Laddomat® 21 Charging package

Part.No.
11 23 72 1 User and installation instructions

NOTE! Diagrams in this brochure only describe connection

principles. Each installation must be measured and carried
out according to the applicable regulations.

LM21_Manual_72-1_E.indd 8120103-E 060822

Manufacturer
Termoventiler AB
Sweden 1
www.termoventiler.se
The Laddomat 21 is designed to...
C o n n e c tio n to to p o f b o ile r
...allow the boiler to reach a high working temperature B a ll v a lv e
soon after firing. 1 1 /4 " IG
...to heat the cold tank water in the bottom of the boiler
so that the boiler does not rust away through corrosion. T h e rm o m e te r
…charge the tank with water at a high and even tempe-
rature and low flow, to ensure optimal separation in the In te g ra te d F ille r c a p
tank. th e r m a l v a lv e
…transfer the residual heat in the boiler to the tank after
the fire has gone out.

3 5 4
…in the event of a power cut stopping the pump, transfer In te g ra te d
p u m p
the heat in the boiler to the tank through self-circulation. W ilo T h e rm o m e te r
R S 2 5 – 6 /3

Operation
The Laddomat 21 functions fully automatically provided B a ll v a lv e
that pump start and stop is automated. See page 4. T h e rm o m e te r
1 1 /4 " IG

The settings described in this User manual are normally

made only once. C o n n e c tio n
to b o tto m
The Laddomat requires no special supervision or service. o f b o ile r C o n n e c tio n
to ta n k
B a ll v a lv e
1 1 /4 " IG
D ir tp o c k e t
A u to m a tic v a lv e E a s y to c le a n
fo r s e lf- c ir c u la tio n P re v e n ts o p e r a tin g
in e v e n t o f a p o w e r c u t in te r r u p tio n s
2 5 4

The main parts of a wood burning set-up

R o o m s e n s o r P lu n g e r
H o t w a te r E x p F lo w s e n s o r C o v e r
v e s s e l
C o ld w a te r B y -p a s s R a d ia to r
v a lv e
M ix e r v a lv e a u to m a tic T h e rm o s ta t
R a d ia to r p u m p S p r in g
S a fe ty v a lv e B y - p a s s v a lv e c a r tr id g e

F lu e
th e rm o s ta t E le c tr ic
h e a te r
D o m e s tic
w a te r
h e a te r

C h e c k v a lv e
w a s h e r
F illin g v a lv e

B o ile r
S to ra g e ta n k

C o v e r H o ld e r
L a d d o m a t 2 1 S p r in g

2
 Description of functions

Starting the boiler

To achieve a high level of efficiency and low emissions of unburned substances, it is
important that the boiler reaches working temperature quickly.
This is achieved by the circulation pump starting as firing starts. This prevents cold
water from the bottom of the tank cooling the boiler unnecessarily, through self-
circulation. The circulation pump can be started in three different ways, see page 4.
Firing has started in the illustration to the right. The pump has started. The thermostat
cartidge has not started to open yet.
The valve plate of the self-circulating valve is kept closed by the water pressure from the
Start up
circulation pump.

Operating phase
The boiler has reached operating temperature. The thermostat cartridge has opened and
mixes in cold water from the tank.
The mixed water entering the bottom of the boiler has a temperature of about 5–20°C
below the opening temperature of the thermostat cartridge. The higher the output of
the boiler and the higher the temperature of the water exiting the boiler, the more cold
water is mixed in from the bottom of the tank.
This is the same characteristic that allows Laddomat 21 to separate effectively = charging
to the tank under all different operating conditions in different boilers.

Final phase Operating phase

During the final phase of charging the by-pass port in Laddomat 21 is completely closed
to the top of the boiler. All water is routed to the tank which becomes fully charged.

Self circulation when the burner has stopped

If a flue thermostat or similar equipment is installed, it will stop the pump immediately
after the fire goes out.
The advantage of stopping the pump quickly after the fire goes out is that the cool
return water from the radiator circuit flows into the bottom of the boiler through self-
circulation. The stored heat in the boiler is then transferred to the top of the tank, and
the house then benefits from it.
Stopping the pump when heating ceases, either manually or automatically, is important
for one further reason. The hot water in the tank will otherwise be mixed with cold
radiator water down to the closing temperature of the thermostat cartridge. If the tank Final phase
is heated to 90°C and the thermostat cartridge closes at 75° the whole tank falls to this
temperature if the pump is not switched off .

