MODULE YEAR 6 GRAMMAR

ARTICLES : ‘ a ’ , ‘ an ’ and ‘ the’

a , an :

 Use a, an for one thing, person, animal, and place.

Eg. a computer, an artist , a goat , a school, an elephant, etc.

 Use an with words that begin with a vowel sound [ a , e , i, o , u ]

Eg. an artist , an eel , an ice cream , an orange , an umbrella

an old man , an expensive bag, an interesting story

 Use a with words that do not begin with a vowel sound.

Eg. a book , a fish , a duck , a hat , a mirror , a story,

a big elephant , a popular artist , a new umbrella

 Use a, an when we mention something for the first time.

Eg. Puan Aminah has a computer.
Raden saw an elephant at the zoo yesterday.

the :

 Use the when we mention the same thing again.

Eg. Puan Aminah has a computer. The computer is new.

 Use the for things that is only one of its kind.

Eg. The earth is round.
The sun rises from the east.

 Use the to talk about a particular person, animal or thing.

Eg. I was late because I missed the bus.

I have found the ring that you lost.

 Use the with superlative form of the adjective.

Eg. Daud is the tallest player in the team.
My brother is the most hardworking person in my family.

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Let’s Practise: Fill in the blanks with suitable articles

1. If you want to be ______ inventor you must be ______ creative person.
2. There was _____ thunderstorm last night and _____ roads were flooded.
3. Mariam saw _____small mouse. She screamed and _____ mouse ran away.
4. This is _____ interesting book. It is ______ most interesting book I have read.
5. My sister has _____ ambition. Her ambition is to be _____ astronaut.
6. Long ago, there was ______old woodcutter who had ______beautiful daughter.
7. _____owl is _____bird of prey. It hunts small mammals, insects, and other birds.
8. We climbed _______ mountain last month. _______ mountain is in East Malaysia.

PRONOUNS
Personal Pronouns

 I , you , he , she , we, they , and it are personal pronouns

 It is used to refer to animals and things.
 They are used as subjects of a sentence.
Eg. Arina is my cousin. She is a good pianist.

 me , you , him, her, us, them , and it are personal pronouns

 It is used to refer to animals and things.
 They are used as objects of a sentence.
Eg. Adam is my little brother. I love him.

Possessive Pronouns

 mine , yours, his , hers , ours , and theirs show possession.

 They are used at the end of a sentence.
Eg. Atila has a cat. The cat is hers.

Possessive Adjectives

 my , your , his , her , our, their , and its also show possession.
 They are used before a noun.
Eg. Ahmad has a hamster. It is his hamster.

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MODULE YEAR 6 GRAMMAR

Personal Pronouns Possessive Possessive Example

Subjects Objective Pronouns Adjectives

I me mine my

You you yours your I have a computer.

He him his his The computer belong to me.

She her hers her The computer is mine.

We us ours our It is my computer.

They them theirs their

It it - it

Let’s Practise Fill in the blanks with suitable pronouns

1. Please return this book to Rahim. It is ___________________.

2. Rahman’s father drives ______________ to school every morning.
3. Hafiz and __________ took __________ pets to see the veterinarian.
4. The boys took off ____________ shirts and jumped into the river.
5. Lee and I went to the cinema. _______________ saw a detective film.

ADJECTIVES : words that describe nouns.

They tell us the size, shape, colour, and other qualities of the noun.
Eg. That is a big car. ( size )
I made a square cake. ( shape )
Father wore a blue shirt. ( colour )

Adjectives of Comparison

Positive Adjective :
 No comparison is made
Eg. Encik Zikry has a big car.
 Compare two things that are of equal value.
Eg. Mr. Park’s car is as big as Encik Zikry’s car.

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Comparative Adjective:
 Compare two things that are not equal in value.
Eg. Mr. Raj’s car is bigger than Mr Park’s car.

Superlative Adjective:
 Compare more than two things that are not equal in value.
Eg. Mr. Lee’s car is the biggest.

