Digitized by the Internet Arcinive

in 2007 witii funding from

IVIicrosoft Corporation

Iittp://www.arcliive.org/details/dictionaryofliaus02robiuoft
 DICTIONARY
OF THE

HAUSA LANGUAGE

VOLUME II. ENGLISH-HAUSA

 BY THE SAME AUTHOR
A Dictionary of the Hausa Language. Vol. I.
Hausa-English. Crown 8vo. 3rd ed. 12s. net. Vol. II.
English-Hausa. Crown 8vo. 3rd ed. 10s. net. (Cambridge
University Press.)

Specimens of Hausa Literature. Small 4to. 10s.

Translation, Transliteration and Notes, without Facsimiles. 58.
(Cambridge University Press.)

Hausa Grammar, with exercises, readings and vocabulary.

4th ed. 6s. (Kcgan Paul, Triibner & Co.)

Magana Hausa. Hausa Stories and Fables collected by

J. F. ScHON, D.D., re-edited by C. H. Kobinson, D.D. 2s. 6d.
(S.P.C.K.)

The Interpretation of the Character of Christ to

non-Christian Races: an apology for Christian Missions.
Seventh thousand. 2s. 6d. In paper covers. Is. (Longmans.)

The Missionary prospect, including a survey of

Christian Missions in the past. 5s. net. (Partridge.)
 DICTIONARY
OF THE

HAUSA LANGUAGE

by

CHARLES HENRY ROBINSON D.D.

SOMETIME LECTURER IN HAUSA IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
HONORARY CANON OF RIPON

VOLUME II

ENGLISH-HAUSA

THIRD EDITION

Cambridge
at the University Press

1914
PK-

1913
39235
r a. § 77^
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
C. F. CLAY, Manager
ilOtttlon; FETTER LANE, E.G.
etriniurfit) : lOO PRINCES STREET

aSttUn: A. ASHER AND CO.

ILeipjte: F. A.BROCKHAUS
(Qeto gork: G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
©ombap ant) MACMILLAN AND CO., Ltd.
Calcutta:
STorontti: J. M. DENT AND SONS, Ltd.

3rofeao: THE MARUZEN-KABUSHIKI-KAISHA

First Edition 1900

Second Edition 1907
Third Edition 1914

All rights reserved

 PEEFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION
TN preparing this third edition of the English-Hausa
Dictionary for the press I desire to express my gratitude
for much valuable assistance received from Major Frank
Edgar, author of three volumes of Hausa stories {tatsuniyoyi),
Mr W. J. Gowers, the Resident at Kano, Captain Roland
Fletcher, author of Hausa Folklore, Dr Walter Miller, of the
C.xM.S. Mission, Zaria, the chief translator of the
N.T. into
Hausa, Dr J. M. Dalziel and others who have supplied
corrections and additions to the former edition. To Major
Edgar I am specially indebted for many suggestions in regard
to the transliteration of Hausa words, and to Dr Dalziel I
am indebted for much help in compiling lists of plants and
animals.

The system of transliterating Hausa which has

been
adopted in this volume and in the fourth edition
of the
Hausa Grammar recently published, differs in several respects
from that followed in Vol. I. The changes have been made
in order to render the system of transliteration uniform with
that which has recently been adopted by the
English Govern-
ment authorities in Nigeria. It is impossible by any system
of transliteration to represent the exact sounds of many
Hausa words. Thus we might almost equally well write
yanka or yenka to cut,' kwai or kwoi egg,' hanya or
' '
hainya
' road,' hakiuai or hokkoi '
seven.' In each case the sound to
VI PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION

be represented lies between the sounds suggested by the

alternative forms. The Hausa script affords no help
in deciding between e and a in a word such as yanha
*
to cut,' as the script contains no symbol for a short e. In
order to bring the system adopted in this dictionary into line
with that of the books issued by the Government of Nigeria
I have adopted the former alternative in each of these cases
which are typical of many others.

Several changes have also been made in respect of the

divisions between nouns or pronouns and prepositions.

Prepositions will be found written as separate words except
in cases where the words to which they are attached cannot
be used as independent words apart from the prepositions.
Thus we have ma shi or masa '
to him.' The possessive
pronouns are joined to the nouns to which they belong. In
some cases, e.g. wurinsa *
in his place,' where the pronoun is

really possessive the noun although used as a preposition

cannot be separated from the pronoun : the same rule would

apply to a use such as ina hinsa '
I follow him.' In a few
cases a preposition followed by a noun has become so closely

united that it would be pedantic to separate them, e.g.

dayawa, cf. English '

forasmuch,' '
overmuch ' etc.

There are many instances in which it is impossible to

say whether a double consonant should be used for purposes
of transliteration. In the former edition of this dictionary
in such doubtful cases the second consonant was placed in a
bracket, e.g. dag{g)a '
from.' As this method of trans-
literation is clumsy and is otherwise unsatisfactory the use
of brackets has been abandoned. In a considerable number
 PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION vii

of cases a word may be written either with a single or a

double consonant. Thus we ma}^ write ddga or dagga, tdfi
or taffi
*
to go/ hisa or hissa '
top. The general rule is that
wherever a consonant is doubled both consonants should be
pronounced: thus amma *but/ should to pronounced am-ma.
In accordance with the use adopted by the majority of
Hausa students I have avoided the use of chch, shsh and
tsts, as, although in a word such as chikache '
full/ the sound
chikachche may be heard when the word is pronounced with
unusual deliberation, the double ch is not heard when the
word is used in ordinary rapid conversation.
As this dictionary is intended for the use of those who
desire to speak the ordinary colloquial Hausa, I have
omitted rare words and rare plurals or other formations.

CHARLES H. ROBINSON.
June, 1914.
 ABBREVIATIONS
ans. = answer. neut. = neuter.
art. article. obj. objective.

coll. collective. part. participle.

comp. compavati^e. pass. passive.

concr. concrete. pers. person.
conn. connective. phys. physically.
dem. demonstrative. possess. possessive.
diff. different. pregn. in a pregnant sense.
expr. expression, also = ex- prep. preposition.
pressed. pr, n. proper noun.
feni. feminine. pron. pronoun.
fig. figuratively. rel. relative.
foil. following. rep. repeated.
fut. future. sep. separate.
gent. gentilic. spec. specially, also = special
id. the same. special term or terms
impers. impersonal. suff. suffixed.
instr. instrumental. techn. technical.
inter j. interjection. tr. transitive.
interrog. interrogative. trop. tropically.
intr. intransitive. V. verb, also = see.
loc. of place. vv. verbs.
neg. negative.

The letters (K.), (S.) or (Z.) placed after a Hausa word denote that the
word is specially used in the districts of Kano, Sokoto or Zaria.
 ENGLISH-HAUSA DICTIONAEY
When more than one Hausa equivalent is given it is not intended
to
suggest that the Hausa renderings are synonyms.
For the exact
meanings of the Hausa words the student is referred
to the Hausa-
English Dictionary.
Words to which * is attached are not in general use
amongst the Hausas,
and should not he employed without reference to the
Hausa-English
Dictionary.

a, 1. indef. art.; there is no abandon, tr. v. hari, har.

word generally used in Hausa abandoned, adj., see profli-
corresponding to the English
gate.
indefinite article, the simple
abase, tr. v. maida or yin ka-
noun sufficing, e.g. ha ni rami ; refl. with kai( = self),
goro give me a kola nut. e.g. he abases, or humbles,
2. as indef. pron. taking
himself ya maida kansa ka-
the place of an art., daya one
rami, or ya tankwasa kansa.
and wani, fem. wata, pi. wan-
abash, tr. v. sa, ha or hada
su, wasu orwadansu are some-
kumya ; I feel abashed na ji
times used, wani gari ke
e.g.
kumya (or kunya).
nan there was a city, akwai
abate, tr. v. raga, rage, ragi
wata TYiache sunanta Amina
intr. ragu, ragi.
there was a (certain) woman
abatement, n. (decrease) rage-
named Amina.
wa, raguwa-, = amount de-
3. a-, found as a prep, pre-
ducted from price of anything
fix with Engl, words, as a-
rangwame, grant me an a.
shore a, da, e.g. afoot a kafa, ka yi ma ni rangwame.
alive da rai.
abattoir, n. wurinfawa.
aback, 1. adv., see back. abdicate, intr. v. (used of a
2. fig. e.g. Iwas taken king) kawuy maida rawani.
aback (i.e. I was staggered abdomen, n. chiki; jiki, pi.
or surprised) at this wannan jikuna body) is some-
(lit.
ya ha ni mamaki. times employed in this sense.
R. H. D.
1
abhor abruptly

abhor, see hate. aborigines, n. habe.

abide, intr. v. (dwell) zamna ;
abortion, ashara, to produce
see abode. a. bata chiki, yasda diya.
ability, n. 1. (power) iyawa, abortive, adj. babu anfani,
do what one
iko, a. to likes banza.
samun dama. abound, intr. v. faye, kdru,
(mental power, under-
2. yin girma; see abundance,
standing) cf hankali, dubara,
. abundant,
dabara, dibara, lura^ wayo. about, adv. and prep. 1. (a.
abject, adj., see despised. so much, nearly) ko, kwatam-
able, to be, v. iya, i ma, isa, ckin (kwatanchin, kdza).
e.g. I am a. work to do this 2. (around) kewaye ; a.

ina iya yin aikin nan, you him kewayensa.

can do this ku isa yin wan- about, to be, v. za followed by
nan, or ku isa ku yi wannan the personal pronouns, e.g. T

to be unable or not able is am a. to start za ni tashi

expr. by gaza, or the neg. of yin kUsa, kusata, e.g. su kv^-

the above, e.g. we are unable sata in yi haka cf makdda.
; .

to liftba inu isa mu

this above, adv. and prep, bisa,
dauka wannan ba, I cannot a bisa, ddga bisa, birbishe (S. ),
na gaza or yafaskare ni (lit. darap ; as prep, bisa ga, and,
it surpasses me). when followed by personal
able, (clever) gwani. pronouns, gare, e.g. bisa ga
ablutions, ceremonial, n. al- tudu but bisa gare shi cf ;

waUa, arwalla ; a. made with biz-biz.

sand taimama ; to make a. abreast, adv. ajere, ajera, gaba

shafe, shafo. daya, dahara, daura.
abode, n. mazamni, gida. abroad, adv. a waje, dag a
abolish, tr. v., see take away, waje; (at a distance) daga
destroy. nesa.
abominable, adj. mugu, fem. abrogate, tr. v. kauda, kawas
mugunya, pi. miyagu, or da to a. a law gushe.
;

mugaye. abrupt, adj. (precipitous) da

abominate, tr. v., see hate. gangara.
abomination, n. abin mugu, abruptly, adv. (suddenly) da
abin kazamta, abin haram. sauri, da samri.
 abscess
accompany
abscess, n. kurji, kureji, kirchi, a. behind one's back) yin
(jurje, pi. kuraje,
maruru, habaichi^ chim baya.
(jyamho, pi. gyamhmia, han- 2. (to make ill use of)
tukuriya {K.\ jmnbade. turn by yin with abin
wqfi^
absence, in his hay ansa. etc.
absent, see under present, acacia, bagaruwa, gabaruwa,
absorb, tr. v. sha, shanya; dakwara, dushe, fara kaya,
(used of cloth, etc.) tsotsa; to farchin shafo, gaba chara,
be absorbed in thought or gardayi, gawo, pi. gawake,
business (so as to forget all
kwarkwara, karkara, kak-
else) yin shagalchi, e.g. I kara, kwandariya.
was so absorbed that I for- accede to, v. 1. yarda, e.g.
got thisna yi shagalchi har abin 7ian da ya fada ma ka
na manta wannan. mun yarda = wQ a. to the
abstain from, tr. v. daina, terms he mentioned to you
;
dena ; bari, bar. amsa.
abstract, tr. v. debe, Jltasda 2. (as heir) gdda.
(to purloin) sache, sata, yin 3. the throne) cAm
(to
sata.
sarauta, chi, yhi sariki.
absurd, adj. banza.
accelerate, to hamzarta, see
Abubekr, Abubakar, also
pr. n.
hasten,
contracted form Bube.
accent, he has an a. bakinshi
abundance, n. yaiva, yawan- \
yana da kwata.
chi, auki^,yahva,yayalwachi, accept, tr. V. karba, karbi,
kdri, malala, ru/ogo, walawa, samu; cf. also prec. I.
tululu, tilli, tnlli, rikumbu* acceptable, adj., it is a. to me,
(a. of food) zari, machiya, \
periphr. ya gamshe ni, da or
tinjim *
abifi da ya gamshe ni.
abundant, dayawa, ma-
adj. acceptance (receipt), amsa.
yaiva^ mai-yawa.
accident, n. kure, pi. kura-
abundantly, yalwache. kuri, sabdbi, tsautsayi
an a. ;
abuse, n. (i.e. abusive words) happened to him sababi ya
habaichi, pi. habaitai, kazaf,
same shi.
kazap, zambo.
acclamation, n. guda. See
abuse, tr. v. 1. (to revile) shout,
zage, zagi, birga, burg a ;
(to accompany, tr. v. raka, raki,
1—2
accompanying accustom

rake, yin rakiya, chi ma, accoutred, one who is a.

I will a. thee za ni tare mai-daurin jiki.

da kai. accoutrements, i.e. arms, etc.

accompanying, act of, n. kayan ddga, kayan yaki.

rakiya (S.), rako (K.). accrue, v. 1. (of gain) see
accomplish, v. iyas, iyas da, profit.
kare, chika, gama, yi. 2. (happen, en%ue) faru.
accomplished, particip., see accumulate, see gather.
finished, accurate, adj. and adv. na-
accord, to a. with yin haki kwarai, fern, ta-kwarai, dai-

daya, yin kdma da. dai, sosai ; to be a. yin

according as, adv. particle daidai.
kdma da, kctman da, kanda, accursed, adj., e.g. it is ac-
tamkan da, tamkar da, tam- cursed ya yi la!ana.
kad da, yadda. accusation, n. sara, ahin sara,
accordingly, see therefore, rada*, kdra ; false a. rinto,
accouchement, jego, kage.
account, n. 1. lisafi, lesafi, accuse, v. sare, sara, kai kdra
kidaya, kida, kididiga : to (lit. bring an accusation,
render an a. yin lisafi, yin constr. with ga), e.g. they
kidaya, to take a. of zdna. a. this man s^m kai kdra ga
2. fig. e.g. he held of no a. mutuTTien nan, kaga ma*.
ha ya kula or ha ya yi kula accuser, masu-
n. mai-sara, pi.
constr. with da or ga. sara, mai-kawon kdra, dan-
3. (narration) lahari, to kara, mai-kara.
give an a. hada, ha or gaya accustom, v. 1. to be accus-
lahari ; I will give you an a. tomed saha, e.g. I am accus-
of the war zan gaya ma ka tomed to this na saha da
laharin yaki. wannan, domestic animals
account, on a. of, prep, sd- are accustomed to men,
ha da, sdhad da, sdho da*, hisashen gida sun saha da
a Msa, don, domin, e.g. on mutane.
a, of this sdhad da wan- 2. (to be wont, used)
nan, on a. of what? where- employ the verbal form with
fore? don mi, dommi, or kan, e.g. he was accustomed
domi. to do thus shi kan yi haka.
 ache adhere

3. tr. I accustomed him act, n. aiki; phr. a bad a.

to this food na sa shi shi saba mugunta, mugun aiki; a
da ahinchi'ii nan. good or kind a. alheri.
ache, n. chiwo ; I have a head- act, to aikata, yi.
ache na ji (or 7ia yi) chiwon active, karsani^.
kai. actually, adv. hakika, da gas-
achieve, v. aikata, samo*, yi, kiya, ko ; the last is emphatic
see accomplish. (=even), e.g. this man a.
acid, adj. da tsami, da tsamiya, surpasses a lion in strength
da yami. m/uitumen nan ya Ji ko zaki
acidity, n. tsami, tsamiya, karijl.
yccmi. Adansonia digitata (the
acknowledge, see confess. baobab or monkey-bread
acquaint, tr. v. (i.e. tell, inform tree), kuka.
of) gaya,fadi, sanas da, sanan add, tr. V. kdra, jimilla.
da, sanar da, sanashe. adder, puff-a. kasa.
acquaintance, an, n. masani, addicted, to be a. to fay e, e.g.
pi. masana he is no a. of
; the boys are a. to (or fond
mine, I am
not acquainted of) play yara suna /aye yin
with him ha shi ne m^asanina wargi.
ban san shi ba. addition, in a. to bam da, ban
acquainted with, 1. see prec. da.
2. (versed in) ; see ac- address, to a. to, v. ambata,
custom 1. ambache.
acquiesce, v. yarda I ; a. in adduce, tr. v., e.g. to a.
this na yarda wannan. testimony kai (or kawo)
acquiescence, yarji. shaida.
acquit, v. (used of a judge) adept, n. gwani, pi, gwanaye ',

chechi, bada gaskiya ; to be he is an a. at... shi ne gwani

. acquitted barra, kubuta. na... ; also ya saba da...
acrid, see acid. adhere, to a. to, v. rike, daje,
acrobat, danfoto. like, lazum,che, lazumta^ na-
across, prep. 1. e.g. a. the na, nane, the last is used
sea ketaren (or daga ketaren) of things stuck together with
gidbi. gum etc. ; those who a. to
2. (beyond) bayan. the commandments of God
adhering 6 affair

masu-riken hakumtai na adulteress, n. onaziriachiya,

Allah. mazinanchiya, farka, falka,
adhering, n. nani. fasika.
adhesive, adj. mai-yauki. adultery, n. zina, kwartonchi,
adieu, interj. sai wata rana ;
zamba^.
a. for the present sai anjima, advance, intr. v. yin gdba, to
a. till to-morrow sai gohe, get in a. of chin gaba, riga,
adjoin, intr.v. kusata, kusanta, rigaya, rigayi, e.g. he outran
kusache, yin kusa. us ya riga mu.
adjure, v., I a. thee by God na advantage, n. anfani ; of no a.

gama ka da Allah. babu anfani,

administer, tr. v. (to give to, advantageous, adj. da anfani,
e.g. medicine) ha^ bada; to a. mai-anfani.
justice or law yin shari'a; to adversary, n. makiyi, pi. ma-
a. government, cf. mallaka, kiya, abokin-gaba, mai-kin-ji.
hakumta an administrator
;
advice, n. dahara, dubara,
of law and justice marahan dibara (S.), shawara, my a.

shari^a da gaskiya. is abin da na gani.

admit, tr. v. 1. I admitted him, advisable, adj. see advan-
periph. na bar shi shi shiga. tageous.
2. to a., e.g. error, guilt etc., advise, v. yin dabara.
see confess, advocate, n. (helper, defender)
admonish, see warn, mai-taimako.
adoption, n. yanchi. afar, adv. nesa, ddga nesa, e.g.
adoptive, a. -father uban rana. I saw him from a. na hange
adorn, tr. v. gyarta. shi ddga nesa.
adorned, adj. gyartache, fern. affair, n. abu, abin, pi. abubuwa,
gyartata, pi. gyartattu. shalani, shdgali, e.g. a sad a.

adornment, n. sha'awa, ado, mugun abu, abin mugu

the last used of trinkets, etc., avoid deceit and falsehood in
also of dress. your affairs a bar (or bari)
adulteration, algus, algusu, tsalumchi da kariya ga abu-
tsirariya, tsinariya, hdinchi. buwanka ; aVamari, e.g. a
adulterer, n. kwarto, fem. wonderful affair aVamaringa ;

kwa/rtuwa, mazinachi, mazi- the affairs (= the vicissitudes

nanchi, mai-zina. or changes) of this world
affect agent

aVamarin duniya] zamanchi, na sdbo, ddda, dai, de ; the v.

zamaii.e. condition of affairs), kara (add), e.g. I did not do

e.g. how are affairs with you so a. ban kara yin haka; a
in the city % ina zaman gari 1 and a. (i.e. repeatedly) mai-
ans. we have reason to be maiche ; go again ka sake
thankful for the condition of tafiya,
affairs zaman gari da godiya. against, prep, gaba ga, ga ; to
affect, to sdbe', the heat of stumble a. tuntube da ; a. his
the fire affected her wuta ta will (perforce) da tilas.

sahe ta. agate, a brooch of talhatina.

affection, see love. age, n. 1. (period or time) yayi,
affinity, (by marriage) sur- e.g. in the a. of the prophet
kunta. da yayin annabi.
affiict, tr. V. yin wahala. 2. (time that a person
afflicted, adj. (one who endures has lived) shekara or pi.

affliction and mai-wa-

toil) what is your a. %
shekaru, e.g.
hala, pi. masu-wahala, shekarunka nawa% or shekara
affliction, n. wahala, masiba, nawa kana da rai ? or shekara
matsuwa, see pain. nawa tun haijuwarka ? I am
affright, 1. n. tsoro. eighteen years of a. shekarata
2. tr. V. bada tsoro, tsorata. ishirin biyu babu.
afoot, adv. a kafa, da kafa. aged, adj. 1. (of a certain age),
afraid, adj. I am a, na tun- see prec. 2.

zera, or na firgita ; he made 2. (advanced in years)

him a. ya ba shi tsoro ; to tsofo, fem. tsofuiva, pi. tsojffi,

be a. ji7i tsoro. tsofaffi, or tsojoffi ; he is a.

afresh, adv., see again. yayinsa ya tvuche, lit. his

after, 1. prep, bay a, bay an, time is past ; see old.
baya ga. agent, n. naiibi* ; nouns de-
2. adj. na-baya, fem. ta- noting the a. may be formed
baya. from verbs, substantives or
afternoon, n. la'asar, see under adjectives by prefixing mai
rana. or ma, e.g. gudu to run,
afterwards, adv. (after this) mai-gudu a fugitive, sassaka
bayan wannan, bayan haka. to smooth wood, masassaki
again, kuma, haryo, har yau, a carpenter ; for further
aggressor 8 alike

illustrations see under mai e.g. what ails you? mi

ail, v.,

and ma. ya same ka 1

aggressor, to be an harzuka. ailment, n., see sickness.
agitate, tr. v., see shake. aim, (point aimed at) bara',
ago, adv. tun, tun da, e.g. this to aim at, yin bara, barata,
was written twelve days a. barache, bartaka, nuna, nuno.
kwaua ska hiyu tun da wan- aimless, a. toil aikin hanza.
nan an ruhuta shi; long a. ainhum, n., i.e. a disease of the
da, lokachin da, tun dadewa, little toe, hamhudiga, mage-
da wuri, dauri, tuntuni. See duwa; cf. also kudumbiya
age 2. a disease which may affect

agree, v. gama, gamu, yardd, all the toes.

yarje, yin haki daya, sddu, air, n. iska, hiska ; shan iska is
jito, damre magana
jeto, the Hausa idiom for to take
. my friend and I a. exactly a walk, e.g. let us take a
da ni da abokina 7nu ne walk to enjoy the air mu yi
tangas; he agreed with you yawo garin shan iska.
ya yarda ma ka; agreed to air, v. kekashe, see to dry.
ajar, to put a door a. saya kofa.
agreeable, adj. 1. (pleasant) akimbo, put your arms a. chi

da dadi, dadi, daidai, dede. dununka da hannu.

2. (willing), e.g. if you alarm, to yin ruba, see
are a. in (or idan) ka yarda, frighten.
in ka (or kana) so. alarm, n. yagatu (K.).
agreement, n. sulhu, sulfu, alas, interj. kaito, (S.) kaicho,
sulha*, yardi, yarji ; a trade (K.) kaitaro, wai, wai niya,
a. sallama; to make an a., see tir, ashslia.

agree ; a. to work for a albino, n. zabiya.

certain sum sharadi. alien, n. bare*-, see also

ague, n., see fever. stranger.

ahead, adv. gaba. alienate, to a. a person kan-
aid, tr. v. taya, yin taimako, gara da.
tanya, tanyo, koro sauki. alight, intr. v. sabka, safka,
aid, n. taim,ako, taimakawa, sapka, sauka, soka, sabki,

sauki; (a helper) mai-tai- sapki, shida, shide, jida.

mako. alike, adj. daidai, suwa-suwa.
alive although

tangan/i, tmiyas, sakke (S.) ; i

alms, n. sadaka, zakka,kurdin
they are all a. duka daya ne, I
gurasa, kono* (K.), alms-
suparsu (or sifassu) daya, or j
giving, n. sadaka.
sun yi tangatn da juna. aloe, (Aloe zebrina) zabo.
alive, adj. da rai ; to keep a. alone,. adv. kadai, kawai, abin
ray a, e.g. may God preserve followed by a personal pro-
us a. Allah shi raya mu. noun, thus, he a. abinshi,
all, adj. duka, duk, dukanta, I a. ni dayana or ni kadai,
jama^a; a. together tarsashi, leave him a. bar shi day ansa ;

tararre, fern, tararra, pi. they a. dayansu ; a state of

tararru ; a. of you dukanku, being a. kadaichi, to be left a.

tarinku ; a. men mutant duka waiwai.

or dnkan mutane \ all (i.e. alongside, daura, daba.ra, da-
total) dokachi ; all (i.e. every- bra, or followed by da as a
thing) dokachin komi. prep., e.g. they stood side by
I

Allah, by wallah, wallahi I

side su tsaya daura da juna.
allay, tr. Y.futas da, kwantas da. j
aloof, to keep a.from nesanchi,
allegory, n. misali, michali*, I
nisanchi.
ahnara. !
aloofness, nisanta.
alliance, n. gdya. alphabet, n. abajada, letter of
alligator, n. kdda, kddo, pi. kd- the a. haraji, pi. haruffa.
dodi, kaduna, or kadunduna. j
already, adv. na da, dazu,
allow, tr. V. hari, bar, yarda ; j
wuri, dauri, tun da wuri ; he
e.g. let me depart bar ni in j
is gone ya rigaya ya tafi.
a.

tafi, if you a. we will do so I

also, adv. kuwa, kau (S.), kawa
in ka yarda za mu yi hdka, (S. ) ; usually placed after that
a. me ha ni yarji. which it connects ; haryo^,
alloy, n. ha'inchi ; unalloyed har yau.
babu ha'inchi, saji. alter, v. 1. tr. sake, saki, sauya,
allure, tr. v. rude. niusaya.
almighty, adj. mai-iko da 2. intr. sauya,
kowa, mai-iyawa. altercation, haya-haya, har-
almond, n. chanza^. gowa, hayaniya, tankiya.
almost, adv. kilsa; it is a. altered, particip. adj. sauyaye,
finished ya yi kUsan kare or fem. sauyayya, pi. sauyayyu.
ya kusa karewa. although, adv. ko, ko da.
altogether 10 annoy

altogether, adv. haki daya, cf kuna, takaichi, zauta, zajm

faujfofo*, also /aye a,nd fi. rai, bijira (S.), kumchin zu-
always, adv. koyaushe, kul- chiya.
yaushe, tutur, tutul, kullutn, angle, n. kusuruwa.
da kulluni, yini*, chikin ko- angry, to be, v. yin fushi,
wanne yayi*, judu*, to con- fusata, yin tsiwa ;to be a.
tinue a. tuturta. with harzuka ga, hasdla ga,
am, v., see be. chichika, yin chichika, takaita,
Amaranthus (native spinach), jin takaichi; he feels a. yana
alayafu, zakin hanza. jin haushi.
amazed, be yin mamaki,
to angry, adj. da fushi; one who
jin TYiamaki, jin damuwa. is a. mai-fushi.
amble, n. of a liorse tdkama
,
;
anguish, n. azaba, zogi.
a horse which ambles doki angular, mai-kusuruwa.
mai-takama. animal, n. bisd, pi. bisashe or
ambuscade, n., see seq. bisaje, dabba; domestic ani-
ambush, n. kwanto, hdgo,fako, mals bisashen gida, wild
maraya; to set an a. yin animals bisashen daji, abin
fako; to lie in a. lobe (S.), daji or naman daji, pi. na-
robe (K), place of or for an 7nun daji.
a. mafaka. animosity, n., see hate.
amen, amin*. ankle, n. idon kafa, idon sawu
amidst, prep, tsdka^ tsdkan, (or sau), pi. ijiyan sawu, or
tsdkanin. ijiyar sawu, or ijiyas sawu
amount, large, n. chushe ; see a. bone dombubu, or dam-
quantity. bubu.
amulet, talili, see charm. announce, tr. v. gaya, fadi,
amuse, tr. v. bada (or sa) labarta; to a. as a herald
murna. does the coming of some one
ancestor, n. kdka; ancestors gabato.
kakan7ii. annoy, tr. v. dame, ddma,
ancestry, see under ba. fUina, hayydta, tayas, wa-
and, conj. da, wa*. halda, wahalshe, sa wahala,
angel, n. malaika, pi. malaiku. aVale ; sawarwara, dawai-
anger, n. fushi pronounced niyasda, tozarta, I am not to
fhushi, haushi, kankanchi, be annoyed ba ni damuwa.
annoyance 11 ant-hill

annoyance, n. tvahala, sawar- generally ; an a. with a large

loari, takaichi, see anger. abdomen maidauro a gato a ;

anoint, e.g. with oil or water, reddish biting ant ba-fula-

tr. V. shd/a, shafe, yin shafa. tana.
anointing, n. shafa. ant-bear, see ant-eater.
anon, adv. sai an jima, jima ant-eater, the great a. or ant-
kadan. bear, dapgi, dabgi, dubgij
another, pron. wani, fem. wata, daugi.
pi. wasu or wadansu; often antelope. The following are
rendered with kuma, e.g. some of the antelopes found
ivani kuma. in Hausaland. Senegal or
answer, n. amsa, amshe, am- red-fronted gazelle, barewa,
sawa, jawdbi, karbawa. pi. Dorcas gazelle
bareyi;
answer, v. amsa, yin amsa, to farin baretva; the roan a.
give an a. kdda hdki, karha (Hippotragus equinus) gwan-
tnagana I answered him na
; ki, gwamki (S.) ; the W.
mayas masa da magana. African hartebeeste kanki,
ant, n. different species are pi. kanoki] oryx m.ariri, ma^
small stinging a. farmani, 7'ili ; BufFon's red cob a.

tirmani, kwankvmmhishi ;
m,areya ; Addra or red-necked
small chinnaka or
black a. gazelle mai-farin gindi ; a
chirnaka or tum,a da gay a ;
Senegal hartebeeste (Dama-
driver a. kwalkwasa, kwar- liscus korrigum) ddri ; the
kwasa the stink a. gwana,
; oribi a. batsiya ; the red-
gwano, geno a red travel-; flanked duiker makurna ; the
ling a.makwaiwa; harvest- '
crowned duiker gada ; klip- '

ing a. tururuwa very small ; springer gadar dutsi; the

black a. kudaji, kudahi (S.); water buck (Cobus defassus
a red biting a kumo ; an unctuosus) gwambaza, gwan-
a. which feeds on honey sha- zama, ambache, dodoka; reed
zumami; small red a. kiyashi; buck kwantarafl, kaji; bush
white ants(i.e. termites)M^o, buck mazo; a. leucoryx wal-
fem. gar a, gaira, pi. gdrani, waji an old solitary a. kishi-
;

sansamiya; the white a. in mi ; see also matso, karoM-

the winged stage shinge, gina; goda.
gara is also used of ants ant-hill, n. suri, pi. suwura,
anticipate 12 apron

sura, jiba, juha ; kunku- apparatus, n. kaya, pi. kaya-

wa. yeki, or kayaryeki.
anticipate, v. tsaitse, e.g. I appear, intr. v. baydna, bai-
anticipated him na tsaitse ydna, givadu,
shi ; wada*. appearance, n.Mma, pi. kdmd-
anticipation, zdto. nu, or kamannu (S.), hala-
antimony, n. kwalli, tozali ; mu*, wato*, watau*.
small skin bottle for holding appease, tr. v. lallaski, lillashi,
a. tandun tozali, gidan kwalli ;
sdda.
a stick used for applying a. appetite, n.kwadai*, kwadayi*.
mashiyi, masayi. apple, Akee a. alele; balsam

anus, diwa, tsuli, tsuliya, kar- a.garafuni wild custard a.

