MSS) Close-graded followed.
Elongation Indices
premix surfacing Proportioning of Material: Cl. 3.3 of IRC: SP: 78 and/or Cl. 508.2.5 of
iv) Stripping value
(CGPS) and/ or, 5th Revision.
aggregates Cl. 508 of 5th N.B.: Quantity of aggregates shall be 0.27 m3 / 10 m2 [ in 5th Rev., it is
vi) Water Sensitivity of mix Revision. mis-printed as 0.27 m3 / m2 ]
vii) Grading of aggregates Physical requirement of aggregates :Cl. 3.2.1 of IRC: SP: 78
9. Open-graded premix surfacing viii) Soundness (Magnesium Cl. 510 of 5th Aggregate: Cl. 510.1.2.2 of 5th Revision.
Sulphate and Sodium Revision. Binder: Cl. 510.1.2.1 of 5th Revision.
Sulphate)
Proportioning of Material :Table 500-23 of 5th Rev.
ix) Polished stone value
x) Temperature of binder at
application
xi) Binder content
xii) Percentage of fractured faces
10. Seal Coat i) Quality of binder Cl. 511 of 5th Binder: Cl. 511.2.1 of 5th Revision.
ii) Aggregate Impact Value or Revision. Stone chips for Type A seal coat: Cl. 511.2.2 of 5th Revision.
Los Angeles Abrasion Value
Stone chips for Type B seal coat: Cl. 511.2.3 of 5th. Revision
iii) Combined Flakiness and
Elongation Indices
iv) Stripping value of aggregates
(Immersion Tray Test)
aggregates
vi) Water Sensitivity of mix
vii) Grading of aggregates
viii) Soundness(Magnesium
Sulphate and Sodium
Sulphate)
ix) Polished stone value
x) Temperature of binder in
boiler, aggregate in dryer and
mix at the time of laying and
compaction

11. Slurry Seal i) Quality of Aggregate Sand IRC:SP:81 (2008) Different types of Slurry Seals: Table 1 of IRC: SP: 81 and/or Table
Equivalent Value Water [Tentative 500.25 of 5th Revision.
Absorption Soundness specifications for Binder :Cl. 4.2.1 of IRC : SP: 81 and /or Cl. 512.3.1 5th Rev. [SS2
Test (Sodium /
Magnesium Sulphate Test)
Slurry Seal and micro type slow setting bituminous emulsion conforming to IS ; 8887]
surfacing] and/or Properties of Aggregate: Table 2 of IRC: SP: 81 and/or Table 500.26
ii) Quality of Emulsion
iii) Aggregate Moisture Cl. 512 of 5th of 5th Revision.
iv) Aggregate Gradation
Revision. Aggregate grading: Table 3 of IRC: SP: 81 and/or Table 500.27 of 5th
v) Binder content Revision.
vi) Calibration of Machine Mix Design Criteria: Table 4, Appendix 1, 3,4,5,6 of IRC: SP:
vii) Quantity of Slurry (By 81(2008).
weight of aggregate) Indicative Quantity of Ingredients: Table 5 of IRC: SP: 81 and/or Table
500.30 of 5th Revision.
12. Micro Surfacing Do IRC : SP: 81 (2008) Different types of Micro Surfacing: Table7 of IRC: SP: 81 and / or
Table 500-31 of 5th Revision.
Binder: Cl. 5.2.1 and Table 8 of IRC: SP: 81 and / or Table 500-32 of
5th Revision.
Aggregate grading: Type II and type III grade of Table 3of IRC: SP:
81.
Type II and type III grade of Table 500-27.
Mix design criteria for Micro Surfacing Mix :
Table 9 of IRC: SP: 81 and / or Table 500-33of 5th Revision.
Indicative Ingredients in Mix: Table 10 of IRC: SP: 81 and / or Table
500-34 of 5th Revision.
13. Surface Dressing Same as Sl. 10 IRC : 110 (2005) Binder: Cl. 4.1 of IRC: 110 and / or Cl. 509.2.1 of 5th Revision.
[Standard Aggregate: Cl. 4.2 of IRC: 110 and / or Cl. 509.2.2 of 5th Revision.
specifications and Physical requirements of aggregates : Table 2 of IRC: 110
code of practice for
Recommended Nominal Size of aggregate: Table 3 of IRC: 110 and /
design and
or Table 500-20 of 5th Revision.
construction of surface
dressing] Grading requirements of aggregates used for surface dressing: Table 4
of IRC: 110 and / or Table 500-21 of 5th Revision.
And/ or Cl. 509 of 5th
Revision. Approximate rate of application of binder and aggregates: Table 5(a) &
5(b) of IRC: 110 and / or Table 500-22 of 5th Revision.

14. Mastic Asphalt i) Quality of binder IRC: 107 (2013) Physical properties of binder: Table 1 of IRC: 107(2013) should be
ii) Aggregate Impact Value (Specification for followed instead of Table 500-39 of 5th Revision.
or Los Angeles Abrasion bitumen mastic Physical requirements of course aggregates : Table 2 of IRC : 107
Value wearing course) and / (2013)
iii) Combined Flakiness and or Cl. 516 of 5th
Elongation Indices Grading and percentage of course aggregates: Table 3 of IRC: 107
Revision.
iv) Stripping value (2013) and Table 500-40 of 5th Revision.
v) Water Sensitivity of mix N.B. In case of conflict, IRC: 107 (2013) should be guiding.
vi) Grading of aggregates Grading of fine aggregate including filler: Table 4 of IRC: 107 (2013)
vii) Water absorption of and Table 500-41 of 5th Revision.
aggregates N.B. In case of conflict, IRC: 107 (2013) should be guiding.
viii) Soundness (Magnesium
Sulphate and Sodium Composition of Bitumen Mastic Blocks without coarse aggregates:
Sulphate) Table 5 of IRC: 107 (2013) and / or Table 500-42 of 5th Revision.
ix) Percentage of fractured N.B. Bitumen content given in the tables are without coarse aggregate
faces and not with respect to the total mix including coarse aggregate.
x) Binder content and Lying the Bitumen Mastic: Cl. 6.2 of IRC: 107(2013) should be
aggregate grading followed.
xi) Control of temperature of
Joints of Mastic Asphalt: Cl. 6.3 of IRC: 107(2013) a better detailing
binder and aggregate for
mix and of the mix at the
of joints has been provided in IRC: 107, so it should be followed rather
time of laying and rolling than Cl. 516.4.6 of 5th Revision.
xii) Rate of spread of Mixed For mechanised construction operation of Mastic Asphalt: Annexure-II
Material of IRC-107(2013) may be referred.
th
xiii) Hardness number IS: 1195-1978 Hardness Number: Cl. 4 of IRC: 107 (2013) and Cl. 516.3.1 of 5
Revision.
15. Crack Prevention Course Cl.517 of 5th Revision. Quality of Materials required for 10 sq.m. of road surface for stress
Absorbing Membrane: Table 500-43 of 5th Revision.
16. Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) i) Quality of binder IRC: SP: 79 (2008) Bitumen: Cl. 3.1 of IRC: SP: 79.
ii) Aggregate Impact Value (Tentative Cl. 515.2.1 of 5th Revision.
or Los Angeles Abrasion Specifications for
Value
Physical requirement of coarse aggregates: Table 1 of IRC:SP:79
Stone Matrix Asphalt)
iii) Flakiness and Elongation Table 500-35 of 5th Revision.
and/or Cl. 515 of 5th
Indices Revision. Stabilizer additive: Cl. 3.5 of IRC: SP: 79.
iv) Water absorption of Cl. 515.2.5 of 5th Revision.
aggregates

Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) v) Soundness (Magnesium SMA Mix Design Composition of Stone Matrix asphalt: Table 3 of IRC:
(Continued….) Sulphate and Sodium SP: 79 and/or Table 500-37 of 5th Revision.
Sulphate)
SMA Mix Requirements: Table 4 of IRC: SP: 79 and/or Table 500-38 of
vi) Sand equivalent test 5th Revision.
vii) Plasticity Index
viii) Polished stone value
ix) Percentage of fractured
faces
x) Mix grading
xi) Air voids and VMA
analysis of mix including
theoretical maximum
specific gravity of loose
mix
xii) Moisture Susceptibility of
mix (AASHTO T 283)
xiii) Temperature of binder at
application
xiv) Binder content
xv) Rate of spread of Mixed
Material
xvi) Density of Comp. layer
17. Recycling of Bituminous Cl. 519 of 5th Revision

pavement
For all the above items, frequency N.B. Dedicated IRC publication for recycling of bituminous pavement
of test and quality control criteria is under process of publication. Interested Engineers may see "RAP
are guided by section 900 of 5th. Manual" Publication No FHWA-SA-98-042 in website of Federal
Revision. Highway Administration. USA, Mix design method using RAP is also
there in Appendix of MS-2.

C) Construction Material -
1. Paving Grade bitumen IS: 73(2013) Table 1 of IS: 73(2013)
[ASTM 3381 / 3381
M-13]
Characteristics of Bitumen i) Penetration IS: 2013 -DO-
[ASTMD 5]
ii) Absolute viscosity IS: 1206 [Part-2] -DO-
[ASTMD 2171]
iii) Kinetic viscosity IS: 1206 [Part-3] -DO-
[ASTMD 2170]
iv) Flash point IS: 1209 -DO-
(Cleveland open cup) [ASTMD 90]
v) Solubility in IS: 1216 -DO-
trichloroethylene [ASTMD 2042]
vi) Softening point (R & IS: 1205 -DO-
B) [ASTMD 36]
vii) Rolling Thin-Film ASTMD 2872 -DO-
Oven Test
viii) Viscosity Ratio Cl. 3.1. of IS: 73 * Viscosity ratio & ductility tests have to performed on the samples
after RTFOT
ix) Ductility IS: 1208 -DO-
[ASTMD 113]
x) Specific gravity / IS: 1202 IS: 73 does not specific any acceptable criteria for specific gravity.
density of [ASTMD 70]
bituminous material
N.B. In Indian context, IS codes should be followed for acceptance

criteria in general. However, interested engineers may follow relevant
ASTMs for detailed procedure of testing.

2. Industrial Grade Bitumen IS: 702(1988) Table 1 of IS: 702
Industrial grade bitumen is used for Mastic Asphalt Works.
Characteristics of Industrial grade bitumen and testing procedures are
same as that of Paving grade bitumen.
3. Polymer and Rubber modified IS: 15462(2004) and N.B. Though IRC: SP: 53 (2010) version is there, it is industry practice
Bitumen /or IRC: SP: 53 (2002) to follow 2002 version which is much similar to IS: 15462.
4. Classification of rubber and Table 1 of IRC: SP: 53 As such no acceptance or selection criteria of natural rubber, crumb
polymer based bitumen (2002) rubber or polymer based bitumen modifiers have been specified in
modifiers. code.
Instructed engineers may see ASTM D 6373.15 [standard specification
for performance graded Asphalt binder ]
5. Requirements of PMB (P) IRC: SP: (2002) Table 3 (page 9)
(Plastomeric thermoplastic And/or IS: Table 1 (page 2)
based) 15462(2004)
6. Requirements of PMB (E) IRC: SP: (2002) Table 2 (page 8)
(Elastomeric thermoplastic and/or IS: Table 2 (page 3)
based) 15462(2004)
7. Requirements of natural Rubber IRC: SP: (2002) Table 4 (page 10)
modified Bitumen (NRMB) and/or IS: Table 3 (page 3)
15462(2004)
8. Requirements of Crumb rubber IRC: SP: (2002) Table 5 (page 11)
modified Bitumen and/or IS: Table 4 (page 4)
15462(2004)
9. Special (extra) characteristics of i) Frass breaking point IS: 9381 For different kinds of PMBs, as specified in the above mentioned
PMBs apart from the usual tables.
characteristics of paving grade
bitumen.
ii) Elastic Recovery test. Appendix A of IS: -DO-
15462

iii) Separation test Appendix B of IS: For different kinds of PMBs, as specified in the above mentioned
15462 and / or tables.
Appendix 2 of IS: SP:
53 (2002)
iv) Complex Modulus Appendix C of IS: This test is specified for PMB (Plastomeric) variety only, as per IS:
(G*/ Sinδ) 15462 15462
N.B. The acceptance criteria of Elastic recovery test of different kinds
of PMBs specified in IS: 15462 (2004) and IRC: SP: 53 (2002) are a
bit different. The valves specified in IRC: SP: 53 (2002) seems to be
more rational.
10. Bitumen Emulsion- Cationic type IS: 8887(2004)
updated as per IRC:
SP: 100 (2014)
[ASTMD 2397
AASHTO M208]
11. Recommended Uses Of Cationic IS: 8887(2004) Annex A of IS: 8887(2004) (page 4)
Emulsion IRC: SP: 100 (2014) And/or Table 3.1 (page 13) also should be read along with Annexure-I
of IRC: SP: 100 (2014) page 67.
Specification of Cationic IS: 8887 and/or Table 1 (page 2)
Bituminous Emulsion IRC: SP: 100 (2014) Table 3.2 (page 13)
Properties of Modified Bitumen IRC: SP: 100 (2014) Table 3.2 (page 14)
Emulsion for Micro surfacing
12. Properties of Bitumen Emulsion i) Viscosity by say bolt Annex A of IS: 3117 Table 3.2 of IRC: SP: 100 (2014) and/or IS: 8887(2004)
Furol Viscometer (2004)
[Bitumen emulsion for
roads and allied
applications (anionic
type)]
ii) Residue on 600 Annex B of IS: 8887 -DO-
micron IS sieve (%
mass), Max