Self circulation in event of a power cut

If a power cut occurs during firing, self-circulation starts automatically through the
easily opened check valve, on the condition that the water in the tank is colder than the
water in the boiler.
The self-circulation power is created by the weight difference between lighter hot water
and heavier cold water. If the tank is completely heated all the way to the bottom, self-
circulation will be limited, and the boiler could still hit boiling point.
This boiling can be stopped by feeding a small quantity of cold water directly into the
bottom of the boiler through the system filling tap.
In the event of a sustained power cut, the whole house can be heated through self-
circulation, if the pipe-runs and dimensions are suitable.
The firing should be matched to the output which can be transferred to the storage
tank through self-circulation. Self-circulation

3
 Installation
Dimensioning Starting and stopping the charging
Generous pipe dimensions and short lengths guarantee pump
operating reliability, even when the demand for heat is
high. This also allows effective self-circulation in the event It is important to start the pump as soon as the firing
of power cuts. starts to ensure that the boiler heats up rapidly.
Pipe dimensions at a maximum boiler to tank distance of Stopping the pump quickly when the fire has gone out
3 m. will make the hot water self-circulate from the top of the
boiler to the storage tank.
Boilers up to:
35 kW min. 28 cu pipe or R25 Some boilers have integrated thermostats to control the
50 kW min. 35 cu pipe or R32 pump. Check that this control system operates correctly
80 kW min. 42 cu pipe or R40 with the boiler.
The dimensions must be increased for longer pipes.
If there are special requirements for self-circulation, the NOTE Not included in delivery
pipes must be dimensioned accordingly.
F lu e th e r m o s ta t
Connection If fitte d , w a te r 0
®
th e rm o s ta t to 1
The Laddomat 21 must always be connected in the b e c o n n e c te d
upright position as shown in the diagrams. in p a r a lle l

S w itc h
Position Laddomat 21 close to the boiler and on the level of
the boilers bottom outlet, no higher than approximately 20
cm above the floor on which the boiler stands.
S to v e p ip e
Pipe-runs must be as short as possible and have the mini-
mum number of bends. Make sure that all air pockets are B o ile r B u lb
eliminated.
The diameter of the pipe from the top of the boiler to the P u m p
T-pipe and down to the Laddomat 21 must be as large Laddomat Flue thermostat
as possible. This gives low water-velocity, and allows air Part.no.131001
released in the boiler to separate out in the expansion
chamber or the vent.
The location of the filler serves two purposes. Firstly, in
filling the system, both the boiler and the tank are filled
through the bottom connections to facilitate the venting Setting the pump speed
of all air. Secondly, boiling can be prevented, by adding The speed control for the circulation pump must be in
cold water. Connect a union coupling between the filler position 3. Position 2 is only used for boilers that produce
tap and the outlet to make future servicing easier. less than 25 kW.
Position 1 must not be used because the lower starting
torque at this speed cannot guarantee a good start.
Bleeding
If higher or lower charging temperatures than the stan-
9 out of 10 operating interruptions are due to air in the dard thermostat cartridge can provide are required one
charging circuit preventing circulation. can easily change to a thermostat which opens at 63°, 72°,
For optimum operation, pipe-runs should be arranged so 78°, 83° or 87°C.
as to allow all air to escape from the system.
High points in the pipe-runs should be avoided, but, if
this is not possible, they should be fitted with vents of the
air gauge type. NOTE! Not automatic air vents.
There are substantial variations in the ability of different
waters to hold air. This air is released in the boiler when
the water is heated. Think of the amount of air bubbles
which occur when heating water in a saucepan.

4
Service
Before carrying out any servicing work, close the three
shut-offs by setting the screwdriver slot on the valves at
right angles to the direction of the pipe. This makes it
easy to access the pump, thermal valve and check valve for
service.
Thermostat cartridge
The thermostat cartridge is available as a spare part, and
may need to be replaced if it is regularly exposed to
temperatures close to, or above, boiling point.
The number is engraved on the cartridge.

If operating interruptions still occur, even though the sys- No. Opening temperature
tem has been bled, there may be dirt such as lint, tape or 5839 63°C
thread swarf stuck in the coupling. Disassemble and clean.
Clean all sealing surfaces when reassembling: 8719 72°C
1. The thermal valve 1456 78°C
2. The self-circulation valve 1467 83°C
3. The pump impeller 8222 87°C
In some installations, there are problems with extremely
high levels of contaminants. These can form deposits Technical data
inside the pump, which may result in stoppages.
Pump: Wilo RS25-6-3
Stoppages can be avoided if the pump is disassembled and
the rotor and pump housing are cleaned in accordance Connections: R32 (3 pcs)
with the manufacturer’s instructions. Opening temperature: 63, 72, 78, 83 or 87°C
Kv value: 14
Expansion vessel Boiler output: max 80 kW
If stoppages due to air continue to occur, despite the fact
that the system has been installed in accordance with the
instructions provided, check that:
The expansion vessel is sufficiently large, at least 5 % of
the total volume when the tank is open. Operating pres-
sure must always be at least 2 metre water column = 0.2
bar more than the height difference from the pressure
gauge to the upper edge of the highest radiator.
If a pressure vessel is installed, this must be at least
10–20% of the total volume. Each installation must be
specially dimensioned in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions.
Check that the operating pressure, where the installation
is cold, is never lower than the height difference between
the pressure gauge and the highest radiator + 2 meter
water column (mwc).
Example: Height from centre of pressure gauge to upper
edge of highest radiator = 3 m.
Lowest operating pressure = 3 + 2 mwc = 5 mwc = 0.5 bar