;

kashi*, shakira, inurda, mu- gwandardaji; hairy thorn a.

riya. zakami; Dead Sea or Sodom
anvil, n. makera. a. tumfajiya.
anxiety, n. machiyata, niata- appoint, tr. v. (to order, used
Ttiache, mamdbi. of God) kadarta ; (to select
any, adj. kowanne, fern, kowor for an office) zaba, zabe ap- ;

che, pi. kowddanne. pointed zababbe, fem. za-

anyhow, indef. pronl. adv. ko babba, pi. zababbu.
kaka. apportion, to yin fasali.
anyone, indef. pron. kowa, ko- approach, intr. v. nache, yin
wanene, fem. koiva, kowa- kusa, doshi, dosa, see near.
cheche. approval, sale on chinikin
anything, indef. pron. komi, shawara.
kome; not a., nothing bahu approve of, v. yardd approved ;

komi, ba koyni. of, adj. yardadde, fem. yar-

anywhere, indef. pronl. adv. dadda, pi. yardaddu, tdbor
kdina. tache, fem. tdbatachiya, e.g.

apart from, adv. banda, bam- magana tdbatachiya ap-

da,dabam dabam. proved, i.e. true words ; he
apartment, n. (room) daki, pi. approves o. hankali ya ktvan-
dakuna. ta da.
apex (of house, etc.), ka7i daki. apricot, a tree with fruit like a
apostatize (from Islam), rin- •
wild a., n. tsada* ; see plum.
da, ridda. apron, n. bante, banche, pi.
Arab 13 arrow

hantunaj kudu; a woman's pi. ungurnu a.

ka7'aurawa, ;

a. darazau. made worn

of plaited grass,
Arab, n. ba-ture, pi. turawa; by children darambuwa; a.
an A. ba-Larabe, pi. Lara- made of leather and wood
bawa; the Arabic language daga.
Arabiyya, larabchi. armour, n. chain or iron a.

arch, (used in building) kafo- sulke, saba; a hoi'seman's a.

fin guga masharuwa*

(S.), kumakumi.
arched, an arched roof dam- annpit, n. hamata, pi. hamatu,
ren-guga, dauren-guga, ma- hamatta, or hamutta.
sha-ruwa*. arms, coll. (weapons, etc.) ma-
are, v. ne^ che^ ke; phr. there kami battle a. kayan daga,
;

a. ina, akwai; there a. to kayan yaki.

me, i.e. I have sun yi ma ni, army, dako (S.) the centre ;

a yi ma ni; there a. many of an a. uwar yaki.

ina da su dayawa. around, adv. kewaye, gewaye,
argument, jiyeya*, jiyaiyya*. prep, ketvayen, gewayen.
aright, to direct a. daidaita. arouse, tr. v. tada, tashe, tayas,
arise, intr. v. falka^ tashi, taso, tayas da, falkad da.
tsira, tsire, tsiro, or chira, arrange, tr. v. gyara; to a.
chire, chiro. the hair (i.e. to comb or
arithmetic, hisabi (S.). dress the hair) gyarta, shata,
arm, n. 1. (from the wrist to shache.
the elbow) damchi, damtse, arranged, adj. shiriyayye, fem.
pi.damasa; the forearm gdba; shiriyayya, pi. shiriyayyu
to hold up at arm's length gyartache*.
daga; a man with a bent arrangement, (contract) wa-
a. mai-laushi, mai-lauje, mai- habi, sharadi.
kwarda. arrive at, v. isa, iso, sadu.
arm (i.e. weapon),
2. see arrogance, n.foma, homa.
arms, arrogant, n. one who is a. mai-
armhole, n. ha^nata, pi. ha- foma, pi. m^asu-foma, mai-
matu, hamatta, hamutta. homa, pi. masu-homa.
annlet, n, gen. kwandage, a. arrow, n. kibiya. pi. kibau,
made ofmetal karafa ; a. kulere, gora, pi. gororo, or
made of natron kdrau, kdro, gorina ; bow and arrows
art 14 assembly

bakan kihiya ; a. head fasa, ashes, n. toka, pi. tokuna,

pdsa; a, projecting from habdi (S.); hot a. rufushi,
quiver zagiya barbs on an ; rubshi, habdi (S.).
a. kdlemu (K.), a quiver aside,e.g. I turn a. from the

for arrows kwariu kibiya; path ina ratsewa ddga bisa

special names of a. poison hanya ; a baya^ ga bay a*.
are tumia or tinia^kwankwa- ask, V. roko^ yin tam-
roka,
ni, sainya*, tu7'urubi, uwar baya ; one who asks mai-
magunguna, womagunguna, tambaya; to a. of or from
zabgai, zabo, utval dafi, gen. roko, roka.
dafi; e.g. they (the arrows) asking, roko, continued a., n.

are suna da dafi.

poisoned kokanto.
Ingredients for making arrow ass, n. jdk% fem. jdka^ or jd-
poison are obtained from kanya^ pi. jdkai, or jdkicna,
many different plants. Arrows dsuwa; danbakuru, Tnatuwa;
are made from the reed-like large male a. bingi, a cas-
plants, e.g. kyamro, kyamru, trated ass aguru ; diff. species
kyarnare, sheme, gazara, san- have the foil, names ; a. with
sari ; a. notch gofi. red body jimrau a. with ;

art, n. gwani. black mouth gofo, red a.

article, the definite a. n, see aura, reddish brown a. idu-

the ; the indefinite a., see a. bar, tawny a. oraki and dan
as, adv. kcima, yadda, ydda, oraki ; large black a. jaba ;

kauda, ya*^ yi* ; a. before white a. mugo, shawu (S.)

kdma ta da or kdma na da; a spec, of wild a. shiyaki ; a

even a. kdrnar yadda. pad for an ass akumari, le-

ascend, v. shirga, hawa, hau, /eru,ip\. leferai; la/ero,laheru.

constr. with bisa or bisa ga ;
assault, n. (as in war) falmaki,
e.g. he ascended the hill ya farmaki, firmaki.
hau bisa tudu. assemble, v. gayya, gayyata,
asceticism, gudun-duniya^ tara, intr. tdru.
tsantsani, tsintseni. assembled, to be taru, par-
Asclepias gigantea, n. tum- ticip. tarare.

fafiya, pi. tumfafi. assembly, n. gayya, aVumma

asham.ed, to be, intr. v. Jm royal assembly-room /age,
kumya, jin kunya. dandali.
assent 15 attention

assent, v. kdda kai, gyada kai ;

astrologer, to act as an zuha
assent is very frequently tamrarai,
expr. by kyau as in the phr. at, prep, a, e.g. a vniri chan at
da kyau. that place ; often prefixed to
assess, to kimanta, aza ma. gave, ch%ki7i and hisa ;
ga
assimilate, they will not a. [gare with pronouns), e.g. ga
ha su haduwa. gida at home ; ddga, e.g. shi
assist, tr, V. taya^ tamaya, tai- ne ddga nan he is at that spot,
maka., taimaki, yin taimako, i.e. he is there; gun*, e.g.
yin shalli. gun chan = a wu7'i chan.
assistance, n. tamayi, taimako, atmosphere, n. duniya.
tai'tnakawa, shalli, sauki ; a. attack, n. farmaki, falm^aki,

in war gudummawa ;
he firmaki ; a feint or pretended
called for a. ya huga gdyya. a. zanzom,a.
assurance, tahhas. attack, to girsa, girshe, mama,
assure, to a. a person of the mami.
reality of anything gaskata attain, to a. to same, samu, kai.
or gaskanta. attempt, v. yin kokari, tdga.
assured, to be a. of (to feel attempt, n. kokari.

sure) tahhata, tdhatta, tdh- attend, to a. to (to look care-

hache, cf. seq. fully into) hcra ; to listen to
assuredly, adv. da gaskiya, ji, saura7'a, dadddra ; see
habu shakka, Idhudda, hahu attention (2).
wawa,faufau he is a. there;
attendant, n., an a. on one sick
ya tahbata nan ; he is a. a majinyata the attendants ;

heathen ko tahhata kafiri ne. of a king fadawa.

asthma, n.fuka, see breath. attention, 1. n. (serious
astonished, to be, v. jin da- thought) hankida, hankali
muwa, jin mamaki, yin ma- ruwa, e.g. it is no matter worth
maki. my a. ha or hahu ruwana.
astonishment, n. damuwa, 2. to pay a. to tuna,
exclamations expressing as- constr. with da, maida hiin-

tonishment haha, gdsara^. I

ma ; to give a. to what is

astray, to go hakita (S.). I said ji, saura^-a ;

give a. with
astringent medicine, n. ma- your ears (incline your ears
gani mai-kama chiki. i to)ka kakartsa kunnuiva.
attentively 16 back

attentively, to look at a. tso- awaken, to tdsad da,/alkad da.

kachi. away, to get a. (escape) Jichi,
attest, V. shaida, yin shaida, Jiche.
kai shaida. away, adv. phr. a. with him
attested, particip. adj. shai- yi da shi.
dadde, fern, shaidadda, pi. awkward, shallali.

shaidaddu. axe, n. gatari ; a. for cutting

auction, gwanjo*. stones dundurusu; a. for
auger-beetle, gunda, yumda. cutting grass gizago, gisago ;

augment, and intr. v. ddda.

tr. a. with broad blade baran-
aunt, n. gwaggwo, a. on the dami, tsitaka ; battle a. gd-
mother's side rafaniya. fiya, gita (K.), walwada, war-
authority, n. iko, pi. ikoki, ikon- wada ; the point of an a.

taka, alfarma*,&, person in a. head which projects through

mahakumchi, mahitkumchi. the handle suga (S.).
avarice, n. zargi, zalimi, za- axe-handle, n. bota (K.), kota.
lumij rowa, roivwa, mdda,
madda. babbling, n. rawatsa.
avaricious, adj. mairowa, da baboon, n. bika, pi. bikoka,
mdda. gogo, yimki (K.).
avaricious, to be yin zalumchi. baby, n. jarlri, jarlli, yarili,
avenge, tr. v. rdma, sdka. jinjiri.
avenger, mai-rama. bachelor, n. gwabro, gwauro,
average (adj .), tsdka-tsdka^ gauro, gwamro, balaguro*
madaidaichij pi. madaidaita. namiji da shara, lit. one who
avoid, V. kalmdsa^ kalmashe, has to sweep his own dwell-
haudij waske, zdge, cf a thing . ing.
to be avoided abokin kiyeye. back, n. bay a, janfi*^ hence
avoidance, i.e. of a missile, etc. badajanji to put to flight to ;

gochiya, guchiya, waskiya. turn the b. bada baya phr. on ;

await, to wait for one jira, the b. rigingine, on the b.

jirache, jinkirta. of reran-, to be hollow backed
awake, intr. v. farka, falka \
gantsarwa,
awaking falkawa; a start back, e.g. to come b. komo ; to
or exclamation on awaking go b. koma ; to move b., intr.
Jirgigi *. V. gusaj gulgusa, gurgusa.
 backbite 17 bakemeat
backbite, tr. v. chim haya. long, narrow salt-b. lange ; a
backbiting, tsegumi, tsogumi. leathern pouch used by
backbone, n. tsatso, tsotso, ka- barbers etc. zabira ; skin b.
shin tsatso. or bottle salka, pi. salkuna;
backward, adv. (on the back) small leathern or grass b.
rigifigine. sarita; large b. for holding
backwards, adv. baibai, e.g. rice siibolo, saido ; a small
they walked b. su ka tafi leathern b. kumaro, komaro,
baibai. tdnwara(K.); a large leathern
bad, mugu, fern, mugunya,
adj. b. mala, pi. malalaki a b. ;
pi. miydgu; mamuna, mum- made from tukuruwa leaves
muna*; used of corn tsadari tddali leathern
; narrow-
b. man dan duniya-, the expr. mouthed b. sidkumi (S.), sur-
fariko 6aK often = good or bad. kumi (K.); large skin b.
bad, to go b. ridm, riba, as taiki, pi. taika, tayukka, or
meat or fruit; to render b., taikuna, buhu
(Z.)j small
to spoil rubachi.
goat-skin water-b. tandawa-
badger, n. takas. ra; small provision-b. tan-
badness, n. mugunta. wara ; leathern bag closed by
baft, grey b. akoko; see cloth,
two strings pulled in op-
bag, n., a small b. aljiji, posite directions alagtvami;
aljiju, pi. aljifaye or aljifai;
a money-b. made of skin or
b. made of grass with cloth tsaleta, salita.
narrow opening ashasha; b. baggage, n. kaya, pi. kayayeki;
for cowries birgami, burgami,
see goods,
burgame (S.); woman's b. bail, see surety,
made of grass burma, burima; bake, tr. v. tuya, toya,
gdsa,
small b. for carrying salt the latter also spec, used
of
chukurfa; b. of feminine baking bread, e.g. ya gdsa
luggage /ago* or pago'^ gurasa; baked (i.e. fully
leathern b. for camels, etc. baked = the Engl, colloquial
gurara; large
skin b. for 'done') ninanne (S.), nu-
cowries jikka, pi jikkuna, or
nanne (K.), pi. nenannu or
jikkoki, kyankyandi ; b. hold- nunannw, (cooked) toyayye,
ing 20,000 cowries kwaroro
tuyayye.
very small b. rarita, lalita*
bakemeat, tuya, pi. toye-toye.
R. H. D.
2
balance 18 bargain

balance, n. a pair of scales mai-gwami, chassa (K.), tar-

maauna, maauni, mazani, koshi (S.).

mizani ; ahin aivo. bang, an exclamation ^907?2, pam.

balance, v., to b. a load on the bangle, for wrist kdrau, kdr-
head digirgire. karau, munduwa, Tnanduwa,
Balanites aegyptiaca, n. pi. mundaye, mandaye.

aduwa. bank, n. (-edge or margin)

bald, adj. mai-kora, mai-saiko, ba.ki, gdba, gachi ; b. of a
mai-sanko, mai-kwambe. river gefe, bdkin ruwa, gachi,
baldness, n. kora, saiko (S.), gdba, refe.
sanko (K.), kundumi, kun- banner, n., see flag.
dimi, kundumin kai cf prec. ; . baobab (Adansonia digitata),
bale, of goods Juguma, hu- n. kuka, pi. kukoki; fruit of
guma ; see load. the b. tree kwame (S.).

ball, n. makodi^, kwdlo, mul- bar, n. (a rod or stick of wood,

mule; a small b. dan kodi; iron, etc.) sanda, pi. sanduna;
b. or brick made of mud a b. of iron sanda ta karife ;

tuhali ; b. of the eye kwayan b. used to close a doorway

ido ;
(bullet) harsa, harsashi gagara-bado.
to roll into a b. dunkula, barbarians, n. 1. (of men in a
kudundune. rude, uncivilised state) 6ai6ai,
ballad, n. waka. baibaya, baibayi, or baubawa
bamboo, a sort of, n. gora, (S.).

kwangi*. 2. da muni.
(cruel)
banana, n. the b. tree, or fruit barbarity, muni.
n. (cruelty)

ayaba. barbarous, see barbarians.

band, n. 1 . (company or gather- barber, n. wanzami, pi. wan-
ing) taro or taru, pi. tarori. zamu, wanzamai; a hair-
2. (strip for binding) cf. dresser is mai-kitso.
seq.,a leathern band worn barbs, on an arrow M^emw (K.),
round the neck goli (S.). kun-nuwan kibiya.
bandage of any kind, n. ra- bare, see naked.
wani, pi. rawunna. bareness, n. wofi.
bandit, n. mai-fashe, pi. masu- bargain, n. (bargaining) chini-
fashe. ki, tdyi ; a discussion before
bandy-legged, adj. gwami, making a b. alwdshi; the
 bargain 19 basket

conclusion of a b. yardaje- barrier, n. kdfi.

niya; to haggle over a b. yin barter, n. chiniki, sdrafi, tdyi,
chiniki ; to make an offer in furfure, sdrafa, rangama.
bargaining, see seq. ; a b. barter, to sdrafa, yin chiniki,
(cheap) da araha, da arha; tdya, yin tdyi; see bargain.
into the b. (= besides, as well) base, adj. (of low worth) banza.
handa wannan. base, n. 1. (lowest part or
bargain, v. tdya, tayi, yin bottom of anything) kalkashi,
tayi, yin chiniki. karkashi.
bark, n. (of a tree) fata, pdta, 2. (= support or founda-
hawon itache. tion of anything) gutsu, or
bark, tr. v. (to strip off b.) guzu*, which is used physi-
kware, kwari. cally and also figuratively;
bark, intr. v. (of dogs, etc.) gindi, tushe.
yin hafshi, yin hapshi, yin bashful, adj., see seq.
hahshi, yin haushi, yage. bashfulness, n. kumya or
barking, n. (of dogs, etc.) kunya; to feel bashful jin
hafshi, hahshi, haushi. kumya, e.g. v/hen asking you
barley, n. sha'air. for this, I felt bashful da na
barn, n. rumbu, ra/oniya, roke ka wannan na ji kumya.
rujbgo. basil, wild b. daidoya (K.),
barrel of a gun, n. baki; a dodoya (S.).
double-barrelled gun bindiga basin, n. kwachiya, gwangwan,
mai-baki biyu. a metal b. ddro.
barren, adj. (used of the female basket, n., a large b. for salt
sex) karara, bakarariya, ma- etc. adila or adilak kaya
tauriya ; (used of a sheep or large b. or pannier made of
goat which has not had young) grass gufa, gufata, kantalma;
kazgainya; a b., or fallow, a b. made of palm fibre lefe
Held sabra, sabara, sau7'a, a small grass b. used in mak-
tsandauri. ing bread marari; a large
barrenness, n. (of woman, grass b. sayifo or samfo, pi.
etc.) tauriya, rashinhaifuiva. sanfuna kwando
; ; a b. used
barricade, n. kdgara, kega- as a strainer kindi, pi. kin-
ruwa, pi. kcigaru, gagara- dodi, marari] a small b.
bado. used by women kwatashi,
2—2
bastard 20 bead

taskira, tazkira ; a b. used in of existence; they are fre-

fishing sum; a b. full of quently used in written, but
com totsiya. See under bag. seldom in colloquial Hausa.
bastard, adj. sliege, fern, shegi- 3. akwai (sometimes pro-

ya, pi. shegu, dan farka, dan nounced akwoi), implying

nema. real existence, there is, there
bat, n. tattapara, hirhiri, rugi, are, there was, there were,
tsabilbila, yabirbira, kanen e.g. are there elephants in
jemdge; a large-sized fruit this town? akwai giwaye a
b. jemdge. garinga? ans. there are ak-
bathe, to kurma, kuruma. wai ke is often found with
:

bathing, kurme. nan in this sense, e.g. there

battle, n. fama, fada, gdba, was a certain jerboa ivani
yaki, the latter is also the kurege ke nan — akwai wani
proper word for war, q.v.; b.- kurege.
field ddga. 4. na (masc), ta (fem.),
battle, to draw up in line of are sometimes used in place
b. ja ddga. of the substantive verb, e.g.
battlefield, n. kanganfada. the men are doing so inutane
bawl, n. yin kuka, yin ufu. na yin hdka^ the horses are
bdellium, African b. dasld. running away dawaki na
be, V. 1. ne with masc. subject, g2cdu for this use of na see
;

che with fern, subj., ke with H. Diet. I. p. 273.

either they may follow the
; bead, n., beads chasbi, chasba-
subj. but are often found at ha a large white b. in a set
;

the end of their clause ; e.g. of black aldma, pi. alo.momi ;

he is truthful shi mutura round blue b. galan kumburi;

mai-gaskiya ne ; she is very a large white seed used as a
beautiful ita kyakkyawa che ;
b. gimba, pi. gimbai ; a large
both of them are old su biyic (Phoenician) b. dilari ; a
tsofisu ke ; the above chiefly small red b. rigigi ; a red
express the simple copula, coral bajumba; a blue
b.
but see below (3). worn by women
cylindrical b.
2. kashi, kashe, kasanche, samfalwa; redheads dimbujin
used where emphasis is laid zu/a, dumbaji, jinin kajiri;
on the fact or continuance beads made from black seeds
 bead-tree 21 beaten
kantururuwa ; necklace of 3. (to endure) jimri, (to b.
hea.dBkutofi; beads worn round with one) jimra^he.
the neck by women tagode; beard, n. geme (S.); gemu (K.),
string of beads worn round pi. ge7na, or gyamma (S.),
loins kwatana ; pearls or red gyammai (K.) ; b. of goat
beads murjan, murjani; large rairo, rero.
red b. murjanin tudu, rigigi bearded, a b. man mai-geme,
(S. ), rikiki ; prayer beads tashi, masu-geme.
pi.
pi. tasbai; a woman's girdle
beardless, adj. shagiri, pi.
of beads kwatana, tsdkuwa.
shagirai.
bead-tree, kuman nasara. beast, n. bisa, pi. bisashe or
beak, n. koto, hakin tsuntsuwa, bisaje, ddbba, ddbbo, pi. dab-
gehe *.
buna or dabbobi; wild b.
beam, n., b. above door alma- naman Jlrdi* daji, ; wild
ndni ; a cross b. kuba b. or beasts bisashen daji,
;
namun
post stuck in the ground to
daji.
support a roof dirka, jigo, pi. beat, tr. v. 1. buga, doke, duka,
jigu7ia; b. for pumping water dirka, the last is sometimes
jtgo, kutdra.
written tsirka, bada kdshi.
beam, of light giraza, girazal
2. to b. down, as earth etc.
rana.
taka, taki, tsaga, tsatstsaga,
bean, n. wake, pi. wakoki or ddbe.
wakaikai; red edible b. 3. to b. or tread grain
tsarariya, tsurariya (K.), ddka, intensive form ddd-
kwama (S.) ; small b. komo daka, swaba (S.), surfe, taki,
mahogany b. kawo sword ; b. tingama.
barankachi; yam b. girigiri; 4. to b. a drum yin wargi;
beans ground up and cooked
see drum.
in water tubdni, tabdni, tu-
5. to b. in war, intr.
yin
buni; a species of large b. zako.
nasara, trans, chi.
bear, 1. (to carry) kai, shide,
6. to b. in a game chi, e.g.
constr. with da. na chi ka I have beaten
2. (to produce their kind,
you.
of animals, trees, plants, etc.)
beaten, part. adj. in sense of
haifa, haife to b. in the ear
;
prec. 3. takakke, fem. takakka,
as corn goyo.
pi. takakku.
beating 22 beetle

beating, n. 1. tsirka, dirka ; see becoming, adj. (lawful, cere-

beat. monially right) halal, halas

2. kdshi, (a defeat in war) or halata, daidai ; it is b. ya
artai. yi daidai.
3. b. of wings tafi (K.), bed, n. gddo, pi. gddaje or
tabi (S.). gddashi, karaga* ; to go to
beautiful, adj. da kyau, kyau, b., V. kwanta; a b. of mud
mai-kyau, kyaivkyawa, kekya- dakali, tugufa', space under a
wa^ kyakkyawa. b. in which a fire can be put
beauty, n. 1. of persons and tsdriya, tsdri.

things kyawo or kyau. bed-clothes, coll. n. maydfi.

2. of dress ornaments etc. bee, kudan zuma or kudan
n.

ddoy armashi. zummuwa, pi. kudashenzuma;

because, conj. don^ chewa*, the mosquito b. or stingless b.
domin chewa*, gama, zania gala, galla, rakuwa young of ;

(S.); cheiva and domin chewa b. gudajen zummuwa ; small

are used in written, but not bees so/o/uwa; ground bees
in colloquial Hausa. ganya.
because of, prep, domin, don, bee-eater, (bird) tsuntsun ha-
scihada or sabad da, sdboda*, yaki, tsiriyar kogi.
sdbo (K.)' gctma, sabili da, beef, n. nama7i sa, naman shanu.
zama (S.); b. of me domina, beehive, n. ainya, amya (K.),
b. ofhim dominsa. hamya, butumi, pi. butuma,
beckon, v., to b. with the head burtumi (S.), gidan zum-
(in token of assent) gyada muwa.
kai ; to b. or shake the head beeswax, n. dankon zummuwa^
(in token of denial) kdda kai kakin zummuwa.
to b. with the hand yafuche, beetle, n., spec, large, black,
yafuto. long-legged b. gurgunguma,
beckoning, (with the hand) kurgunguma, burgungumay
yafuchi. sari; the *
plush b.'or 'velvet
become, intr. v. (to come to mite karamuski or mulufi* ;
'

be) zdma, zam (S.), samma*, burying b. or dung b. buzuzu;

kawa*, sawoya. click b. makeri blister b. han- ;

become, intr. v. (to befit, to gara ; auger b. or wood borer

be proper) kdmata, kdmache. kichichiya, gunda ; longicorn
befall 23 behind

b. or leaf-cutting b. mage- majiri, fem. almajira, pi.

duwa-, tiger b. {\siV\a,)JuTau ;
almajirai, maddha, mauro^
water b. kumbudiya (S.), gardi* spec, an idle b.
;

kumhudewa (K.). 7nai-kas(da, a b. on the road

befall, intr. v. samit, same, sama, tnasarchi, a b. who sings a
sami; it befell him ya sameshi. great man's praises ina'aha,
befit, intr. v. kdmata^ kdmache. one who lives by begging
before, adv. of time dafari, fM- food mai-ktvaraka.
kun or tukuna, na dd, kaman beggar, to wander alone as a
na dd or kamandd, wuri, da b., intr. v. kasala*.
wuri or dauri, dazu in former ; begging, n. marokachi, roko,
time lokachin dd; see ever. begin, v. fdra, yin /dra, dora^
before, conjunctive adv. gdba, som.a (K.); to b. work kdma
kdjin, b. that kani*, kamin, aiki, farma* ; it cannot be
kana, kan da, kan*, e.g. finish begun ha shi somuwa.
this (that) you do that
b. beginner, a (i.e. learner) bayni.
kare wannati kana ka yi beginning, participial n. fara^
wanchan tun and Htn da; wa, farko, ta-farko, somi,
are employed with negative 7nasomi, from the
mafdi'i;
clauses, e.g. b. (that) he died b. of the world ddga mafa^^in
he composed a book titn ha duniya.
ya mutu ha ya yi wani beguile, tr. v. rude ; see de-
litafi; to go b. gahdta, ga- ceive.
hdche, rigaya, he was at the behave, intr. v. (to turn out,
farm b. her ya riga ta gona. prove) zama, e.g. na zama da
befriend, tr. v., see assist. hankali I shall b. wisely
beg, Y: 1. (to entreat, suppli- maida*.
cate) roka, yin roko, hiko. behaviour, n. (character, con-
2. (to ask a thing of, as duct) Aa^'i.

alms) bdra, yin hdra, roko ; I behead, tr. v. yanke, dehe kai.
b. pardon gqfara ma ni (or behind, adv. hay a, a hay a,
mini) ; to b. for help zukatta*. ddga haya that which is b.
;

beget, tr. V. (of the male) haife, ahin haya.

yin cla. behind, prep, haya, haya ga,
beggar, n. mai-hdra, mai-7'oko, with sufiP. prons. gare, e.g. b.
inarok*, fem. marokiya, al- them 6«ya gare su.
behold 24 bend

behold, V. duha, duho, gani, man who blows b. mazigi

tsokachi,yin kallo, exclam. the stick of the b. maziga.
phr. b. duha! b. him or it belly, n. kundu ; lower part of
ga shi! b. her or it ga ta b. mdra, chiki,
behove, to kdmache, kdmata. belong, intr. v. 1. (to be the
belabour, tr. v. hiiga-y see beat. property of) na, fem. ta with
belated, to be, i.e. to be late in the forms of the v. to be, e.g.
arriving yin yauchin zakuwa, this book belongs to Hassan
tnakara. litafin nan na Hasan ne, the
belch, intr. v. gyatsa^ yyci'Sa, horses b. to the king dawaki
gyashi (S.). na sariki ne, that stick be-
belief, n. 1. (creed) addini, man sanda chan
longs to this
imanchi. ta mutumennan che, it belongs
2. (credence) ban gaskiya. to me nawa ne or ni ke da shi.
believe, v., to b. a fact gaskata, 2. (to be native of) e.g.

gaskanta, to b. a person hada he belongs to Kano shi dan

gaskiya^ yin gaskiya constr.
with prep, ga; to
b. in God, kasada ; I do not
b. itban karba ba.
believed in, particip. adj. yar-
dadde, fern, yardadda, pi.
yardaddu.
Kano ne.
b. in, esp. to belongings, n. (property) dii-
kiya, and in a still more
general sense abubuwa.
beloved, n. masoyi, fem. ma-
soya, pi. masoyu, lele or na-
lele* a thing b. abin kamna.
;

believer, n. mumini, fem. mu- below, 1. adv. a kasa, a kas,

mina, pi. muniinnai. baya*.
bell, n., small b. attached to 2. prep. kalkashi7i (S.),

horse gwarje, gwalje, g'^'^j^ ', karkashin (K.).

small bells on horses' heads belt, n. abin damre, madamre,
chikasaura, chikasabra, cha- damdra, pi. damdru b. for ;

kasabra, chikasaura ; bells sword hamila, see girdle.

attached to goats etc. kdraii- bench, n. kujera, kushera, pi.
rautva or kararawa. kujeru.
bellow, intr. v. ruri^ yin bu. bend, tr. v. kalmdsa, kalmisa
bellowing, n. bu. (S.), kahnashe, karkdta, gusda,
bellows, n. mafuri, mafurin kantara, sunkwiyad da, tan-
wuta, zigazigai, zv^azugi ; a kosa, tankwasa, tankware,
bending 25 better

jirga, lauya; spec, to b. the ;

kage* or kaga* ; my foot is

head kdda kai, kankanda kai, ya kama kafata.

b. dela
j

sada kai, karkdta or kakartsa * bequeath, to wasiche*.

with or without kunne (ear) bereavement, n. kewa, kiwa.

to b. down (the ear) in order bereft (devoid of) in phrases

to attend to what is said; :

like b. of sense maras, rashi,

dukad da, jirge, kan- e.g. maras-kankali, b. of

intr. \

tare, lankwashe, lankwasa, shame maras-kumya, b. of

strength rashin karifi see
sunkwiya, duka; see bent. ;

bending, n. dukawa, laudi. under rasa.

beneath, adv. and prep., see ,
beseech, v., see ask.
below. beseem, v., see befit.

beneficial, adj., see seq. beside, prep, (at the side of)
benefit, n. anfdni ; of b. (bene- wajen, a wajen in a looser ;

ficial) da anfdni, mai-anfdni. sense, kusa ga, tare da.

benefit, (confer a b. upon) besides, prep, hamda, ban da,
anfdna. baya, bayan, haya ga.
benevolence, n. (an act of b.) besprinkle, buta, ydfa, yafa
kyauta, abin kyauta, alheri. ruwa.
benign, see kind. best, adj. this can only be
beniseed, ridi, lidi. expr. by the phr. ya fi duka,
bent, adj. gangare or gangara, mafi duka, or ya fi kowa ;
pi. gangaru b. or tottering,
;
this is the b. of these
as of a wall, karkache, fern. ivannan m,afifichi ddga wa-
karkata, karkatu a b. tree
pi. ;
dannan ; this is the heaviest
j

kwandariya, kondariya* a ',

i
wannan ya fi duka nauyi;
man with a b. arm mai- \
he is doing his b. yana da
laushi, maikwarda, with a j
jimri cf. Hausa Gr. p. 75.
;

b. leg gwami, old man with ;

betray, tr. v. (to deliver up
b. back takoko it cannot be
; treacherously) bashe ; to b.

b. ha shi tankwasawa. \
confidence chin amana, or
bent, to be yin gangare, kar- ^
chinye amana; to b. one
kache. another bada juna.
\

Benue, the river, pr. n. Tsdda, i

betroth, tr. v. rike, rika, riki.

or ruwan Tsdda. betrothal, riko.

benumbed, to be, intr. v. better, adj. 1. gen. dama,
between 26 big

gtoama, gwamma, e.g. it were e.g. b. you

of that log lest
b. ya yi dama; (superior) fall ka tuna da ichen
over it

majifichi foil, by daga, e.g. 7ian kdda ka/adi bisa.

this is better than that wan- bewilder, tr. v. dame.
nan mafijichi ddga wanchan, bewildered, to be, intr. ddniu,
or wannan ya dadi wanchan ;
jin damuwa, rude.
fi, e.g. it is b. BO ya fi gara, ;
bewilderment, n. damuwa.
gaira, guma, gwamma^ e.g. it beyond, 1. adv. of place hay a,
is b. gara, it is b. so gara gaha; (further on, at a
hcika, or gwamma haka^ it is distance) nesa, da, or ddga
b. for me to stop ni gara in or na nesa, e.g. that which
tsaya, rather than I should lies b. ahin haya.
do this it would be b. to die 2. prep, baya, bayan, ke-
da na yi ivannan gara in taren.
mutu. 3. fig. (suYipassmg) Jaskare,
2. a b. state of health is Ji, e.g. it is b. me ya faskare
expr. by means of dama, ni or ya ji ni, b. the power
afuwa, rangiva77ie, e.g. to of man ya ji mutum or ya
feel b. jin dama, jin ran- ji karjin mutum.
gwame., to get b. samu dama, beyond, to go, v., e.g. he went
also by wartsaka, b. to-day b. sea ya ketare gulbi.

than yesterday gwamma yau biceps, kwanduwan hannu.

da jiya, see Hausa Gr. bid, n., a b. tayi.

p. 75. bid, V. 1. (to command) ha-

between, 1. adv. tsdka. kumche, hakumia.
2. prep, tscikan, tsdkanin. 2. (to offer a price for)
3. n. (a space), b. tsdkani. taya, tayi, yin tayi.

bewail, v. 1. intr. yin kuka. bier, mdkarai.

