Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MALNUTRITION OPINION
• We are, because of what we ate! • Mindset Change - Food for Local Development
• Even those in the city can grow their own food TRUST
• Fortification as a possible alternative to the malnutrition problem in Uganda • Declining Trust in our community – how do we build it?
• A quick Guide to Good Nutrition GREEN ECONOMY
• Green currency - is it possible? How would it work?
2 My Village Development Magazine - “Publishing Development Stories and Challenges from Across Uganda, Africa and the World.”
EDITORIAL We wish you good reading and Good health as we
close 2018 and enter into 2019. Let’s all promote Good
and diversified nutrition in the new year of 2019.
T
his is the 2nd special issue of My Village
Development Magazine. We continue to focus The editorial team of my Village Development
on Food. The last issue we tried to tell the Magazine wishes all our readers a Merry Christmas
story of how big the malnutrition challenge is and a Food Secure 2019.
in Western Uganda and Particularly Kabarole District
of Tooro region. Editorial Team
“Publishing Development Stories and Challenges from Across Uganda, Africa and the World.” - My Village Development Magazine 1
We are, because of what we ate! is still predominant in the households. It is also eaten
By Our Reporter in Fort-Portal with lots of vegetables as well. It has also been said
that, this region produces more science students in
There is a common belief in Tooro that Mwenge has in the country, a fact that could be attributed to the food
the recent past produced the most educated people in that they ate.
Tooro. That, there are more engineers and Professors
from Mwenge than other parts of Tooro have been able However today, because of poverty and reduced
to produce. However, this might be in the past than is household labor in Tooro, millet is less served to
the case today. Why? The answer lies in the food the children but rather refined maize flour which is not
people of Mwenge used to eat 5 decades ago. nutritious. This problem is further compounded by
the fact that many families no longer own cows and
Historical facts show that about 5 decades ago, therefore don’t have milk for the family. The solution
Mwenge produced a lot of millet and milk. Today in reversing the malnutrition trends in many homes in
Mwenge is instead producing a lot of maize and Tea. the region would be to make available millet or millet
The cows are no more. The people of Mwenge today porridge to children, own a cow or milking goat, and
no longer enjoy the millet and milk like their seniors did. a kitchen garden to provide the family with nutritious
One senior politician who was speaking at one of the vegetables. Added to the nutrients should be iodine
food discussion meetings in Fort-Portal told us that one which is easy to get from iodised salt. The absence
time she visited Katoosa primary school in Kyenjojo of Iodine is responsible for loss of IQ and mental
and while addressing pupils on the parade, she was retardation.
amazed that almost the children on the parade had
the same measure of height. She couldn’t believe her Otherwise, if the situation does not radically change,
eyes knowing that, people from Mwenge were known this region will not produce scientists and professors
to be tall but here were school children who showed no like Mwenge did 5 decades ago.
signs of growing tall. This is a clear illustration of what
the right or wrong food can do to the person’s life. It’s
obviously true that children in Mwenge today are fed
more on maize than their grandparents were fed. Their
grandparents ate millet and fed on milk. Today, these
two foods are nearly absent in many Mwenge and
Tooro region homes.
2 My Village Development Magazine - “Publishing Development Stories and Challenges from Across Uganda, Africa and the World.”
Chapatti, Rice and Chips are now replacing the Tooro tradition meal of Millet bread and vegetables. Photo by: BUSIINGE Christopher
Even those in the city can grow have to grow food of their own to supplement on the
their own food food that they are already buying. Due to lack of space
Contributed by: CECO-Uganda Food and in the developed countries, people are starting to grow
food on roof tops to supplement their food systems.
Nutrition Team
In Uganda we are very lucky that we still have some
spaces around us that can be utilized to grow foods
As the towns in Uganda continue growing, the
like vegetables. Some families, with sizeable space
demand for food will also increase. This will be so,
can also grow a few Matooke around them. These
because of the increasing number of the urban poor
urban gardens can easily benefit from household
and the growing urban population. The Good news is
garbage that is often difficult to dispose off. Within
that research shows most food from the rural areas
no time, a household will be enjoying good and fresh
finds itself in urban areas and the urban population
vegetables grown on verandas using plastic bags, car
has been found to be eating better than the farmers
tyres and old tree stamps. The interesting thing is that
in the rural areas. However, changes in climate and
technology for urban farming is equally growing and
productivity of land will most likely push up the prices
in a very small space an entire meal for the family can
for food and therefore making it unaffordable for both
be gotten without necessarily going to the market to
the well-to-do and the urban poor. The solution for this
buy food.