Properties of Bitumen Emulsion iii) Coagulation of Annex C of IS: 8887 Table 3.2 of IRC: SP: 100 and/or Table 1of IS: 8887(2004)
(Continued…..) Emulsion at low
temperature
iv) Storage stability Annex D of IS: 8887 -DO-
after 24 hrs, %
Maximum
v) Particle Charge Annex E of IS: 8887 -DO-
vi) Coating ability & Annex F of IS: 8887 -DO-
water resistance
vii) Stability to mixing Annex G of IS: 8887 -DO-
with cement (%
Coagulation),
Maximum
viii) Miscibility with Annex H of IS: 8887 -DO-
water
Test on Residue:
ix) Residue by Annex J of IS: 8887 -DO-
evaporation
(Minimum)
x) Penetration 250C / IS: 1203 -DO-
100 gm./ 5 sec.
xi) Ductility 270C, cm IS: 1208 -DO-
Minimum
13. New tests for Bituminous
emulsion (Cationic type) and
mixes with Bituminous emulsion.
i) Test Method for IRC: SP: 100(2014) Appendix 1
determination of bond
strength
ii) Method for determination of IRC: SP: 100(2014) Appendix 2
Mixing time

iii) Method for determination of IRC: SP: 100(2014) Appendix 3

consistency
iv) Method for determination of IRC: SP: 100(2014) Appendix 4
curing time
v) Method of wet stripping of IRC: SP: 100(2014) Appendix 6
cured slurry
vi) Method for wet track IRC: SP: 100(2014) Appendix 6
Abrasion test
vii) Test Method for IRC: SP: 100(2014) Appendix 7
determination of torsional
Elastic Recovery of Residual
Binders
viii) Calibration of slurry seal and IRC: SP: 100(2014) Appendix 8
Micro surfacing Machine
ix) Method for design of cold IRC: SP: 100(2014) Appendix 9
Mixes
x) Preparation of storable IRC: SP: 100(2014) Appendix 10
Mixture at site for
intermediate use
xi) Water Resistance test IRC: SP: 100(2014) Appendix 11
xii) Work ability test IRC: SP: 100(2014) Appendix 11
xiii) Binder content in cold mixes IRC: SP: 100(2014) Appendix 12
14. Cationic Bituminous Emulsion- IS:3117(2004) N.B. Anionic type of Bituminous emulsion is preferable for calcareous
Anionic type Varity of aggregate (i.e. lime stone) which are not generally used in
India. The reference code for Anionic type of Bituminous emulsion is
IS: 3117 (2004). Method of testing of different properties of
bituminous emulsion are provided in Annex "A" to Annex "K" of IS:
3117 (2004).

15. Cutback Bitumen IS: 217 (1998) N.B. Because of environmental issues, use of cutback bitumen is
generally restricted sub-zero temperature and some special cases.
(i) Requirements of rapid curing IS: 217 Table 1 of IS: 217 (Pages 2 & 3)
(RC) cutback bitumen
(ii) Requirements of Medium IS: 217 Table 1 of IS: 217 (Page 3)
curing (MC) cutback
bitumen
(iii) Requirements for Slow IS: 217 Table 1 of IS: 217 (Page 4)
Curing (SC) cutback
bitumen
D) Concrete Pavement -
1. Construction of Concrete Road IRC:15 (2011) Three codes IRC: 61 (tentative guideline for construction of cement
concrete pavements in Hot weather, IRC: 91 (tentative guideline for
construction of cement concrete pavements in cold weather), IRC:
84(code of practice for curing of cement concrete pavements) have
been withdrawn and amalgamated in IRC: 15 (2011).
(i) Flexural Strength of concrete IRC:15 (2011) Cl. 4.1.4 page 11 (should be determined by third point loading of
(design criteria for concrete flexural beam 150 mm. x 150 mm. x 700 mm. as per IS:516 for all
road) major projects)
N.B. Determination of flexural strength by co-relating compressive
cube strength is not allowed for major prospects.
Cl. 4.1.6 for small size project.
(ii) Expected values of standard IRC:15 (2011) Table 5 of page 12
deviation of Flexural
strength
(iii) Expected values of deviation IRC:15 (2011) Table 6 of page 13
of compressive strength
(iv) Joint in concrete pavements IRC:15 (2011) Cl. 8 of page 30-38
(v) Dowel Bars IRC:15 (2011) Cl.8.3.6 of page 38
(vi) Recommended dimensions IRC:15 (2011)and /or Table 12 of page 39
of dowel bars for rigid IRC:58 (2011) Table 5 of page 28
pavements for an axel load
of 10.2 Ton

(vii) Details of Tie bars for IRC:15 (2011)and /or Table 13 of page 42
longitudinal joints of two- IRC:58 (2011) Table 6 of page 30
lane rigid pavements
(viii) Acceptance criteria of
strength :-
Flexural strength IRC:15 (2011) Cl. 12.8.1 page 74
(ix) Compressive strength IRC:15 (2011) Cl. 12.8.2 page 74& 75
(x) Quality control tests for IRC:15 (2011) Table 19 of page 90, 91
paving Quality concrete
2. Design of Plain jointed rigid IRC:58 (2011)
pavement
3. Dry lean concrete as sub-base for IRC:SP:49 (2014) Cl.601 of 5th.Revision should also be read, however IRC: SP: 49 is the
rigid pavement guiding for DLC.
(i) Grading of aggregates IRC:SP:49 Table 1
(ii) Cement to be used IRC:SP:49 Cl. 3.1
(iii) Concrete compressive IRC:SP:49 Cl. 4.1
strength
(iv) Concrete mix proportions IRC:SP:49 Cl. 4.2
(v) Trial mix IRC:SP:49 Cl. 7.1
(vi) Placing IRC:SP:49 Cl. 7.5
(vii) Compaction IRC:SP:49 Cl. 7.6
(viii) Control of Thickness, IRC:SP:49 Cl. 7.10
density and strength
(ix) Tests of DLC results with IRC:SP:49 Annex 'B'
different cements with
different proportions
4.1 Cement concrete design for IRC:44 (2008) to be Minimum grade of concrete for PQC: M 40 (Flexural strength 4.5
pavements (Pavement Quality referred along with MPa), for Rural road: M: 30 for white topping: M: 50.
Concrete, PQC) IS:10262 (2009)
(i) Cement to be used IRC:44 Cl. 4.1
(ii) Coarse aggregate IRC:44 Table 1
requirements