2. tr. expr. by 1. with bifurcate (of a path), bii-kichi,

preps, given under on ac- birkita.

count of. big, adj. 1. (of size) babba, pi.
bewailing, 1. particip. n. (the many a, ruku-rukit* ; also fig.

act of b.) kukawa. (important), e.g. a b. man

2. concr. (wail) kuka. babban matum or mutum
beware yin hankali,
of, V; babba, a b. thing ridimin abu
tuna, constr. with prep, da, to grow b. gawurta, gawusta,
bile 27 bird

the boy has grown b. yaro ya cuckoo (lark-heel c. or crow

gaivurta ; full-grown gawur- pheasant) ragon maza ; dove
tache^ pi. gawurtattu. kurchiya, garda, bardo, haz-
2. (pregnant) da chiki, biya^ wala ; eagle gaggafa ;

karambiki. egret (great white e. or heron)

3. (pompous, arrogant) da zarbi, zalbi ; little e. balbela,

girnian kai, mai-homa, pi. badbila, bilbila ; finch chi-

masu-homa. goro, sisita, baiwar shaida,
bile, n. machiwa (S.). Allahf zalaidu ; honey-guide
bill, n. 1. (account) lisaji or gunda, maganiya ; hoopoe
chigi da tuku, katu tu ; horn-
2. (beak, q.v.) koto. bill burtu, bultu, chilikowa,
bind, tr. V. 1. damre^ daure, ka-ki-ganin- Allah] ibis (Afri-
damra^ darme, tanka, tanke, can wood i.) tsagagi, jinjimi ;

lamyache (K.), sarkafe-, spec, Hadadah ibis vara; partridge

to b. fast tsuke ; to b. grass (or francolin) fakara (K.),
with cords so as to form roof makeruiva (S.) ; pigeon tanta-
yamche or yamchi. bara, tandabara\ plover %a7'e-
binding, particip, n. sarkafe^va kyare^ zakaran yaki, zakaran
boards or stiff covers for b. assuba, dan raguwa ; black-
books bango, iadarishi b. of ;
headed p. or crocodile bird
com bambu. ladin kogi ; roller or blue jay
bird, n. tsuntsu, zu7izu*, fern. chanwaka, tsanwaka ; starling
tsuntsuwa, zunzuwa^, pi. dokin buntu glossy s. or ;

ts2intsaye,zunzaye*.The fol- grakle tsakwaikwaiwa ; stilt

lowing are some of the com- taka bado stork shamo, sha-
;

monest birds in Hausaland : muwa, kasheri, rtiai-jika, bo-

bishop-bird, dala, mulufi rintumke, babba da jikka^
bustard, the lesser b. kadab- tsagagi, juhurma -, sun-bird
kara, kadafkara, katakara, sha kauchi ; swallow (a
sokara * ; the greater b. tuje ;
species of s.) tsaitsewa, mashi-
crow shimkake, a white- rari ; weaver b. jira, kdbare.
backed c. hankdka, pi. han- The following have not yet
kaki or hankaku ; crane, been identified a small white :

crested c. gauraka^ goraka, diving b. benema; a large

garmaka, gamraka, kurki* ;
carnivorous b. duki; a yellow*
bird lime 28 blade

breasted b. gado a species of ; bite, n. chizo; b., e.g. of a

sparrow gora ; a small b. with scorpion ddni ; b. of a snake
red plumage which feeds on sari.
guinea-corn marai; a small bite, tr. V. chizo, yin chizo,
singing b. wali, waliya; a chije (followed by pron. obj.);
long-beaked water b. sulhi ; of snakes etc. (to sting) sdra,
see also banupiya, huwa, taha, halhi, tdma (S.) ; to b.
kajarini, kilabtu, off gdtsa, zahta ; to b. at
bird lime, n. dankon tsunt- gurgura; to seize with the
suwa. teeth tasamma, tasoma (S.).
bird's-eye, idon zakara. bitter, adj. da divachi, da dachi,
birth, n.1. (coming into life) yainama, yanyanna, da yami,
haifuwa since your b. tun
; madachi ; to make b. or to be
haifuwarka = since you were b. tsamama.
born. bitterness, n. dwachi, dachi.
2. (the act of bringing bivouac, on a field of battle
forth) haifuwa, jeyo. kwananddga.
3. an untimely b. ha- black, adj. hdki, fern, hdka, pi.
kwaini, harin chiki. babbaku; veryh. bdki kirin (or
birth, to give b. to, tr. v. hai/a, kerin), baki wur ; a b. horse
haife, yinjego. akawali, kiyara, chichiro.
birth, a woman about to give blacken, intr. v. (to become or
b. to a child karamhiki. turn b.) zama bdki, sauya
birthday, n. rana ta haifuwa, bdki, babake* ; tr. (to make
ranan haifuwa. black) babaki*.
birthplace, n. 7nahaifa*, phr. blackish, bdki-bdki.
wurin da oka haifa. blackness, bakintaka.
biscuits, akara*. blacksmith, n. mai-kira, ma-
bishop-bird, or cardinal- ker i, fem. maker iya, pi. ma-
bird, dala, mulufi, kera ; the fem. =a black-
bit, n. 1. (of a horse) lizami, smith's wife.
linzami, lizzami (S. ) the strap ; bladder, n. mafitsara, jika*.
tied to a b., n. kamazuru. blade, n. 1. (of corn etc.)
2. (small piece, fragment) kdra, pi. karare, tofo, fofo,

gutsura, pi. gutsatsari. zangare, zangarniya.

bitch, n. kdriya. 2. (of knife) karifen wuka.
 Dlame 29 blister

3. (broken b. of sword) ku- 2. moral b. aibu.

bless, V. barka, albarka used
blame, n. 1. (finding fault, re- with yi or wa, e.g. he blessed
proof) foro^ tsawa^ harasa, ya wa albarka ; albarkata,
rarauka (K.), zarge. kyautaye.
2. (fault, guilt) laiji. blessing, n. albarka, salati*.
blame, tr. v. 1. (to reprove, blight, e.g. on corn domana,
check) yin tsawa. mando.
2. (to impute guilt) hada blighted, adj. applied to corn
laiji. kupturu, kuturu (S.), see
blam.eless, adj. maras-laifi, birtuntuna.
babu laiJi. blind, adj. makafo, pi. makafi;
blanket, n. bargo, burgo, hiru, a b. person makdfo, fern.
kuntu*, kuntukuru*. makafuiva (S. ), makauniya
blaspheme, v. yin al/asha, yin (K.), pi. makafi; makabta
swabon Allah. (S.), makanta (K.).
blasphemy, n. alfasha magana, blind, tr. v., to make
b. ma-
ma'asi *. kamta ; intr. become b.
to
bleaching, chalk used for, n. makafche, makamche, ma-
alii. kanche.
bleat, intr. v. km^c and gen. blindness, n. makamta, ma-
yi7i kuka, yin bu. kanta, makopchi, makabche,
bleating, n. bu, kara. makabchi.
, bleed,v. intr. tsaga or phr. zubda blink, intr. v. rumtse, runitsi,
jini ; tr.Jitajini or Jidda jini, runtsa (S.).
constr. with prep. ma. blinkers, leathern b. for a horse
bleeding, particip. adj., see furtali.
bloody. blinking, n. kifil kifil.
bleeding sickness, n. tsagiya; bliss, n. ni'ima*.
b. from nose hdbo. blister, n. 1. i.e. something
blemish, n. 1. material or to cause blistering farsa.
1
physical b. aibi, aibu, pi. aibo- 2. of the skin sali, swali,
bi, aibu, Idhani; e.g. a b. in the swale, bororo.
eye Idhaniga ido ; b. , e.g. aspot blister, v. 1. tr.farcha.
of different colour in cloth 2. intr. (to be blistered)
j
etc. sqfdne, sofdni, surfani. yin sali.
block 30 blunder

block, e.g. of salt or potash blow, V. 1. tr. busa, ddbar, yin

haura (S.) ; b. of wood firde. ddbar, e.g. trumpeter the
blood, n.jini ; b. letting jiniya, blew the trumpet mai-busa ya
jir/a, jar/a, majinachiya. busa kafo ; to b. away bushe.
blood-feud, tama. 2. intr. busa, e.g. the wind
bloody, adj. (bleeding or blood- used to b. all night iska ta
stained) dajini his face was ; kan busa dare duka spec, to ;

all h. fuskassa duka saijini. b. the fire under a cooking

blossom, n./ure, pi. furori or pot girke, girki ; to b. water

fur aye. out of the mouth tuddas;
blot, n., e.g. of ink dole, dan- to b. a fire zuga, fura, e.g. b.
gwale ; to make a b. dardasa. up the fire with the bellows
blot out, V, yin maimai, sha- ka fura wuta da mafuri ;

shafe. to b. up, e.g. an empty bag

blow, n. gen. hug a, kadi, rotse, yin bokoko, to b. up a bag
roche] a b. esp. in boxing fura salka to b. about jake.
;

dambe, tika, a b. in fighting blowing, n. busa, e.g. the b. of

fdda, pi. fddodi, a b. with the trumpet, wind, etc. bUsan
hand mari, marumari, or
pi. kafo, busan iska ; b. of water
Tnaremare, bugu, bugo, a hard out of the mouth tudaswa.
b. causing wound or swelling blown upon, i.e. dried, adj.
rotsi, rochi (S.), pi. ratsa, a b. busashe.
in punishment fig. sanda, pi. blue, n. shuni or juni*, ddfuwa.
sanduna. —To strike or give blue, adj. shudi, fem. shudiya,
blow or blows, v. gen. buga, pi. shudodi, da shuni or da

in tens, bubbuga or bugabuga; juni*, ddfdfi; spec. b. cloth

mari or mare with intens. shiyodi, turkudi, saki, swaki
participial n. marmarawa light b. shudi-shudi ; a b.

rochi, rotsa, wtdakanta, tsam- stone kaule ; a dark b. thread

ki,daka with intens. forms nati.
daddaka and dandaka a b. ; blue, to be, intr. v. saki*, soki*
with clenched fist dundu, or swaki* ; to stain the face
naushi, I gave him a b. that b. dambara ; to dye b. shuda,
left its mark na yi ma sa shiyuda.
rotsi, the sound of a b. ku- bluff, alwdshi.
mus (S.). blunder, see mistake.
 blunt 31 boot
blunt, adj. da laushewa ; in the ta/asa, fa/asu, ta/ashe, taso;
sense of devoid of edge hahu it is boiling a7ia tafasa.
kaiji. boiled, past part., tafasashshe,
blunt, to be, v. dallashe, dal- iem. ta/asashiya,p\. tafasassu.
lishi, dakushe, yin dakusa. boiling, n. tas?/;a ; the rise and
bluntness, n. (of a knife) tade- fall of b. water habuma, ham-
rishi, laushiwa, dakusa. buma.
boar, the wild, n. alhanzir, bold, adj., see brave,
hanzir, gyado, fem. gyadain- bolt, v., to b. food rushe (K.).
ya, pi. gyadodi or gyaduna. bolt, see lock.
board, n. ([)lank) faskare ; to bone, n. kashi, pi. kasussuwa or
make into boards yin faskare, kassa ; back-b. kashin tsotso ;
coll. boards karauki, boards bones in a fish kayar kifi\
for binding books tadarishi*. shin-b. kobri, kwabri, kwauri
boast, gawurta, gawusta,
V. (K.), kiibri, kwabruka;
pi.
yin kurari, yin rdha, ruha. hip-b. kwankwasso; marrow-
boaster, n. mai-foma, pi, masu- b. tantakwashi, tantakoshi.
I

foma, mai-homa, mai-tama, bone-setter, mai-dori.

pi. masu-tama; b. in war book, n. litdfi, letdfi, pi. Utd-
gugirma. taji, or litattaffai, or litat-
I
boasting, n. foma, homa, tama, taffaye; takarda^, pi. takar-
j
alfahari, ahvashi,fari,fariya, du*^ kundi, pi. kundaye, dan
i kurari. kundi, kitdba * ; leathern
boat (i.e. canoe), n. jirigi or case for a b., n. gafaka,
i
jirgi, p\. jirage. gafakka^ or gufaka (S.) ;

boatman, n. mai-jirigi, pi. large thick b., n. sufuri,

masu-jirigi. sujili page of a
; b., n. ivarka,
bobbin, mdtdri. waraka ; stiff covers for a b.,
body, jiki, pi. jikuna. n. tadarishi*, bango, pi. ban-
body-guard, one of the king's, gaye or banguna.
n. zarumi, zaromi, zarmi or book-marker, n. alama or ha-
jarimi, pi. zarumai. lama, pi. alamomi, amara.
boil, n. kurji, kureji,
pi. ku- boot, n. kubuta* ; spec, long
rareji, kuraje; kirchi, gurje, leathern b. safe, high riding
girje, bambaroki, maruru. b. karufa, kurufa, kurfa,
boil, V. tr. or intr. ia/asa, yin long riding b. with spurs
booth 32 bow
kufita, kufuta, pi. kufitai, scent b. wakiya, wakiyya ; a
kufutai. large leathern b. for holding
booth, n. bukka, pi. bukkoki; butter giwan basa; a small
sayi, pi. sayoyi. skin b. tandu.
booty, n. ahin kwache. bottom, 1. (the lowest part or
border, n. 1 of a country iyaka.
. foundation) gutsu, kalkashi,
2. silk b. on woman's dress gato, e.g. b. of a fence gaton
hashiya. darnij gi^idi.
3. b. of cloth lafe^ lafi. 2. (buttocks) gato^ gindi.
bore, tr. V. fuda, fude^ buda, bough, n. reshe, refe (S.), rehsy
huda, yin rarake. refo, pi. rassu, rassa, raffu^
boring, n./udi, yxirake. refuna; see branch.
born, pass. part, haifaffe, fern. bound, intr. v. (to leap up or
haifaffa, pi. haifaffu. forward) tuma.
borrow, yin dro, ramta,
tr. v. bound, past part. 1. (tied up,
yin ramche, I did not b. e.g. fastened with a band) dam-
much money ban yi ramchen rarre, pi. damrarru, oka
kurdi dayawa ba ; to b. damre, faskarari*.
money chin bashi. 2. fig. (obliged, required)
borrower, n. mai-chin bashi, wajib, wajibi with ne or ke,
niai-daukan bashi. e.g. we are b. to go to the
bosom, n. gaba, pi. gabobi, war wajibi ne mu tafi yaki.
kirji, pi. kirjai, kiraza. boundary, n. iyaka, gayya,
both, 1. adj. biyu, e.g. b. of or gay a (K.), kaida, makarin
them duka biyu or su biyu; kasa, matuka.
this may also be expr. by bow, n. (i.e. the weapon) bakd,
ddga wannafi sai wannan. pi. bdkuna, b. and arrows
2. conj. da, e.g. b....and bdkan kibiya ; to discharge a
da... da. b,, V. halbi or harbi; b. for
bottle, n. tasa or dasa*, pi. ta- cleaning cotton bdkan shlba.
soshi, kwalaba, kwaliba ; tulu, bow, 1 .intr. V. (to incline the head
pi. tuluna, dalulu ; small in salutation) yin dJi,duka{S. ).
earthenware b. buta, water 2. (to b. down as in the
b. calabash kurtu, burmi, native prostration) yin dfi^
gyandama, skin water b. gurfana, yin gurfane rusuna,
salka or salka, pi. salkuna,
 "bowels 33 break
3. to b. or stoop sunkwiya, tugula, tagura, munduwa,
sunkuya^ sunkurya (K.), pi. mu7idaye.
kurda (S.), duka. brackishness, zartsi.
4. (to b. the head down or braid, to tu/ka, tubka, tupka
sideways in order to listen) (K.), tumka (S.); see plait.
karkata or kakartsa. brains, n. coll.
'
kwallutva, kwa~
bowels, n. hanji. kwalluwa, kokolwa.
bowing, n., i.e. so as to touch" branch, n., of trees reshe, refe
the ground with the forehead (S.), refo, pi. refuna, raffu;
sujada, sajada, alkafura ; see spec, small b. hamso*, b.
bow. stripped of leaves kututture,
bowl, n. tdsa, pi. tdsoshi, gi- kututturo, kututturu ; wither-
dauniya, gwongwon, kata*. ed branches coll. kwabruka;
bow-legged, chassa. thin bending b. tsumanjiya.
bowman, n. mahalbi, pi. ma- brass, n. jan karife, farin
halba or masu-halhi. karife, gachi, janjache.
bowstring, n. tsirkiya, tsar- brave, adj. mazakuta, da zu-
kiya, chirkiya, igiyar baka.
chiya babba,
mai-zuchiya,
box, n. akodi, akwati, san- mai-karijin zuchiya.
duki, or sanduki, pi. san- bravery, mazakuta, maza-
n.
dukai, mai-sutura* ; spec, a kunta,
. mazakunchi, tasiri
small skin b., e.g. for snuff (S.), zarumta.
batta, pi. battochi; barta, pi. bray, intr. v. (of the ass) bir-
bartochi; small glass b. for bira, barbara, yin kugi.
frankincense lulu. bray, tr. v. (to beat small',
box, V. danibe,
nausha, naushe, pound) daka.
nushe, dankwasa, dankwashe.
bread, n. (made of wheat) gy;^
boxer, dan dambe.
rasa.
boxing, n. naushi, dambe.
breadth, n.fddi,faski*.
boy, n. 7/aro, pi. yara, yaraye, break, v. 1. tr. chiri fdsd,
|

;
yaye or yayaye spec. b. who ;
|
fdso.pdsa.fashe, pashe,palshe
is third or fourth child, the
I kariya, kariyi, karye ; kalle
previous children being all
(K.), rotsa, roshe, rosa, tsinke,
girls tanko*.
tsunke-, to keep breakilig
boyishness, n. halin yaro. tsuntsunke, ..
1'

bracelet, n. tagula, tagulla, 2. fig. to b. a promise skki

R. H. D.
breakage 34 bridle

alkawali or warwari alka- breathe, intr. v. lumfasa (S.),

numfasa (K.), to b. heavily

wali.
3. fig. intr. of the da}^ dauki lumfashi, yin sheda,
daylight or morning, see I b. hard na yi fuka.

dawn. breathing, n., heavy b. lum-

numfashi, lunfastu,
4. with various modi-
tr. fashi,
sheda, habuiria*, hambuma.
fications of meaning: to b.
Jalke (S.) to b. breed, v. ba diya, yin diya,
open rihe, ;

pieces farfasha or pal- haifi, haife, haifu.

to
pashe (in tens, forms oifashe, brethren, n. yan-uwa; my b.

pashe), rugunguza*,/an/atsa;
yan-uwana.
bribe, toshi b. given to a
to b. off kudure ; to b. up
n. ;

judge fila or hila, kirsa, ri-

kakkariya, karereya, rumd da,
bcdgache, kaririye intensive shiwa.
up bribe, tr. v. chidacheto*.
forms of kariya; to b.
brick, (made of mud) tubals
again dandaka intensive form n.

to b. off katse. ku7iku (S.), pi. kunkaye; a

of daka ;

to b. a horse hirga, hurga. grass used for making bricks

5.

to b. the law taka skari'a. ramno (S.), rauno (K.).

6.
bricks, to make, v. yin tubali.
breakage, aras, a sound as of
bride, n., specially applied to
b. garan-garan, kilin-kllin.
breakfast, n. kalachi, or karin the latest wife amariya ; the

kumallo (also = midday meal), state of a bride amarchi; the

friend of a b. kdwa.
kariyan azumi, sahur, suhur.
breaking, participial n. kari- bridegroom, n. ango, pi. an-
yewa. guna or angaye*; a feast for
breakwater, to hold water back a b. and his friends ambaru-
wa, sansambi; a dowry or a
by a b. datse a b. used for ,

gift given to a bride sadaki.

catching fisl» gando, tdshi{S.).
bridge, n. kadarko.
breast, 1. (bosom) kirji, pi.
kirijai, gaba. bridle, n. lizami, lizzami, li-
kiraza,
of mother or dam) zani, linzami ; a strap round
2. (b.
nono, nonuna, horse'shead fastened to b.
mama, pi.
inaraya-, a brassappendage
nonaye or nonna.
to a b. peluwa ; head of a
breath, shortness of, n. fuka ;
b. kwalkwada, kwalkwali.
to hold the b. dauki lumfashi.
l)rigand 35 brood
Tjrigand, n. ma/ashi pi. only, bringing, participial n. kawowa.
;

masu-tari. brinjal, (tomato) gauta,

l)right, adj./aW, fern, fara, pi. brink, n. baki, pi. bakuna.
farari or /aru/aru ; fari/at, brittleness, aras, gaushi, gau-
da tachi, tachache, pi. tacha- tsi.
chu or tatattu b. as silver broad,
; adj. fddi, da faski,
tangarai, the last also = un- bikiki, tafkeke,
clouded, broadcast, adv. a zube.
l^rightness, tachi, tdshi, brocade, n. dibajo, kambori*
iDrim, n. burbishi; up to the
white cotton b. samasadowa.
b./a?^, e.g. itwas filled to the broil, soya or suya.
tr. v.
b. ya haufau, ya tashifau. broiled, past part, soyayye or
l)rimstone, n. faral wuta, ki-
I

soyeye,
i
fern, soyayya, pi.
brit*, kaule*.
soyayyu.
bring,
I

tr. v.kawo, kayo, kai; zo broken, past ^d.vi. fasashe, pi.

constr. with da (lit. come fdsassu, kararre, matache *, or
I

with), e.g. he brought the

mafMche, fem. matachiya or
book ya zo da litafi spec, ; matatta, pi. matattu, e.g. a
modifications are to b. back b. vessel matattar kwariya,
(i.e. to restore) maida, iumbe;
mara^.
to b. forth fUo da; (to broken, to be b. up, v. war-
give birth to) haiji or hai/e ; I
wari, wariwari or wawa-
to b. forward (to adduce)
ri.
kai or kawo, e.g. b. proof
broker, n. dildli or dillali, dan
kai shaida, they would b.
baranda; to act as b. yin
forward a reason su kan
dildli, or yin dilanchi
kawo dalili; to b. near to
broker's commission, cf. seq.
the speaker, also simply b.
brokerage, n.
com- (fee or
here or b. near kawo ; to b.
mission as intermediary in
together gabato, ja7A)o to b.
; sales) la'ada, ladda; if the
up (to
nurse, educate) gwoiyo,
price paid is to be la'ada
reno; to b. up a child or
chiki (b. included) the seller
animal whose parent is dead
pays the b. (usually 5 p.c),
tallafi ; to take and b. tareyo
if la'ada waje (exclusive of
or tariyo; to b. together
b.) the buyer pays the b.
Jibche, jibta, iara.
brood, n. colL (offspring) diya,

3-2
 36 ^^1
brook
buck, n. prefix namiji, e.g. b.
in a wide or general sense
q.v. antelope namijin barewa; b.
iri, pi. irare,
pi. rafuna or goat bunsuru, pi. bunsurai;
brook, n. rafi,
water b. gwambaza ; reed b.
rafafuka.
tsintsiya; kxiji, keji, kwantarafi.
broom, mashari"^,
bucket, n. guga, pi. gugunay
see brush,
sweet b.-w. kwariyar guga; a leather b.
broom-weed,
wdsaki.
roma fada.
miya^ romuwa (S.), bucking, e.g. of a horse or
broth, n.
halu* b. made donkey tutsu, butsari.
romo (K.), ',

of dm'owa tree
buckle, n. maballi.
from fruit
bud, intr. v. yin gunda, yin.
daddawa^ daudawa.
as tofo, kumpsa*.
brother, n. dan-uwa ; used
regard in bud, n. gunda.
an expression of
buffalo, n., dwarf b. or bush-
addressing others (usually
cow bauna, pi. bakane, or
with suff. pron. tia) = brother
dan-uwana, baunaye kutunkun bauna.
;

or dear friend!
yan uwa, buffalo-horn, (plant) magari^
pi. yan-uwana or
elder b. wa, yar kura.
shikiki, shakiki ;

younger b. kdne, buffet, V. buga, dambe.

pi. yeye )
bug, n. kazunzumi, gazunzumi
pi. kannai, or kanne.
(S.), kudi.
brotherhood, kanenchi.
he build, tr. V. gina, kafa; the
brow, n. (forehead) goshi ;

former is also spec, applied

bent his b. or knit his brows
damre to construction of roads, the
(= he -frowned) ya
latter to that of roof etc.
\gi7itse or jirkiia) fuskassa.
with beams kasantada*. :

bruise, n. rauni, taryade.

tr. v. falfasa,
builder, magini.
bruise,
building, a, n. garu*.
brush, n. tsintsiya, abi/rt shara,
built, past part, ginanne, pi.
mashari.
to sweep with
ginannu.
brush, tr. V. (i.e.
bull, n. 1. (male of horned
a broom or b.) shao^a, share,
cattle) sa, bajimi (S.), bajini
shache, kabe to b. thoroughly
;

(K.), bijimi, bishimi, kinna :

kakkabe ; to b. the hair shafa

spec, large (castrated) b. bur-
gashi.
tumijurtumi ; b. for carrying
brushing, tsl/a.
 bullet 37 bush-cat

loads takarkari^ p]. takar- desire etc., the heart burned

karai. zuchiya ta kuna.
2. gen. (male of any large burning, particip. adj. mai-
animal) toro, pi. toranni, to- fura, konewa', b. disease kona
rone, e.g. bull elephant toron or kuna* a smell of b. ;

giwa; toro with omission of karni, kas7ii, kaur.

gitva is often specially applied burnous, alkyahba, pi. alk-
to the male elephant = ria- yabbu.
mijin giwa. burnt, past part, konanne, fem.
bullet, n. harsashe, pi. harsa- konanna, pi. konannu ; spec,
sai harsa (S. ), pi. harsashi,
; b. food, n. kamzo, kanzo ; b.
dutsim hindiga; see cart- all over, adv. kurmus*.
ridge. burrow, to raraka, raruke.
bulrush, shalla. burst, V. tr. and intr. fashe,
bunch, n. (e.g. a b. of flowers) pashe ; bursting out laughing
dame or dami, pi. ddmuna fashewa da dariya ; sounds of
or damraa, dunji. bursting (onomatopoeic) /«^s
bundle, ddme^ dam% dunji., to b. open tsiyayye (K.).
gwallo; to place in bundles bury, tr. v. bizne, bisne, birna,
yin jeni. bisa, bishe, binne*, turbude,
burden, n. kaya, pi. kayayaki. turumbude* ; spec, to b in
burdensome, adj., see heavy the earth as locusts do their
and troublesome. eggs turbude.
burial, abstr. n. hiso, bizni, burying-place, n. see burial-
birni.
place.
burial-cloth, native, n. zugu bush, n. spec, thorny b. kwab-
see winding-sheet. dodo, kaudodo, sarkakiya ;
burial-place, n. makwanche, thick-foliaged b. used as food
wurin bizne, wurin kushewa, sukuki* b. in the sense of
;

wurin kusheyi^ kusJieya. uncultivated forest land daji,

burn, V. 1. tr. kona, kone, kuna, rukuki ; b. in sense of scrub or
soya, suya, surya, toyi, towi, farm b. jeji, kunchi, kumchi.
toya, tuya; to b. up com- bush-buck, lesser b. or 'har-
pletely konkone, spec, to b. nessed antelope' (i.e. Trage-
with a hot iron lalas*. laphus scriptus) mazo, ganjar.
2. intr. kuna, kone fis. of ;
bush-cat, see cat.!
bush-cow 38 butt

bush-cow, or dwarf buffalo her feet and her eyes jikin

hauna, pi. hakane, haunaye. mache duk yi aVaura ya ke
business, n. 1. (trade, com- sai ko matakai sai ido those ;

merce) cJmiiki, shag all, pi. who love thee can but salute
shagulla (S.), or shagulgula again m,asowa naka sai kum,a
(K.), bukdta, sha'ani ; to do salmawa ; neg. there is no
b. yin shdgali; to do b. with health in it, nothing but
yin da. sickness babu lajiya chiki
2. gen. ( = concern) hukata] nata sai chiwuta ; there is
also, in neg. and interrog. often an idiomatic ellipsis

sentences, ruwa, e.g. no it is before sai, whole

e.g. the
b. of mine ba ruwana or habu was nothing but water
street
ruwana^ what b. is it of yours dukan kasuwa sai ruwa,.
ina (lit. where?) ruwankul nothing but blood sai jini ;

go about your b. ka tafi in this way is to be explained

abinka minding one's own
; the phr. sai lafiya, i.e. no-
b. sha'ani; mind your b. thing but well, i.e. quite
shiga sha'anlnka; he went well. The expr. bamda or
about his b. ya yi zamansa. banda may = English but, e.g.
3. (affair or thing) abu, e.g. put nothing in the pot but
a bad b. abin mugu. meat kada ku sa komi chikin
bustard, the lesser b. kadab- tukunya bamda nama where
kara^ kadafkara, sokara* sai nam,a would be equally
the greater b. tuji. correct.
busybody, mai-kwarmato. butcher, n. mafauchi, mahau-
but, 1. adversative conj. amma chi, pi. Tnahauta.

cfo is at times found where butcher, tr. v., i.e. to slaughter

the opposition is not (as with animals in technical sense
amma) and logical,
explicit yin fawa.
e.g. but are you able to do butcher-bird (shrike), bam-
this 1 da kana iya yin haka ? baini.

/ache*, balshe*, bari dai. butchery, n. tech. (slaughter-

2. exceptive prep, and conj. ing of animals) yai(;a.

sai,e.g. a woman's entire butt, intr. V. kdra, yin kdro^
body ought to be strictly tunkwiya, tunkuda, e.g. the
concealed 'but the soles of two goats are butting each
 butter 39 cake

other awaki su biyu suna buzz, n. amo ; b. of bees kugi^

tunkuda junansu or da juna. kogi.
butter, 11. 1. gen. whether buzz, intr. v. amo or yi7i amo.
animal or vegetable mai. by, 1. prep, instr. (with) da,
2. cow b. main shanu, e.g.he was struck by an
dunguli, dungule, turde; a arrow aka halbe shi da kibiya,
large leathern bottle for 2. prep. loc. (near) kusa,
holding b. giwan hasa. kusa da, or kusa ga, e.g. by
butterfly, n. hamota or bama- the shore of the pool kusa ga
wuta, kwalkwcda, kilikili, bakin gulbi ; (along by) baya,
kilkili ; the expr. litdfin A llah we walked by the town
e.g.

(writing of God), or dokin mun yi yawo bayan birni.