challenge lay in urban dwellers in Towns such as Fort-
Portal to adapt urban farming practices. This, the urban
No doubt that urban farming will eventually contribute
dwellers can do by utilizing the limited space that they
to a sustainable urban food system where the residents
can have a diversified meal without necessarily
spending a lot of money on it. In away, both the
wealthy and the urban poor should be in position to
eat diversified meals and be healthy to work and grow
their cities.
“Publishing Development Stories and Challenges from Across Uganda, Africa and the World.” - My Village Development Magazine 3
Fortification as a possible country is facing today. Currently, there is no policy or
alternative to the malnutrition law by government of Uganda on fortification except for
the 2005 guidelines on fortification. A commendable
problem in Uganda
step however taken by government is the introduction
of the Orange flesh potatoes- that has been fortified
Contributed by: CECO-Uganda Food and with Vitamin A. The potato is yet to be available in
Nutrition Team many of the Ugandan households despite more than
7 years of its promotion. No doubt Uganda needs a
Posho has increasingly become a staple food for law and policy framework on fortification just like it
many households in Uganda, although with less value has done with the bio- technology and Bio-safety bill.
added. Walking in the evening of a regular work day on Countries like South Africa have already taken a step
Magambo Street of Fort-Portal town, one will see many and put in place a national policy on fortification and
people shopping for maize flour. Such maize flour will have also increased their vigilance in the monitoring
be made into Posho or porridge that is often served the implementation the policy.
to children early morning before they go to school.
Maize has at a very fast rate replaced millet in many In South Africa, before food is put on the shelf, it must
households of Western Uganda. be checked for its nutritional values and certified. There
is a lot of vigilance by health inspectors to ensure that
Unfortunately most of the Posho eaten by Ugandans no foodstuffs with less nutrient value are sold to the
is grade 1 type (white in color), is overly refined and unsuspecting public. The Uganda government must
has less nutrient value. Food fortification is a relatively equally do the same in orde to curb the malnutrition
new idea in the Uganda food system but could go a challenge in the country.
long way in addressing the malnutrition challenges the
A milk shake made in South Africa taking advantage of the National fortification Policy. Such milk Shakes are starting to be produced in Uganda and are available
in Fort-Portal and are good for school going children. However, their price remains unfriendly for rural poor.
4 My Village Development Magazine - “Publishing Development Stories and Challenges from Across Uganda, Africa and the World.”
A quick Guide to Good Nutrition, Adapted from the FANTA Community
Mobilisation on Food and Nutrition security flip chart, 2015.
Contributed by: CECO-Uganda Comms Team
VARIETY OF FOODS FOR • People living with HIV need to pay special
HOUSEHOLD NUTRITION attention to their nutrition because eating a
• Household needs to eat a variety of foods variety of nutritious foods delays progression of
from both crop and animal sources on a regular HIV into AIDS while poor feeding quickens this
basis for satisfaction, energy, growth, and to process.
stay healthy. • Ensure the elderly don’t skip meals. They can
• Animal source foods may include chicken, also be supported to eat if necessary.
goat, beef, liver, eggs, milk, fish (including • Pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers
mukene and nkejje), edible insects, and edible need to eat at least an extra meal each day
rats. because of increased demand for food by their
• Crop-based foods may include staple foods bodies.
like millet bread, matooke, and sorghum;
starchy foods like potato, pumpkin, posho, FEEDING YOUNG CHILDREN
cassava, and rice; beans and lentils; vegetables
of various colours like carrots, nakati, dodo,
and pumpkin leaves; and fruits such as mango,
pawpaw, avocado, sweet banana, guava, and
pineapple.
• Some foods are produced by the household
while others can be accessed through the
market or community social support systems.
• In a household some people may need special
attention, including children, pregnant and
breastfeeding women, the sick, and the elderly.
• Ensure the sick don’t skip their meals because Before preparing food or feeding a child of any age,
their bodies have increased demand for food. first wash your hands with soap.
They can be supported to eat if necessary.
