PRISMA 2009 Flow Diagram

Identification

Records identified through Additional records identified

database searching through other sources
(n = 228 ) (n = 4 )

Records after duplicates removed

(n = 232 )
Screening

Records screened Records excluded

(n = 232 ) (n = 189 )

Full-text articles assessed Full-text articles excluded,

for eligibility with reasons
Eligibility

(n = 42 ) (n = 22 )

Studies included in
qualitative synthesis
(n = 20 )
Included

Studies included in
quantitative synthesis
(meta-analysis)
(n = 20 )

From: Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, The PRISMA Group (2009). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-
Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Med 6(7): e1000097. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed1000097

For more information, visit www.prisma-statement.org.