(iii) Fine aggregate requirements IRC:44 Table 2
(iv) Mineral Admixtures IRC:44 Cl. 4.6. (Fly Ash, GBFS, Silica Fume, Metakaoline.)
(v) Admixtures IRC:44 Cl. 4.2. (Chemical admixture, air entraining admixture fibres.)
4.2 Data for Mix proportioning IRC:44 Cl. 5.
(i) Preliminary selection of IRC:44 Table 4
Water-Cement ratio for
given grade of concrete
(ii) Selection of Water content IRC:44 Cl. 7.2
(iii) Calculation of cementations IRC:44 Cl. 7.3
Material content
[With the range of minimum
cementations material
content and maximum
cement content excluding
mineral admixtures such as
fly ash, silica fume or
g.g.b.f.s.]
(iv) Estimation of coarse and fine IRC:44 Cl. 7.4 and Table 6
aggregate contents
4.3 Procedure for mix proportioning IRC:44 Cl. 9
4.4 Illustrative examples with and IRC:44 Annexure 'C' & Annexure 'D'
without mineral aggregate
5. Guidelines for Maintenance, IRC:SP:83 (2008)
Repairs and rehabilitation of
cement concrete pavements
6. Tentative guidelines for IRC:SP:76 (2008)
conventional, this and ultra-thin
white topping

7. Guidelines for the use of high IRC:SP:76 (2008)
performance concrete in bridges
8. Recommended Practice for IRC:7 (2006)

sealing of joints in concrete
pavements
9. Structural Evaluation of Rigid IRC: 117 (2015)

pavement by Falling Weight
Deflectometer
10. Design and construction of IRC: 118 (2015)

continuously reinforced concrete
Pavement (CRCP)
11. Design of continuously IRC: 101 (1988)

reinforced concrete pavement
with elastic joint.

II. BUILDING
1. Soil Exploration and Testing
Number and Disposition of Test

Depth of Exploration
Locations
The number and disposition of NBC: SP7-2005 The depth of exploration required depends on the type of proposed
various tests shall depend upon structure, its total weight, the size, shape and disposition of the loaded
Part 6: Structural
type of structure / buildings and areas, soil profile, and the physical properties of the soil that
Design
the soil strata variations in the constitutes each individual stratum. Normally, it should be one and a
area. General guidelines are, Section 2 Soils & half times the width of the footing below foundation level. In weak
however, given below: Foundation soils, the exploration should be continued to a depth at which the loads
can be carried by the stratum in question without undesirable
a) For a compact building site
settlement and shear failure.
covering an area of about 0.4
hectare (4000m2) one bore
hole or trial pit in each comer
and one in the centre should Sl. Type of Foundation Depth of Foundation
be adequate.
i) Isolated spread footing or 1½ times the width
b) For smaller and less important
raft of footing.
buildings, even one bore hole
or trial pit in the centre will
ii) Adjacent footings with clear 1½ times the length of the
suffice.
spacing less than twice the footing.
c) For very large areas covering width
industrial and residential
colonies, the geological nature iii) Pile foundation To a depth of 1½ times the
of the terrain will help in width of structurefrom toe of
deciding the number of bore pile.
holes or trial pits.
Subsurface Investigation for

IS1892
Foundations

Classification and Identification
IS 1498
of Soils
Method of different tests for Soils IS 2720
2. Material -
i) Cement
a) 33 Grade ordinary Portland

IS 269
Cement
Where chloride is encountered along with sulphates in soil or ground
b) 43 Grade ordinary Portland
IS 8112 water, OPC with C3A content from 5 to 8% shall be desirable to be
Cement
used in concrete instead of sulphate resisting cement.
c) 53 Grade ordinary Portland
IS 12269
Cement
d) Rapid hardening Portland IS 8041 Used in cold weather concreting.

Cement
e) Portland Slag Cement IS 455 Exhibits better sulphate resisting properties if slag content is more than
50%.
f) Portland Pozzolana Cement IS 1489

(fly ash based)
(Part 1)
g) Portland Pozzolana Cement IS 1489
(calcined clay based)
(Part 2)
h) Low heat Portland Cement IS 12600 Adequate precaution shall be taken regarding removal of formwork.
i) Sulphate resisting Portland IS 12330

Cement
j) Supersulphated Cement IS 6909 Use is generally restricted where the prevailing temperature is above
40º C.

Testing of Cement
Determination of fineness of
IS 4031 (Part 1)
cement by dry sieving
Determination of soundness IS 4031 (Part 3)
Determination of consistency of
IS 4031 (Part 4)
standard cement paste
Determination of initial and final IS 4031 (Part 5)

setting time
Determination of compressive IS 4031 (Part 6)

strength
ii) Coarse and Fine Aggregates
Specification for coarse and fine IS 383

aggregates
Testing of aggregates
Methods of test for aggregates for IS 2386
concrete
(Part 1 to 8)
iii) Concrete Reinforcement and

Detailing
Mild steel and medium steel bars IS 432: Part 1
High strength deformed steel bars IS 1786
Handbook on Concrete SP 34
Reinforcement and Detailing

iv) Concrete and Admixture
Plain and Reinforced Concrete IS 456 Apart from strength requirement grade of concrete shall be selected on
Ready Mixed Concrete IS 4926 the basis of environmental exposure condition of the structural
members.
The concrete shall be deemed to comply with the strength
requirements when both the following conditions are met.
a) The mean strength determined from any group of four non-overlapping
consecutive test results complies with the appropriate limits in col 2 of the
following Table.
b) Any individual test result complies with the appropriate limits in col 3 of
the following Table.
Characteristic Compressive Strength Compliance Requirement
Note- In the absence of established value of standard deviation, the values
given in the following Table may be assumed, and attempt should be made to
obtain results of 30 samples as early as possible to establish the value of
standard deviation. Three test specimens shall be made for each sample
for testing at 28 days. The test results of the sample shall be the average
of the strength of three specimens.
Minimum Frequency of Sampling of Concrete
Note- At least one sample shall be taken from each shift. When concrete is
produced at continuous production unit, such as ready mixed plant, frequency
of sampling may be agreed upon mutually by suppliers and purchasers.

Public Works Department, Govt. of West Bengal Page 26
Specified Mean of the Group of 4 Non-Overlapping Individual Test

Grade Consecutive Test Results in N/mm2 Results in N/mm2
≥ fck + 0.825 x established standard deviation
M 15 or
(rounded off to nearest 0.5 N/mm ) or fck + 3 ≥ fck –3 N/mm2
above
N/mm2 whichever is greater.