“Publishing Development Stories and Challenges from Across Uganda, Africa and the World.” - My Village Development Magazine 5
Infants birth to 6 months
• Starting from birth, it’s important for infants Infants 1 to 2 years
0–6 months of age to be fed on breast milk only • Continue breastfeeding
because it contains all that they need to grow • Children should eat 3 to 4 meals a day, plus
and develop, and protects them from illness any snacks
• Be sure to give the baby the first milk • Children this age can start feeding themselves
(colostrum)—it protects from illness with help and encouragement from adults
• Do not give anything else, even water—it can • They can gradually begin eating the same
make the baby sick foods as the family. It should be chopped small
• Expressed breast milk should be used if the or mashed as needed
mother is going to be away from the baby • Give them small amounts of many different
foods—foods liked eggs, vegetables, oils, milk,
Infants 6 to 8 months and fruit can be mixed into porridge or mashed
• Starting at 6 months, children should begin • Increase the amount and thickness over time
eating food in addition to breast milk
• They need 2 to 3 meals each day, and can be HOW TO TELL IF A CHILD IS
given 1 to 2 snacks as needed MALNOURISHED
• Start with porridges and mashed foods that
a baby can chew and increase the thickness
When should referral be considered? Sometimes
and amount of food over time. It should be thick
it is possible to tell that a child is malnourished. If a
enough to stay on a spoon and soft enough for
child has one or more of the following, they should be
a baby to chew
referred to the village health team.
• Increase the amount over time
• Change of colour of the skin and hair
• Feed the baby directly
• Pale, dark red or purple colour of gums
• Loss of appetite, diarrhoea, or frequent watery
Infants 9 months to 1 year stools
• Continue breastfeeding
• Shortness of breath while performing normal
• Children should eat 3 to 4 meals a day, plus
activity
any snacks
• Easily irritable and withdrawn
• Thicker porridges, mashed foods, and finger
•Weight loss, thin arms and legs, or swolllen
foods are good for this age group
abdomens
• Give them small amounts of many different
• Appearing too thin
foods—foods liked eggs, vegetables, oils, milk,
• Appears shorter than children of the same age
and fruit can be mixed into porridge or mashed
• Swelling of both feet, and/or arms, face, and
• Increase the amount and thickness over time
whole body.
6 My Village Development Magazine - “Publishing Development Stories and Challenges from Across Uganda, Africa and the World.”
Opinion Here, the model re-incarnated the spirit of cooperation,
diligence and self-help among community members.
Mindset Change - Food for Local The assumption under this mindset philosophy is
Development that, change starts in the mind of the individual and
accompanied with implementation of the thoughts and
plans by the individual of the change they want to see.
By: BUSIINGE Christopher
It also seems to ask the question of how prepared is the
My first encounter of the belief/philosophy that individual, what tools will they need to move forward?
mindset change will spur development was with How will they get the necessary tools and assistance?
government officials under the NAADS Programme. A How much resources will be needed? At what intervals
friend of mine, now working at the NAADS secretariat should these resources be available? Who will avail
believed that very little development can occur what kind of resources and at what time?
unless those being targeted change their mindset to
achieve development. How would this happen? She There is also the acknowledgement that there is a lot of
suggested a number of talks from mindset speakers input that needs to come from the individual than what
during farmers meetings and activities. I was not will come from the outside. So, it asks the question
wholly convinced that this would really change the of what shall I contribute to this development? Thus,
lives of the poor positively. I was later exposed and outside assistance is only supplementary and should
immersed with the philosophy under the UNDP/ be looked at as a partnership from government, and
Korean supported Inclusive and Sustainable New
the private sector.
Communities Project (ISNC) under the ministry of
Local government.
This kind of thinking is what transformed the Republic
The concept of Mindset change under the ISNC project of South Korea to be what it is today. In the 1970s,
seemed more structured than it is under the NAADS South Korea was hit by economic devastation that
project. It’s more of an adhoc activity under NAADS affected the country’s economy and left it with very
than it is under the ISNC project. Having participated little money to spend. It was incumbent upon the South
in the documentation of the ISNC project, one of the Korean leadership at the time to mobilize people to
recommendations we made was that, because of participate in rebuilding their country. Today, South
the impact the project was having on its intended Korea is one of the developed countries in the world
beneficiaries, it should become a norm for development and is currently providing development aid to Uganda.