Allah (God's horse) is often 3. prep, distributive, e.g.
used to designate the butter- by fours fudu fudu, by tens
fly ; cf. tadawal Allah, malam goma goma.
hude litafinka. 4. adv. (near) kusa.
butter-tree, n. the shea-butter by-and-by, a7^ jima and zuwa
tree (Bassia Parkii) kadanya\ zuwa.
shea-butter, i.e. its thick byword, of. her character be-
butter-like oil, inain kadanya, came a b. halinta ya zama
main kade, or man kade. sara.
butting, n. kdro, tuni, tunk-
wiyi. cackle, intr. v. yin karkara.
buttock, n. gato. cackling, w.kyarkyara, kirkira.
button, n. makuhli or makulli, cactus, a prickly Euphorbia
pi. makuhlai, mabantari (K.), with c.-like habit and milky
mabantali (S.), mxjthallen riga, juice tinya, tunya, kyarana.
anini*. cadger, bakanchi, maichile,
buy, \\ saya, sayi, saye, sai ;
masha-chile.
to b. and bring back sayo cage, n. akurke, akurki, pi.
to be bought sayu. akurkai, gidan tsuntsuwa ;

buyer, n.mai-saye,^\. masu-saye. a cage for fowl (a hencoop)

buying, sayi espec. wholesale
; akurkin kaza.
b.faja; b. and selling saye cake, n., c. of rice or guinea-
da sayarwa, or saye da sa- corn waina (K.), tsala, tsaliya
yaswa. (K.), tswala (S.),ma5a(Zaria);
calabash 40 calm
'
p. of wheat flour and honey 1. (young of large ani-
calf, n.
fankasu c. of bean flour and
\ mal) da, connective dan, pi.
oil soto ; c. made from beans yaya or ya, connect, yayan
of the dorowa tree daddawa; or yan, coll. pi. diya, connect.
c. of oil, honey and rice or diyar.
wheat tsatsafa, hankuru, 2. (young of cow) mardki,
hakuru, kosai, shashaka. fem. mardka, pi. maruka or
calabash, n. gora, pi. gorina, ynarukka ; spec, a young
kwariya, burmi, gyandama, female c. karsana.
maburmi, muburmi spec, ; calf, n., i.e. of the leg dambubu,
small c. kumbu long-necked; tukatukai* (K.).
c. used as water-bottle kurtu, calico, n. alkdmura white ;

kortu ; c. finger-basin kwa- c. for making tobes maha-

chiya ; c. strainer rariya ; mudi, alawayo (S.).

a small c. placed in a water call, tr. V. (to summon) kira, ki-

pot to prevent water spilling raya, Mraye; to c. or summon
when carried magumki, gum- to where the speaker is, and
karuwa. also simply to c. kirawo to c. ;

calamity, n. (distress, adver- in the sense of to name kira

sity) tsiya, maslfaj maydta^ suna ; 'called,' i.e. named
wahala ; a c. (a distressing or entitled is expressed thus :

or adverse thing or event) a man called Bube want

abin muyu or mugun abu. 7nutuin sunansa Bube, a great
calculate, v. (to compute, man who was called the
reckon) yin kidaya, kilga, Madaki baba ana che da shi
kirga, yin lisafi. Madaki calling out, verbal
;

calculation, n. 1. (act of com- n. kira one who calls to

;

puting or reckoning) kidaya, prayer makiran salla.

kida, kididdiga. callous, dakanta.
2. (sum or amount reached calm, n. (absence of wind, still

bye.) kidaya, kida, kididdiga. weather) natsu, natso, natsu-

lisafi, the last commonly ap- wa, nitso, nitsuwa, also used
plied to accounts, bills, etc. fig. in the sense of relaxation
beyond c. (incalculable, in- or rest.
numerable) sun fi kidaya. calm, tr. v. (to appease) lal-

caldron, n. tukunya. lashi or lUlashi, sanyaya.

caltrop 41 capture

caltrop (plant), tsaidau, tsidau, cannibal, n. 1. jan-maye, mai-

dayi ; water c. gyadar ruwa. chin mutane.
calumniate, v. chim-haya, 2. c. people, or tribe yam-
rada*. yam^ nyamnyam.
calumny, n. chimbaya, rada. cannon, n. madafa*, agwa.
camel, n. rakumi, fern, rakuma, canoe, n. jirigi, abara^, jirgi,
pi. rakumma ; the female c. pi. jirage ; c. cover rumpa^
taguwa, pi. taguwai, tagu- komi* (S.), rum/a ; c. paddles
woyi spec, large male c.
;
filafile or fulafule
paddle ; c.
amale a two-humped camel
; used as a rudder matuki ; a c.
uturkumami, f. aturkumama; pole gwangwala*, kwangwala.
s, running c. jeraya ; the canoe, to paddle a c, v. tuka,
constellation of the C. ta- the participial n. of which is
gmva. tukatva.
camp, n. 1. (halting ground canter, n. hammadanchi.
of travellers etc.) zango, pi. canter, intr. v. zugurubtu,
zanguna. kwakkwafa,
jigeribti, jigribti,
2. (in the military sense) cantle, of a saddle kwachiar
sansani ; camping-place, n. baya.
ivui'in sabka or sapka. cap, n. tagiya ; spec, a white
camphor, n. kdfur. c.worn inside fez fula, pi.
camwood, majigi. fuluna a blue or black
; c.
can, auxiliary v. iya, aho samu; /ula saki ; c. of red cloth
he could not enter ba ya with tassel (fez) fuladdara,
samu ya shiga ;with passives fulandara, faladara ; a c.
a iya may be employed, e.g. with two flaps to cover the
it cannot be lifted ba a iya
ears hdbal kdda.
a dauke shi. cape, made of palm fibre
cancel, to c. an agreement kabido, kabudo.
warware. capsicum, barkono.
cane, n. 1. gora, pi. gorina; capture, tr. v. 1. (to catch or
spec, water-cane burgu sort take, of prisoners,
; slaves)
of bamboo c. kwangi, kwagiri; kama, kankaraa^ same.
sugar c. takanda, rake. 2. (to conquer, get dominion
2. (walking-stick) sanda, over a city or people) c^^, e.g.
pi. sanduna, kulki. he conquered the people, the
caracal 42 carrier

king was captured ya chisu means of prep, da^ e.g. he

oka kama sariki to c. and ; cared nought for his reproof
bring back chiwo. hai kula da foronsa ha.
caracal, (lynx) dage. careful, adj. (\\Qediu\)mai-han-
caravan, n. ayari ; the chief kali ; be c. ! hdtara, hutara.
of a head-man of a
c. jaji; carefully, adv. 1. (heedfully,
c, who walks behind it ma- prudently) da hankali.
dugu, pi. madugawa; guide 2. (attentively) sdrai, e.g.
or forerunner of a c. jdgdba look c. duba sd^^ai.

or shugaha ; the tax paid by careless, adj. (imprudent) ma-

a c. for permission to travel ras-hankali, bizki ;
(inatten-
kurdin boda, /dto, /ito ; a tive to work) mai-lalachi.
collection of caravans kd/ar carelessly, adv. babu hankaliy
fatake. da lalachi, da lala/anchi, da
carcass, n. gawa^ pi. gawa- sakafchi; to act c. through
waki. absence of mind shagalchi.
card, to c. cotton shlha. carelessness, n. 1. (want of
cardinal-bird, the scarlet care) sakafchi.
muluji, maluji. 2. (indifference, idleness)
cards, playing c. yaya*. lalachi, lala/anchi.
care, n. 1. (heed) ruwa in neg. caress, n. lalaba.

and inter rog. clauses, e.g. caress, v. yin lalaba.

what c. of mine is it? ina cargo, n. kaya.

ruwanal hankali, which also carpenter, n. mdsassaki, pL

has the sense of forethought. masassaka ; shop of a c. ma-
2. (anxiety) matamache*^ saka.
e.g. the cares of the world carpet, n. kilishi*.

matamachen duniyan nan carriage, karusa*.

see sorrow. carrier, n. gen, mai-daukan
care for, v. (heed, regard) kaya ; spec, hired c. dan
tvaiwaya, kula or yin kUla, aldro ; head or chief c. sarikin
tara, tsere ; to c. for (to pay aldro ; a trader who carries
attention to and so beware his goods head dangu-on his
of) tuna, yin hankuri ; all rum/a, bojuwa, bujuwa, mai-
of these verbs except the kaya ; money paid to carriers
first govern an object by su/uri, su/urchi; an epithet
carrion 43 catch

applied to a carrier who keeps young hari ; cf. hai/uwa hari

putting down his load mai- still-born ; see calculate.
hari. castigate, tr. v. 1. (punish)
carrion, mdsai^ mosai, mushe. fallasa, pallasa.
carry, tr. v. kai, shidi, the 2. (beat) huga, bubbuga.
latter constr. withda ; to c. castigation, n. 1. (punishment)
in shiga da, shigo da (lit. to fallasa, pallasa.
enter with), nothing shall be castor-oil, (plant) zurma.
carried tied up into the town castrated, tauri*.
of Zaria ha a shigo da komi a castration, fidiya, pidia.
hirni; to c. on (transact) yi \ casualty, see accident.
to c. off tafi da to c. through
; cat, n.muzuru, muzulu,7nazuTU
(accomplish) iyas, iyas da. m., fem. kaiiwa or kyanwa,.
cartridge, harsa, harsashi; c. pi. kyanwuria,kyanwai,mdgey
case kamsir, kurfi, kwanso, mussa, micsa, pi. mussoshi,
kwasfar harsashi ; see bullet. mussai (S.) ; spec, tortoise-
case, n. (receptacle, cover) gida, shell or spotted c. tsawarwara;.
e.g. needle-c. gidan alura tabby bush c. tsara ; civet-c.
spec, leathern c. for holding jibda, mdgen muzu- tantal,
a book gdfaka, gufaka. run juda, muzurun tantal.,
case, n. 1. (state or condition) kyanwar tantal, tunkun jibda ;.

zarna. African palm civet or genet

2. (event, thing) ahu, e.g. madadashi wild c. jimolo,
;

a bad c. (i.e. a bad business) baudari, tunku, wazagi (S.)

mugun abu. serval-c. rabji, rabi*, robe'^y
cassava, rogo. inyawara.
cast, tr. V. jefa, jefi, jefo ; to cataract, n. (or corneal ulcers)
c. aside yas da, yadda, yashe hakiya or hekiya, tsauriya,.
to c. out (throw out) je/a da, tsawuriya.
je/as, jefas da, je/sa*,jefshe*; catch, tr, V. kama, ruski, chdfa,.
(to expel as from the mind, chafe, sarbe to c. a cold,
;

the throne, etc.) Jidda, Jita e.g. I caught cold sanyi

with da, fishe, e.g. he was c. ya kama ni (lit. the cold
(or driven ) out akajitad da shi caught me) to c, up chika, ;

or aka fishe shi ; to c. up (to da catching chdfiya to c.

; ;

reckon), yin lisafi to c. the intr. (of a fire) habaka.

caterpillar 44 cemetery

caterpillar, hairy, n. gizdka, him to sleep ya sa shi shi

gisaka, kisdka*, tsutsa, gama- kwanche or ya maida shi shi
toro an edible c. tsarna a
; ; kwanche.
light green c. wutan ganye. causeless, adj. babu sababi,
•cat-fish, gondo (S.), kulume, kakarai.
mari, kurungu; electric c.-f. caution, n. (prudent care)
(Malapteruruselectricus)mm- hankali.
jiriya (K.), mijiriya (S.). cautious, n. da hankali to ;

cattle, n. coll. dabha or dabbo, be c. yin hankali.

pi. dabboni or dabbobi; (cows) cavalry, n. barde, pi. barade
shanu ; c. disease bingiri; c. with shields garki or gari-

humped c. jdba-jdba ; c.-shed kine ; collection of c. kangar*.

garke, gerke, garge (S.) ; a cave, n. kogo^ pi. koguna, ma-
place for feeding c. makiyaya; raya*.
a Fulani c. camp rugga. cease, intr. v. daina or dena,
caught, particip. adj. (of a e.g. she did not c. ba ta daina

lire) gasashe, fern, gasashiya, ba, tr. she ceased crying ta

pi. gasasu ; to get c. in falling daina kuka the rain ceased
;

sage. ruwa ya dauke.

caul, Hgar haifuwa. ceaselessly, adv. kul yaushe.
cause, n. 1. (origin or ground) ceil, tr. V. ydba, ydbe.
gutsu, sabdbi, sanadi ; with- ceiled, particip. adj. yababbe,
out c. babu sabdbi. fem. yababba, pi. yababbu.
2. (reason adduced in proof ceiling, damren-guga, dauren-
or explanation) dalili, sabili, guga.
hamzari, e.g. they give a c. (i.e. celebrate, tr. v. (to praise,
a reason for confidence) and honour) yin yabo.
an excuse su kan kawo dalili celebrated, particip. adj. yab-
da huja hence often applied
; abbe,iem. yababba, pi. yababbu.
to texts from the Koran. celebrity, n. yabo.
cause, tr. v. sa, ba or bada, celestial, adj. mai-sama, spec.
maida, yi, rataya*, tdsdda* ; applied to God.
these are construed as follows cement, (used in making roofs)
I caused him to laugh na ba babarkiya, katsi.
shi dariya^ he caused me to cemetery, n., see burial-
fear ya ba ni tsoro, he caused place.
centipede 45 change

centipede, n., a harmless c. chafe, intr. v. (to feel irritated)

shanshani, soiisoni*, pi. shan ji7i haushi ; he chafed at this-

shame, aimaka (S.), daidaya) ya ji haushin wannan.

see millipede, chaff, n. dusa (K.), dussa (S.)^
centre, n. tsdka, tsdkiya ; spec, kaikai, soshiya, kona ; small
c. of the inside of thatch piece of c. tsinki.

roof kwando. chagrin, n. haushi.

certain, adj. 1. (assured, true) chain, n. sarka, salka, pL
words maga-
e.g. c. (i.e. true) sarkuna or sarkoki ; coll.

na tabbatachiya; are you c. ? chains sasdri ; c. armour

ka tabbata ? ka tabbata or ka
shaida ; to be c. sakankanche, chair, n. kujera, kushera*.
tdbata, tdbache ; to make c. chalk, n. aljibus, alzibus ; chalk
yin tabbas, wajabta. or white earth used for
2. (one, some) wani, fern. bleaching thread alii.

wata, wota, pi. wadansu, chamber, n. daki, pi. dakuna;

wansu, wasu, wosu \ cf. a 2.; very small c. or closet lolokiy
to express a e. person known pi. lolokai.

but unnamed ( = so-and-so) chamberlain, n. madaki, ma-

kaza^ e.g. a c. person passed daiki.
mutum kaza ya louche. chamber-pot, shdda.
certainly, adv. da gaskiya, chameleon, n. hawainiya (K.),
an che, hakika, Idbudda, la- hawaniya, hanwawa (S.).

buddi, tabbas, takar (K.) ; c. champion, gamzo.

is expressed also by means chance, n., see accident,
of tabbata, e.g. he is c. there opportunity,
ya tabbata rian, babu shakka. chance, impers. v., it chanced
certainty, n. gaskiya. ya faru.
certificate, n. Idya*. change, v. 1. tr. and intr.
certified, particip. adj. shai- sauya, sawaya, sawoya.
dadde, fem. shaidadda, pi. 2. tr. maida, maishe, mu-
shaidaddu. saya, musayi, musaye ; to c.

certify, v. hakikanta. one's mind sake shawara,

cesspit, n. saiga, ^\. salgagi. sake, saki.

Chad, pr. n." of lake, Tsada or 3. intr. may as da, riklda,

ruwan Tsada; see Benu6. jirkita, the last referring to
change 46 charm

any c. of position whether 2. (good repute) suna

he ;

material or figurative; e.g. bears a high sunansa na- c.

he changed his body ya sauya gari ne ; see fame.

or sawaya jikinsa,I changed 3. to have a certain c. is

to a moslem na sauya rnu- expressed by means of the v.

sulmi, the king has changed tarika, e.g. he is a quarrelsome
(the value of) the Spanish c. (he is always quarrelling)

ya maida kurdin
dollar sariki ya tarika fada.
madafa, my master changed characteristic, n. hdli, pi.

my wages ubangijina ya sake hdlaye ; theft is a c, of the

ladana, I am changing into thief sata hdlin barawo.
some creature or other ina charcoal, n. 1. gawayi, pi.

rikida wani abii, I changed gawaye, not used of burning

myself into a bird na rikida c. for which cf. 2.

tsuntsuwa, they changed 2. burning c. garwashi,

sides sun swaba juna. pi. garwashosJii.
change, n., e.g. of money kwaro, 3. charcoal- tree, a small
cMko (alteration) jirkita.
;
tree from which is
kiriya,
changed, particip. sauyaye, made smith's c. garwashin
fem. sauyaya, pi. sauyayu kiriya.
sakakke, fem. sakakkiya, pi. charge, v. 1. (to load) chlka
sakakku; rikidadde, fem. riki- or dora, they have e.g.

daddiya, pi. rikidaddu. charged their guns suka dora

changing, participial n. sa-

kiwa, sauyi, jirkitawa, for 2. (to command) hakumche,

the application of the latter hakumta.
cf. jirkita under change. 3. (to rush on, to attack)
chapping, e.g. of skin fdso. fadi ga or) a bisa.
(bisa, bisa

chapter, n. (division of a book) charity, alms.

n., see
kai, sura*, pi. surori*, e.g. charm, n. 1. gen. whether
the tenth c. kai na-goma or written or of any other kind
sura ta-gonia. mdgani, Idya, pi. lawaye,
character, n. 1. (disposition) layu hatumi, katumi*, saka-
;

hali, e.g. such is his c. halinsa tubu*, bara, talili ; sunan

shi ke or halinsa ke nan ;
Allah (lit. the name of God),
tabi'a, dahi'a. this is used of various charms
charmer 47 chief

which are written on a smooth cheat, n. 1. (fraud) kura, riba,

board, the ink from which is rikichi,
washed oflf and swallowed. 2. who cheats) machi
(one
2. spec, a c. to promote a kura, machiya kura tnai-
pi. ;

successful deal tsdrdka ; stone chin kura mai-^^iba, pi. masu-

;

c. for woman's neck kandu riba or mai-riba da kura;

or kandun ido ; c. against mai-zambachi, mai-zarnhata.
injury in war layan sahani; cheat, V. chin kura, chin riba,
an inverted c. placed in a rikiche, rinta, zambache, zam-
field as a charm against bata, sdfa (S.), zantara.
thieves kwanda, kunda, tsdji cheating, n. kui-a, hayinchi
love chsivaxstsihbn, raantawa* see prec.
c. to render anyone invisible check, V. 1. (reprove) kwaba.
Idyar zana; c. to ward off 2. (hinder, restrain) hdna.
arrows sha hara, Idyar sahani ; cheek, n. kumchi, pi. kumatu ;

injurious c. saminu or savnmo hair on the cheeks saje; a man

see also tira. with fat cheeks dan kumatu.
charmer, snake-, n. gardi, cheer, v. bada murna, yin
pi. gardawa, turde, pi. tur- murna.
daiva. cheese, n. chukumara, chuku.
charms, 1. to write c. tsubbu; cheetah (or hunting leopard),
one who writes c. mai-tsubbu ;
rabbi, gundumau*.
one who utters deadly c. chew, V. tr. tamna, tona, tauna,
maita. tsuke, tuke, e.g. we are chew-
2. (female attractions) see ing kola-nut muna tamna
beauty. goro.
chase, n. (hunting) yarawto. chewed, particip. tamnanne,
chase, v. 1. (to hunt) yin fern, tamnaana, pi. tarn-
farauta. nannu.
2. (to drive away) kore. chewing, n. tamna, tsiko (K.),
chaste, adj. tsari.
tsuku.
chattels, urula. chew-stick, (i.e. name of trees)
cheap, adj.da araha, da arha marke, marike, tafashiya,
;

it is c. shina da araha a c. chicken,

; n. dan tsdko, tsiyako,
sale gwanjo. pi. yan tsdko.
cheapness, n. araha, arha. chief, n. bagare, pi. garewa,
child 48 circling

haha, e.g. he is their c. shi China, n. geogr. ^S'm*.

ne babansu, also in sense of chip, to c, e.g. with a hammer

a c, a great man sariki, ; kwarsana.
often in the sense of head or chisel, n. kurufi*,furufi*.
president of any body, trade choice, zabe, zabi, 'zabantakay.

etc. ; ido (lit. eye) is used zabanchi.

in poetry thus, behold Bello, choke, tr. and intr. v. mdkure ;.

chief over his kingdom duba to cause to c. sumanchey

ga Bello idon malki nai sunanche.
turcari* ; see under fadawa. choking, due to swallowing
child, n. 1. (son or daughter) anything, n. mdkura, kwdra*.
da, connect, dan^ fem. diya^ choose, V. zaba, zabe spec, to ;

pi. yaya^ yayaye and ya, c. out one or more pieces i

connect, yan. of anything (to select) wari. \

2. (young person) yaro, pi. chosen, 1. pass. v. zabu.

yara. 2. particip. zababbe, fem.
3. a very young c, an zababba, pi. zababbu.
infant up to one year of age Christian, a, n. annasdra, also-
jariri, jarili, yarili, jinjiri ; used as coll. pi. Christians;
spec. c. carried on a woman's to become a C nasaranta.
back bumbu, goyo, goiyo ; a Christianity, n. addinin an-
c. which dies soon after birth nasara.
dan wabi. church, i.e. a place of worship^
with c, see pregnant,
4. n. masallachi, pi. masallataL
childhood, n. yarinta, yaran- chum, V. burka, burga^ tunk-
chi (K.), yaranidka (S.), wiya nono.
kurichiya, kuruchiya. churning, tuguwa*.
childishness, n. halin yaro, cicatrice, n. tambo, tabo.
halin kankanta, kuruchiya or cigarette, stump of a guntun
kurchiya. taba.
chill, n. funturu, especially cinders, n. garwashi, pi. ga/r-
that felt at night, washoshi ;
garwashin wuta,
chillies, barkono. circle, n. bukdri*, kawanya
chin, n. hdba, pi. hdbobi ; double (K.).
c. maror or malolo ; the circling, of a bird over its
lower part of the c. leke (S.). prey jewa,
 circuit 49 clean

\ circuit, to make the c. of, tr. clan, n. dangi, pi. dangogi,

V. kewaye, kewayi, yin kewaye', iri, pi. irare.
see under round. clang, the c. of metal on metal
circumcise, v. yi7i kdchiya or kyang.
yanke kdchiya, sdlasdd da{^.). clap, V. (to strike the hands
circumcision, n. kdchiya, sala- together in applauding etc.)
suiva, sha. td/a or yin taji (K.), yin tabi
circumspectly, duhanaii du- (S.), ban hannu.
banan, lekanan lekanan. clapping, tafi, tabi (S.).
cistern, large, n. bingi, kurkud- clarify, by straining, tr. v.
duji, kunduddufi or kudud- tachi.
duji; a c. for collecting rain- clasp, n. kugiya.
water kwiyaka, kuyaka. clasp, V. (to embrace) rungume.
citizen, n. dan-gari, pi. yan- claw, n. of an animal, akaija^
gari. dagi.
city, n. birni, pi. birane or claw, to yayctga; see scratch,
birnuwa, used of large and clay, n. yimbu, yumbu, yambu,
walled towns, while gari, pi. e.g. they are built of c. an
yaruruwa, garuruka and ga- gina su da yimbu ; a lump of
rigaru, is applied to less im- c.burugushe* or burbushi*
portant and to country towns. a yellow c. used as a dye for
civet-cat, n. jibda, juda (K.), women's faces ddla white c. ;

magen tantal ; frankincense |

karmatako, karmantako (K.);
obtained from the c. htrare. I

a hard c. soil kekuiva.

civil-war, basasa. clean, adj. 1. gen. sdrai,
\
of
claim, n. alhaki, e.g. the c. of wheat chari or tsari.
one defrauded. 2. (ceremonially and so also
claim, tr. v. (to demand as morally c, pure) halal, halas,
one's own) nema, e.g. I claim j
tsari or chari.
my own ina nema abin nawa; \ clean, tr. v. e.g. with water
to claim a debt bim bashi ; I
darwaye, dariwaye*, kwdla,
cf. bi. kwarkware (S.) ; of the hair,
clamour, n. (loud outcry) ku- garments etc. tsabta, cf. wanke;
riiruwa, dilmi, surutu (S.). (to scrape off, c. off) gogi, goge'^
clamour, v. (to cry aloud) yin to c. from husks surfe, surfa ;
kururuwa. (to render c.) yin saraij
R. H. D.
4
cleaned 50 clock

maida, sarai, gyarta; to c. cleave, tr. v. (to cut with a

the teeth kivalkwale ; to c. blow) sare.
raw cotton sMha. cleave to, to, intr. v. rike,
cleaned, particip. gyartache^ like, rika, kakka/e, riki,
fern, gyartatta, pi. gyartattu ddfe.
wankakke, fem. wankakka, pi. clerk, akawu.
wankakku; c. from husks etc., clever, adj. 1. i.e. in an art or
of rice, shanshere, surfaffe. profession gwani, goni, pi.

cleaning, of cotton sMhi. gwanaye, gwannai.

cleanliness, n., of the person, 2. gen. (astute or cunning)
clothes etc. tsahta, tsapta. shaitan, i.e. as c. as Satan,
cleanness, n. karari esp. in ; cleverly, adv. (cunningly) da
a religious or moral sense fear- wayo.
ki, tsalki ; cf. seq. cleverness, n. 1. (in an art
cleanse, tr. v. (of the heart) etc.) gwaninta.
tsarkaka or charkaka. 2. gen. azanchij hudi, hiki-
clear, adj. 1. (of liquids, the ma, fahimta.
sky etc.) da tachi, tangarai, click, made with tongue or
tangaran ; the sun looks like teeth, a sign of vexation
clearing gari yaishirinsarari, kwafa, kyache (S.).
2. (manifest, plain) zahiri, climb, V. hawa or hau, e.g. he
sdrai, kwarai. climbed the hill ya hawa
3. (pure, irreproachable) dutsi or ya hawa hisa dutsi.
tsari or chari. c\itoiC\^,Jilaniya, tsele.

clear, tr. v., to c. ground before cloak, n. alkyabha, pi. alkyahbu^

ploughing, sdsabe. riga*.
clear, to make, tr. v. (to ex- cloak, tr. v. 1. (to put on a c.)

plain) waye, e.g. this matter sa alkyabba.

is difficult, I wish you to 2. (to conceal) ru/e, riiji or
make it c. to me abin nan da ri/e.

wuya ina so ka waye mini. clock, n. sa'a, lotu*, loto*.

clearing, c. ground for sowing Hausas who are acquainted
za/a (S.). with clocks express '
o'clock
clearly, adv. (manifestly, ob- thus, three o'clock sa'a uku
viously) sdrai, kwarai. half past eight o'clock sa'a
clearness, tachi. takwas da shashi; karife is
 clogs 51 cloth
also used in describing the
with white stripes gwanda
;
time, as the hours are often I

a white c. with red stripes

marked by beating iron, thus, yorori (K.) ; a black and red
I

what time is it now ? karife kudi; a

c. c. with alternate
nawa ne yanzu ; it is two strips oftwo colours luru a ;
o'clockya yi karife biyu. variegated c. zaura, zawara or
clogs, wooden dan garafai (S.). idon zaura; variegated c. used
close, V. 1. tr. sdda; to c. a for turbans barmushi ; a kind
door, box etc. rufe, rufi or of velvet c. yapki, karamiski,
rife^ like ; to c. the fist tan- kadamiski; a red c. shali
kwashe; to c. a hole done, a white native c. aljinti, dimi*
^
danne, ddne the door is ;
zauwati ; a c. that has no seam
closed (also in fig. sense) an in it liwdsa ; woollen c. mu-
rufe kofa. lufi or maluji; a brocade c.
2. to c. with, used of a worked with gold inside
bargain or agreement yarda. dibajo; (a piece of c. used
CSlose by, adv. kusa, daura da, in various senses and spec. =
duhbara da, dahda, da/da, Engl, 'a cloth') a loin c.
dabrada. bante, banche, pi. bantuna
blosed, particip. (fastened up) a shoulder c. leki ; a small
girkakke, fern, girkakkiya, pi.
piece of c, a c. kalkafi a
-,

girkakkw, cf. phr. the road woman's c. zdne, pi. zannuwa

is c. ha7iya ta mutu. or zanna, gyauto (K.);
c.
ploset, bayan gida, makewaye gusset in a tobe shiga; a strip
;

(small room) loloki, pi. lolo- of c. zugii ; a piece of c. made

kai.
of about twenty strips wawa ;
^Oth, n., spec, names of stuffs a roll of c. turumi ; long strip
are blue
c. shudi ; blue,
:
of c. ausagi ; a single thick-
shiny c. turkudi, ^l.turkudda; ness of c. palle; a double
c. formed of blue and
\
white thickness of c. ribe, ribi, rubi;
; strips keke; native blue or a narrow strip of c. fari a
;
black c. with silkinwoven blue pepper and salt pattern
ridi; black striped c. from c. zabako, saki, swaki] a
;

narrow
Ilorin bunu; a black and silken line in c. barage ; a
white women's c. zalwani a breadth of
; c. between two
coarse white c. gwado a
; c. seams chiki ; a professional
4—2
 52 cocoa-nut
cloth-measure
rose in clouds kura ta tur-
c. hammerer muhugu, mu-
mabugi; see also nike.
hugi,
mai-san- cloudy, adj. expr. by da with
barbaro, hamakuku,
prec, e.g. da lumshi.
da-orchi-goriba.
cloth-measure, n. cubit kdmu; cloven, particip. rababbe, fem.
rababba, pi. rababbu.
8 kdmu = l zmie, the last
cloves, n. coll. kanumfari,
about 15 ft.; a short length
kanun/ari, hanchin kade
of cloth kyalle.
clothe, tr. V. sitira, sutura and <^-^-
,
club, n. gwami, guduma, pi.
1 •

sitirta, iu/ata,tufasad da;

to put on or upon),
gudumai; a c. for throwing
sa (lit.
kere.
e.g.to put on one's clothes
coal, n., see charcoal,
sa riguna ; e.g. the brokers
coat, n. 1. riga.
who have made unjust profits
gar- of mail made of cloth
shall be clothed with 2. c.

ments of fire dillalaifa masu- and padded with cotton, wool,

ma su etc. lifidi; a white cloth c.
riba da kura a sa
gwado.
riguna wuta.
n. {i.e. clothing) iu- coaxing, lalldshi, rarrashi.
clothes,
tufa as well as cobra, (Naia nigricolis) he-
fuwa; coll.
riguna; spec, machi, kumurchi, kwamachi,
its pi. tufafi;
sutura, sitira, kwamarchii aarikin machizai.
beautiful c.

fine, ex- cobweb, zaren gizo, tautauchi^

haiba*, abin rufa;
kambi* old c. yana.
pensive c. ;

cock, n. 1. (male of poultry)

keso, tsumma, ragga (S.).

e.g. fine c, beauti- zakdra, pi. zakdru ; mai-chara^

clothing, n.,

prec.
mai-chara.
ful c. ; cf.
habaka 2. to express precisely the
cloud, n. habaki*, pi. ;

moving male of birds miji or namiji

special names are:
girgije, girigiji (hen mache) must be used
c. gilgije,
where the gender is not
small white, still clouds lum-
a denoted by different words.
shi; a c. that produces
jitau cockroach, n. kyankyaso, ka-
shower zirnaniya,
gajimare, gashi- fata.
clouds coll.
cocoa-nut palm, kivakwa\
mare* ; to rise in clouds like
the dust attagara.
smoke turnike;
 coerce 53 combing
coerce, tr. v. 1. (restrain) collar, n., spec, a padded cloth
hdna. collar used in war to protect
2. see to force, the back of the neck dagumi
coffee, n. gahawa, gahiva. to seize a person by the c.

cogitate, v. tima, the obj. of dagurtie.

thought is constr. with da or collar, to make a kalmdsa,
ga. kahnisa (S.), kalmashe.
cogitation, n. tunane. collar-bone, alan gaba, alan
cohabit with, v. gamu da kafadaj.
mache. collect, V. 1. tr. tdra, tarshe,
CoiJGfure, a helmet-shaped c. jibche, jihta to c. a ; spec,
worn by women kitso. debt hiyo hashi, dauki bashi.
coil, intr. v. ndde intr. and ; 2. intr. taru, an tara.
refl. to c. up nddu. collected, particip. tararre,
cold, n. 1. ddH^ sanyi, sansan- fem. tararra, pi. tararru.
ya I feel the
; c. or I feel c. collection, n. (of men and
ina jin ddri. things) taro or taru, pi. ta-
2. (catarrh) ddri, nidjina, rori ; tsibi ; chushe.
macassara* mura, sanyi, e.g.
y collector of taxes, n. jakdda*,
I have caught c. or a c. ddri jekdda*.
(or sanyi) ya kama ni ; a man colloquy, n. zanche.
with a c. in the head mai- colour, n. la^mi, pi. launoni,
shako (S.). launoka, rini or rina, jin si
3. spec. c. felt at night (S.) ; blue c. shuni or ju7ii*.
funturu. coloured, particip. turarre*,
4. the c. ^QBiBon funturu. fem. turan^a*, pi. turarru*.
cold, adj. ddri, da ddri, da colt, n. dan dukushi or dan
sanyi; it is c. ya yi ddri; dukuslii.
e.g. c. water ruwan ddri, comb, n. masarchi, mashachi,
ruwan sanyi, sanyin ruwa, matsefa, matseji, masoshi, shata.
they are c. suna da ddri ; to comb, c. of a cock tsoro.
be stiff with c. sandare. comb, tr. V. gyarta, tsefe, tsatsefe,
colic, tsamki. shata or shache, tsefi, e.g. I
collapse, V. to afka, auka, abka. am combing the hair of my
collapse, I collapsed na fadi head ina shata gashin kaina.
reran, or na fadi warwar. combing, tslfa.
come 54 common
Com.e, intr. v. zo (used with ;
comfortable, to feel, intr. v.
pronominal forms ending in jin dadi, jin dadin zuchiya ;
no) zuwa, zaka tafo or taho*, ; he felt c. rai ya kwanta.
e.g. c. to me zo or ta/o ma comforted, to be, (feel con-
ni, but when used to invite soled) jiyi sanyi, I am c.

attention or cooperation 2/«^«, zuchiyata tana jin dadi.

fern, yaki, e.g. c. ! let us sit COm.ing, participial zuwa, n.

down and converse together zowwa, zakuwa; back ko- c.

yaka mu zamna rau yi zanche mowa ; c. here tafowa they ;

tare we came to a city mu-

; are c. here S2i7ia tafowa.
ka zaka ga wani birni. Some command, n. (order) hakumchi^
idiomatic combinations of c. hukumchi, abin hakumta, abin
with preps, etc. are : to c. liakurachi, kaliye, UTnarni.
about or to c. to pass /aru command, v. hdkumta, hd-
to c. at isa, ishe, iske ; to c. kumche, yin umarni, umar-
back dawo, dawayo^ komo, che.

birkito; to c. by or acquire, commander, n. (leader, chief)

obtain samo ; to c. down baba, e.g. tell me the name

shida, shide, sabka ; to c. in of their c. ka fadi ma 7ii

shigo \ to c. out fUo and sunau babansu.