Concrete Mix Proportioning – IS 10262 The mix shall be designed to produce the grade of concrete having the
Guidelines required workability and a characteristic strength. The target mean
strength of concrete mix should be equal to the characteristic strength
plus 1.65 times the standard deviation.
Assumed Standard Deviation

Assumed Standard
Grade of concrete
Deviation, N/mm2
M10, M15 3.5
M20, M25 4.0
M30, M35, M40, 5.0
M45, M50, M55
Concrete Admixtures (Chemical ) IS 9103 Doses of retarders, plasticisers and super plasticisers shall be restricted
to 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% respectively by weight of cement.
3. Falsework and Scaffolding
Guideline for falsework for IS 14687
concrete structures
Steel tubular scaffolding IS 4014: Part1
4. Construction of Foundation
Construction of Shallow IS 1080
Foundation in soils
Construction of foundation in IS1904
soils on plane and sloping ground
– General Requirements
Construction of Raft Foundations IS 2950(Part I)
Construction of Driven cast-in IS2911: Part1:Sec 1
situ concrete piles The L- bends in the reinforcements at the bottom of the piles should
Construction of Bored cast-in situ IS 2911: Part1:Sec 2 not be provided to avoid formation of soft toe.
concrete piles
Construction of Timber piles IS 2911:Part2
Static Load Test on piles IS 2911: Part 4 Initial load test on piles shall ensure safe pile capacity as well as
greater economy in foundation.
Non- Destructive Integrity Test of IS 14893 Pile integrity test may be recommended to ascertain the structural
Piles integrity of piles.

Sl. No. Item / Activity Test Reference Code Acceptance Criteria / Guideline /Special Features
5. Provision for Lift
Guidelines for outline dimensions IS 14665: Part 1 Clear dimensions of lift well shall be verified before construction
of passenger, goods, service and
hospital lifts
6. Fire Safety of Building
Fire Safety of building : General IS 1641, IS1642, Fire safety norms shall be strictly adhered to while planning and
guidelines IS 1643, IS 1644 designing a building, deciding sizes of different structural and non-
structural elements as well as selecting finishing items.
Fire Safety of Educational IS 14435
Building
7. Earthquake Resistant Structure
Criteria for earthquake resistant IS 1893 To make a building earthquake resistant the provisions given in the
design of structures codes shall be strictly followed while planning, designing and
construction.
Earthquake resistant design and IS 4326
construction of buildings
Ductile detailing of reinforced IS 13920 Building frame systems shall be designed as special R C moment
concrete structures subjected to resisting frame complying with the ductile detailing to reduce the dead
seismic force weight of the structure.
Seismic Evaluation, Repair and IS 13935 Cost wise the building construction including the seismic code
Strengthening of Masonry provisions in the first instance, works outthe cheaper in terms of its
Buildings - Guideline own safety and that of theoccupants. Retrofitting an existing
inadequate buildingmay involve as much as 2.5 to 3 times the initial
Seismic Evaluation and IS 15988 extraexpenditure required on seismic resisting features.
Strengthening of Existing
Reinforced Concrete Buildings
- Guideline Repair and seismic strengthening of a damagedbuilding may even be 4
to 6 times as expensive. It istherefore very much safe as well as cost-
effective toconstruct earthquake resistant buildings at the initialstage
itself according to the relevant seismic IndianStandards.

III. BRIDGE WORKS

1. Sub-Surface Exploration
A. INVESTIGATION
i) Preliminary Investigation Stage
 study geological
information.
 data of nearby structures, if
any.
 site investigation about river
bed and banks, etc.
ii) Detailed Investigation Stage IRC:78-2014 Rotary drills with casing diameter not less than 150 mm shall be used
 determine the characteristics Cl. No 704 upto the level of rock.
of the existing geo-materials
 establish the design
parameters
iii) Construction Stage
 confirm the characteristics of
geo-materials at foundation
locations.
B. TESTS FOR DEEP
FOUNDATION
i) Bed level to anticipated maximum In-situ Tests :- Sampling -
scour depth Permeability tests. Disturbed samples may be collected.
 Soil Classification
IRC:78-2014
 Particles size distribution Laboratory Tests - Appendix-2
 Permeability, where Classification Tests,
dewatering is expected including particle size
distribution.

ii) Maximum anticipated scour level Laboratory Tests : Sampling for Laboratory Tests :
to the foundation level
a) Classification Tests Same as above & Undisturbed samples shall be collected.
 Soil Classification. including particle size
distribution. Notes:
 Particles size distribution
b) Moisture content, 1) Laboratory tests to be conducted according to the relevant parts
 Moisture content, density, density, void ratio of IS 2720,
void ratio.
c) Shear strength - 2) Use of sophisticated equipment like, pressure meter may be made,
 Shear strength. Triaxial tests to be if suitable co-relations for interpretation of data collected are
done on undisturbed available.
 Compressibility. samples. Unconfined
compression tests to 3) Down hole/Cross hole seismic surveys shall be as per ASTM
 Permeability where be done on 4428/D 4428 M
dewatering is expected. undisturbed and/or IRC:78-2014
remoulded samples 4) Seismic Methods and/or Electrical Resistivity Method can be used
 Chemical analysis of soil Appendix-2 for soil/rock profiling. Down hole/Cross hole seismic surveys
and ground water (for d) Consolidation tests. could be used for establishing elastic moduli and rock profiling at
aggressive elements). greater depths.
In-situ Tests for
Cohesionless soils : 5) Down hole/Cross hole seismic surveys are useful for long bridges
(i.e. of the order of 1 km and above) and for reducing the number
a) Dynamic Cone of bores taken in the portions that are permanently under water.
Penetration Test. For these applications, geotechnical profiles obtained by seismic
methods shall be calibrated /confirmed with actual profiles taken
b) Standard Penetration by bores at intermediate locations.
Test.
c) Down hole/Cross hole

seismic surveys.
d) Permeability tests.

In-situ Tests for
Cohesive Soils :
CLASSIFICATION AND CHARACTERISTICS
a) Dynamic Cone
OF ROCKS
Penetration Test.
b) Static Cone Penetration Unconfined
Test - cone and skin Rock Compressive
Description
resistance Type Strength (UCS) in
MPa
c) Field Vane Shear Test.
d) Permeability tests. Extremely Cannot be scratched with knife or > 200
Strong sharp pick. Breaking of specimen
e) Down hole/Cross hole
could be done by sledge hammer
seismic surveys
only.
IRC:78-2014 Very Cannot be scratched with knife or 100 to 200

Strong sharp pick. Breaking of specimens
Appendix-2 requires several hard blows of
geologists' pick.
Strong Can be scratched with knife or pick 50 to 100

with difficulty. Hard blow of
hammer required to detach hand
specimen.
iii) Foundation level to about 1.5 Same as above.

times of the width of foundation
and below it.
 Soil Classification
 Shear Strength
 Compressibility

2. Open Foundations
i) Construction  The protective works shall be completed before the floods so that
the foundation does not get undermined.
 Excavation on open foundations shall be done after taking
necessary safety precautions for which guidance may be taken
IRC:78-2014 from IS 3764.
Cl. No 707  Where blasting is required to be done for excavation in rock, and
is likely to endanger adjoining foundations or other structures,
necessary precautions, such as, controlled blasting, providing
suitable mat cover to prevent flying of debris, etc. shall be taken
to prevent any damage.
ii) Condition for laying of  Normally, the open foundations should be laid dry. Dewatering
foundations by pumping or depression of water by well point, etc. may be
resorted to.
IRC:78-2014
 If foundations cannot be laid dry the foundation concrete may be
Cl. No 707
laid under water only by tremie pipe. No pumping of water shall
be permitted from the time of placing of concrete upto 24 hours
after placement.
iii) Backfilling trenches around the  All spaces excavated and not occupied by abutments, pier or other
footing permanent works shall be refilled with earth upto the surface of
the surrounding ground, with sufficient allowance for settlement.
All backfill shall be thoroughly compacted and in general, its top
surface shall be neatly graded.
IRC:78-2014  In case of excavation in rock, the trenches around the footing
Cl. No 707 shall be filled-up with concrete of M 15 grade upto top of the
rock.
 If the depth of fill required is more than 1.5 m in soft rock or 0.6
m in hard rock above the foundation level, then concrete may be
filled upto this level by M 15 concrete and portion above may be
filled by concrete or by boulders grouted with cement.