programming across ministries and government The ISNC activities, paid particular attention to the
departments. However, this recommendation could aspect of the Mindset change. The project spent
have landed on deaf ears since government operations a reasonable amount of time-not less than a year,
have been projecterised and too short lived. Not much mobilizing the mind of the local population to
different from activities of NGOs. They all come up with appreciate the development challenge in their midst
very good interventions, but too short lived and are not and as individuals and groups work hard to develop
sustainable. Partly because leadership at the highest their homes and local communities.
level is too busy doing too many things and having
little time to inculcate a philosophy across the nation. One of the most striking and unforgettable change I
Despite those challenges, the ISNC mindset approach is experienced is where Women in Mundru Sub County of
something good and generally government and NGOs Maracha district decided to take the bull by the horns.
can learn something spread it across development They acknowledged the challenge of poor education
interventions in every corner of Uganda. Anchored on in the area and decided to work with the sub county
the Korean development model of Saemaul Udong leadership to build a technical school in the area.
and a Ugandan tradition of Bulungi Bwansi, mindset They agreed that, they will provide the bricks and the
change seems to have attained incremental results non-technical labor on site and the local government
among households in Kabarole/Bunyangabu, Luuka provides the land and some of the needed funding.
and Maracha district in West Nile. In Mundru parish The last time I visited the project, the building had
in Maracha, Buwologoma in Luuka and in Kyatwa and reached ring beam level and the women were seen
Kaina in Bunyangabu district, the model sparked off busy providing their labor at the construction site.
the intuition for participating households to succeed. Today, the building is completed and in use.
The story of Mundru however, started with a protracted
“Publishing Development Stories and Challenges from Across Uganda, Africa and the World.” - My Village Development Magazine 7
process for mindset change, and later into action in Maracha, one could see writings on the walls and
to build a technical school. What is unique though shops indicating a message of Mindset change. One
is that, in Mundru, the women moved faster than of the most prominent messages observed during my
the men in taking action. Given the current state of immersion was written on doors of a shop operated
development in the country, it is likely that in different by a youth stating “don’t eat to eat but eat to
communities, different groups of people might take up work”.
action depending on the local context they are in. What
was also noticeable in Mundru is that, the youth have
also taken up the message of mindset change more
seriously.
Walking around trading centers of Mundru Sub County
8 My Village Development Magazine - “Publishing Development Stories and Challenges from Across Uganda, Africa and the World.”
A woman from Mundru Women’s Group in Maracha District participating in the construction of the Community Technical Institute. This women’s group on their
own made more than 50,000 bricks for the construction of the Technical School.
Declining Trust in our community The declining trust is experienced in both the elite and
– how do we build it? the non elites. Unfortunately, this lack of trust is starting
to cost the communities negatively. In some villages,
it has fueled conflict and turned bloody. We look at
By: BUSIINGE Christopher
each one coming to our villages as an enemy and
someone looking for something for themselves. The
For the last 15 years, I have been working as a
likely end result is collateral damage and frustration for
development worker in the Greater Rwenzori region.
those who mean and work for the common good of
My earlier years of community work were exciting and
the community.
a lot smoother and communities responded well. May
be, the development messiahs then meant what they
It appears that today, the development messiahs are
came to do and they did it for the common good of
working more for themselves and investing little in
the community. Today it is different. It is a rough ride.
the communities they claim to be working for. These
There are more animosities than there were in early
development messiahs have also accumulated a lot of
2000s.
wealth compared to those they claim they are helping.
How do they accumulate the wealth? Most of the
Over time, I have increasingly witnessed a declining
wealth is accumulated by taking back what was meant
level of trust among community members of the
to be for the poor through kickbacks. The communities
so called development messiahs like NGOs and
have watched this happen for a long time and they are
Government projects. Why is it so? This is a question I
tired of the games.
have been pondering upon for a long time and looking
for answers. By and large, communities often fill they
Today, any development initiative started by an
are being used by the development messiahs to full fill
individual is questioned by the community. In the first
their own private/individual missions.
place, communities no longer believe that an individual
“Publishing Development Stories and Challenges from Across Uganda, Africa and the World.” - My Village Development Magazine 9
can volunteer themselves to solve a problem without the orphaned). Once the institution fails on their part
looking for something in return. I have recently been to protect their subjects/people and leave them to the
asked questions, what I expect to gain from projects “hyenas”, then the people cannot have trust in that
I have initiated. There is less belief that any project institution.
started is in favor of the community but the initiator.