Positive Comparative Superlative Positive Comparative Superlative

as………as ………than the………. as………as more.. ..than the most...

angry angrier angriest attractive attractive attractive

big anxious

black beautiful

brave comfortable

bright dangerous

busy enjoyable

clean expensive

clever famous

cool fascinating

dirty immense

dull important

fat nervous

fierce perfect

fresh bad

happy good

hungry little

lovely many

poor much

thin far

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ADVERBS : words that describe actions (verbs )

They tell us how something is done.

Eg. The girls danced gracefully.
The baby cried loudly because he was hungry.

We use more…than and most with adverbs of manner that end with -ly when comparing
how things are done.

Eg. The girl sang more sweetly than the boy.

Of all the pupils in the class, Aisyah did the work most carefully.

happily swiftly gracefully hungrily

beautifully accidentally humbly proudly

sadly aggressively smartly slowly

courageously patiently fearfully dearly

hard carelessly noisily gratefully

Let’s Practise Fill in the blanks with suitable adverbs

1. The poor woman loved her son _________________ even though he was very naughty.
2. The soldiers fought __________________ and won the battle.
3. Mrs Wang was afraid of the man because he spoke ______________ to her.
4. I saw the swans swimming __________________ around the lake.
5. Li Ming ________________ knocked into the girl and spilled her drink.
6. The police cadets marched __________________ in the parade on Sports Day.
7. Maher walked up the stage _______________ to receive his prize from the Headmaster.
8. The driver drove _________________, so he met with an accident.
9. The woman ________________ thanked the policeman for finding her lost handbag.
10. Sofia ___________________ opened the door of the old haunted house and went in to
look for her cat.
11. The beggar _____________________ told my mother how she lost all her money.
12. The water flowed _____________________ down the river.
13. The bride dressed ___________________ for the dinner.
14. The group of girls talked ____________________ in the school canteen.

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15. The old man walked down the road __________________ with his walking stick.
16. The servant bowed down _______________________ to show his respect to the king.
17. The Headmistress advised all the pupils to work ____________________ so that they
will be successful.
18. The children clapped __________________ to see the funny clown performed his tricks.
19. Bobby queued up and waited ___________________ to get the tickets for the concert.
20. Sam swallowed his food _________________ because he had not eaten for three days.

PREPOSITIONS : words that show location, direction and time.

Preposition of Location tell us where something / someone is.

Eg. on the box in the box next to the box
beside the box under the box behind the box
among the box between the box against the box
Other prepositions of location : opposite, below, between, below, in front of, near, at, by

Preposition of Direction tell us which way something / someone is going.

Eg. The horse is jumping over the fence.

The train is going through the tunnel.
The boy is swimming across the river.
Aida is walking along the road.
The bird is flying to the nest.
Other prepositions of direction : from, towards, around, up, down, into, out of

Prepositions of Time tell us when something happens.

Eg. The National Day is in December.

The scouts went camping on Saturday.
He goes for football practice at 5 o’clock.
I waited for an hour at the taxi stand.
Other prepositions of direction : before, after, during, until

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Let’s Practise Fill in the blanks with suitable preposition

1. Zahid’s house is ______________________ Ganesh’s house.

2. My mother waited for me _________________the canteen.
3. “Do not run _____________________ the road,” said the policeman.
4. Father said, “Don’t lean _______________ the wall. I’ve just painted it.”
5. The prisoner climbed ___________________ the wall and escaped.
6. The library is located ___________________ the museum and the town hall.
7. We waited ________________ one hour before we could get into the shopping centre.
8. The tiger jumped _________________ a hoop held by its trainer.
9. The aeroplane flew _________________ the rooftops of the house.
10. The hospital is __________________ the supermarket.
11. The monkey is sitting ________________ the roof of the car.
12. My brother keeps his box of toys __________________ the bed.

CONJUNCTIONS : words are used to join words, phrase, and sentences together.
The words and, but, or, so and because are conjunctions

 Use and to join ideas that are of the same kind.

Eg. The tomyam soup is spicy. The tomyam soup is sour.
The tomyam soup is spicy and sour.

 Use but to join ideas that are different.

Eg. Ayub is fat. His brother is thin.
Ayub is fat but his brother is thin.

 Use or when there is a choice.