(with pronominal forms end- commandment, n., see com-

ing in n«) firjitowa ; to c. mand.

out from fUo ; to c. quickly commence, v., see begin.
sheko ; to c. to gabdto ; c. commend, see approve of
here to me gabdtoni ; to c. commission, 1. a c. to pur-
towards iso, jirgo ; to c. up chase saftu, sabtu, sautu, sako,
ta^o ; to c. up with tarda, dolashi.
taras da. 2. broker's c, see broker-
comfort, n. 1. (satisfaction) age.
dadi, dadin ziichiya. 3. (order) izni.
2. (consolation) hankuri, commit, v. 1. (to do, to per-
hakuri, ha7ikura or Jiakura, petrate) committed
yi, he
sanyi or sanyin zuchiya. theftya yi sata; one who
comfort, tr. V. bc(da hankuri, commits adultery mai-yin
sanyaya^, e.g. he comforted zina.
them ya bada ma su hankuri. common, adj. 1. (shared in
 companion 55 completed

•y all) duka. their him ida7i ya ki a sa shi tilas;

common good fortune arziki seecompulsion, force,
iia su duka. compensate, to ramka.
2. (defiled) haram. compensation, ramko, rdmu-
companion, n. kama pi. kft- tea.

iiiannu, ahoki, dan-uwa* a c. \ competition, takara.

of the same age tsara ; a play complain, v. kururuta, kai
c. taubashi, ahokin wasa. kdra.
companionship, n. tsaranclie, complainant, mai-kawonkdra,
guji (S.), abuta. makari.
company, n. taro or taru^ pi. complaint, n. 1. (loud ex-
tarori, jama'a in c. (together)
; pression of grief, pain, etc.)
tare ; in c. with tare da. kururuiva.
compare, v. misalto. 2. (sickness) chiwo, chiwuta
kwatanta. or chuta.
2. to c. by measuring 3. (a grievance, a cause of

,
ytcalgwada or (jwargwada^ c.) kdra ; and so
'

givargwado. 4. (accusation, a legal term)

compass, iron, n. bukari*. kdra, sara*, abin sara.
compass (mariner's), for points complaisance, bajinta ; to
j
of see husuruiva. comply with yin bajinta.
compassion, n. tausai or complement, n. chlko, abhi chi-
, tausayi, jdje, jaijaito*,jinkai, kafca, yayalwachi*, kishiya*.
i
sauna ; to feel c. jin (or gin) complete, adj. 1. chikakke, fem.
tausayi. chikakka, plur. chikakku,
compassionate, the, (of God) fdfafdta.
errahimi*. 2. (of number) ba gaira,
compel, V. gin tilas, sa tilas, e.g. a c. hundred dari ba
tilasa, tilas da, dolata, tan- gaira, lit. a hundred without
i
ktvasa, yin wofi, e.g. you c. deduction.
me kana yin tilas or kana sa complete, tr. v. gdma, hdda*,
I
ni tilas, I was compelled to Ida, kdrasa ;
(to bring to an
'
work an sa ni tilas aiki, I end) kare.
compelled the fellow na tilasa complete, to be, intr. chika
I
mutum, I was compelled an cf. seq.

tilas da ni, if he refuses c. completed, to be, chika, kare]

 56 concubine
completely
fem. rufaffa, pi rufaffu]\
often used at end of composi-
the boyayye, fem. boyayya, pi.
tions, stories, etc., e.g.
waka ta chika. boyayyu.
song is c.
concealment, n. boya, boye-
completely, atattare, kap.
wa; c. of defects in goodj
completion, n. cMkatva note ;

offered for sale tadilisi place

of c. placed at end of com-
;

of c. maboya, wurin boyewa ;

position iyaka.
(of an see ambush,
compose, tr. v. 1.
agree to)
concede, tr. v. 1. (to
author) tvaUafa, yi.

settle or decide a
yarda.
2. (to
yield up) bari, bar.
2. (to
dispute) soda, raba.
conceit, fddi7i kai, hini (S.),
comprehend, v. (to under-
homa{K.), tashinkai,fariya;
stand) yin fahimta, ji.
see pride,
compress, tr. v-. matse, matsi,
conceive, tr. v. 1. (of thought)
mache, dankara*.
to be, intr. and tammaha, tamaha.
compressed,
2. (of the female sex) haifrh
pass, matsu.
under samu chiki.
compulsion, abin tilas ;
and
concern, n., see affair
c. tilas, da tilas ) it was a
ya shiga. business,
case of c. tvofi
concerned about, be, v. kula
compute, v., see calculate,
ka- constr. with direct ace. or
comrade, n. kama*, pi.

abokai, with da or ga* ruwa used ;

mannu*, aboki, pi.

with subst. v., e.g. you are
abokin wasa.
not concerned babu ruwan-
conceal, tr. v. rufe, rufi or
boye, boy% intens. ka.
rife*;
concerning, prep, bisa ga,
bobboye, jiche (S.), k^fa (K.),
with prons. gave da, saba da,
sulla ; kawaichi, e.g. a crime ;

boya or
oneself, to hide
sabad da, sabaddo or sabo da,*,
to c.
he garni da, game da.
boye, also with kai, e.g.
under the conciliation, sdduwa.
concealed himself
kansa ddga concoct, to c. a story damre
leaves ya boye
sansami to c. magana.
kalkashin ;

in wait) concord, n. saduwa ; see

oneself (of lying
agree,
fake.
concubine, n. saddka, pi.
concealed, particip. rufaffe,
 condemn 57 confusedly

saddku^ ivahaya (a neglected confession, n. furuchi, furchi,

wife or c), bora* ; kwarkwa- huruchi.
ra, kwarakwara, makubliya, confidence, n. (reliance, trust)

I
mutumniya* anidna, aminchi, aminchewa,
I condemn, tr. v. kdda^ hdda dangana, saduda, shaduda* ;
laifi, laifa*, kusanchi. to have c. in dangana, dogare,
condemnation, n. kayaswa, sadujda, e.g. I have c. in...
kyazwa, kaye^ alhaki, lalata, ina dangana da...', we have
the last quite general = per- c. in thee mu dogare ka
dition. to betray c. chinye amana,
condition, n. (state) zama, za- chin amana ; to justify c. (to
nianchi. be trustworthy) yin aminchi.
condition, to come into a, or confine, n. (boundary) iyaka.

state zama, zam (S.). confined, adj. (narrow) cf.

condolence, (on any mis- kumchi to be, v. (of women)
;

fortune other than deiath) haifu.

jaijaito ; c. in bereavement confirm, to tabbache.
taaziya*. conflagration, n. gobdra, tur-
,
conduct, n. (habit) tsahi'a, nuka, e.g. pro v. gida biyu
dahi'a ; letter of safe-c. maganin gobdra two houses
watikal (or wasikal) lamuni. are a provision against a c.

conduct, tr. V. (to lead, bring) conflict, n. fada, fam,a, yaki.

,
kai. conflict, intr. v. kdra, yin
cone, the form of a c. zallo ;
kdro, e.g. this conflicts with
c. -shaped da zallo. that wannan ya yi kdro da
coney, (Klip-Das), see cony. wanchan.
confectionery, n. allewa, ale- confluence, n. of rivers, ma-
wa. gangami, magdma.
confer, v. 1. (to consult to- confounded, to be, v. damu.
gether) yin shatvara. confuse, tr. confound
v. (to
2. (give, bestow) ha, hada. or perplex) ddme, ddma, riki-
conference, kuchi, pi. kiiche- ta, shirbata.
kuche ; see talking. confused, to be, v. damn, sha
confess, v. yin furuchi, yin kai; hewas c. ya sha kansa.
furchi, yin huruchi, banya, confusedly, adv. damai, mar-
dauki laifi. bika*.
confusion 58 consul

confusion, n. damasa, mar- domin wannan, don haka,

bika*, damuwa, kirmiche (S.), sabad da wannan.
rigima, shirbache, purmutsi 2. (importance), e.g. it is

(K). of no c. babu komi.

congeal, intr. v. chibarii, e.g. consider, v. 1. gen. tsokachi
my blood is congealed with and yin tsokachi, tuna and
the cold jinina ya chibaru titnane with da.
sabad da dar% sandare. 2. (of a council, delibera-
congratulate, tr. v. barkata, tion) yin shdwara.
gaishe, gaida. consideration, n. (delibera-
congratulation, barka. tion) shdwara.
congregate, intr. v. faru. consolation, n. hankuri, ha-
congregation, n. jama'a. kurchi, hankura, hakura,
conjecture, to kintata ; see hakuri, sanyin zuchiya.
suppose. console, tr. v. bada hankuri ;
conjoin, tr. v. gama. to be consoled jin sanyi.
conjuring, rikirkida. consort, n. 1., see companion,
connections, n. coll. dangi^ comrade.
danga or dagi, pi. dangogi, 2. (of married people)
kabila. namiji, miji, fern. mata.
conquer, tr. v. 1. (to acquire conspiracy, to form a, v.

by war) chi. gania*.

2. (to overcome) i, i ma, conspire, intr. v. yin baki
yin \^asara, yin nasarchi,
kdda, kdshe. constancy, 7idchi, nachiya.
consciousness, tunane (a
n. constant, adj. da ndchi.
particip. form), pi. tunannu, constantly, adv. ko yaushe,
is used substantively for kullum*, kul yaushe*, tutul,
thought or consciousness. tutur.
consent, n. yarji. constellation, see star,
consent, v. yarda^ bada yarji, constrain, tr. v. tilasda (S.),
izni, karba, so, e.g. do you tilasa (K.); see compel,
c. ? I do kana so ? ina force,
so. construct, tr. v. 1. gen. yi.
consequence, n. 1. (effect), 2. spec, of roads gina.
e.g. in c. of this don wannan, consul, n. gunsul*.
 consult 59 contrivance

consult, V. 1. intr. (to deliberate) contents, (that which is con-

/ill
I tihaicara, tained) ahin chiki.
2. tr. V. yin shawara constr. contest, n., see contention.
with ma, ga^ da, e.g. I am continually, adv., see con-
going to c. you za ni yin (or stantly.
i7i yi) shawara da kai, sha- continuance, n. tabbata, tabba-
warta^ shatvarche. tawa, dawama, duma, dinga,
consultation, n. shavMva, ndchij na^hiya, zaina, zaraan-
roshi*. chi ; long c. tsawa, tsawanta.
consume, tr. v. 1. (used of continue, intr. v. dawama,
fire) lasa^ lashe^ kona*^ kone*. duma, dada, dadi, tabbata,
2. (generally) c/w, chi da, tabbache, dunga, kdra* ; to c.

chanye^ chinye. to exist kashi*, ka^she*, ka-

contain, tr. v., see hold, sanchi; phr. we e. giving
contaminate, tr. v. yin ka- thanks muna ddda godiya
zamta. I c. travelling until evening
contemn, kyale, see despise, ina yini tajiya they con- ;

contemplate, tr. v., see con- tinued thus sicka kdma haka,
sider, he continued crying ya kdra
contemplation, mddai. kuka.
contempt, n. reni an ex- ;
| continuing, tnai-dawama, 7nai-
pression of c. wus, wush ; I
tabbatatva.
tsaki ; see despise, contract, n. wahabi.
contemptuous, adj., see ;
contract, tr. v. 1. (a disease)
proud. I tarda.
contend, tr. v., see fight, 2. to c. the idbcedamrefuska.
strive, 3. intr. v. (to shrivel up)
content, adj. kosctshe, pi. ko- yin yaushi, yin yoshi.
sassu to be c. koshi.
; 4. (to make an agreement)
content, tr. v. kosada, kosasda. see agree.
contention, n. (disputing) ha- contradiction, gardama.
yaniya, haniya, haya-haya, contribution, n. (e.g. of food)
^nuhawara*, inusuwa ; see tarbache.
Strife, contrivance, n. dabdra, du-
contentment, kwanchiyar bdra, dibdra, chimi*, wayoy
hankali. waya, abin vmyo.
 60 copy
contrive

wayo^ ivayau. with hot stones sulala; a

contrive, v.
fire for cooking ivutar
gdshi.
control, tr. v., see restrain,

convalescence, n. rangwame. cook, n. inai-ddji, mai-ddfuwa,

sarikin wuta.
convalescent, be, intr. v. ji7i
cooked, be nina (S.), nuna
or yin rangwame^ yin dama,
(K.); c. part, c. ddfdfe;
wartsaka.
convenient, adj. sawaha^, without water soyayye, fem.

daidai ; see fit, suitable, soyayya, pi. soyayu ; well

conversation, n. bdtu, zanche, c. ninanne, pi. ninannu,

nunanne, pi. nunannu^ tap-
pi. zantatuka, zanzanche, fira,
ta/shi, tabshi* c. food
hira*, tadi, kurga (S.), roka
shi, ;

(Z.), tankawa, zantawa ;

hum dd/au.
cooking, gdshi, dafuwa ;
c.
of c. dumi*.
converse, intr. v. tanka, tamka, placemaddfa, wurin ddfa,
hdta,yin bdtu, yin zanche, wurin dafuwa; c place on
yin magana, yin tadi. which a pot is set murufu;
conversing, part, tankawa^ a c. pan algidiri, alkidiri;
zantawa. a c. pot with holes pierced
at the bottom madam-
converted, be, intr. v. sauya,
e.g. he was c. from heathenism
bachi, madamfachi.

to Islam ya sauya da arna cool, adj. sanya, shanya, da

musuliYii. sanyi; c.-headedness sanyin
see carry, hall.
convey, tr. v.,
cool, tr. V. sanya, shanya;
convict, n. dan sadaka.
(satisfy by intr. V. fuche, huche.
convince, tr. v.

evidence) hakikanta. cooled, part, sanyayye.

coop, n. akurki, pi. akurikai,
convolvulus, a species of
kurki, akurikin kaza.
awarwaro, fdrin gamu, kafi-

yaryadi, yambururii, copaiba, tree maje, kadaura.

boka,
duman kada, yako. coping stones, kalankuwa.
convulsions, n. mijiriya, copper, n. jan karife (lit. red
iron), gachi girdle made of
minjiriya, misiriya. ;

c. tagula*, tugula*.
cony, agivdda, rema*.
coppersmith, the c bird ma-
cook, tr. V. ddfa, ddfe; c.
kwabkwafi.
without water tuya, soya;
copy, tr. v., see imitate.
cooking ddfuwa; to c. meat
 copy 61 cotton

I copy, to c. a drawing etc. corpulence, kauri^ kabri, kosa.

sifata, sifanta. corpulent, da kauri, ginshimi,
\
coral tree, majiriya. tunturum', to be c. kabrara;
I
cord, n. siliya, pi. siliyu or see fat.

siliyoyi ; igiyct, pi. 'i'ffoyi or correct, tr. v. (punish) /oro,

igiyoyi, yagiya (S.) a c. to ;
horo*, wahalshe.
'
tie trousers round the waist correct, adj. daidai, dede, na-
kiibaka. kwarai, fem. ta-kwarai, sdrai,
coriander seed, ridi, lidi ; oil sosai, ainin ; it is c. ya yi
made from c. s. main ridi daidai.
a plant resembling c. yaudo, correctly, adv. daidai, sosai,

yodo (S.). kwarai, sdrai ; to count c.

cormorant, madundicmi*, kilga sdrai.

kazar ruwa. cost, n. ('price) kiirdi ; what
corn, n. hatsi, (wheat) cdkama does it c. 1 kurdinsa nawa ?

a grain of c. kivaya guinea-c. ;

its c. kurdinsa, an tayansa,
dawa, q.y. tsaba{^.); Egyptian tamaninsa.
c. masara (see maize) a tuft ; costly, adj. da tsada ; to be c.

of c. geza, pi. gezuna ; an ear yi7i tsada.

of c. kuhe ; a pit for storing c. cotton,n. kada c. before it has ;

tsunjiya; to rub or grind c. tu- been spun abduga, auduga;

she, nika, daka ; reaped c. laid spun c. abawa; white c. for
in rows sankache, sang ache a ; sewing silili (K.), silale (S.) ;

bunch of c. ku7'dsa (S.) ; c. small piece of twisted c. shu-

stalks karandafi (S. ) ; a woman siya; seeds of c. plant an-
who sells c. almuda (S.), guriya ; silk c. tree rimi
maauniya, alkwararo (S.). c. from silk c. tree kaderi ;

corn-stalk, tip of suUai, siliya. a bow string used in cleaning

corner, kusuruwa, pi. kusur-
n. c. labe (S.); a pin used in
woyi, sukuruwa, sukuriva ; pressing c. (so called from
c. of a fence dungu, htngu. a resemblance to the bida
corporal, mai-igiya biu, lit. the snake) dan bida ; a c. farm
owner of two stripes. garge (S.) ; to press c, seeds
corpse, n. gdwa, pi. gawawaki, out of the pods or to roll c.

mushe, matache, fem, mata- gurje, gurza ; intertwined c.

chiya, pi. niatattu, mamachi. staples hddan zare ; to clean

cotton-wool 62 covering

raw c. shiha; to clean or kunta, mazakunchi, tasiri

prepare c. by drawing it out (S.).

(on the masahi) sdbi, yin courageous, adj., see brave.

sutu ; a white c. brocade course, n., the c. of the world
samasadowa ; for various sp. taki-takin duniya.
of cotton see bakatuka, yat- court, n., c. of a king fdda,
sauri, yatabshi. wurin shawara, /age, kindi-
cotton-wool, sabi, ta/a*. gaye ; c. yard dandali ; c. of
couch, n., of a king or judge, justice fagachi, fakache* ; to
kardga. appear in c. hdlara or liallara.
cough, n. tar% twari, toari. courtiers, n. fadawa.
cough, intr. v. yin tari. courting, n. bazaware*^ shiri-
council, Yi.fdda, roshi*, magan- ya*.
tawa, magantirwa ; to hold cover, n., c. of a book bango, pi.

a c. yin fadanchi. bangaye, banguna, tadarishi;

councillor, bafdde^ pi. fadawa ;
dish c. made of grass fai/ai,

mafada, pi. mafadawa-, ma- pi. jiyafai ov fayafayai ; see

faje (K.). covering.

counsel, n. dabara, dubara, cover, tr. V. rufe, rnfa, rufi,

dibdra, wayo. rife, ydne, yin sutura, su-

counsel, tr. v., see advise. turtay turbude to c. up a
;

count, tr. V. yin kidaya, kilga, hole done; to c. (i.e. to

kirga, yin lisaji. concQBX) jiche (S.), kifa (K.) ;

count, n. kidaya, lisaji. to be covered rufu, rurrufu;

countenance, n. fuska, pi. to c. (used of horses, bulls,

fuskoki or fuskuna. etc.)yin baye, hawa.
counterfeiting, (coin) tsira- covered, part, rufaffe^ fem.
riya. rufaffa, pi. rufaffu.
country, n, kdsa, pi. kdsashe, covering, n., e.g. a blanket
garuruwa,
kdsaisai, gari, pi. bargo, mayafi, sutura, sitira,

garigari or garigaru ; un- maydfi, maruji, pi. marufai]

inhabited c. jeji. rufa, rurrufe; the c. of a door

coupling, of animals or birds kyaure ; c. of skins tunku ; c.

barbara ; of horses, camels for a horse mashimfidi, pi.

etc. baye. TYiashimfida ; temporary c. for

courage, n. mazakuta, maza- the night sayi, pi. sayoyi.
 covet 63 crawcraw
covet, tr. V. shahawa, yin guri, a small c. s. ago; gambling
yin kdri; the coveted horse games played with c. s. ddra,
dokin kdri. chacha, modi a faked c. s.
;

coveting, n. hadama. used by gamblers, made by

covetous, adj. da rowa, mai- joining two shells together
rowa, makwadaifa, mai-kawa- so that the lips or back are
zuchi, marowachi, da mdda. always exposed godogo ; a
covetousness, n. rowwa^ rowa, girdle made of c. s. kiribi ; a
katvaziichi, tsumulmula (K.), c. s. with a hole in it kuru-
zowari, zwari, zari, makzva- Tinan wuri ; a blocked-up c. s.
daichi, madda. with hole at back filled up
COW,n. sdniya, pi. shanu; bush- likakken wuri ; to throw c. s.
cow or dwarf-buffalo bauna, in the game of chacha, sdba,
pi. hakane a black and
; sdbi*.
white c. nordi ; an old c. the crab, n. kdguwa (K.), kwdgutva
mother of the herd sayi (S.) (S.), pi. kagunai, kwagunnai.
an old lean c. guzuma ; c- crack, intr. v. tsagu ; to c. or
shed turken shanu ; a c. tied open (used of a wall) dare.
up by the feet dunguli ; cow- cracking, of the skin under
hide kilago, kilabo, pi. kilagai. the toes, kudumbiya, kura-
coward, n. matsorata, matsora- budeya.
chi, lala/a*, mairaki. crackling, of fire babaka*.
cowardice, n. matsorachi. craft, n. wayo.
cow-bird, or ox-pecker, charki. crafty, adj. da wayo^ mai-ivayo,
cowhide, n., see cow. mai-sane. shaitan* ; to be c.
cow-itch (Mucuna pruriensis), hilata.
karara. crakle, see starling.
cowry shell, n. ijiya, wuri, cram, tr. v. (stuff) dora, dura.
pi. kurdi, kudi, kawara or cramp, n. mijiriya, mijirya,
alkatvara, yaya ; a large c. s. minjiriya, misiriya.
gandi, sarmadawa ; a bag cramped, to become, e.g. with
containing 20,000 shells kesu, cold sdge^ 9CLge, kage.
kwaroro, kwororo a lar^e ; crane, crested c. or crown-
skin bag for cowries jika ;
bird, n. goraka, gauraka,
a grass bag for holding garmaka (S.), gamraka.
cowries ktvasahro, kwasauro crawcraw, n., see crowcrow.
;
crawl 64 crow

crawl, intr. v. rarrafe^ ruhda crocodile, n. kdda, kddo, pi.

(or rn/da) chiki. kddodi, kdduna or kadun-

crawling, n. janjiki, rarra/o. duna.
crazy, tababhe, see lunatic, crocodile-bird, (black-headed
crease, to tdkura, takure. plover) ladinkogi,jakin gulbi.
create, tr. v. halitta, talittci*, crooked, be fandare^, lan-
halichi. kwashe ; of a tree to grow c.

creation, halitta. kantare.

creator, n. mahalichi. crooked, a karkache.
creature, n. halitta, dabba, crookedness, karkdta.
dabbo, pi. dabbuna, dabbobi crop of a bird, n. maroro,
creatures talikai*. malolo, kururu, baroro.
credit, n. bashi, pi. basusuka; cross, (or crossing) n. gilme*,
one who wants to buy on c. pi. gilmomi* or gilnomi* ; a
mai-bashi ; cf idiom it . is c. gilmen itache* ; c. beam
to a man's c. ya chika mutum. on top of doorway dzara.
creditor, n. mai-bada bashi, cross, tr. V. gilma, ketare, etare,
mabachi. swaba, sdba, yin ketara; capa-
creed, n. imanchi. ble of being crossed ketaruwa;
creep, intr. v. rarrafe, sandu, it cannot be crossed ba shi
sanduwa, kurda* ; to c. ketaruwa ; to make to c. (i.e.

like a cat stealthily ba^/a- to ferry over) ketare da (S.),

baya*. ketara^ da (K.), ketarshe (be-

cress, water c. lafuwa ; common fore a pron.); to c. intr.
or garden c. labsur. ketaras.
crest, of a bird tukku, tukkuwa, crossing, n. ketara, pi. ketare-

tsoro, zanko, tuntu. ketare.

cricket, n., large burrowing c. crossing, part, ketarewa.
yyare ; a small species of c, cross-legged, to sit, intr. v.

tsanya. tamatela, tamataila, gijirta,

crier, n. (one who cries aloud ginchira (S.).

or proclaims) babbam bade, cross-ways, n. mararraban

pi. bamhadawa, dan ^na'abba; hanya.
(one who calls to prayer) crouch, to lobe (S.), robe (K.),
mai-kiran salla, ladan. raba, rabke, rafake, tdkura*.
crime, n. zamba, janaya. crow intr. v. yin chdra, yin
 crow 65 cure
kakaruko, yin kukaruku yin kururuwa, yin tsawa,
cock-crow charan zakara. rubsa (ru/sa, ra/sa or rapsa),
crow, n. species of, shimkake ; kuka; raise a c. dora kira;
white-backed c. hankaka, pi. c. for joy guda ; c. wares for
hankaki or hankaku. sale talla, pi. tallata; there
crowbar, ddgi. was a c. of tire ana ta rigimar
crowcrow, n (disease) kaikai, gobara.
kazuwa a herb supposed to
;
cubit, n. kdmu, sabi, ziraH*.
cure c. kaskawani. cuckoo, lark-heel c. or crow
crowd, n.
people) gayya,
(of pheasant ragon maza.
taru, masu-tariya, runduna, cucumber, African c. kur-
jmrmitsi, kirmitsi (S.). zunu.
crowding together, purmutsi. cucurbita, n., see gourd,
crowing, n. chdra, kakaruko, cud, chewing the c. tuka.
I kakarako, kukaruku, kiki- cultivate, tr. v. noma, nomi,
^
rikyi. 7iome cultivated land round
;

crown, to ndde*. a town or village karkara,

cruel, adj. muni, maketachi. karikara.
cruelly, adv. da muni. cultivator, n. manomi, pi.
cruelty, n. keta, muni, zafin m,anom,a.
rai. cummerbund, mulufi, malufi.
crumb, n. burugushe, hurhushi, cunning, n., see craft,
bulbudi, barbadi, gutsura, pi. cup, n. tdsa, pi. tdsoshi, gora,
gutsure, diddiga, marmashi. pi. gorina, kwariya, koko
crupper, (of a saddle) jabaya, a large c. shintali, sin-
jakuturi. tali or shantali, pi. shin-
crush, tr. v. matse, matsa, latse, talai.
laze, murjeki, murtsuki, murt- cup, to 2/m ma wani kafo.
sekyi, kumtata*, kuntata*. cupboard, n. loloki*, pi. lolo-
crust, a dried c. kamzo, kanzo. kai*.
cry, n. kuka, pi. koke-koke; cupping, n. yin kafo, jiniya.
kuwa, muriya, pi. muriyoyi, curb,n. mudu.
kira, tsawa, tsuwa, sowa; loud curdle, to daskdra; to cause
c. u/u, ihu, tsuwa tsuwa, ku- to c. daskdre.
ruruwa, rakadi, rakwato (Z.). curds, n., of milk guntsari.
cry, intr. v. (cry out) yin kuka, cure, tr. v. warkadda ; to be
R. H. D.
5
cured 66 damsel

cured warke; the fool is strips rede; c. round sha7i-

incurable mahaukachi ha shi kumbu ; c. down kade ; c.

warkewa. cloth shifta, shifche ; c. with

cured, part, warkakke^ fern. a hoe shema ; c. down the
warkakkiya, pi. warkakku. harvest, girhi ; one who cuts
curl, intr. V. (used of a snake) off the hands of tliieves

tdkura. birgiji.

curls, a woman's c. dauri, taura. cut, part, yankakke, fern, yan-

current, (of a stream) igiyar kakka, pi. yankakku ; sararre,

ruwa. fem. sararriya, pi. sararru.

curse, n. la'ana, wada^ wadda. cuticle, fiska, see skin.

curse, tr. V. wa mugunta, cutlass, n. takobi, pi. takuba,

la'anta, la^ane Manchi, zcbge, tama, tagonias, tamogashi,

bdchi, garni may you be adda.

cui'sod ! tir, fMs, ush. cutting off of hands (a
cursed, part. Wane, feui. punishment for thieving),
la'ana^ pi. la^anu.
yankan hannu,
curtain, n. (made of fibre and cutting-up, yanyane.
let down in front of a door- cylinder, c, on which thread
way) tsaiwa, bunu, arsabari, is wound for use in shuttle

zabori, kyaure. kwarkwaro.