3. Well Foundations
i) SAND ISLAND IRC:78-2014  Sand island where provided shall be protected against scour and
Appendix-4 the top level shall be sufficiently above the prevailing water level
so that it is safe against wave action.
 The dimension of the sand island shall not be less than three times
the dimension in plan of the well.
ii) Tilts and Shifts IRC:78-2014  As far as possible, the wells shall be sunk plumb without any tilts
Cl. No 708 and shifts. However, a tilt of 1 in 80 and a shift of 150 mm due to
translation shall be allowed.
 If the actual tilts and shifts exceed the above limits, then the
remedial measures have to be resorted to bring the well within
that limit.
If it is not possible then its effect on bearing pressure, steining
stress and other structural elements shall be examined.
iii) Bottom Plug  The bottom plug shall be provided in all wells and the top shall be
kept not lower than 300 mm in the centre above the top of the
curb. A suitable sump shall be below the level of the cutting edge.
Before concerting the bottom plug, it shall be ensured that it’s
inside faces have been cleaned thoroughly.
 The concrete mix used in bottom plug shall have a minimum
cement content of 330 kg/m3 and a slump of about 150 mm to
IRC:78-2014 permit easy flow of concrete through tremie to place fill-up all
Cl. No 708 cavities.
 Concrete shall be laid in one continuous operation till dredge hole
is filled to required height.
 For under water concreting, the concrete shall be placed by tremie
under still water condition and the cement content of mix be
increased by 10 percent.
If any dewatering is required it shall be carried out after 7 days
have elapsed after bottom plugging.

iv) Construction stage IRC:78-2014
Cl. No 704 &  The well shall as far as possible be sunk true to position and
 Cutting edge and the top of Appendix-4 vertical.
the well curb shall be placed  Sinking should not be started till the steining has been cured for at
truly horizontal. least 48 hours.
 The cutting edge shall be  Dredged material shall be deposited evenly around the well.
placed on dry bed.
 Sumps made by dredging below cutting edge shall preferably not
 Well steining shall be built be more than half the internal diameter.
in lifts and the first lift shall
be laid after sinking the curb  A complete record of sinking operation including tilt and shifts,
at least partially for stability. kentledge, dewatering, blasting, etc. done during sinking shall be
maintained.
 The steining shall be built in
one straight line from bottom  During the construction of wells when it has not reached the
to top right angle to the founding level or has not been plugged, the wells are likely to be
plane of the curb. subjected to full pressure due to water current upto full scour.
This may result in tilting, sliding and shifting. Safety of well must
 Sand blowing in wells can be ensured by suitable methods, where required.
often be minimized by
keeping the level of water
inside the well higher than
the water table and also by
adding heavy kentledge.
4. Pile Foundation [Bored Piles]

i) Diameter Tolerances
The minimum diameter shall be Permissible tolerances for piles :-
1.0 m for river/marine bridges. For vertical piles 75 mm at piling platform level and tilt not exceeding
For bridges beyond the water 1 in 150.
zone and for bridges on land, the IRC:78-2014  In the exceptional case of interruption of concreting, which can be
diameter may be reduced upto
Cl. No 709 resumed within 1 or 2 hours, time to time the tremie shall be raised
750 mm.
and lowered slowly and Concreting should be resumed by
Max. W.C. ratio 0.4 introducing a little richer concrete with a slump of about 200 mm.
Slump (mm) 150-200 If the concreting cannot be resumed before final set of already
Min. Cement contents 400 kg/m3 placed concrete, the pile so cast may be rejected or accepted with
modifications.
 In case of withdrawal of tremie out of the concrete, either
accidentally or to remove a choke in the tremie, the tremie may be
reintroduced in the following manner
i) The tremie shall be gently lowered on to the old concrete with
very little penetration initially.
ii) A vermiculite plug / surface retarders should be introduced in
the tremie.
iii) Fresh concrete of slump between 150 mm to 175 mm should
be filled in the tremie which will push the plug forward and
will emerge out of the tremie displacing the laitance/scum.
iv) The tremie will be pushed further in steps.
v) When tremie is buried by about 60 to 100 cm. concreting may
be resumed.

Construction stage  When concreting is carried out for a pile, a temporary casing
ii)
should be installed to sufficient depth.
 Minimum 200 mm diameter Tremie shall be used.
 The first charge of concrete should be placed with a sliding plug.
IRC:78-2014
 The tremie pipe should always penetrate well into the concrete.
Cl. No 709
 The pile should be concreted wholly in one continuous operation
 All tremie tubes should be scrupulously cleaned after use.
 The 'L' bends in the reinforcements at the bottom of the piles
should not be provided.
Routine load test IS : 2911 ( Part 4 ) -
iii) 1985
 Routine load test should be
done at foundations of
bridges to reconfirm or
modify the allowable loads.
 The lateral load test may be
conducted on two adjacent
piles.
iv) Pile dynamic test & Pile IRC:78-2014
integrity test Appendix-7
 The test procedure is
standardized as per ASTM
D4945 and ASTM D5882
The number of tests shall be
decided by the Engineer - in -
charge.

5. Substructure
 In case of plain concrete substructure, surface reinforcement at
the rate of 2.5 kg/m2 shall be provided in each direction, i.e., both
horizontally and vertically. Spacing of such bars shall not exceed
200 mm.
 The backfill behind the wing and return walls shall conform to the
specifications in Appendix-6 with provision for proper drainage.
IRC:78-2014  Adequate number of weep holes not exceeding one metre spacing
Cl. No 710 & in both directions should be provided. The weep holes should be
Appendix-6 provided above the low water level.
 Wing walls may be laid at any suitable angle to the abutment. In
case of river bridges, these are normally splayed in plan at 45°.
 Two layers of mesh reinforcement shall be provided - one at 20
mm and other at 100 mm from top of pedestal or pier cap, which
support bearings and at jack location for lifting of superstructure,
each consisting of 8 mm bars at 100 mm in both directions.
6. Superstructure
The factors influencing
durability of concrete include: Durability Recommendations for Service Life of at Least 100 Years
 The environment (20 mm Aggregate) (IRC:112-2011)
 The cover to embedded steel Exposure Maximum Minimum Minimum Minimum
 The type and quality of Condition water/cement cement grade of Cover,
IRC:112-2011 ratio content kg/m3 concrete mm
materials
 The cement content and w/c Moderate 0.45 340 M25 40
ratio Severe 0.45 360 M30 45
 Compaction and efficient curing Very Severe 0.40 380 M40 50
 The shape and size of the Extreme 0.35 400 M45 75
member.