Eg. Would you like an apple? Would you like an orange?
Would you like an apple or an apple?

 Use so to show the effect or result.

Eg. He was ill. He did not go to school.
He was ill so he did not go to school.

 Use because to give reason.

Eg. He did not go to school. He was ill.
He did not go to school because he was ill.

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Let’s Practise Underline the correct conjunction

1. You may do your homework in the classroom [ so, because, or ] in the library.
2. He was late for the meeting [ so, but, because ] his father’s car had a puncture.
3. Jalil likes to trim his plants [ but, so, and ] water them.
4. Mr Kim cannot walk properly [ because, so , and ] he is using a walking stick.
5. You can either park your car in the garage [ so, but, or ] by the roadside.
6. She was dressed and ready to go out [ so , but, or ] it is raining.
7. Nora enjoys cooking for her guests [ so , because , and ] showing them around the town.
8. I study very hard [ but, because , so ] I want to be the best pupil in the class.
9. It rained very heavily [ so, because, or ] the roads were flooded.
10. The boys pulled with all their strength [ so, but, because ] they lost the tug-of-war.
11. The plants have all died [ because , so , but ] it has not rained for months.
12. Would you like to drive [ and , so , or ] would you prefer Yunus to drive ?
13. My uncle was really hungry [ so , but , and ] he ate two bowls of noodles.
14. Melissa has a beautiful voice [ because , but , so ] she is too shy to sing in public .
15. The workers painted all the windows [ so, and , because ] polished the floor.
16. Mother baked a cake [ so, because , and ] some cookies this morning.
17. The footballers practised very hard [ because, and, but ] they lost the match.
18. My brother missed the bus [ so, but , or ] he walked to school.
19. Do you want chocolate [ and , or, so ] strawberry ice cream ?
20. I lost my football boots [ so, because , but ] I borrowed a pair from my cousin.

SUBJECT –VERB – AGREEMENT

A singular subject takes a singular verb.

Singular Subject Singular Verb

She is a good netball player.

He was a member of the Science Club.

It does not belong to his sister.

The little girl has a terrible pain in her stomach.

My uncle enjoys fishing during the weekends.

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A plural subject takes a plural verb.

Plural Subject Plural Verb

You ( all ) are good hockey players.

They were members of the band.

We do not like to go jungle trekking.

Turtles have flat and smooth shells.

The men take many pictures of the old castle.

*When the subject I we use : I am , I was , I do , I have , I eat

Let’s Practice Underline the correct verb

1. The florist ( put , puts ) the roses in a crystal vase.

2. Mary and her sister ( have, has ) freckles on their faces.
3. We ( likes, like ) to eat ice cream in the afternoon.
4. Malaysia ( has , have ) a tropical climate.
5. These leather bags ( is , are ) made in Australia.
6. There ( is , are ) an old tea cupboard in the room.
7. The climbers ( set , sets ) off for the summit of Gunung Ledang in the morning.
8. My uncle ( lives , live ) in Sandakan, Sabah.
9. The cat ( have , has ) given birth to a litter of kittens.
10. I ( is , am ) the football coach in Sekolah Kebangsaan Sungai Muda.
11. The skull ( protect , protects ) the brain.
12. Those men ( do, does ) not how to speak English.
13. Mr and Mrs Lim( has , have ) three sons and a daughter.
14. A lion ( have , has ) a thick mane.
15. Those butchers ( sell , sells ) mutton and beef at the Taman Indah market.
16. Chen Li ( loves , love ) her pet cat very much.
17. The headmaster ( park , parks ) his car under the tree every morning.
18. Muslims ( prays , pray ) five times a day.
19. Water ( freeze , freezes ) at 0 C.
20. Frogs ( leaps , leap ) with their two hind legs.

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MODALS :
The words can, may, might, could, should, ought to, must, shall, will.

We use can to
 Make a request Can you help me with this box?
 Express permission You can start your work now.
 Show ability Wahid can draw very well.

We use may to
 Make a request May I have some rice, please?

 Express permission You may go home now.

 Show possibility We may go to the zoo tomorrow.