CUSCUS, n. kuskus^, kuskus*. cymbal, a kind of kuge.
cuscus-grass, jema.
cushion, n. laferu^ leferu, dagger, n. cheru (S.), kanga*^
laheru, pi. laferai ; c. placed wuka*.
on a donkey akumari. daily, adv. kowache rana.

custodian, mai-riko. dainty, he is d. over his food

custom, n. ada, al'dda, ta'ada, shina da taran (or tadan)

tada (S.), pi. tadodij sabo*, abinchi.

hanya*y pi. hanyoyi*, hdli, dais, tugufa*.

pi. hdlaye. dam, for catching fish labuni.

cut, tr. yanka, yanke, save,
V. damage, n. bama, taskdro (S.).
keta, farke, yin saisaya (or damage, to bamata.
sosaya) c. into small pieces
;
damp, n.daushi, damshiylaima^
sassabe, y any ana (K.), yan- rima (S.).
girtsa; c. into damsel, n. yarinya^ huduruwai
h /qfa,
 dance 67 day
dance, n. rawa^ Ma, zariya, of dark coloured d. zabiya^
dawara a d. performed by
; pi. zabiyoyi.
young men hauta^ lela; an date, n. (time of an event)
inspired d, hori. yayi, zamani*, loka/^hi^, wo-
dance, intr. v. yin rmva, taka kachi*.
ravm, ray a, vmra, yin zariya, daub, tr. V. ydba, ydbe, dam-
ff^alle, hirkida. fara, shafa*, shafe*.
dancer, a danfoto. daubing, ydbe, pi. ydbe-ydbe.
dancers, e.g. those possessed by daughter, n. diya (S.), pi. yam-
a spirit masu-bori, masu-boli. mata (for yan-mata), ya (K.).
dancing, tsalle, zariya. dawdle, intr. v. yin tsaiko.
dandruff, n. toto, totau, tautau. dawdling, n.fatara, tsaiko.
danger, n. hatsari (K.), hadari dawn, n. wayewa, assuba,
(S.), ahi7i tsoro ; a dangerous fudowa, fudawa; the first
place wurin tsoro. glimmer of light before the
dangle, to wo lilo. d. aljiffr, alfjir, jijiji, jijif
daring^ adj., see brave, jibjib ; let us start before the
dark, da dufu ; phr. it is d.
adj. d. mu yi jijif.
^
ya yi dufu or rana ta dushe. dawn, intr. v. waye the day ;

darkness, n. dufu, dufuwa, dawns ga^i ya waye or less

dushewa utter d. dufu kirin.
; commonly Allah ya waye.
darn, to yin lalaftu, see seq. day, n. (the time from sunrise
:
darning, lalaftu, lalaptu,lalah- to sunset) rana, ran or ra, pi.
tu, la'plaptu'^. ranuka, ranukka or ranak-
dart, n. hankaltilo, hargi, margi ku, used as masc. or fem.,
;

a d. used for catching fish wuni a day's work wunin

;

hdgu, zdgo. aiki (twenty-four hours)

;

darter, (the name of a bird, kwana, kwanaki or kwa-

pi.
Plotus) kazarruwa, mddmi- nukka ;yau to
to-day yo, ;

dumi. stay at a place for a d. yini

dash together, tr. v. gwabra, three days ago wanshekaran-
gobure. jiya; the d. before yester-
date, n. (tree and fruit) dabino day shekaranjiya
;
; yesterday
desert d. aduwa ; a bunch jiya ; the following d. rana
of dates zaraba^ dates tied
; mai - zakuwa ; to - morrow
up in a mat lubiya a species gobe, kashegari
;
(Kats.),
5-2
dazzle 68 debtor

, wanshekare (S.) the d. after ; kurumai ; d. and dumb bebe^

to-morrow jlhi ; the d. after pi. behaye.
the d, after to-morrow gata deaf, be, intr. v. kuruma
the d. after gata^ i.e. the deafness, kurumchi, karum-
n.
fifth d. chitta; some d. or ta, bebantaka, tosuwa (S.).
other ko ha dade ; the last d. dealer, a corn d., fem. maau-
ranan gohe or ranan kiyama niya.
the d. on which randa (a dear, adj. (costly) da tsdda ;

shortened form of rana da) to be d. tsadanta ;

(beloved)
every d. kowache rana all ; masoyi, fem. masoya, pi.
d. rana duka; the d. on which masoyu, lele, abin kamna* ;
a child receives its name ran to be d. yin tsdda.
suna. When d. is used with deamess, n. (high price) tsdda.
ordinal numbers the singular dearth, n., see want,
form is usually employed, death, n. mutuwa, macheway
thus : three days rana uku rasuwa, jinkiri*, mata*, (lit.
or kwana uku do a thing
; to last sleep) makarin barchi ;

every d. dimanta. The days a natural mutuwar Allah ;

d.

of the week are : Sun. lahadi sudden d. saukin mutuwa ;

or ladi, Mon. litifii, Tues. the angel of d. (lit. he who

talata, Wed. laraba or larba, separates) marabiwa.
Thurs. alhamis, Fri. aljimii'a, death-watch, (insect) gunda,
jumma^a^ jummu'a, aljimma, gum,da, kichichiya.
jimrna'a or jimmu^a, Sat. debt, n. bashi, pi. basusuka^
assuhat, assabat or assibit. ramche, ranche ; to pa}' a d.
dazzle, tr. v., to d. the eyes biya bashi ; to get into d.

makamche the lightning has

; chi bashi ; to recover a d.
dazzled thine eyes walkiya ta biyo bashi, bim bashi ; surety
Tnakamche ka. for payment of a d. lamuni,
dead, a4j. matache, fem. mata- phr. he is in my debt shina
chiya, pi. matattu, amache^ da bashina or ina bin sa
mamachi, fem. lyiamachiya bashi.
a d. body mushe^ gawa, pi. debtor, n. mai-chin bashi^ mai-
gawawaki ; (that which has karban bashi, mai-daukan
died of itself) guba ; see die. bashi, m^abachi, mabarchi
deaf, adj. kuruma, kurma, pi. (K.).
decapitation 69 degrade
decapitation, kunkurus, ku- positively furuchi, furch%
Tunkus, kurungus, kungurus. hurchi^ hurta.
decay, to ruha^ riha. decline, v. (grow less) karkdta,
decayed, rubahbe, pi. ruhabhu. rage; the day declines rana
deceit, n. munafuchi (S.), ta tawaya, see decrease ;

manafuchi, munafichi (K.), (refuse) ki, kiya.

munafuki, barkwanchi, riki- decorous, adj., see becoming,
chi, ha'inchi, wayo, Idbo*, decrease, rdguwa.n.
rudi*, yaudara, algus, algusu, decrease, tr. v. rdg% rdge,
algushi, rigingini, zankam tawaya, tauwi intr. v. ragu,;

(K.); (lit. two hearts) zuchiya tawaya, tawayo, tauwi, tauye,

kasa^ da.
deceitful, adj. marikichi, mai- decree, n. ajali*.
rigingini, mai-zalumchi, mai- deed, n., see act.
algus, mai-algusu, azzalumi^ I

deep, adj. da zurfi, mai-zurfi

marude, mai-rude, pi. maruda^ a d. place (usually with water
I

mai-yaudara. in it) gulbi, pi. gulabe.

I

deceitfully, adv. da zalumchi ; i

deer, n., see antelope.
to treat d. yin zalumchi ; to defect, n. Idhani, aibi, aibu
I

act d. rikiche. see blemish,

deceive, tr. v. ruda, rudi, rude; defence, kdriya, datsiya*.
chuchi, chuche, yaudara, shor I
defend, tr. v., see guard.
mata, shamache, zantara, hdge. defer, tr. v./dsa.
I

deceived, be, v. rudu, rude. defiance, tamanya, tamayya

deceived, part, rudadde, fern. (S.).
rudadda, pi. rudaddu. defile, V. tozarta,
tr. kasanta,
deceiver, n. marude^ mai-rude^ kazamtad da; see pollute,
see deceitful. defraud, tr. and intr. v. chin
decide, tr. v. (of a judge) raba, kura, chin riba, sdfa (S.),
yanka shari'a, yanka magana. zantara; one who defrauds
deck, to sitirta, suturta. maizamba, mai-chin kura
declaration, e.g. before a see cheat,
judge, biyayya. defy, to harzuka ga, hasala
declare, tr. v. hadichi, labarta, ga.
habarta, fada; d. openly degradation, kankanchi.
baydna, bayena, chashe ; d. degrade, to maida baya.
 70 desert
dejected

dejected, see disheartened. demonstration, gaye.

denial, n. (dispute in which
delay, n.fdshi, yauchi, dadewa,
without something is denied) gar-
indainda, jinkiri ;

d. babu fashi. dama, musu, jayaiyya.

delay, intr. v. yin fdshi, yin deny, tr. v. musu, hana*, ki.

yauchi, wanzu, dada; to depart, intr. Y.fUa, rdsu, rabu,

d. to deliver a message ida hard.

labari he delays to come ya departure, n.fUa.

;

yi nauwa or ya yi yauchin deposit, n. amdna, karo, la-

zakuwa ; to d., tr. fdsa. muni* to steal a d. chin

;

deliberate, intr. v. yin sha- amdna; those who steal a

d. masu-tabin amdna; a place
wara.
in which to d. anything maaji.
deliberately, adv. da gangan.
deliberation, n. shdwara, pi. depression, a kwdri, kware (S. ).
shawarori, shawaruna, shd- deprivation, n., e.g. of goods
wurin woji.
warwara ;
place of d.
depth, n. zurji ; he got out
shdwara.
delicacy, a abin marmari. of his d. ruwa ya sha kansa ;
it is out of a man's d. here
delight, tr. v., see please.
delirious, adj.,d. persons masu- ruwa ya shake mutum, a nan.
bori, masu-boli, yan-bori.
depute, to wdkala.
deputy, mdm,ayi, na'ibi see
deliver, tr. v. (give over) bada, ;

bashi, yarda; (save) cheto, regent.

tsiras da, tsirad da, deranged, a person, n. mai-
cheche,
tsarda, chira, kwache, kwashe.
wauta, mahaukachi ; to act

deliverance, n. cheto, tsiraro, as one d. yin raurawa.

machechiya, tsira, fansa, deride, tr. v. yin boHa, ba^a^

pansa, hansa. zunda, yin zunde.

delivered, be, v. haifu. derision, n. ba^a, zunde, zumde.
deliverer, n. machechi, pi. ma- descend, intr. v. shida or
shida, shide, shido, jlda,
cheta.
demon, n. aljan, aljani, fern. sabka, sapka ; descend jido. !

aljana, pi. aljannuov aljinnu, descendants, zuri'a.

jinnu; bori, pi. boruruka, desert, n. (i.e. a solitary place)

boruruwa. ddwa, daji, sabra*, saura*^

demonstrate, to yin tabbas. hamdda, jeji.
 desert 71 deviate

desert, (worthiness) chinchinta, despoil, tr. v. (in war) yin

chanchanta. buruntu, chin ganima.
deserter,n. (in war) kazum. destiny, n. ajali, jinkiri, ku-
designedly, adv. da gangan. dira, kudura, kadara^ rdbo*.
desire, n. 1. (wish) so, karana^, destitute, one who is, u. gande,
marddi (S. ),murddi( K,),/ata gindau, gyande, fem. gyandu-
eager d. kwala7na(K. ), kagdra, wa, pi. gyandaye, fanko, mat-
marmari ; desires zuchiya*, siyachi, pi. matsiyata, mayun-
na/si*, kodai, kwadai ; evil wachi*, pi. mayanwata*, ko-
d. shawa, sha^awa, guri. maro, karare ; cf rashi,
. maras.
2. (the thing wished for) destroy, tr. v. bdta, bdche,
abinso, maradi, muradi, guri, bachi, bdtas, haldka, afka,
nufi, nufe he accomplished
; fdsa, banna, yakuta, chi*.
his d. ya chika hadama. destroyed, be, v. lalache, gur-
desire, tr. v. so, nufe, nufi, bache, yakache, yamutse*
yin kagdra, yin fata to burn ; about to be d. rnai-afkawa.
with d. kona, kuna*, kone, destroyed, part, bdtache, fem.
kwadaye, lamiranta ; intr. v. bdtachiya, pi. bdtattu,

direct the d. maida kamna. destruction, n. afko, halaka,

desist, intr. v. daina, dena, lalata, ta'adi, ta'ada, bdtachi.
bari, bar. detain, tr. v. riko, tsaida, tsai-

I
desolate, to make d. yin she, tsayas da, tsere, hana.
kadaita. detect, tr. v. (e.g. in a fault)
desolation, n. kango, pi. kan- y^itse, rutse.
gogi or kanguna ; afko, ka- detention, riko.
daita, risbawa, rizbawa, ruz- deter, tr. v., see prevent,
gawa (S.), rubzawa (K.). determined, one who is d.
despair, to fida zuchiya. mai-daurin anniya.
despicable, adj., see despised. detour, to make a d. zaga.
despise, tr. v. rena, kyale, yin devastate, tr. v. yin afko, yin
tsantsani, tarsa*. kadaita, waso.
despised, part, renanne, fem. developed, i.e. full-grown
renanna, pi. renannu, kas- gawurtache, fem. gawurtachi-
kastache, pi, kaskastu. ya, pi. gawurtatu ; kasaitache.
despising, part, renawa, reni deviate, intr. v. (from a straight
the d. of advice renin wayo. course) bauda, baude used
deviation 72 diligence

with hanya ; ratsa^ yin raise ;

minene bambamchin wannan
causing to d. haudewa. da wanchani or ina marabin
deviation, raise, ratsowa. wannan da wanchan 1 there
device, n. hila, fila. is no d. ba su bambanta ;

devil, n. shaitan, shetan, shai- differences (points of vari-

tani, iblis, ibilis ; see demon, ance) tsakankani.
devoid of, see without, different, adj. dabam, daban,
devour, tr. v. rida, chinye, dabam dabam d. from da- ;

chanye, chingi, hadiye, rushe bam da, dabam ddga, bam-

(K.). bam ddga; a d. sort iri dabam.
dew, n. raba; a drop of d. differentiate, to bambanta,
digar rdba. yin dabam.
dialect, yare, halshe*. da wuya it is
difficult, adj. ;

diarrhoea, n. gudawa, gudun- d. know all things abin

to
daji, zawo, zawayi ; a duniya da wuyan sani it is ;

medicine for d. filasko. too d, for me ya buwaye 7ii,

dibble, (hoe) sungumi. ya faskare ni, ya faye ni, na

dice, n. kuri^a, karen chacha ; kasa or ya Ji karijina.
a throw of d. jefan kuri^a; difficulty, n. wuya ; with d.
to cast d. yin modi (cowrie dakyat {^.), dakyal, dakya/r
shells are generally used .(K.).
instead of d. for purposes dig, tr. V. gina, gino, tona*,
of gambling). haka ; d. in the ground fuda,
dictation, writing from d. turbude, yasa, yashe, to dig
shibta*. a new well gina rigiya ; to
die, iiitr. V. mache, machi, mutu dig out or clean out an old
(this is seldom used except well yasa rigiya ; d. up land
to denote the past tense), karta, kirta ; d. with a hoe
rdsu ; d. a natural death shera, hira (S.) ; d. holes,

yin mushe. e.g. for planting trees bisa^

differ, intr. v. yin dabam, yin bushe.
daban, yin bambam. dignified, adj., a d. person
difference, n. dahamchi, bam- datijo.

bamchi, bambanta, baram- dignity, mutum^chi.

baran ; what is the d. diligence, n. kokari, himma^
between this and that? kwazo, anniya.
, diligent 73 disdain

diligent, be, intr. v. yin anni- disappear, intr. v. gurbache^^

ya, maida hirtima, maida rutsa*.
kokari ; be d. ! ku hada disappointed, be, intr. v. kal-
kokarinku. niashe zuchiya.
diligent, adj. da kwazo^ mai- disapproval, a gesture of d.,
kwazo. the hand being extended
diligently, adv. da himma, da and all the fingers pointed
anniya. forwards, ambola^ dakuwa.
dim, to be, intr. v. dindimi, disaster, see misfortune.
dundumi ; to become d. dushe discern, tr. v. ji*, gane.
or dishe. discernment, n. baslra.
diminish, see decrease, discharge, tr. v. 1. (fire ofF)
dimness, n. dushe wa, dishewa ; buga, halbi, harbi.
d. of sight makamchi, bam- 2. (send away) see dis-
harakwai* miss.
dip, tr. V. tsoma, soma* d ; disciple, n. almajiri, fem.
under water nuta^ nutse, ahnajira, pi. alm.ajirai.
7iutsa to d. the head in
; discomfort, n. mako.
water yin kunduma. discontent, an exclamation of
dipping, (e.g. of meat in soup) gasa.
tso7ni. discontented, adj. one who is
direct, adj., e.g. a d. path d. matsiyachi, pi. matsiyata.
hanya sosai. discord, n. fasadi, fasada,
direction, sassa, bige, guge, kiyayya, swabani, rikichi*,
luaje. fiisuma, gardama* ; see dis-
directly, adv. yanzii, ko yanzu, pute.
na7i da nan. discount, n. jdra ; a special d.
dirt, n. guiba, gwiba, gwibi, Ict'ada ; what d. is allowed ?

dauda, kazdmi^ kazamta, ina rangwame ?

kazanta. discourage, tr. v. sake fuska

dirty, adj. da dauda^ kazami, (lit. to change the face).
fern, kazama ; to make d. discover, tr. v. kaga, see find.
yin dauda. discussion, n. maganta, ma-
disagree, intr. v., see quarrel, gantawa, magantirwa to ;

disagreement, saban% swa-

n. hold a d. yin maganta.
bani (S.), see discord. disdain, tr. v., see despise.
disease 74 distance

disease, n. chitvuta, chiwo. disobey, tr. v. kiji, tayas.

disgrace, n. walakanchi', see disperse, tr. v. kawas da,
shame. watsa, ware, walwache, war-
disgrace, tr. v. falasa, fallasa, watse disperse ku waru.
] !

'palasa,kumyata. dispersed, wararre.

disgust, n. kyama, see dislike. displease, tr. v. hata zuchiya;
dish, n., a large wooden d. this displeased him wannan ya
akushi, akoshi, pi. akussa, hata zuchiyarsa ; see distress.
jemo ; a flat d. made of disposition, n. (temper) hdli,
plaited grass taitai ; d. -cover pi. halaye ;
good d farinjini .

(made of plaited grass)ya{/ai, (lit. white blood); bad d.

pi. fiyafai the knob which
; bakin zuchiya (lit. blackness
forms the top of a d. -cover of heart) ; lalata, kafirchi,.

tuku, tuntu, tsoro, tukkuwa. mugun gashi*.

dishearten, tr. v. kariya dispute, n. gardama, sabdbiy
zuchiya ;
phr. you d. me subabi, binch%ki,fusuma, swa-
ka kariya ma ni zuchiya, I bani, tsalmi, tsarmi.
am disheartened zuchiyata dispute, intr. v. yin gardama,.
ta hachi ; see discourage. yin kokanto.
dishonour, n. kankanchi, disregard, tr. v. rena, kyahf
kumya*. shdm,uke ; see despise.
dishonour, to ka^kasta, kus- disrespectful, d. language or

kunta. '
contempt of court ashar. '

dislike, n. haushi, kiyayya, ki- dissemble, intr. v., see pre-

yeya, kyeya, kyama ; see hate. tend.
dislike, tr. v. ki, kiya, yankan dissent, intr. v., express d. by
kamna, tsangwama they ; d. turning the head away kauda
him suna jin haushinsa. kai, girgiza kai.
dislocate, to, a bone gule. dissimulation, riya.
dismay, n., see fear. dissolute, adj., see profligate.
dismount, intr. v. shido, sahka, dissolve, 1. tr. v. narke.
shida kasa, jlda ; see alight. 2. intr. v. narku.
disobedience, n. kinji, kiwuya, distance, n. nesa, nisa, (aloof-

shishige, tayazwa. ness) nesanta; to place at

disobedient, he is d. shi ne a d. nesanta ; to keep a d.
mai-kangara. from nesanchi, nisanchi ; a
I distant 75 do
measure of d. (as far as the divided, be, intr. v. rdbu^
eye can reach) jetaka* ; I warwari, wawari.
saw him from ad. na hange divided, part, rababbe, fem.
shiddga nesa. rababba, pi. rababbu marar- ;

distant, adj. ddga nesa, da nesa, raba.

nesa d. from 7iesa ddga.
; divination, duba.
distinct, adj., see different. diving, n. nuta.
distinguish, to kehe, kehanche, division, n. rdbo, rdbu, pi.
kehanta, rarrabe ; it was im- raberabe ; mararrabi ; the
possible to d. between ha dividing point of two roads.
a rarrabe. mararrabin hanya; d. of a.
distorted, amurgude. town (within the walls) shiya,
distrain, to wdshe. unguwa, pi. unguwai or un-
distress, n. nawdya, wuya, guni*; d., i.e. allotted portion,,
icahala,matsiyaxihi,'inatsiyata, J'asali.
tsananta. divorce, n. sakeiva, shiki, yayi*^
distress, tr. v. tsananche, sa divorce, tr. v., d. a woman
wahala, dawainiyasda, da- shika, saki, kore all followed
nawdya ; that by mache.
which causes d. abin da wuya. dizziness, jiri.
distressed, be, v. fargaba, do, tr. and intr. v. 1. (act) yi
Jirgaba, matsu, masu, jin aiki.
wahala I was ; d. na ganiu 2. (accomplish) yi, {, yiwa^
da nawaya. iwa, yiwo, two, wa, aiki.
distribute, tr. v. rdba, rdbas da, 3. (succeed) yi.
rdbas (without obj.), kaivama. i. to do a thing once tdba.
district, n. gari*, wuri*, gun- 5. to labour at aikata phr.
;

d,uina (S.). it is done an yi shi, it does

distrust, tofarga*, tsangwama. (i.e. it is satisfactory) ya yi;

ditch, n. ganwa, wuriya. I never did so ban tdba yin

dive, intr. V. nutsa (K.), nuto haka can it be done ? shi
;

(S.), nutse, nitso, ninkdya, yiwul it cannot be done ba

auka. shi yiwuwa which way did
;

divide, tr. v. rdba, rdbi*, ra- he go ? wanne waje ya yi 1 na

bas da, rarrabi, rarraba, kdsa; yi I did, is often contracted
to d. in half bar a. into nai.
doctor 76 drain

doctor, n. mai-mdgani, atta- made of palm planks kyauren

bibi*, likita* ; a quack d. kyami.
boka, pi. bokaye. dot, n. (e.g. the d. placed
dog, n. kdre^ f. kdriya, pi. kar- above or below a letter) guda
nuka, auzu house d. kdren
; (S.) ; the large d. placed
gida; wild hunting d. hjal- below the line to denote the
kechi, karkechi, kyarkyechi, sound e yamald*, imala*.
kirikinji, kilikinji; a mad d. doubt, n. zuchiya biyu (lit.
mahaukachin kdre. two hearts), tajnbaba, kokanto,
dollar, n. ddla (usually applied tantama, zulumi, zalumi,
to the Austrian Maria zato, shakka ; without d. babiv

Theresa d.), riycd% liyar, wawa, babu shakka, babu

madafa*. shak, babu tambaba an ex- ;

dominion, n., see kingdom. pression of d. wai.

done, part., see do. doubt, intr. v. yin (or da)
donkey, n. jaki, fern, jakanya, zuchiya biyu, yin tambaba,
pi. jakai, jakkai or jakuna yin tantama, yin shakka,
d.'s pad Idheru, laferu; for hasashi, hasashe.
names of various species of dough, n. gaya.
donkeys, see ass. dove, n. kurchiya, pi. kurdche,
door, n. kqfa, pi. kofoji, ko- kurchiyoyi ; ring d. wala, pi.

funa or kofai ; kofal gida^ walu, aguwa : red-eyed d.

ganfibu ; doorway bdkin kqfa ;

hasbiya, hazbiya ; bronze-
a mat made of grass or winged d. gar da, ; long- tailed
reeds let down in front of African d. bardo ; a rock d.
doorway tufaniya, arsabari, jdba dutsi.
askuniya, marufin kofa, down, adv. a kasa, a kas; to
tsahore, zabore, bunu, pi. put d. sako.

bunai, kyaure, tsaiwa, tsa- down, n. (of birds) sabon

waya ; a d. made of corn gashi.
stalks kwadabe (S.); d. post dowry, n. gdra, baiko.

kwabrin kofa, kulkin kofa ;

doze, to gyangyadi, yin angaje.
pole or bar to keep the d. drag, tr. V. janye, jaye see ;

shut mataushin kofa, ma- draw.

dogara, gagarabado door- ; dragon-fly, masu*.
keeper sarikin kqfa ; a d. drain, (ditch) wuriya.
 drake 77 droop

drake, n. zakaraa dumya, sa dried, part, kekasashe, fern.

! kaza. kekasashiya, pi. kekasassu,
j draw, tr. v. ja, jajaya, kak- busashe, busheshe, bushebushe,
kare, karkare ; to d. forth or sanyaye, shanyaye, fern, shan-
out fisge, fizge, fusge, Jlshshe, yaya, pi. shanyayu ; dried-up

zara, tabe, tabi, sakatta, saka- tree kalun itache, kwaurin

che ; to d. towards one3elf;a^oo, (or kwahrin) itache*.
zaro ; to d. after one jaka ;
drill, to d. soldiers birga.
d. a line or a furrow kirta, drill, of soldiers rawa*,
karta; to d. strokes zdna; drink, n. abinsha ; a d. made
to d. a sketch sifata, sifache; of honey, pepper and water
to d. out sabule ; d. a sword betso, baiso* ; a d. made with
zara, zari ; to d. the foot on flour, etc. koko; an intoxi-
the ground mur- murjeki, cating d. made from oruinea-
tsiki to d. water jan ruwa,
;
corn giya ;
drinking- water
gugana, debe ruwa, clebo ruwa, ruwan-sha.
dauka ruwa to d. near ; drink, tr. v. sha, shawo,
duno*; to d, \ia.(ik. jayi ; to shanya, shay a ; to d. greedily
d. out, e.g. from water tsamo. dirki ; to give to d. shadda,
drawer, n. akodi*, sanduki*, shayad da, shayas da ; it is
sanduki*. undrinkable ba shi shayuwa.
drawing, (sketch) sifa. drinking, n. sha, pi. shaye-
dream, n. mafalki (S.), mafarki
drippings, e.g. from trees ru-
dream, intr, v. yin mafalki. wan ganye.
dregs, n. gwiba, gwibi. drive, tr. v. (d. away) kora,
dress, n., gorgeous d. daraja kore, koro, famfare, i ma, iza^

see clothes, ije, yin artai ; d. to a distance

dress, tr. v. (put on clothes) nesanta; d. away in disgust
sa \ d. leather jemi ; d. meat kaskasta, kuskunta; d. out
feda nama. Jishe, fishshe.
dressed, part, (prepared) gyar- driver-ant, n. kwarkwasa^
tachche, fern, gyartatta, pi. kwalkwasa.
gyartattu. driving, n. (away in war)
dresser, n. (of leather) majemi, artai, kora.
mai-jima. droop, to lankwasa, lankwashe.
drooping 78 dum-palm

drooping, lankwaso. by a king

drop, n. diga, dugo, pi. dugogi, (s.)-

ddso, darso, tarfi ;

a d. of drum, intr. v. yin kidi, yin
dew dug on raha. wargi^, kankada, Mda.
drop, tr. and intr. v. 1. (pour drummer, n. makidi ; a
out by drops) tarfi, tarfa, yin mounted d. ma^archi.
darshi; it is dropping yaiia drumming, n. kidi, pi. kide-
diga. kide ;
(accompanied by danc-
2. (let fall) saki, tsaga, ing) kidin dambe, garaya.
kuhche. drum-stick, makidi, makadi.
3. intr. v., see fall. drunk, to be yin niaye, bugu ;

dropping, n. pai-ticip. bugage.

dropsy, n.fdra. drunkard, n. mashayi.
dross, n. (scum of metals) drunkenness, n.hajijiya,maye.
kashin tama, kwam makera. dry, adj., see dried,
drought, n. far in yunwa^fari*, dry, 1. tr. v. kekashe, kekasa,
firi, furi. bushe, sanya, shanya, kdfe
drown, tr. v. gangante*, nitsa- put out to d. sanyato, jibe ;

she*', intr. v. nitso, sha ruwa ;

to d. in the sun bdri* ; to d.
he was drowned ya sha ruwa. meat before a fire kyafa,
drum, n. kida, kidi, kalango, kyapa.
kurkutu (S.), kuntukuru* ;
2. intr. v. shekare; to d.
a large d. gang a, pi. ganguna, up (used of a well) kafe,
banga, dundufa, gangami, (wither or d. up as water)
jdmi* ; a small d. bishi a ; tsotsa*.

d. shaped like an hour-glass dryness, kekasa.

held under the arm, covered dry season, n. rani.
with skin in front but open duck, n. kazan yariba, agwa-
behind kotso, koso,jauje.juje gwa small water d. jalili
; ;

a d. made out of a gourd African tree d. kirinjijiya

talle ; ad. with pointed comb of a d. dani.
bottom carried in a royal duck, v., to d. the head kauche
procession tom5ari ; a stringed kai.
d. open at one end kuriya, dumb, (d. and deaf person)
kwuriya the sound of a d.
; bebe, pi. bebaye.
wasa*, girib ; large d. used dum-palm, n., see palm.
dun 79 early

dun, to d. a person for debt mahugiya ; owner of a d.

hi. pit or dyer mdrini, pi. ma-
dung, n. kdshi, taki, artai, surini.
najasa, najasu, gaitsi, toroso, dyed, part, rinanne, fern, rin-
taroso, tutu, tsura, tsula (S.) ;
anna, pi. rinannu, turarre,
d. of cows or camels kandilu ;
fern, turara, pi. turaru.
d. hole saiga, pi. salgagi, dyeing, tahsa, tausa, turi, tu-
sarga, salanga (Zanf.), hayan ranta, yanayi.
gida*, kwarkware; d. hill dyer, n., see dye.
jujai, jihji, hirhizo, hizo (S.). dysentery, n. gudun daji,
dungeon, n. kurkuku, see gvdun dawa, zawo, anago,
prison. ana gudawa, atuni ; medicine
duration, matsayi. for d. domashi.
during, prep, chikin, a, da, ga,
muddar ransa d. (or all) his each, pron. adj. kowanne, fem.
life. kowache ; e. of us kowan-
dust, n. kura, toka^, pi. to- neniinu ; e. of them kowan-
kuna* storm
; d. gugutva, nensu.
holoko, huluku. eager, adj. da kwardka.
dwarf, wadd,iem. wadaniya,
n. eagerness, n. kwadayi, kodai,
pi. wadani, kuru. < kwada*, kwardka; see desire.
dwell, iiitr. V, zamna, zauna. eagle, n. jisasa (K.) ; crested
dweller, n. mai-zamna. e. angulun kwakwa; white-
dwelling, n. mazamni, ma- necked e. gagdfa.

zauni, wurin zamna, shigifa, ear, n. kunne, pi. kunnuwa;

pi. shigifu or shigifoji. hollow behind the ear geto,
dye, n. Hna; a black d. gato wax in the e. kwanyan
;

kwaloko* ; a reddish d. ga- kunne, daudan kunne to ;

lura ; a yellow clay used as erect the ears kere ; to turn

ad. for women's faces dala ;
back the ears Id/e ; e. of corn
a red d. majigi. kuhe, zangarniya, zangarko \
dye, tr. V. rini, rina, yin tabsa, e. of gero cooked for eating
tura, yin turi ; d. pit marina, tumu.
pi. mdrinai, karofi (K.); a early, adv. da wuri,
wuri,
place where clothes are dauri ; very wuri wuri e.
beaten when being dyed e. in the morning sassa/e,
earnest money 80 egret

fudowa, fudawa^ tangarai, kurmusu; one who hides him-

assuba ; e. or an e. start self in order to e. mai-kur-
samako, sammako. musu.
earnest money, n. amdna*, eavesdrop, to Idhe.
shigam hiya. eavesdropping, rafake.
earth, n. 1. (the world) duniya. ebony-tree, kainya, kaiwa. I
2. (soil) kdsa, pi. kdsashe, echo, n. kuruwa, koguwa*, jeji
kdsaisai, turhaya, turda (S.); ya amsa.
very hard e. tsandauri. eclipse, n., e. of the moon
earthquakes, raye-rayen duni- husvji (Ar.), kamunwata, du-
ya. shewa ; e. of the sun kusuji.
earth-worm, tana^ pi. tanu. ecstasy, hauka, haukachi*
n.

earwig, tsatso. edge, n. kauye, kowi, kawachi* ;

easily, adv. hahu wuya, ha da (of stream) refe, kauyen ruwa ;
wuya ha, sannu*, da sauki. (of a knife) kaiji ;
(of a sword)
east, n. gdhas, gdhaz^ ; one who hdki ;
(of cloth) lafe, laji '^

comes from the e. hagahasi. madaji*, chinkai*.

eastward, adv. gahachi. edged, adj. (sharp e.) da kaiJi.
easy, adj. that is easier ya fi educate, tr. v. yin reno*,foro^.
sauki ; see easily. education, n. Iddahi, kardtu*.
eat, tr. V. chi; to e. greedily effective, mai-anfdni.
chanye, chinye, rushe (K.), egg, n. kwai (kwoi), kwan
ginsu, gundura, yin hamfude, kaza, pi. kwanyaye e. shell ;

hamfudi, gamha, chingi, da- kwasfa, kwasta, pi. kosfofiy

gwiya-j to snatch in order kwasfofi) kamhori, hamharokiy
to e. rida ; anything to e. hawon kwai; a bad e. dunge;
ahinchi ;
plenty to e. zar% yolk of e. gwabduwa, kwabdua,
zowari, jihgi, lashe ; that gwanduwa; a hen laying egg'&
which is good to e. tu- dakwalwa to lay eggs kanya
;

tushi; to give to e. chida, kwaij aje kwai, ajiye kwai

chishe or chiyad da \ eating (K.).
a little at a time chiye-chiye ;
egg-plant, gauta, yalo.
cf. prov. to eat a little at a egret, zarbi^ zalbi; the great
time is better than to eat white e. or heron ^arm zarbi ;

up all at once chiye-chiye ya little e. halhela, badbila, hil-

fi chainyewa; eating in secret hila.
:
Egypt 81 encamp
Egypt, n. Masar, Mazar'^ the ; eleventh, adj. na-goma (fem.
inhabitants of E, inasaraiva. ta-goma) sha daya.
eight, adj. takwas. else, see other,
eighteen, adj. goma sha ta- emaciated, part, a rame, ra-
ktvas, sha takwas, ishirin mamme ; see lean,
hiyu habu. emancipate, tr. v. yanchi,
eighth, adj. na-takwas, fem. bada diyauchi.
ta-takwas; one e. sumuni. embankment, Idbuni,
eighty, adj. tamanin. embark, intr. v. haujirigi.
either, adj. ko ; e.... or ko... embarrassment, fulako, see
ko walau*.
; shame,
elaeis guineensis, n. (= oil embezzlement, hdinchi.
palm) kwakwa. embrace, tr. v. runguma, run-
elapse, intr. v. (of time) shige gume.
;

see finish, embroider, tr. v. yin sharaba.

elasticity, yauki^ yabki. embroidered, (e.g. trousers)
elbow, kusuruwan hannu,
n. mai-surfani.
sukuruwan hannu, diddigin embroidery, n. tindumi, shara-
I
hannu, gwiwar hannu; from ba ; e. on a shirt algaba, aska
;
f
the e. to the shoulder damtse, e. on front of a tobe kunkun-
damchi, pi. damatsa or da- gaba, gudungaba, mumbari.
mutsa. embryo, tdyi (S.).
elder, e. brother wa, pi. yeye emerald, n. zumurruz*.
e. sister ya. emetic, n. katala.
eldest, adj. hahha^, dan far i. emir, n. amiru, amiri.
elect, tr. v., see choose, emperor, n. sultan.
elephant, giwaye j
n. giwa, pi. emphasize, to karfafa.
a young e. parma; male e. employment, safara (S.).
toron giwa, toro trunk of e. emptiness,
; n. wofi, yofi (S.).
hannun giwa; tusks of e. empty, a place that is e. kango,
(i.e. ivory) hakorin giwa, pi. kangogi or kangaye.
haurin giwa. emulation, n. klshi, kishiya,
elephantiasis, n. gugi, maku- pi. kishiyoyi, gdsa.
lashe.
enable, tr. v., see help,
eleven, adj. goma sha day a, encamp, intr. v. shida, shide,
sha daya, sapka. sabka, sauka.
R. H. D.
6
encampment 82 entice

encampment, n. sanscmi, zan- enemy, n. ahokin gdba, makiyi,

go^ umrin sahka. pi. makiya, mai-kinji, magah-
enchantment, sihiri ; see chi.
sorcery, enfranchise, tr. v., see free.
encircling, n. kewaya^ kewayo. English, adj. wherever the
enclosure, n. (for cattle, etc.) word is known
form the
garke, garge (S.), sayi ; see Ingliz or borrowedIngilis
fold, from the Arabs of N. Africa
encompass, tr. v. (e.g. a town is used an Englishman
;

in war) rize. would be mutum Ingilis.

encounter, tr. v. gama da, engrossed, to be e. in anything
ganiu da, tariye. shagula, natsu.
end, n. kdre, karko, makari, enjoy, tr. v. sha*, chi* ; to e.

makare, karshe, makoma the shade sha inuwa.