Radiator system
To make the maximum use of the storage tank, it is very
important that the radiator system is fitted with: C o v e r
S p r in g P lu n g e r
1. Automatic by-pass control
2. Thermostatic valves with integrated pressure reduc- T h e rm o s ta t
tion devices, which are set to suit the radiator size.
Both measures are intended to reduce the flow and so
reduce the return temperature. Without raising the
delivery temperature. The lower the return
temperature, the longer the heat in the tank lasts. O - r in g

O - r in g

5
Connecting to a tank R o o m s e n s o r
H o t w a te r E x p F lo w s e n s o r
1. The pipe-runs shown on the diagram are optimised to v e s s e l
reduce air-related operating interruptions to a C o ld w a te r B y -p a s s R a d ia to r
v a lv e
minimum. M ix e r v a lv e a u to m a tic
R a d ia to r p u m p
2. The hot water pipe to the by-pass valve can be S a fe ty v a lv e B y - p a s s v a lv e
connected in two ways. F lu e
th e rm o s ta t E le c tr ic
h e a te r
a) Approx 30 cm from the top of the tank to prioritise D o m e s tic
domestic hot water. w a te r
h e a te r
T h e L a d d o m a t 2 1
b) On the charge line con- c a n e a s ily b e
nection to the tank to prio-

F illin g v a lv e
r e v e r s e d fo r r ig h t-

ritise heating. The connec-
tion is directed downwards
to prevent air rising to the
radiators.
L A D D O M A T 2 1
h a n d m o u n tin g . B o ile r
J u s t m o v e th e S to ra g e ta n k
th e rm o m e te rs to
th e o th e r s id e .
L a d d o m a t 2 1

Connecting 2 – 3 tanks
The tanks must be located up against each other, and as
close as possible to the boiler. The pipe-runs from the
bottom of the tanks are always laid close to the floor. T a n k The pipe to the
bottom of the tank
It is important that the flow to the tanks during charging must not be routed
and discharging is distributed equally. If the system is through the roof.
connected wrongly, then charging will be cut off when B o ile r
tank number 1 is full of hot water which will reach the L A D D O M A T 2 1

boiler before the other tanks are completely filled. Tanks 2

and 3 will be virtually unused.
If the system is connected wrongly the warm water and
the heat will run out earlier than estimated after the
burner has stopped, since tank 1 will cool down more
quickly than the others. NOTE If the radiator
is connected in
If these requirements cannot be met, there are other this way there
connection options. is a large risk of
heat retention in
the boiler and/or
Equal pipe lengths reduced heat to the
To achieve equal resistance, it is essential to use approx- radiator circuit.
imately the same pipe-lengths to the tanks, this is achieved
by:
1. Connecting the charging circuit diagonally, A–A
2. Connecting the radiator circuit diagonally, B–B.
In addition, the dimension of the pipes between the A lte r n a tiv e
tanks must be large enough to facilitate self-circula- lo c a tio n fo r H o t C o ld E x p
e x p a n s io n
tion between the tanks. Alternatively, locate the hot v e s s e l
w a te r w a te r v e s s e l
water heater in the centre. It is an advantage if the M ix in g
tanks are connected together in the centre, to further v a lv e R a d ia to r
distribute the heat. B 1

Connecting the by-pass valve T - p ip e 1 ¼ " o r

la r g e r fo r b e s t A
v e n tin g fu n c tio n
The hot water port is connected at B, which prioriti-
ses hot water, or at B1, which prioritises heating. S a fe ty
v a lv e
B
T a n k 1 T a n k 2 T a n k 3

Electrical immersion heater ope-

F ille r v a lv e

ration
When operating solely on the electrical immersion B o ile r E le c tr ic a l im m e r s io n
heater, it is an advantage only to heat the first tank to h e a te r

prevent heat loss. Shut off the other tanks using the
valves at the bottom of each tank. L a d d o m a t 2 1 A B

