Assignment TWO of ENVE 101 (KLS)

1 Chapter Three
1. The relationship between growth rate constant and substrate concentration in mixed culture is given
by Monod Equation as given below.
S
µ = µm
Ks + S

Using MS Excel, make a plot of µ vs. S with the following data. µm = (Your Roll No.) day−1 , Ks = 50
mg/L.

2. The growth rate of bacteria follows first order reaction and is given by

dX
= µX
dt

On integration, this equation yields X = X0 exp(µt) where, X is the concentration of bacteria at

timet, X0 is the initial bacterial concentration and µ is the growth rate constant. Assuming a gen-
eration time (doubling time) of 30 min, the log growth phase condition and the initial concentration
to be 1 cell per mL, determine the concentration of bacteria after 12 hours.

3. Considering a generation time of 25 min, determine the total number of bacteria accumulated after
a period of 24 hours assuming the ideal log-growth conditions.

4. Bacteria have equivalent diameters of 2 x 10−6 m and density of approximately 1 kg/L. Under optimal
conditions, bacteria can divide every thirty minutes. Determine the mass of bacteria that would
accumulate in 72 hour under continuing optimal growth conditions. Can this occur ? Explain.

5. If the population of microorganisms is 3.0 x 105 at time t0 and 36 hours later it is 9.0 x 108 , calculate
the generation time and number of generations.

6. The relationship between growth rate constant and substrate concentration in mixed culture is given
by Monod Equation.
a) Define each parameter of the Monod equation and give their corresponding units of measure-
ment.
b) Determine the value of µ when S >> Ks , Ks >> S and S = Ks and explain the significance of
these conditions.

7. Using the Monod Equation, if Ks = 60 mg/L and µm = 5 day−1 , determine the values of µ when S is 5
mg/L , 60 mg/L and 5000 mg/L.

2 Chapter Four: Environmental Management Systems

1. Consider the paperboard box as a product (Refer to separate “Paperboard Box LCA.pdf” file as the
reference). Provide answers to the following questions related to its lifecycle assessment: (Write in
your own sentences and give your own ideas where possible):
a) Primary service
b) Secondary service
c) Alternative products

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 d) Obligatory properties
e) Positioning properties
f) Block diagram showing the life cycle of the paperboard box
g) Functional unit
h) Number of paperboard boxes required to fulfill one F.U.
i) Component list for the paperboard box (in tabular format)
j) End-of–the-life scenario for the paperboard box (in tabular format)
k) MECO matrix for the paperboard box
l) Interpret the results from the MECO matrix
m) Your recommendations based on the LCA of paperboard box

3 Chapter Five: Sustainability, Green Chemistry & Green Engineering

1. One way to measure the impact of a system on the environment is through the measurement of
carbon footprint. Write a one-page report on the carbon footprint of any one of the following ser-
vices/products (cite relevant references from books/internet, etc.):
a) Hydropower plant
b) Email
c) Laptop
d) Any choice of your own.

2. How does Google contribute to the sustainability using Green Engineering in the Gmail service (Ref-
erence: http://www.google.com/green/storyofsend/desktop/)? Explain it using the
Google’s achievements in:
a) Smart heat
b) Smart water use
c) Efficient room heating and air-flow
d) Energy efficiency
e) Reduction of carbon emission
f) Environmental impact
g) Efficient electricity
h) Efficient cooling
i) Utilization of “green” power
j) Use of renewable resources

3. What are the scopes of Green Chemistry, Green Engineering and Sustainablity?

4 Define:
1. Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

2. Edge of chaos

3. Spontaneous self-organisation

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 4. Air pollutants

5. Water pollutants

6. Noise pollution

7. Phases in Biomass curve

8. Coagulation

9. Types of settling

10. Disinfection

11. Adsorption

12. Refractory organics

13. Turbidity

14. Suspended solids

15. Biodegradable organics