(boundary) iyaka. enjoyment, n. murna, abin
end, 1. intr. v. kdre, tsaya, murna', see joy.
tsayi, mutu*, yamutse; come enlarge, tr. v. fadada, yin
utterly to an e. karkare. girma.
2. tr. V. wanya, wanye, enmity, gdba, zaman.
wanyi, kdre; (e. conversation) enough, n. da ya isa, buss, kul;
yanke mag ana the ; affair is to have e. koshi ; one who has
ended ya kare. eaten e. kosashshe, pi. kosas-

endeavour, n. kokari. su ; it is e. ya isa, ya koshi*.

endeavour, intr. v. yin kokari enquire, see inquire.
one who endeavours mai- ensign, n. tuta, pi. tutochi.
kokari. enslave, tr. v. maida bawa,
ending, karewa, karko, tukewa. bautad da-, to be enslaved
endurance, tasiri (S.), see shiga bauta.
courage, ensure, to wajabta, see certain.
endure, 1 tr. . v. jimri, daure. entangle, to nanade, ddne*y
2. intr. v. (suff'er) dauri ;
jiche (S.), ki/a (K.), surmuka

(continue) yin karko, dada, to become entangled sarke.

dadi. enter, tr. v. (go in) shlga;
enduring, part. 1. (lasting) (come in) shigo ; cause to e.

dadewa, matahhdta. shigas da.

2. (suffering) see patient. entice, tr. v. rude..

i
 entire 83 even
entire, adj., see complete, errand, n. sako.
entirely, adv. kap-^ see also error, n. mantuwa, kure, sabo.
I

faye and ji. eructate, to yunkiXra.

entrails,yan chiki. escape, n. place of e. wurin
entrance, n. (aperture) kofa; tsira.
e. room (e.g. to palace)
dan- escape, intr. v. Jtchi, furche,
I, dali.
tsira, gudu, kurchi, kurche,
I
entrap, tr. v. yin hako, yin kubche, subuche, subiche.
'
tarko. escort, n. rakiya(^.), rdko (K.),
entreat, tr. v. hiko, roko. kuto.
entrenchment, n. kdgara, escort, yin rakiya, rdka,
tr. v.
kdgaruwa, pi. kdgaru, san- rdki, rake,
roma*.
sani. espy, to hanga, hangi, hange,
entrust, tr. v. hada, yin sabtu, hango ; I espied him afar na
danka. hange shi ddga nesa, he was
enumerate, to lisafta, lisalta, the first to e. me ya hango ni.
lasalta, Hsabta, lisanta. establish, to tuturta, kafa.
envy, n. keta, kiyaiya, kishi, established, part, (firmly fixed)
kishiya, hdsada^ haushi.
I
tabbatachche, fern, tabbatach-
enwrap, duntsa, duntse. chiya; kdfaffe^i^m.
kafaffiya,
epilepsy, n. falfada (S.), /«r- pi. kdfaffu.
i
fada {K..),farfadiya. esteem, n. hasafi.
^equal, adj. sosai, daidai, tan- estimate, tr. v. kauwama,
gam, tangas; to make e. kawamata*, kimanta.
daidaita, yi ya ; to be e. isa estrangement,
; n. rabuwa.
a thing which is e. to abin eternal, adj. hal (ovhar) abada,
gamawa; this is e. to that eunuch, n. babd or babani, pi.
waiinan ya yi ya wunchan. babdnni, laihi, marmdta.
equal, (fellow) tsdra, p].tsarare. euphorbia, n. kumkumiya,
equality, sauwi.
fidda-sartse, kyarana, tinya.
equivalent, n. wato*, watau*. European, n. ba-Ture, pi.
erase, tr. v. yin maimai, shdfa, Turawd^.
kankara. evade, to zuke.
srect, tr. V. tashe, tada, even, adj. 1. (smooth) dasamtsi.
3rr, intr. v. manta^ manche, kus- 2. ef. e. or odd chika
ko
kure, saha.
mara.
6—2
even 84 excel

even, adv. ko ; e. now ko yanzu. ka/archi, kafirchi ; e. thought

evening, n. mareche, maraiche bdkar zuchiya ; e. spirit ibilis ;

yamma late e. almauru^

;
e. speaking annam^imi e. ;

almuru^ magaruh, mcigariba, principle existing in the

mangariba, lisha, cf. under world duniya* ; e, doer mai-
rana; in the e, da mareche^ swaho ; to e. intreat kan-
da yamma; phr. I continue kanta.
travelling till e. ina yini evil, adj. m,ugu, fern, mugunya,
tafiya^ it is e. mareche ya yi; pi. Tniyagu, m,um/m,una* \ see

to depart in the e. maraita. bad.

eventually, adv. yauyau^ yo- ewe, n. tumkiya, pi. tumdki.
yo. exact, adj. sarai.
ever, adv. any time) da-
1. (at exactly, rab, rap ; it fits e. ya
have you ever
dai, taba, e.g. kama rab.

seen him 1 ka tdba ganinsa ? exactly, adv. tangas.

have you ever been to exaggerate, glna waiwai, yal-
Sokoto? ka tdbaje Sakwato ? wata labari.

2. (for ever) tutul, tutur, exalt, tr. v. daukaka, daiikake,

tutu, tutuk, tutut, hal (or m,aida girm,a.
har) abadd. exalted, part, (epithet applied
everlasting, adj. matuturchi, to God) ta'ala, madaukaka.
m,adawam,i*f matabbatawa*. examine, tr. v. dandana*, dan-
every, adj. duka, duk,kuUum*; dani* ; see look at.

everyone kowa, kowanne, example, n. koyi, nuni, koko-

fern, kowache, pi. kowddanne, ya* ; his e. kokoyansa.
see Gr. p. 18 everything
; exceed, tr. v. buway
duka komi, dukachin komi, Ji, zoba (S.) dada* ;
;
e. in
komi ; e. day kowache rana strength gargara, gagara.
e. morning kullum safe e. ; exceed, to e. in (have much
night kullum dare. of) yawaita.

everywhere, ko'ina. exceedingly, ainin.

evil, n. abin mugu, bannai, excel, intr. v. faye, ddra (S.),

m,ugunta, shara, shariri, yin fifiko, gota, girme ; to e.

gaya*, swabo, zunufi; zun- in size go/a ; who excelled^

ubi*, e. desire sha'awa; e. the other 1 wanene ya j\

disposition lalata, mugunta, wani ?

I
excellence 85 experienced

excellence, n.fiyayya.fiyayye, exercise, n. to take e. (by walk-

flko, kayatazwa, kwari. ing) yawo, wasa jiki ;
(by
except, adv. sai, sai dai, sai ko. riding) kilisa.
excess, n. abinda ya faye, exhausted, part, sumamme e. ;

ymva. land semu* (S.).

exchange, tr. v. sake, yin exhibit, tr. v. nuna, nuni,
miisaya, furfura, furfuri. gwada, goda.
exchange, in exchange for exhort, tr. v. gargada, galgada^
a bdkin, maimakin, sdbad da. wajabta.
exchange, to (barter) furfuri. exhortation, gargadi, galgadi.
excitement, n. kardya. exist, intr. v. kashi, kashe,
exclamation, n. (expressing wanzu ; see be.
astonishment or incredulity) expand, 1. tr. \. shimfiday
huha, hdba, kaiya, kdsa ;
(ex- shmfida.
pressing doubt or grief) wai ;
2. intr. v. yalwata, yin
words used as an e. maganar auki, yin abki, habama^.
zuchiya; e. of annoyance kash, expansion, auki.
gasa ; e. denoting exultation expect, tr. V. (to await with
woho, oho ;
(expressing pity or expectation) jira (to antici-
;

disgust) asha, hasha ;

(e. to pate) tam^aha, tammaha, yin
attract attention) ihu, uhu, tamaha, yin zojche.
nfu, yeho ; e. of welcome expectation, halamu, zax^he,
maraba; see also oho; an e. zdto ; unfulfilled expectations
used in driving sheep us, as tsamanin warabuka.
e. of despair wayuniya*' ; e. of expectorate, intr. v. tofi, fesa,
pleasure yauro ; see indeed. furja.
excrescence, e.g. a swelling expedition, military debe,
guda (S.). sd'ati.
excuse, n. huja, yarji*, ham- expel, tr. v. kora, kore.
zari, hanzari ; a poor e. expense, n., see cost.
gajeren hamzai'i ; he made expensive, adj. da tsada; phr.
e. ya yi sdne. it is too e. ya
fi tsada or ya
excuse, tr. v. gafara, yin faye tsada; to be e. yin
gafarta; phr, e. me ba ni
yarji, gafara. experienced, part, gwani,
executioner, n. hauni (K.). goni, pi. gwanaye.
expert 86 fail

expert, adj., see prec. with deep-set eyes mai-kwar-

explain, tr. v. waye, nuna, minido* ; a man with only
nuni, hadichi, yin fassara, one e. mai-ijiya na giida,
fasalta, habarta* ; phr. e. it to mai-kishin ido ; a blemish
meka gdya ma ni, amhato ni. in the e. lahani; watery e.
explanation, n. wayewa, nu- (i.e. desire) ruwan ido ; evil

nawa, fassara, fassaranta, e. kandu or kandun ido ;

azanchi. one with evil e. maye, fem.

extend, tr. and intr. v. yalwata^ mayya; to put the evil e.
seeexpand. on anyone jifa wani da ido ;
extended, be, intr. v. miTm. e. witness shaidan ido to ;

extensive, tafkeke*, tabkeke*. have dim eyes dindimi, dun-

extent, n. matsawa, matuka; dumi ; to look with eyes
see limit. nearly shut yin kankanin \

extinguish, tr. v. bishe, biche, ido.

kufuli*. eye-brow, gira, pi. girori^

extract, tr. w jawo, fisge,
. fizge, girai or girgira.
fusge, Jishe, fishshe, fushe ; to
e. juice etc. tatsa. fable, n. tatsuniya, pi. tatsuni-
exult, intr. v. yin rdha. yoyi, misali, almara*, fira*y
exulting, n. rdha. gdtana.
eye, n. ido, iphidanu, idanduna, pi. fuskoki and
face, n. fuska^
idanuwa ; eye-ball kwayar fuskuna, huska* to f. to- ;

ido; e. socket gurbin ido, wards the speaker gabdto ;

gulbin ido ;
pupil of e. ijiyar to f. in a given direction
ido, matsokachin ido ; eye- fuskanta f to f fuska biyu ;
; . .

brow gira, pi. girare ; e. -lashes to fall on the f. fadi jiche ;

kain ijiya ; ridge over the e. he looks one straight in the
kashin ido ; e.-glass madubin f. idonsa kirikiri ne.

ido; mucus from the e. fade, intr. ^'fafe^fofe, yaushiy

kwamtsa, kwamtso; diseases yin yaushi, (used of cloth)
of the e. hakiya^ hakanya, kwaki.
chizara, shawora ; cataract fading, adj. kwaki.
in thee, tsauriyaovtsawariya; fading away, part, kwdhe.
medicine for the eyes korino, fail, intr. v. (decay) rasu; (f.

fidilii giwa-kamba ; a man to keep a promise) kuskure^

 faint 87 far

kurkura ;
(fall short of) kdsa, falling, part, fddmva; f. into
gdza ; f . to get tdhe, tafe ruin rushewa] sound of f.

f. to understand rudi ; cf. glass kilin kilin, kirin kirin ;

he failed me in nothing ba f. in of a well burma.

ya kdsa una ni komi ha. false, adj. m^arorgaskiya ; to
faint, adj. sumamme. spread f. news kwarm^ato, chi-
I
faint, intr. v. yin suma, jin newa, tsinewa ; it is f. kariya
suma, suma, gaji. ne ; f. witness shaidan zur.
faintness, n. suma, jiri, ku- falsehood, n. kariya, kariya-
mallo, falfada (S.), farfada '
chi, zur.
(K.)-_ falsely, adv., to swear f. yin
fair, adj. kyau, da kyau, mai- kafara.
kyau. falsify, to kirfa.
faith, n. aiman, imani, amin- fame, n. ydbo.
chi* ; the faith of Islam familiarity, saho.
niusuluTYichi ; see believe. family,n., members of f. iyali,
faithful, adj. yardaji, salihi^, uma^, dangi.
pi. salihai*, mummuni, fern. famine, n. yunwa, farin yun-
[
mummuna ; the f . amintattu. wa.
faithfulness, n. aminchi. fan, n. fijiche, mafuchi, pi.
fakir, wali (Ar.), waliyi, pi. majilfichi (S.), vnafifichi,
waliyai. mafirfichi (K.); (made of
falcon, n. shafo, shaho. woven grass) faifai, "^A.faya-
fall, n.fdduwa, saraya. fai; f. made of ostrich
fall, intr. v. fddi, fdda, yin ieELthers,Jigina,Jigini (made
;

saraya, kucha*, sako; f. down of palm leaves) giginya, pi.

before anyone rusuna, run- gigangani, giginyoyi or gi-
suna* ; f. in (used of a ginai (for winnowing) ba-
;

well) gabche, gache, gwabche, kache, Tuatankadi, rereya,

abka, hurme ; make to f rairaiya.
goche ma ; f . upon falma, fan, tr. v. fifita, feta, bakache ;

farma, parma, haye ; f . in one who fans mai-bakache,

with tsayi, tsaya; to let a m,afechi.
thing f . fdda da ; to f. in fancy (supposition) usuwasi.
price, yin goino* ; to f . out fanning, Jijitd, jitara.
with sha bambam. far, adj. da nesa.
far 88 feather

far, adv. nesa ; as far as har, tunturum; one who is f.

hal, har ga, tun, tun da ; to mai-tumJ}i, m,ai-gato, mai-jiki,

place f. off nesanta. kutumba, gandi,iein. gandiya
farewell, n., to bid f. yin ban to grow f. yin kiba, taiba, yin
kwana, yin salama ; an ex- tiriniya ; to fatten kibata.
pression of f. sai wata rana. fate, n. jinkiri ; see destiny,
farm, n. gona, pi. gonaki or father, n. uba, pi. ubanne,
gonakai, karkara, pi. kar- ubannai or ubanni, bdbd
karai; farming aikin gona; father-in-law suruki.
owner or cultivator of a f. fathom, gdba.
mai-gona a farm lent by a
; fatigue, n. gdjiya, gdjewa,
master to a slave gayauna* ;
gajiyawa, gayara.
a f. labourer who works for fatigued, to be f. gaji, yin
wages kwadigo, dan kwadigo ;
gajiya.
f. work noma farming in ; fatness, n. taiba, tiriniya.
one place and living in an- fault, n. 1. (defect) aibi, aibu,
other nomijide. pi. aibobi.

fashion, n. (mode, custom) 2. (offence) laifi ; i. finding

hdli^ pi. halaye, yayi ; rings bimbini.
were the f. ana yayin mun- favour, n. alheri, tagomashi.
daye. favourite, dan tatangi f. wife ;

fast, n. dzumi ; the f. month mowa.

laharan. fear, n. tsoro, tunzura, dim^auta
yin dzumi.
fast, intr. v. (S.), tunzuruwa*, razdna,
fasten, tr. v. (e.g. with nails) gizo*, falgaba, fargaba, raki
kdfa (tie) damre, halla.
;
to cause f. bada tsoro, tsoratad

fastened, part, kafaffe, (closed) da, tsorata.

girkakke, fem. girkakkiya, pi. fear, tr. and intr. v. jin tsoro,

girkakku. razdna, rdzani, tsantsanta.

fastening (or loop), maballi. feast, n. buki, biki, idi, laiya,
fat, n. kiha, pi. kihohi, kitse, adaras* ; to make a f. yin
kiche (S.), m,aski (S.), kauri, buki.
kabri, gwabi', f. ofmeat mai. feasting, part. (esp. used of
fat, adj. da kiba, da gwabi, marriage f.) wasan buki.
mai-gwabi, da kauri, da feather, n. fikajike, fiffike, fika-
kabri, ginshim,i, da taiba. fiki, pi. fikajikai ;
fukafuki^
 fee 89 fez

pi. fukafuka% gashi* ; a wing fence, n. damfdmi, darni a ;

f. lili. f.round garden danga, pi.

fee, n. (paid by recipient of a dangogi a f made of stalks
; .

royal present) tukuichi, takwi- or thorns to keep in sheep,

chi ; market f. or the com- etc. shinge, skingi, shimgi,
mission paid to a broker in shimge, pi. shimgaye.
the market lada; a court f. fencing, n. (a game) sharo,
ijara, ujera*. takai.
feeble, adj. kumdma, mara^s- fern, hare's spear f. mashin
karifi. zomo ; elk's horn dafaddu.
f.
feebleness, n. kumamanchi. ferry, to f. across yin fito,
feed, 1. tr. v. (to supply with . ketarad da (S.), ketaras da
food) chida, chishe, kiwata, (K.), ketarshe (before a pron.).
chisad da, chiyar da. ferryman, n. sarikin ruwa,
2. intr. v. (to eat) kiwo. maketari, mai-jUo.
feeding, chima. festival, n. sallata.
feel, tr. v. to perceive by fetch, tr. V. kawo, zo da \ see
touching y^, taba\ to feel bring.
or grope for lalabe, lalaba; fetish, a f. spot matsafa,
to be aflfected ji ; to f. about fetters, n. malwa, mulwa (S.),
,
whilst searching fd/ake, md- pi.mulwoyi (S.) mdri, pi. ;

1
Tnare ; to f anything in order
. maruruwa, maluluwa, gigar,
i to test its weight jinjini ; to sarka, dilka.
f. afraid ji'm tsoro. feud, a blood-feud tarna.
\
feint, n. (pretended attack) fever, n. masassara, zazzabi,
zanzoma. jante, janti, gyante, mura]
fell, tr. V. (to cut down) sare. I have fever jikina ya yi
fellow, n. (partner, match) dumi a f. which occurs
;

kama, pi. kamannu ; tsara, when

the guinea-corn is ripe
pi. tsarare ; a f. traveller chiwo na sabon dawa.
maraki, marako. fever, to have f. yin zazzabi.
female, n. (of human beings few, adj. kddan, kankane, fern.
and animals) mache, pi. mdta ;
kankanuwa, pi. kankana,
phr. male and f. wane da kanana, tsaraurau, kvma.
wanche. fez, Ti.fula, wula*,fulan dara,
female, adj. ta-mata, ta-mache. fulad dara, tagiya.
fibre 90 fine

fibre, n., f. of palm tree kaba ;

f. full chikakka; to f. up a.

a f. used for making rope hole turbude ;

phr. fill them
tsaiwa. up kawo chikonsu.
field, n. a cultivated f. fil% pi. filled, part, chikakke, fem.
jilaye; fagaigai;
fako, pi. chikakkiya, pi. chikakku ; to
gona, pi. gonaki or gonakai ; be f . chika.

a barren f. sabra, saura (Z.) filling, part, chikawa.

a very large f. karkara, pi. filter, n. (usually in form of
karkarori. small basket through which
field-mouse, gyabji, gyauji. water is strained out) marari^
fierce, adj., to be f. haukache. abin rlga, maregi.
fiercely, adv. da kangara, zafi, filter, tr. v. rare, twatsa, tatsa^
fifteen, adj. goma sha biyar tache, rege (S.) ; one who filters

(or biyal) sha biyar. TYiai-rarewa.

|
fifteenth, adj. na-goma (fern. filtering, rlga, tachewa, lata. I
'
ta-goma), sha biyar. filth, n.dauda.
fifth, adj. na-biyar, fem. ta- filthiness, janaha.
biyar one f. humusi.
; filthy, adj. da dauda ; to be f.

fifty, adj. hamsin. yin najasa.

fig, n., f.-tree itachen baure; fin, (of a fish) kd/a.
t fruit baure ; for other finch, a species of, with grey-
species of ticus see chediya, blue plumage and red tail

gamji (S. ), ganji (K.), durumi, sisita; black-headed weaver

kawuri or kawari shirinya, f. shaida; fire f. baiwar
uwar yara, wa, rubiya. Allah; widow f. or Whydah
fight, n. fdda, faraa^ kokuwa^ bird, or widow weaver za-
kokowa, yaki, jayaya or ja- laidu, zulaidu.
yaiya, sabuwa. find, n., e.g. treasure-trove
fight, intr. v. fdda, yin fdda, galala.
yin fama, yin kokowa, yin find, tr. V. samu, same, sami,
jayaya. sama ; try to f tuske, tuski
.
;

file, n. zarto, darto^^ maga- to f out (discover)

. kaga ; to
gari*. f. and bring samo. m
file, tr. V. gurjago, gurzago fine, n. tara, taro.
"

to f. a sword yin akaras. fine, 1. adj. (thin, delicate)

fill, tr. V. chika, yin fal ; to laushi, da taushi.
fineness 91 fish

2. (beautiful) da kyau fire-finch, haiwar Allah.

very f, kdlo halo ; very f dimin dawa, make-
fire-fly, n.
thread arafia. suwa, mai-kesuwa, mai-kya-
fineness, arafichi, rahsh% roshi, suwa.
taushi. firewood, n. itachen wuta^
^nger, n. ydtsa, pi. ydtsosi, kirari, kirare.
ydtsu; the little f. autan fireworks, n. wasan wuta;
j/atsa, dan kure ; middle £. (display of) wowo.
ijatsan tsaka ; f.-nail farch% firmament, n. hawa*, sama*.
farche, kamhari, kumba, pi. first, adj. na-fari, fem. ta-fari.
kumbuna or kumbai, danuha. first, adv. da farko,
na-farko,
finish, n., see end. da fdri, tukun, tukuna to ;

finish, V. kdre, kark%wanya, be f. to do anything wada,

wanyi, wanye, gdma^ guma, I am the f. to come na wada
fuka, tuke, Ida, shide. zuwa.
finished, part, kafaffe, fem. fish, n. klji, pi. kifaye, kifofi;
kafaffiya or kafaffa, pi. mud- or lung-f. gaiwa; elec-
kafaffu ; phr. it is f. ya kare, tric cat-f. minjiriya, miji-
ya tsaya tammat*; he f. speak- riya, misiriya ; large f from .

ing ya yi magana ya kare the ; which oil is obtained gin%

month is f. wata ya mutu. zau ; a kind of dog-f. kardya ;
fire, n. wuta, pi. wutaitai, a shell-f. kuTnba*, pi. kum-
nmtache murufu,
; fire-place buna* ; a flat f . with reddish
inurfu which has burnt
; a f. snout kuma ; cat-fish rag on
downru/ushi, rubshi, rabchi* ; ruwa, tarwada, mari, ku-
restoration of a dying f. rungu, gwando (S.), gartsa
(jwamin wuta to light a f. ; (K.), kulme ; sting-ray ku~
fura wuta, hasa wuta to ; ndmar ruwa; with a a f.

catch f. chin wuta make a ; belly like a frog talibamban

;

large f. gdsa; to strike f. thread-fin abokin taru, Nile

with a flint kyastu wuta ; to perch giwar ruiva ; cichlid
miss f. (of a gun) fasa, yin perch karpasa, karfasa, kar-
kariya ; to f. a gun halbi (or pashe, gargaza ; tiger-f. tsage,
buga) bindiga; a f.-swallower kawara, shambana ; mormyr
kumuria. lulu, dan sariki ; a f. like
fire-brand, bakin wuta. a salmon fallya, fariya;
fish 92 flax

for other species of f. see fit, to, cf. it fits exactly ya

under gargaza, baramchi, kama rab (or rap) ; that
bana, boddmi, dummi, hariya, which is fitting sawaba.
ishi, kuku, milgi, rajiya, silla, fit, adj. da ya kam^ata, sawabe*,
sololuwa, yauni ; f. bones sawaba*.
kayan kifi ; a hand-net for fitting, be, intr. v. kamata,
catching f. koma, homa,/oma gam^she, gam,a*.
a spear for catching f . hagu ; five, adj. biyar (K.), biyal
. a f. trap murumuru, sankuja (Kats.), biyat (S.) ; f. thou-
(K.), sankiya ; wicker-work sand hamsa*, q.v.
snares for catching f. tsatsara, fix, to f. a tax yanka gandu
sasasara; a cord or stalk to f a price yanka kurdi
.
;

on which f. are carried leshi. see fasten.

fish, tr. V. sunta, sunche, intr. fixed, to be 1, e.g. in a tree
yin/atsa, kama kifi ; f. with runguma.
small hand-net su. flag, n. tuta, pi. tutochi.
fisherman, n. masunta, pi. flame, n. halshen wuta (lit.

masu-su, dan fatsa, masun- tongue of fire), balbalniya.

chi. flap, v., to f. the wings fuffuka,
fishing, sunta ; a place for f fiffika.
masunta. flapping, e.g. of wings fuffuka,
fishing-basket, sum.
fishing-hook, kugiya, pi. kugi- flat, a f. place without trees
yoyi, fatsa, kugiyar fatsa. kanga; he fell f. ya fadi
fishing-line, igiyarfatsa^ mam- kUa.
mari, marimari, murumuru, flatten, tr. v. nana.
murimuri. flattened, part, nananne, na-
fishing-rod, itachen fatsa. nake.
fissure, e.g. in stick or rock flattery, n. kirari, lallashij

gebe. ban magana, godo, yin godo,

the f. tunkushe
fist, n., to close ;
ma-abanchi.
to with the f. dan-
strike flavour, n. gardi, zaki, zazza-

kwasa, dankwashe, naushe ;

ka* the nut has a good
; f.

see box. gyada tana da gardi.

fit, n. (fainting f.) gamata^ flax, n. string made of f.

falfada. kirtani.