PRESTRESSING  In practice, the force and elongation of tendon may not exactly
match with the expected values given in stressing schedule and
 Prestressing steel may be
either the force (or the elongation) will be achieved first and the
tensioned by means of
other value lag behind. In such cases the force (or elongation) shall
hydraulic or mechanical jacks.
be further increased, but not exceeding 5 percent of the design
 The tension apparatus shall be value till the elongation (or force), which had lagged behind
such that it facilitates reaches the design value. If, even lagged quantity does not reach
measurement and control of the design value, reference should be made to the designer for
application of force. review and corrective action.
IS 1343 : 2012 i) The initial tension required to remove slackness shall be taken as
 .The anchorage provided for Cl. No 13.2 the starting point for measuring elongation.
the temporary gripping of
ii) Further increase of tension shall be carried out in suitable steps
tendons on the tensioning and corresponding elongations noted.
apparatus shall be secured and
iii) The ‘force-elongation’ relationship shall be recorded in tabular
such as not to damage the and/or graphical form.
tendon.
iv) The magnitude of initial effective elongation corresponding to
initial tension applied to remove slackness shall be obtained from
the recorded and linearized portion of measured tension
elongation relationship and added to the measured elongation to
give the total elongation.
7. Material

i) Cement
 Ordinary Portland Cement 33 Chemical admixtures
Grade conforming to IS 269  To improve properties of fresh concrete such as workability,
 Ordinary Portland Cement 43 admixtures conforming to IS 9103 may be used.
Grade conforming to IS 8112 Mineral admixtures
 Ordinary Portland Cement 53 IRC:112-2011  Fly ash conforming to Grade-I of IS 3812-2003
Grade conforming to IS 12269
Cl. No 18.4 & 14.3.2.5  Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBS) conforming to
 Rapid Hardening Portland IS 12089
Cement conforming to IS  Silica fume conforming to IS 15388.
8041
 Sulphate Resistant Portland Maximum cement content
Cement conforming to IS Cement content shall not exceed 450 kg/m3
12330
Sl. No. Item / Activity Test Reference Code Acceptance Criteria / Guideline /Special Features
 Portland Pozzolana Cement
conforming to IS 1489 (Part-I)
 Portland Blast Furnace Slag
Cement conforming to IS 455
 Low Heat Portland Cement
conforming to IS 12600

Concrete (IRC:112-2011) Minimum Frequency of Sampling of Concrete

ii) Procedure for Design of Mix
Concreting in Hot Weather
 Procedures as per any national  The temperature of concrete at the time of placement should be
code as low as possible, but in no case more than 30°C
 The target mean strength of
Concreting in Cold Weather
concrete shall exceed the
specified characteristic strength  concrete shall have a temperature of at least 5°C at the time of
by at least the margin (called placing
current margin) taken as 1.645 Curing and Protection of Concrete
times the standard deviation
 The concrete shall be kept constantly wet for a minimum
 Where the standard deviation is period of 14 (fourteen) days by ponding or covering with a
not available, the current layer of wet sacking, canvas, hessian or similar absorbent
margin for the initial mix design material.
shall be taken as 10 MPa

iii) Reinforcement IRC:112-2011 Mechanical Properties :
For seismic zones III, IV & V

HYSD steel bars having minimum elongation of 14.5 percent and
conforming to other requirements of IS 1786 shall be used.
actual 0.2% Proof Stress /

Yield Stress but not less
Minimum Yield Stress /
Relevant BIS Standard
0.2% Proof Stress fyk
Strength, as % of the
Grade / Designation
Minimum Tensile
Type of Steel
than
Bars upto&
20 mm dia. 410 MPa
IS:432 = 250 MPa
Mild
Grade - I (Part-1) -
Steel
1982 20 mm ≤
dia 50 mm 410 MPa
= 240 MPa
110% (not less
Fe 415
than 485 MPa)
IS: 1786 415 MPa
112% (not less
High Fe 415D
than 500 MPa)
Yield 108% (not less
Strength Fe 500
than 545 MPa)
Deformed IS: 1786 500 MPa
Steel 110% (not less
Fe 500D
(HYSD than 565 MPa)
Steel) 106% (not less
Fe 550
IS: 1786- than 585 MPa)
550 MPa
2008 108% (not less
Fe 550D
than 600 MPa)
IS: 1786- 106% (not less
Fe 600 600 MPa
2008 than 600 MPa)
actual 0.2% Proof Stress /

Yield Stress but not less
Minimum Yield Stress /
Relevant BIS Standard
0.2% Proof Stress fyk
Strength, as % of the
Grade / Designation
Min. % Elongation
Minimum Tensile
Type of Steel
than
Bars upto&
20 mm dia. 410 MPa 23
IS:432 = 250 MPa
Mild
Grade - I (Part-1) -
Steel
1982 20 mm ≤
dia 50 mm 410 MPa 23
= 240 MPa
110% (not less
Fe 415 14.5
than 485 MPa)
IS: 1786 415 MPa
112% (not less
High Fe 415D 18.0
than 500 MPa)
Yield 108% (not less
Strength Fe 500 12.0
than 545 MPa)
Deformed IS: 1786 500 MPa
Steel 110% (not less
Fe 500D 16.0
(HYSD than 565 MPa)
Steel) 106% (not less
Fe 550 10.0
IS: 1786- than 585 MPa)
550 MPa
2008 108% (not less
Fe 550D 14.5
than 600 MPa)
IS: 1786- 106% (not less
Fe 600 600 MPa 10.0
2008 than 600 MPa)

Chemical Composition :
Percent Maximum
Constituent
Fe 415 Fe 415D Fe 500 Fe 500D Fe 550 Fe 550D Fe 600
Carbon 0.30 0.25 0.30 0.25 0.30 0.25 0.30
Sulphur 0.060 0.045 0.055 0.040 0.055 0.040 0.040
Phosphorus 0.060 0.045 0.055 0.040 0.050 0.040 0.040

Sulphur and
0.110 0.085 0.105 0.075 0.100 0.075 0.075
Phosphorus
iv) Prestressing Steel IRC:112-2011
 Stress relieved multiply

strands of normal relaxation
IS: 6006
 Stress-relieved multiply
strands of low relaxation
IS:14268