6
 Connection suggestions

L e v e l
p ip e
S a fe ty lin e , m in D 2 5

R a d ia to r

E x p a n s io n
p ip e ,
D N 2 2 c m

T a n k

C o ld w a te r
fills th e
e x p a n s io n
v e s s e l d u r in g
B o ile r
fir in g = le s s
h e a t lo s s
L A D D O M A T 2 1

L a d d o m a t 2 1

Bottom connection of the expansion vessel gives reduced heat losses

NOTE See information on page 5 about the expansion vessel

C o n n e c tin g a p r e s s u r is e d e x p a n s io n v e s s e l A lte r n a tiv e in s ta lla tio n w ith o p e n e x p a n s io n v e s s e l

A u to m a tic
v e n t R a d ia to r
W h e n c o n n e c tin g R a d ia to r
th e e x p a n s io n v e s s e l,
a lw a y s c o n n e c t a
p re s s u re g a u g e

T a n k C o ld w a te r fills
th e e x p a n s io n
v e s s e l d u r in g S to ra g e ta n k
fir in g = le s s
h e a t lo s s

B o ile r B o ile r
L A D D O M A T 2 1
L A D D O M A T 2 1

S h u t o ff/d r a in in g fo r
s im p lifie d c h e c k s o f L a d d o m a t 2 1
L a d d o m a t 2 1 p re -p re s s u re

7
Instructions for replacing the
thermostat in the Laddomat 21
Check that the pump is switched off.
Close the three shut-offs.
Unscrew the cover above the pump
Remove the cover with the spring, plunger and thermostat
from the Laddomat 21.
The thermostat is held in place on the plunger by an O-
ring. C o v e r

Press the thermostat gently out of the plunger. S p r in g P lu n g e r

Push the new thermostat into the plunger. T h e rm o s ta t

Reinstall the cover with the spring, plunger and thermo-
stat. Open the shut-off valves.
Wait a few minutes before starting the pump to allow any
air to rise and escape from the system. O - r in g
The installation is now ready for use.

O - r in g

In the event of operating problems.
Whenever wood firing for the storage tank, it is very im-
portant that the boiler burns without interruption, from
starting until the wood fire has gone out. All stoppages
in the firing process that cause the combustion fan or the
damper to be shut by the overheat thermostat catastrophi-
cally reduce efficiency. If this continues over time, tar
builds up in the boiler and chimney and there is a severe
risk of a chimney fire.
The most common reason for operational stoppages when
starting up new installations is air, which prevents circula-
tion at high temperatures.
In all new installations, there are varying amounts of air
trapped in the fresh water. This air is released as the water
is heated. The warmer the water, the more air is released.
The released air collects in large bubbles, which can pre-
vent circulation if they reach the pump.
At lower temperatures, the air is released more slowly, and
it can rise up and be vented away through the expansion
vessel or via a vent.
Operational stoppage because of air
A.
Uncontrolled operational stoppages at start up can be
avoided if the boiler is lit without the thermostat insert
being installed in Laddomat 21, at the same time as the
upper ball valve in Laddomat 21 is completely closed.
During the entire firing phase, the full flow of water from
the tank will cool the boiler. Firing must continue until
the tank is heated as high as the safety devices permit,
90-95°C. On installations with a lot of air in the water,
repeated firings for up to a week may be required.
B.
Installations that have functioned without a problem for
some time can also experience operational stoppages due
to aeration of the water.
The most common causes of aeration are:
1. The filler tap for the heating system is continuously
leaking small amounts of fresh water. Because the
large water volume reduces in volume when it cools,
any leakage of excess water is not noticed until the
tank is fully heated.
2. The expansion vessel is too small.
3. Incorrect pre-pressure in the pressure expansion ves-
sel.
4. The radiator pump that is located on the return line
causes air to be drawn in through the gasket boxes
of the radiator valves due to the vacuum, which the
pump creates when the radiator thermostats close on
sunny spring days.
5. Air diffusion through underfloor heating pipes.
If, when firing, a rushing/murmuring noise is heard in
the Laddomat pump – there are air problems in the in-
stallation. Venting is most easily carried out by allowing
the pump to remain unaffected for 1-2 minutes. Any air
will then rise and be evacuated through the expansion
pipe or vent. If that does not help, try as in point A. If
the problems return, check according to points B 1-5.
C.
If the remedial action given above does not help, the
thermostat cartridge may be faulty and require chang-
ing.
A thermostat cartridge with lower opening temperature
can be installed. The lower operating temperature means
that not as much air is released when firing the boiler.