The result is that there have been too many promising Thus, the key to building trust in the community will be
development interventions that communities are for the individuals, NGO institutions and Government
refusing to participate in for fear of being hoodwinked. to work for the common good of the people and less
Generally speaking, there have been too many for selfish gains. This will require rebranding and
unfulfilled promises by various actors, namely, political, creating new formations that emerge with pro-people
cultural, NGOs and Government; interventions.
10 My Village Development Magazine - “Publishing Development Stories and Challenges from Across Uganda, Africa and the World.”
those interested in buying the Green currency points Where will the initial Green Currency reserves come
earned by the individual. from? The answer is simple, from Green stocks
anywhere in the world. Green stocks can be evaluated
Green will be the new Gold. People all over the world based on the acreage of forests (high points), emissions
will have a rare chance to “dig” for the Green Gold of Green House Gases (low point), environmental
and earn themselves Green currency points. Digging sensitivity of a family/household, individual or country
for Green currency points means doing good for the in its aspiration for development (high points),
environment no matter the color of that individual or Green policies and how they are implemented (high/
institution in the world. The basic thing will be tree low points), practice and innovations of greener
planting and protection of the environment. Each one technologies etc (High/low points). An individual or
of us has the opportunity to be wealthy through the nation with more Green environmental stocks will be
“digging” and the accumulation of Green Currency awarded Green currency points based on a Green
Points. This will be so because it’s the noble and Currency Measurement unit that is globally accepted.
valuable thing to do by any one. The Green currency Measurement Unit will require
that nations participate in its development and later
Meeting basic needs will be dependent on how hard promulgated at the United Nations. This will no doubt
one worked to preserve the environment. Being poor be a protracted process requiring commitment from
will now be evaluated based on what an individual or member nations of the UN.
country did/owned to protect the environment. The
individual or country will no doubt have low Green The Green currency measurement unit will be the new
Currency points because they didn’t work had to protocol for the Green economy and countries are free
protect the environment. This situation is not permanent to sign or not to sign. Those who sign can start the
though. One can work for Green currency points and promotion and implementation of the Green currency.
a country could get a donation from Green wealthy However, the implementation doesn’t have to wait for
individuals and or Green wealthy Countries to improve the UN approval but based on the moral principle for
their Green economic status and thus jump out of the a greener world.
Green Poor status to a Green Wealthy status.
Even without waiting for a global system approval
Those who want to trade in Green currency will work for the Green currency, Green currency points can
and earn Green currency points from those who have be awarded by environmental bodies to individuals,
earned them already. Eventually, the world will be organisations and institutions that are doing good to
trading in Green currency. Green wealth can only be the environment. Those who award Green Currency
accumulated by those who have worked hard to take point must have earned them from their environmental
care of the environment. stocks, including intellectual stock.
“Publishing Development Stories and Challenges from Across Uganda, Africa and the World.” - My Village Development Magazine 11
12 My Village Development Magazine - “Publishing Development Stories and Challenges from Across Uganda, Africa and the World.”
CECO-Uganda is the publisher of My Village Development
Magazine a development Organisation based in Fort-Portal. Our
development interest is in the following areas; Conservation, Energy
and Renewables, Conflict Management, Poverty Alleviation, Forest
Resources, Climate Change, Waste Management and Pollution, Food
and Nutrition, Green skills development, Research and Education.
Please drop us an email if you have any stories that you would like to
share with us. You never know your story could be featured in the next
issues of My Village Development Magazine. Our subsequent issues
will continue to pay attention to Food and Nutrition and we welcome
your input in the form of articles.
We are particularly looking for articles with solutions to bring down the
malnutrition challenge in Western Uganda and other parts of Uganda.
“Publishing Development Stories and Challenges from Across Uganda, Africa and the World.” - My Village Development Magazine 13
For Comments about the Stories and Articles Published in this Magazine, Please Contact the Editor;
Email: ceco.dsuganda@gmail.com or myvillagedevt@gmail.com
Tel: +256 772-452 945/ 772-610928 or Visit Our Office: Rwengoma Hill, Fort-Portal.
Send us a letter to: P. O. Box 408, Fort-Portal, Uganda.