Structural Steel IS 2062 : 2011

v)  For semi-killed steel, silicon shall be less than 0.10 percent.
GRADES
 There shall be nine grades of
steel.  For killed steel, when the steel is killed by aluminium alone, the
total aluminium content shall not be less than 0.02 percent. When
 For grades E 250 to E 410, the steel is killed by silicon alone, the silicon content shall not be
there shall be four sub- less than 0.10 percent. When the steel is silicon-aluminium killed,
qualities (A, BR, B0 and C). the silicon content shall not be less than 0.03 percent and total
 For grades E 450 to E 650, aluminium content shall not be less than 0.01 percent.
there shall be two sub-
qualities (A and BR).
 Sub-qualities A, BR, B0 and Nominal Nominal relaxation Low relaxation
Class
C indicate requirement of Designation area Breaking 0.2% Proof Breaking 0.2% Proof
impact test and mode of de- mm² Load, kN Load, kN Load, kN Load, kN
oxidation as indicated below: I 11.1 mm 7 ply 70.0 124.54 105.86 120.1 108.0
12.7 mm 7 ply 92.9 166.18 139.9 160.1 144.1
15.2 mm 7 ply 139.0 226.86 192.83 240.2 216.2
II 11.1 mm 7Page
ply 40 74.2 137.89 117.21 137.9 124.1
12.7 mm 7 ply 98.8 183.71 156.11 183.7 165.3
15.2 mm 7 ply 140.0 261.44 222.23 260.7 234.6

Item / Activity Test Reference Code Acceptance Criteria / Guideline / Special Features
Sl. No. 1. A: Impact test not
Internal Bend Diameter

Percentage Elongation A, Min
Charpy Impact Test

at Gauge Length, Lo = 5.65
required, semi-
(See Note 2)
(See Note 3)
Yield Stress
Grade Designation
RH, Min
killed/killed
Rm, Min MPa ¹⁾

Tensile Strength
MPa ¹⁾
Min
(See Note 1)
Quality
2. BR: Impact test
optional; if required at
room temperature;
semi-killed/killed.
Temp Min
<20 20-40 >40 ≤25 >25
⁰C J
3. B0: Impact test A - -
mandatory at 0°C, semi- BR RT 27
killed/killed. E250 410 250 240 230 23 2t 3t
B0 0 27
4. C: Impact test C (-) 20 27
mandatory at – 20°C, A - -
killed. E275
BR
430 275 265 255 22 2t 3t
RT 27
B0 0 27
C (-) 20 27
A - -
BR RT 27
E 00 440 300 290 280 22 2t -
B0 0 27
C (-) 20 27
A - -
BR RT 27
E350 490 350 330 320 22 2t -
B0 0 27
C (-) 20 27
A - -
BR RT 25
E410 540 410 390 380 20 2t -
B0 0 25
C (-) 20 25
A - -
E450 570 450 430 420 20 2.5t -
BR RT 20
A - -
E550 650 550 530 520 12 3t -
BR RT 20
A - -
E600 730 600 580 570 12 3.5t -
BR RT 15
A - -
E650 780 650 630 620 12 4t -
BR RT 15

NOTES
1. In case product thickness / diameter more than 100 mm, lower
minimum limit of tensile strength may be mutually agreed to
between the purchaser and the manufacturer / supplier.
2. Bend test not required for thickness > 25 mm for grades E300 to
E650, ‘t’ is the thickness of test piece.
3. For sub-quality BR, impact test is optional; if required at room
temperature (25 ± 2⁰C).
* 1MPa = 1N/mm² = 1MN/m² = 0.102 kgf/mm² = 144.4 psi.
8. Miscellaneous
i) Falsework IRC: 87 - 2011 Design, fabrication, and erection of falsework, IRC: 87 "Guidelines for
the Design and Erection of Falsework for Road Bridges" shall be
followed.
 The formwork should be robust and strong and the joints should
be leak proof
 Form release agents of approved quality shall be used
 Ensure that at the time of striking, the concrete does not get
disturbed and the forms are conveniently removed
ii) Metal arc welding for IS : 816-1969
fabrication of steel structures Code of Practice for Electrodes shall conform to IS :814 - 2004
1. Metal arc welding use of Metal Arc
 Fillet Weld Welding for General
Construction in Mild
 Butt Weld Steel (First Revision)
2. Submerged arc IS : 4353 -1995
welding Submerged Arc
Welding of Mild Steel
and Low Alloy Steels
Recommendations
(First Revision)

Handbook
ISIHB MMAW (1965)
ISI Handbook of
Manual Metal Arc
Welding for Welders
SAFETY REQUIREMENT IS :818- 1968
Code of Practice for
Safety and Health
Requirements in
Electric and Gas
Welding and Cutting
Operations (First
Revision)
INSPECTION AND TESTING IS : 822- 1970
Code of Procedure for
Inspection of Welds
IS : 812-1957
Glossary of Terms
Relating to Welding
and Cutting of Metals

Criteria For Material Testing

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Criteria For Material Testing

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Codal Reference and Acceptance Criteria of different construction material for different construction works

Department of Civil Engineering, Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology-RAJKOT Page 1

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Department of Civil Engineering, Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology-RAJKOT Page 4

Department of Civil Engineering, Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology-RAJKOT Page 5

Laying of WMM course over an existing thick bituminous layer should

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2. Tack Coat Do IRC: 16 (2008) Table 500-5 of 5th Revision.

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iv) Tensile strength ratio AASHTO T Table 500-11 of 5th Revision.

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17. Recycling of Bituminous Cl. 519 of 5th Revision

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N.B. In Indian context, IS codes should be followed for acceptance

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iii) Method for determination of IRC: SP: 100(2014) Appendix 3

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8. Recommended Practice for IRC:7 (2006)

9. Structural Evaluation of Rigid IRC: 117 (2015)

10. Design and construction of IRC: 118 (2015)

11. Design of continuously IRC: 101 (1988)

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Number and Disposition of Test

Subsurface Investigation for

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Method of different tests for Soils IS 2720

a) 33 Grade ordinary Portland

d) Rapid hardening Portland IS 8041 Used in cold weather concreting.

f) Portland Pozzolana Cement IS 1489

i) Sulphate resisting Portland IS 12330

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Determination of soundness IS 4031 (Part 3)

Determination of initial and final IS 4031 (Part 5)

Determination of compressive IS 4031 (Part 6)

ii) Coarse and Fine Aggregates

Specification for coarse and fine IS 383

iii) Concrete Reinforcement and

Mild steel and medium steel bars IS 432: Part 1

High strength deformed steel bars IS 1786

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Public Works Department, Govt. of West Bengal Page 26

Specified Mean of the Group of 4 Non-Overlapping Individual Test

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Assumed Standard Deviation

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III. BRIDGE WORKS

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c) Down hole/Cross hole

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