We use might to
 Express permission I wonder if I might have little more tea.
 Show possibility She said she might not come to school
tomorrow.

We use could to
 Make a polite request
 Express permission
 Show ability
 Show possibility
Could you open the door?
Mother said we could eat the cake.
Pak Mat could climb a coconut tree ten
years ago.
I hear the doorbell. Will you open it?
It could be my friend.

We use would to
 Express a request or a wish I would like to follow you.
 Invite someone Would you like to go for a walk?

We use should to
 Give advice You should see Puan Khadijah today.
 To show it is necessary We should eat vegetables and drink a lot of
to do something water every day.

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We use ought to to
 Express obligation or duty You ought to keep your room clean.

We use must to
 Express stronger obligation You must not talk in the library.

We use shall or will to

 Express actions that will We shall go to Muar next weekend.
take place in the future He will wash his bicycle on Saturday.

Let’s Practise Underline the correct modal

1. Aimi is overweight. She ( can , should, might ) exercise more often.

2. I am late for school. I ( must , can , might ) leave now.
3. It is raining. ( Must , Will , May ) I borrow an umbrella, please?
4. Tomorrow is a holiday. ( Could , Would, Should ) you like to go for a picnic?
5. Father ( must , can , shall ) stop the car because the traffic lights are red.
6. Amsyar is a school runner. He ( may , can, might ) run very fast.
7. Reena has a toothache. She ( should , can, may ) see a dentist.
8. The examination is next week. We ( may, ought to , might ) study hard now.
9. Harun’s birthday is on Sunday. ( Shall, Must, Would ) we buy a present for him ?
10. I do not know how to do this sum. ( May, Could , Should ) you teach me how to do it ?
11. Harris was rude to his sister. He ( should , might , can ) apologise to her.
12. ( Ought to, Should , Could ) you give me ten eggs, a bottle of oil and a packet of flour ?
13. An elephant is a strong animal. It ( might , can , will ) carry heavy objects with its trunk.
14. The headmaster asked the prefects if they ( should , could , may ) help him.
15. In 1990, we ( must, would , could ) buy a burger for only one ringgit.
16. If we work hard, we ( may, can, will ) definitely succeed in future.
17. People ( must , might, ought to ) not smoke in hospitals and other public places.
18. ( Could , Would , Should ) you like dessert after your meal?
19. It is already eleven o’clock at night. We ( shall, should , would ) go to bed now.
20. We ( can , may , must ) take off our shoes when we enter a mosque.
21. Frogs and toads ( can, may , should ) live on land and in water.
22. ( Could , Must , Should ) you pass me the potato peeler , please ?
23. We ( can , should , would ) go to Kota Bahru by bus or by car.

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24. Yin Yin ( will, shall, can ) sing but she cannot dance.
25. My family ( can, must , will ) visit my grandparents in Malacca next week.
26. ( Could , Would , Should ) you like to teach my sister how to play chess ?
27. We do not have that book in our shop. You ( can, might , should ) want to try another
shop.
28. Dark clouds are forming in the sky. It ( ought to, may, would ) rain later.
29. Do you think Kamal’s father ( shall, can , will ) allow him to come with us to the park?
30. The boys ( should , could , must ) wear ties because there will be an assembly tomorrow
morning.

QUESTION TAGS
We use question tags
 To change statements into questions
Eg. He is the author of this book. [ Statement ]
He is the author of this book, isn’t he?
 When we want someone to agree with what we say

Use a positive statement with a negative question tag, when the expected answer is
“Yes”

Positive statement Negative Expected

Question Tag Answer

1. Kellie’s Castle is in Perak, isn’t it ? Yes, it is.

2. We are Malaysian, aren’t we ? Yes, we are.

3. Hang Tuah was a warrior, wasn’t he ? Yes, he was.

4. We were generous, weren’t we? Yes, we were.

5. He leads the country well, doesn’t he ? Yes, he does.

6. Tourists enjoy their stay in Malaysia, don’t they? Yes, they do

7. Ebadi won the Nobel Prize in 2003, didn’t he ? Yes, he did.

8. Susi has completed her project, hasn’t she ? Yes, she has.

9. You have paid for your meal, haven’t you? Yes, I have.

10. Your parents will help us, won’t they ? Yes, they will.

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11. Zakiah can take part in the parade, can’t she ? Yes, she can.

12. We should be loyal to Malaysia, shouldn’t we? Yes, we should.

Use a negative statement with a positive question tag when the expected answer is
“No”

Negative statement Positive Expected

Question Tag Answer

1. Imuda isn’t a cartoonist, is he ? No, he isn’t.

2. They aren’t going to Japan, are they ? No, they aren’t.

3. She wasn’t worried, was she? No, she wasn’t.

4. You weren’t the winner, were you ? No, I wasn’t.

5. Azlan doesn’t know the way there, does he ? No, he doesn’t.

6. You don’t have a compass, do you ? No, I don’t.

7. We didn’t see the accident, did we ? No, we didn’t.

8. The forest hasn’t been cleared, has it ? No, it hasn’t.

9. You haven’t washed the dishes, have you ? No, I haven’t.

10. The children won’t be sad, will they? No, they won’t

11. He can’t play any musical instrument, can he ? No, he can’t.

12. We shouldn’t pollute the environment, should we ? No, we shouldn’t.

Let’s Practise Complete the questions using suitable question tags and write the
expected answer

Questions Expected Answer

1. Malaysia is a beautiful country, _____________________?

2. These activities are challenging, ____________________?

3. Salleh can’t go camping with us, __________________?

4. You don’t like collecting coins, _____________________?

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5. Yasmin will be invited to the party, __________________?

6. We mustn’t be lazy, ________________________________?

7. You do play the violin, _____________________________?

8. Bats aren’t birds, ___________________________________?

9. The rain hasn’t stopped, ____________________________?

10. It was really hard work, _____________________________?

11. I am not late for the meeting, _______________________?

12. Ann won’t be going shopping with us, _______________?

13. The boys shouldn’t play in the rain, __________________?

14. We need to eat a balanced diet, __________________?

15. Your rabbit likes carrots, ____________________________?

16. We shouldn’t bring mobile phone to school, ___________?

17. David has forgotten to bring the matches, ____________?

18. Your friends are from Sabah, _________________________?

19. The National Monument isn’t in Melaka, ______________?

20. The pupils are given textbooks, ______________________?

POSITIVE / NEGATIVE QUESTIONS AND RESPONSES

When we ask about things we are not sure about, we use positive or negative questions.
The answer can be “Yes” or “No”

Positive Questions Negative Questions Positive Negative

Response Response
Is your father an engineer? Isn’t your father an engineer? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t
Are the children hungry? Aren’t the children hungry? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t
Was your mother pleased? Wasn’t your mother pleased? Yes, she was. No, she wasn’t
Were the instructions clear? Weren’t the instructions clear? Yes, they were. No, they weren’t.
Do we have any butter? Don’t we have any butter? Yes, we do. No, we don’t.
Did the scouts go camping? Didn’t the scouts go camping? Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.
Has the rain stopped? Hasn’t the rain stopped? Yes, it has. No, it hasn’t.

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Have you fed the cat? Haven’t you fed the cat? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
Will your cousin come with Won’t your cousin come with Yes, he will. No, he won’t.
us?
us?
Would you buy this book? Wouldn’t you buy this book? Yes, I would. No, I wouldn’t.
Should they go home now? Shouldn’t they go home now? Yes, they No, they
should. shouldn’t.
Can the girls swim? Can’t the girls swim? Yes, they can’t No, they can’t.
May I use your ruler? May I not use your ruler? Yes, you may. No, you may not.

Let’s Practise Complete the questions.

1. __________________ I borrow your storybook ? Yes, you may.

2. __________________ this the way to the park ? No, it isn’t.
3. __________________ you be attending the meeting ? No, I won’t.
4. _________________ we ask her to come with us ? Yes, we should.
5. _________________ you been to Pulau Redang ? No, I haven’t.
6. _________________ Amir speak English ? Yes, he does.
7. _________________ you lock the doors before going out ? Yes, I did.
8. ________________ your father repair the car ? No, he couldn’t.

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