I
 flay 93 fly

flay, tr. v. feda^ fede, fida, fide, floor, n. 1. (for threshing)

fiye*, figi*, saba, sahe. masussuka.
flaying, rlda. 2. to stamp down a f.

flea, n. tunkwiyo, tunkwiya^ ddbe.

chichifi ;
pite pite f. tsando, florin, fataka*, pataka*.
kuma. flour, n. gdri ; the coarse f.

flee, intr. v. gudu, guje, furche, which is separated from the

tsire,yin chiri,J\jffika,fuffuka, finerf. of wheat tsdki ; f.

tunzura,sukuwa, suka, su- mixed with water tally a*.

kwani, ruga, rugo ; a place flourish, intr. v. yalwata.
to which to f. ivurin gudu ; flow, inti'. V. f. quickly tum-
to make to f. rauga ; see budu ; to f together sqje.
.

drive away. flower, n. fure, pi. furanyi,

flesh, nama, pi. namomi,
n. furaye ; a plant with a
namuna; uncooked f. nama thistle-like flower which
danye (bush-meat) naman
;
grows in cultivated fields
daji ; cooked f . ddfau. (Vernonia perottetii) burzu.
flight, n. gudu, guduwa, chiri, flute, n. algaita, algaitu, sare-
fartat*; to put to f. hadajanfi*. wa, sheshe (K.) a reed from ;

flint, n. kyastu, ketu, kyetu which flutes are made kusum-

f. in a f. lock gun damishi, buruwa.
kankara, dutsim hindiga ; to fly, n. (common house f.) kuda,
strike fire with a f. kyastu kuje, pi. kudaidai ;
kudaje,
wuta ; f . and steel for striking horse f. gwarje, bobuwa, bar-
a light masabi, masebi. baje, damisan dawaki; a
float, used by fishermen, made piece of leather placed on
of twigs karu. horses' eyes to keep off flies

flock, n. garke, garge (S.), pi. furtali, futali ; fire-fly dimin

garkuna. dawa ; sand-f. fiffilwa, filfil-
flog, tr. V.fyada, fyade, doke, wa, kyafirfita, kiyashi, kudan
buga, yin kurfu, yin buldla, garke ; a large horse f.
fiade. makafon kuda ; dragon-f.
flogging, n. kurafu, kurfu, masu ; a large biting f.

karfu*, fyddi, kdshi. tsanji.

flood, n. rigyawa, chikowa, fly, intr. v. (of a bird) shawage,
L chichikowa, tabki, malala*. jawagi*.
foal 94 for

foal, n. dukushi, fem. dukusa, marmashi; to gather f. for

pi. dukusai, dan dukushi. the poor tarbata (S.).

foam, n. kunfa, kumfa, kwmpa. fool, n. wawa, pi. wawaye,

foam, to yin kunfa. hauka, magagachi, afalalu,
fodder, kansuwa, kyasuvja ; see badada, bada-bada, dolo, gabo,
grass. hamsoro, limota (S.), loto,ieui.

foetus, of animals tdyi. lotuwa 7)iai-wauta, mawauta^

;

fog, n. hdzOj kdsashi. mahaukachi, fem. mahau-

foggy, adj. da hazo. kachiya, pi. mahaukata ;

fold, n. (for sheep, etc.) garke, foolish talking badagula, they

garge (S.), pi. garkuna, turke, talked foolishly sun yi bo-

pi. turdku (K.), turuka (S.), bawa ] a f. who pays without

rugga ; cutting folds of cloth counting ba-turen chacha.
kirfawa. foolish, da wawa.
fold, tr. V. (cloth, etc.) nimka, foolishness, n. wawanchi,
linke, yd/a, yd/o, kunsa, hauka, mabuya, barkwanchi ;

kuns/ie, lauya, tdkura. foolish talking badagula

folding, (the arms) huku; tawa, gaga (S.).

f. cloth rihiye. foot, n. kdfa, pi. kafafu, kafoji,

foliage, n. ganyen itache. kafuna a f regarded as a
; .

follow, tr. V. bi ; t a path bi measure of length tdki, pi.

hariya ; to f. in the direction tdke-tdke, tdki-tdki ; a foot-
of the speaker biyo ; following print sau, sawu ; foot- rings
(esp. used of loyalty to a munduwaycn kdfa ; sole of
patron) biyeya, biyawa. f. tajin kdfa, mataki, pi.

followers, n. masu-bi. matakai; tendons of f,

folly, n., see foolishness. matsarbaje (S.) ; on f . «^ kdfa]

fond, adj. tobef oiyinmarmari.
. a f. soldier dan-kasa, sa'ati*.
fondling, n. act of f. lalaba, footman, e.g. a man who
walks in front of a chief's
food, n. chima, chimaka, abin- horse zdgi, pi. zaga^i. -
ch% tuwo*, jibi* ; much f. footstool, mataki.
machiya; f. shared in com- for, 1. prep, (for the sake of)

mon chiydya; a calabash domin, don for his sake;

full of f. kabaki, pi.kabuka ; dominsa ; see account of ;

remains of f. sanso, sud% (in view of) ga.

forbearance 95 fortunate

2. conj. (because) /a, zama. forget, tr. v. manche^ shdgala

forbearance, n. hankuri, da, yin mantutva, manta.
hankura, hakura, hakuri. forgetfulness or forgetting,
forbid, tr. V. dakile, harm. n. mantuwa, sakafchi.
force, n. tllas, karifi ; by f, forgive, tr. v. yafe, yafe ma,
da tilas, til as, dole, doli ; to gafarta, yin gafara, yarda
use f. yin tllas, tilasa (K.), f. me ka yi Tnini gafara.
tilasda (S.) ;
phr. I was forgiveness, n. gafara, gafar-
forced to go na taji tilas or ta.

wajibi ne na tafi. fork, n. (iron toasting f.) rino,

ford, n. mahayi, maketari, rinu ; the f of a bifurcating
.

mashigi. stick gofa, gwafa ; a stick

ford, to hayi. with a f. in it itache maigofa.
forearm, n. gaba, kusun-hannu, forked, adj., af. stick shishini'
bauni (S.), pi. baunukka. ya (S.), shushiniya (K.) ; a f.

forefather, n., ancestor,

see iron stick on horse's neck
forefinger, n. manuni. kasagi.
forehead, n. goshi. forlornness, n. kewa, kiwa.
foreign, adj. ajaini* ; f. (i.e. form, n. (shape) kama, supa*,
unintelligible) bobawa, bau- sifa.
bawa, pi. bobayi ; i. speech former, adj. nafari; the f....

bauchi. the latter wanchan . . wan-

foreigner, n. Ture*, ba-Ture ;
chan.
that which pertains to a f. formerly, adv. dazu, dafari;
turanchi. in former times na da ; as
foresight, tdnadi (S.). in former times kaman na da.
foreskin, loba, sulli. fornication, n. shakalichi,fasi-
forest, n. rukuki, daji, ddwa ;
kanchi.
dense f. kurmi, kurumi, fornicator, Vi.mashakalchi,sha'
kumchi*. kali, bambagi, maifasikanchi.
forethought, n. hankali, ta- forsake, tr. v. bari, bar.
nadi (S.). forthwith, adv. nan da nan,
forge, n. (anvil) makera worker ; ana nan, ko yanzu.
at a f. (blacksmith) makeri, fortunate, adj., it was f. ya yi
inai-ktra, pi. mukira, makeri. arziki; to be f. yin daula;
forge, tr. V. klra. see lucky.
fortune 96 frequent.

fortune, n. (prosperity) arziki, fracture, kariya, karaya ; see

a man of f. mawadachi, pi. break.
mawadata ; good f gamon- . fragment, n. gutsura, pL
katar. gutsure, guntu, guntun abu,
forty, adj. arhdin. fara (S.) ; f. of broken pots,
forward, adv. gaba; to move etc. sakaina, tsingaro (S.),.

a little f. guso, gurguso. katanga.

foster, f. mother uwal rufi ;
francolin, see partridge.
f. child dangana* ; one frankincense, n. turare; small
who fosters tallafi, gona box for f. dan lulu a tuber ;

to act as a f. parent tallafa^ from which f. is made kajiji,

taulafa. gajiji ; f. tree hano, ararra-
foul, i.e. to make muddy gur- hi.

hache. fraud, n., see deceit.

foundation, n. gato, gindi; free, adj., one who is f. da^
f. of a wall tushi, tushiya. diya.
founded, part, kdfaffe, fem. free, tr. v. hari, hada diyauchiy
kafaffiya, pi. kdfaffu. yanchi, ymitas, yauta dUy
fountain, n. maromaro, mar- diyanta, yanta, kwankwan-
maru. che, sdka, yin sdki, sawanta.
four, fudu^ hudu (Zanfara),
did], freed, part, hararre, fem. harar-
pudu (Daura), arha^a*, arha^ riya, pi. bararru.
by fours fudu fudw, four freedom, n, yanchi, diyauchiy
each furfudu. diyanchi, diyantaka, sdk%
fourteen, adj. goma sha fudu, sawani a certificate of f.
;

shafudu. laya, layan diyauchi ; f given .

fourth, adj. na-fudu, fem. ta- to a slave on the death

fudu ; f. day chitta. of his master muddhar (S.),

fowl, n. kdza, pi. kaji; speckled madabar.

fowls wakewaken kaji; a f. frenzy, n. wdhami, hauka.
plucked for cooking shikir- frequent, adj., see often.
kita* \ a place where fowls frequent, tr. v. (visit often)
are kept akurki ; a f laying . expressed by use of kan with
eggs dakwaluwa. verbs meaning to go to ; he
fox, n. long-eared f. nyanyawa, frequents the place ya saba
yanyawa. da wuri.
 fresh 97 fruitful

fresh, adj. sdbo, fem. sdbuwa, frog, n. talibambam*,kwado, pi.

pi. sababbi; applied to plants,
kwaddi, kwadodi ; small dark
etc., fem. ganye*, danye, coloured f. warnu ; an edible
danya, pi. danyu or danyoyi, f. burdudugi, burtutiki ; tree
Friday, n. aljimma, aljimmu'a, f. tsumbe bull f. kozo.
;

jumma'a, jummu'a, jinima'a, frog-spit, or cuckoo-spit, kum-

jiinniu'a.
/a, kakas.
fried, part, soyayye, fem, so- from, prep, ddga (when fol- ;
yayya, pi. soyayyu. lowed by the personal pro-
friend, n. aboki, fem. abokiya, nouns) ddga gare; tun, f. birth
abuya, pi. abokai, abokanai, tun haifuwa ; f. within ddga
kciwci) masoyi, fem. masoya, chiki', f. afar ddga nesa.
pi. masoyu; maso, pi. niaso- front, n. gdba, pi. gdbobi,
wa; tsara, kama,ip\. kamanu ; goshi ; in I a gdba ; in f of.

dmi-mva, yan-uwa; zumu,

pi.
gdban; to go in f. tsaitse
fem. zumunya, juna, amini*^
go in f ku chi gdba ; he
. !

•sahibi*, sahabi*, dangi, got in f. of us ski ya rlga mu.

danya, pi. dangogi', makwab- front, to doshi, dosa, doso ; he
chi, pi. Diakwabta: friends fronted them ya doshe su.
tsarare; my friends yan- frontier, iyaka; a f. town
tiwana.
kai7i iyaka.
friendship, n. abtita, zumun- froth, n. kun/a, kum/a f. ;
chi, ztcmunta, halin aboki, skimmed off in making bread,
shiriya, dan-dadi-dadi.
etc. kulli, kullu f at mouth
; .

fright, n. tu7izuru, tunzuruwa,

of a dying man dafara.
tsoro.
frown, intr. v. damre fuska,
1 frighten, tr. v. tsorata, bada yin bakin (or bakar) fuska,
tsoro, yin ruba, burga to f.
;
jirkitafuska, murtsukafuska.
or be frightened Jirgita, frowning, n. hardra*.
Jirgiche, razana. fruit, n. (of trees) dan itache,
fringe, giraza, geza ; a f for .
diyan itache, yayan itache ;
horses' eyes hutali,
futali, (of grains, etc.) kwara,
fiirtali.
kwaya; the f. of the earth
fro, going to and f. yauchi, diyan kasa, yan kasa.
zdgo ; to go to and f. zazzaga, fruitful, adj.,
epithet an
zazzage, kai da kawo. applied to corn mai-ido.
R. H. D.
fruitless 98 game

fruitless, adj., e.g. f. toil aikin future, adj. (= that is to come)

mai-zutva; in f., adv. zut
wofi.
fry, tr. v. soya. gdba.
frying, suya.
fuel, n., firewood,
see gadfly, bobuwa, bubu (S.).

fugitive, n. gujaje, mai-gudu, gag, n. majanga.

korarre, pi. korarru inaguje, ;
gain, n. riba; unlawful g.

maguji, pi. magudane, ma- kura, riba, haramiya ; to

guda. make unlawful g. chin riba,

Fulah, pr. n., a F. native chin haramiya, chin kura.

ba-Fillache, ba-Fillata, ha- gall, n. madachi, saifa, dwatana,
Fillatana, Fulata, pi. Fillani, ruwan dwatana; g. bladder

Fulani; the F. language matsarmama.

Fillanchi, Fulatanchi ; the gallant, mai-dauki.
F. people Fulhe. gallantry, n. dauki.
fulfil, to chika ; to £. a promise gallop, n. suka, pi. sukaikai;
cMka alkawali. at a g. a sukwane.

full, adj. cMkakke, fem. cMkak- gallop, intr. V. yin sukuwa,

kiya, chikakku a chike,
pi. ; sukuwa, sukaya, sukayo, su-
fem. a chika, pi. a chiku (f to ; . kani, sukwani ; a place for

thehrim) fau; see complete. horses to g. masukwani, /age.

yayalwachi. galloping, a place for g.
fulness, n.

funeral, n. biso ; lamentations masukwani.

makoki. gambler, n. bakanchi, dan
at a f.

fungus, a club-shaped f. which chacha ; see ba-turen chacha.

grows on ant-heaps tumukun gambling, n., a game for g.

suri. chacha, alfowa, ddra, modi',

funnel, mazurari. to throw down money in g.i

yin wasa da kurdi see mu^
furbish, tr. v. (e.g. a sword) ;

kuda. zuru.

furrow, n. kwdri, pi. kwaru- gambol, kiriniya, tsalle-tsalle.

ruwa, kwdre (S.), rumaniya ;
game, n. wargi games played ;

to draw a f karta furrows on

. ;
by children karkachi, darei
the cheeks karrara maya{S.). gdre, gyauga, lambe (S.), l(m

(=more distant) laya, langa, shillalo, tulatuM

further, adj.
ubulunguwi, runfuki, wdhd
mqfi nisa.
 game 99 giddy

dokin wuya, zure, izgili g. ;

gate, n. kofa, pi. kofofi-, gate-
played by fortune-tellers in way, see doorway,
order to discover secrets gather together, 1. tr. v. tara.
dirka; a g. played with 2. intr. v. taru^ gayya.
cowry shells dara] a gam- gathered, part, a tara, a taru,
bling g. chacha ; a call to tararre, fern, tararra, pi.
join in a g. shu, shiyo, or ta7'a7'ru.
shiyu ; a wrestling g. giimaza ; gathering, n., e.g. of people
a fencing g. toA;ai, sAaro. before a king kindigaye see
;

game, n. (food) naman daji. assembly,

gaol, see prison, gaze, n. kallo, tsokachi.
gap, e.g. between two teeth gaze at, tr. v. kallo, tsokachi,
wishiriya. choka/ihi, dauro, doro^, nuri^,
gape, intr. v. yin hamma. (generally in a bad sense) yin
gaping, n. hamma. zuru.
garden, n. danga, pi. dangogi ;
gazelle, n., see antelope,
Jambu, pi. lambuna, aljanna*. generosity, n. baiwa.
gardener, n. mai-gona*. generous, adj. da kdra.
gargle, n. wanken makoshi genii, n, jinnu ; see demons,
gargling, n. kurkura. gently, adv. sanu, sannu, lako-
garlic, n. ta/arnuwa, pi. ta- lako, sdko-sdko.
farnai ; taparnuwa. genuine, adj., g. money kurdi
garment, n. riga, pi. riguna tsaba.
old garments tsumma, pi. Germany, pr. n. (used in
tsummoki, keso, pi. kyassa, North Africa) Bursiya.
ragga; see clothes, gesture, a g. expressing dis-
gamer, n. (a place for storing approval ambola, dakuwa.
grain) rufogo, rafoniya, rum- get, tr. V. samu, same, sami,
bu, ru/etva. sama, samo out
; g. ! je ka,
garnished, part, gyartache, fem. je ki g. along ku yi ta
;

fern, gyartachiya, pi. gyar- tajiya.

tattu. ghost, n. fatalwa, m,agiro.
^asp, intr. V. (for breath) yin giant, gazaguru.
n.
fuka, shesheka, shasheka; one giddiness, n. gigichi, jiri,
who gasps mai-fiichi. hamani.
Jasping, n. haki (S.), shashaki. giddy, adj. phr. I am kahia
g.

7—2
gift 100 gnashing

shina kewayewa or ina jin giver, n. mai-bada, mabaya*.

jiri ; to be g. gigita ; to make gizzard, of a bird kundu.
g. dame, ddma. glad, to be, intr.
v. yin farin-

gift, n. kyauta, kaya, pi. kaya- yin (or jin) murna.

chiki,
yaki, ahin gaisuwa, haiko gladden, tr. v. bada (or sa)
free g. alheri; g. given to murna, faralta.
conciliate tsaraha, see bribe ;
gladiolus, a wild rimana, ru-
gifts coll. baiwa. mana.
gimlet, n. berlma, mararaki. gladness, n. farin-chiki, m,ur-
gin, n. (for animals) tarko. na.
gin, n. (a spirit) baraza, barasa. gland, kaluluwa.
ginger, chitafo, chitan Afo. glass, n. mddubi ; a dish made
giraffe, rakumin daji, rakumhi of g. tamgaram,, kwachiya*^
ddwa. pi. kwachaye; a looking-g.
gird, tr. V. damre, daure, dam- mddubin ido, matsokachi ;
7'a, yin damdra, darmi*. the sound of falling g. kilin
girded, part, damrarre, pi. kilin, Mri kiri, girin-girin.
damrarru. glean, tr. v. kdldta, yin kdla^
girdle, n. damarichiki, damdra^ yin saura (or sabra).
Tore,
madamrin chiki, tamantaka* gleaning, roro.
ag. made with copper tagula, gleanings, n. (of a harvest)
tugida, tagura ; a g. of cloth kdla, saura*.
taraya a woman's g. gyauto,
; glorious, adj. (of God) j alia*.
dan gy auto, jigida; a woman's glory, n. daraja, darajiyaf
g. of beads tsakiya, kwdtana; girma*.
a g. of cowries kiribi. glove, n. rigar hannu.
girl, n. yarinya, pi. yam-mata, glue, n. danko*,
diya ; a young g. tantabara. glutton, n. mai-loma, mach%

girth, ri. (of a horse) bauji ; a pi. machiya, mai-rida, mafS^

g. strap majayi, kaitaro. lashi, mai-kwa7'aka.
give, tr. V. ba, bdda, bashi, gluttonous, zwari.
bay as, baya* ',
to g. back gluttony, may in chi, zivari,l
bayas da ; to g. up bayas, zari; see greed,
bayar, sallame, bdda, bashi, gnash, tr. v. tamna hakori.
yarda bashi* ; to g. alms gnashing, n. (of teeth) tsu,

yin sadaka. hahori.

gnaw 101 gorge

gnaw, to chisya, chizga, gur- gonorrhoea, chiwon sanyi,

yura. masuna, fyauka.
go, intr. V. taji, je, zaka, zatsa*, good, adj. ndgari, fem. tdgari,
to be about to go za ; to go pi. ndgargaru, mai-kyau,
round a place ziyara, zaga, kyau, kekyawa^ salihi; phr.
zagi to go before gahdta,
; g. or bad fari ko baki ; g.

gabdche to go forth fita

;
used as an exclamation to ; g.

to go away kau to go con- ;

morning sa7iti da safe, sanu
stantly to a place shishiga; da rana; g. evening (on
to go as far as tusga, tusge ;
parting) sai da safe, (on
go with a person tare ; to meeting) sa7iu da dare good- ;

go to meet tariye go out ;

bye for the present sai an
of fita to go by night hi
; jima g. news albishir g.
; ;

dare ; to go after a wife in news for you albishirinka

order to bring her home a g. disposition kyakyawan
hiko ;
phr. go on with what hali;something g. abin ki-
you are doing yi ta yi. 7'iki see under sanu.
;

goat, n. akwiya, akuya, akwuya, good-bye, to say ba7i kwana.

pi. aivaki ; he-goat hunsuru, goodness, n. 7iagarta, naga?--
pi. bunsurai or hunsuraye ;
chi, kyauta (of flavour, etc.);

a young g, hui'guma ; a long- zaki.

haired species of g. huzu- goods, n. dukiya, pi. dukoki
ruvKt ; a speckled g. gitsawa or dukiyoyi ',
kaya, pi. kaya-
(S.), gwalande ; a vicious g. yaki; g. for sale haja,faja*',
tvatsatsi^ fem. watsatsiya ; old (property) tarkache.
lean g. guzuma ; a castrated goose, n. dumya, dinya ; a
g. <a6re, to?*re ; beard of a wild g. gdba*.
g. rairo, rero; a g. in milk gore, n. jini.
karduwa. gore, tr. v. (of horned animals)
goat-sucker, see night-jar. tu7ie, tunkuda, tunkuji or
God, pr. n. Allah, the plural tunkwiyi, e.g. the bull and
allohi is used of idols. the cow gored each the other
going, part, tafiya ; they are sa da saniya suka tunkuda
g. suna tafiya ; a g. away junansu ; soka, soke or soki
with intens. sossoke.
gold, n. zinariya. gorge, n. 1. see throat.
gorgeous 102 grandmother

2. (a narrow defile) kwa- salaha; the body of a g. as

zazzabo. opposed to the sleeves [han-'
gorgeous, adj. (splendid) na nuiva) uwar riga.
ado e.g.J g. robes riguna na grace, n. (favour, free gift)
ado (or masu-kawa). jinkai, aikin gajhi'a, alheri,
goro-nut, n. goro, pi. gwarra; kyauta ; he showed g. to us
see kola-nut. ya yi ma mu alheri.
gory, adj. da jini, na jini, sai graceful, da nasiya, da nasiha.
gracious, adj. (of God) karimu,
gospels, tlie linjlla. good g. ! haba mana.
gossip, n. 1. (talk) raushi, grain, n. 1. kwara, kwaya, pi.

roshi, tadi, waiwai, algungu- kwarori; g. that springs up

manchi, kwarmato, azuzan- which has
of itself ^2/^mro ; g.
chi, hira. been kept a long time suna ;
2. concr. an idle talker, g. which has been husked
a gossip alguagumi, pi. al- surfe.
gunguma,, azilji, sururi (S.). 2, fig. grains (as of sand)
gourd, n., a plant whose fruit barbadi.
is either eaten or formed grain, receptacle for, n. taska,

into cups and calabashes; pi. taskoki, rufogo (K.), ra-

among the various kinds foniya, rufewa (S.), 7'umbu,
which are eaten are kahewa tsunjiya.
(K.), kubewa (S.), goji^ kabus, grammar, nahau, nahauri ;

karamiya; among those used one who is learned in g.

as vessels are kwariya, korya^ nialamin nahau.
kurtu^ masaki, maseki, and grand, adj. (important) babba^
duma ; see also baska, guro pi. many a; mai-girma, pi.

(S.), jallo (K.), tsana (S.). masu-girma.

gourds, roots of, coll. n. yado. grandchild, n. jika, fem.
govern, v. (rule, reign) mal- jlkanya, pi. jikoki^ jlkannu;
laka; see rule. a great g. tabakunne.
governor, n. hdkimi*, pi. granddaughter, n., see prec.
hdkimaij ma^arauchi, wakili grandfather, n. kdka, pi.
sariki is sometimes used in kakanni, uban uba, e.g. your
this sense. g. uban ubanka.
gown, n. riga, pi. riguna^ grandmother, n. kdkanya.
grandson 103 great

grandson, n., see grandchild. (Eragrostis tremula) bum-

grapes, forest g. tsibir-kinkini, bu7'uwa, bubbuTwa; a low
chihir-kiyikini. coarse g. birbiro, birobiro ;

grasp, with the hand, tr. v. a g. eaten by horses gadagi,

junka, rumchi, rumtse, jimke garaji, larnbusu ; a g. for
with the arms (to embrace) making brooms tsmtsiya
rungume. plaited tsawa ; a
g. tsaiiva,
grasping, adj. fig. (covetous, soft yan-hutu
hairy g. g. ;

greedy) da rowwa, maro- used for thatching shifchi,

tvachi. ydma, yantso, bunu,ip\. bUnai,
grasping disposition, n. daudau ; a g. used in making
rowwa, kawazuchi. mortar datsi a g. shelter or ;

grass, n. 1. gen. chiyawa, pi. hut dabi (S.) see also bun- ;

chiyayi, yayi, haki, pi. hakii- surun daji, gazama, karareyo,

kutua ;
green g. chiyawa, machara (K.), tuji (Eleusine
da7iye, haki, pi. hdkuiva; indica), burgu (Panicum sp.),
green which has recently
g. harkiya or harikiya ( Digitaria
sprung up tsatse (S.). debilis),
2. spec, of various kinds grasshopper, dindiba, dun-
and uses : Bermuda or dub- kurkuda; green g. askalaya
g. kiri-kiri or tsirkiyar zomo ; (S.) ; spotted g. ivukar sariki
comb fringe g. gude-yude', (lit. king's knife).
cuscus g. g. jema
or Vetiver ;
gratitude, maida girma.
elephant yambama, ham-
g. gratuitous, adj. banza.
banui, dawar kada prickly \
grave, n. kushewa, kusheya*,

bur g. karangiya] Spanish pi. kusheyi, kushewoyi, ma-

reed g. gabara ; a grass used kwanchi, kdbari, kabri, wurin
for filling cushions roba, pi. I
bisne, vnirin kushewa.

roboba, robuna ; a g. append- gravel, n. tsdkuiva..

age worn by certain pagan \

graze, v. 1. tr. kiwo.
tribes takatsara ; dried or I 2. intr. of cattle id.
chopped g. for horses in- grease, n. mai.
girichi or ingirochi; un- j
greasy, to be or become ndshe,
dried g. as fodder karisuwa, ndshi.
j

kyasuwa, komayya ; a g. great, adj. 1. (both physically

eaten in times of famine !
and morally) babba, pl.manya
great 104 grief

or maya, mai-girma, da gir- algasUy tsamva, chamva dark ;

ma ; a g. king sariki habba g. kore, fem. koriya, pi.

or hahhan sariki; very g. kwarrai ; light g. kore-kore

(very important) many a g. esp. applied to g. dyed
manya. leather korino.
2. (quantitatively and of 2. (fresh) of plants etc.

degree) da yawa. danye or danyi, pi. danyoyi,

3. spec, applied to God danyu.
jalla*, jalala*, dkhar*. greet, tr. v. 1. gaida, gaishe,
4. of one in authority as gaisa,yin/awo, e.g. I greeted
a king or prince madau- the man and he accepted my
kaki. greeting na gaida mutum ya
great, to declare g., v. 1. (to karbagaisuivata ; we g. muna
honour) girmama. gaisuwa; I g. thee a gaishe
2. kabbar*, e.g. to declare ka.
that God is g. kabbar ga 2. (of religious salutation)
allah akbar. yin salatu ; we g, muna
3. to be g. bunkdsa, kasaita. salmawa.
greater, adj. comp. mafi-girma, 3. to g. by shaking the
pi. masu-fi-girma ; in the hand jinjina to wave or ;

absence of superl. forms the extend the hand in greeting

idea is expr. by phr. ya fi mika hannu, e.g. I greeted
duka or ya fi kowa appended them with my hand and
to the adj.; he was greater departed na mika ma su
than he ya fifiche shi. hannu na tafi.
greatness, n. gii'ma, zati. greeting, n. gaisuwa.
greed, n. rowwa, marowwachi, grey, e/b, turning g., as from
tsumulmula (K.). age furfura.
greedy, adj. da rowwa, zargi, grief, n. 1. (pain of mind,
bahilchi, mayinchi, hadamaj sorrow) naddm^a, ladwma.
kanwa, kwalama, Tnachi, 2. (cause of pain or sorrow)
zwari, makwadaita, mai-kwa- wahala.
; raka^ ma/dlashi, mai-kur- 3. (expression of grief)
musu*, marowwachi. ktika, e.g. he made great
green, adj. 1. (the colour) al- g. over him ya yi kuka
gashi, fem. algasa, pi. algasai, dayawa a bisansa.
 grieved 105 guard

grieved, be, intr. v. wahalda, hi* without g. (or grounds)

jin tvahala. habu sabahi.
grimace, a gwalo, kogatna^ 3. (first principle or founda-
zumde. tion) gutsu.
grind, tr. v. 1. gen. nika, tusa, ground, to (of a boat) kdfa.
tushe, reda, ddka, intensive ground, pass, participle 1.

to g. to powder dadddka, (finely) raushi, roshi, rabshi.

dandaka, dadddga to g. ; 2. (roughly) da tsaki ;

tliorouglily harza ; to g. rice badly ground flour barzo.

etc. tingama. ground-nut, n., i.e. Arachis
2. (to whet or sharpen) hypogaea gyada ; a smaller
icasa, gyarta. species of g.-n. gujiya, pi.

grinding, of wheat, n. esp. used giijiyoyi,gujeye; oil extracted

of regrinding harzawa, tushi. from g.-n. man gyada.
grindstone, mawashi, niki ;
grouse, sand-g. barwa, kwanta-
a stone for smoothino; a ff. toi, suivaka, ladin rogo.
niakodi. grow, intr. V. 1. of plants fc'ira,

grip, to kivaktvume, damka ; to tsire, tsiro, chira.

g. ihQthrosAjkwakwurtiewuya. 2. to increase in size girma^

gripe, tr. v. (of medicine) yin girraa.
nturda. 3. to g. (i.e. to become)
gristle, n. gurunguntsi. zama to g. old
; tsufa.
i groan, intr. v. yin nishi. growing, mdtdshi.
groaning, n. 7ii8hi. growl, to (of a lion) babhaki.
groom, n. 1. shamdki, pi. sha- growling, gurnani, ruri.
g Qnakai, dan muri, dan turke. grown, full g. rikakke, kasai-
I 2. (bridegroom) ango, pi. tache.
1^
angu7ia. gruel, n., made of guinea-corn
grope, V. ondmare ; (to
lalahe, kunu ] a thin g. salala.
search one's way with the grumble, v. yin gunaguni, yiii
hands in the dark) burkuti, guri, yin bimbirii.
bidkuchi, dundumi. grumbling, n. bimbini, bibiyii,
ground, n. 1. (surface of the zargi, gunaguni.
earth) kdsa ; on the g. a kdsa grunting, (of a pig) n. tsinua.
I
or a kas ; hard
kekuwa. flat g. I
guarantee, to lamunta.
2. (cause) sabahi or suha- \
guard, n. 1. (heed, care) tsari,
guard 106 gums
e.g. be on your g. against or grey g.-c. with close-
ka nema tsari. growing head ja7ijare; husks
2. (soldier of king's body- of g.-c. kwardo ; g.-c. pod
guard) dakare, pi. dakaru, tsirgagiya ; an intoxicating
dogari, pi. dogarai. drink made from g.-c. giya;
guard, tr. V. tsdra, tsdri, tsdre, g.-c. fever, occurring when
tsdro, batdka, ritse, rutse, ratse. the g.-c. ripens chiwo na
guardian, mai-tsari, mai-tsaro. sabon ddwa ;
g.-c. which has
guard-room, jam*, jarum*. sprung up in an unsown
guest, n. hako, fern, bakuwa, farm kakarya ; see badawa,
pi. bakuna, baki or bakokuna. dan-jigdwa, gangariya, malle,
guide, n. jag aba, shugaba, pi. shinkafar-talaka.
shugabai, koranga (K.), ma- guinea-fowl, n. zabo, fem.
jan-hanya, zabuwa, pi. zabi, kazar yor
guide, tr. V. (lead, conduct) raba ; cry of the g.-f. kilkal,
kai, bida, bishe ;
(to instruct) kukui.
galgade, gargadi. guinea-pig, beran turawa.
guile, n. munafuchi, munafun- guinea-worm, n. kurkmm,
chi, or manafuchi ;
(cunning) girgamo ; a small plant used
wayo, with g. da wayo. as a medicine for g. dama7t-
guilt, n. laiji. kdda, dumankdda; a swell-
guiltless, adj. babu laifi, maras- ing caused by g. hangara,
laiji. guitar, n., a kind of kofsa.
guilty, to declare, v. kada, gullet, n. janai (S.), janyaro
bada laiji, kayas*. (K.).
guinea-corn, n. ddwa (Sor- gully, a dry g. kozazzabe, kwa-
ghum vulgare), tsaba (S.), zazzabo.
gero*. There are four chief gum, n. danko, jirai; spec, a
kinds of ddwa kaura used : g. put in ink kdroa g. used ;

for feeding horses, fara/ara, in perfumes karon maje,

farfara used when ground ba/ur ; gum-bearing trees
for making gruel, murmura chiriri, dakwara, duli, dum-

or muramura* eaten whole she, dundu, karkara, kwwi^s

when cooked, giwakamba kwara, fara kaya, taura.

used as a medicine for rub- gums, n. (seat of the teeth)
bing on the eyes; the red ddsashi (K.), dasori (S.).

d
gun 107 hairy

gun, n. bindiga, pi. hindigogi; tallata, yin talla ; see bar-

adakka* a double-barrelled
;
gain.
g. bindiga da baki (or mai- haggling, talla.

baki) biytt, tagwayen bindiga ;

hail, n. kankara, ruwa da
to load a g. dora or chika kankara.
bindiga \ to discharge a g. hail ! exclamation = welcome !

^rt/6i (or A«/6e or buga) bin- sanu, a gaishe ka, sai lafiya.
diga ; flint of a g. kankara, hair, n. gashi, pi. gasusuwa
dutsim bindiga; report of a spec,head of h. when cut
g. kdrar bindiga, dmo ; a oS suma ; h. on the cheeks
flint-lock g. mai-kamsir, man- saje ; h. of tail of horse,

tampas (S.) ; a maxim g. elephant, etc. tsagiya abun- ;

niai-ruwa* ; a long-barrelled dance of h. gizo ; absence of

Arab g. sawaila, tsaicila. h. on head kundumin kai;

gunpowder, n. albarus or long ridge of h. left in

albarushi. shaving shasanda ; tuft of h.
gush out, intr. v. zuba, zubo in the middle of head zanko',
to g. out abundantly gushe- h. of woman plaited bijaji,
gushe. bujaji, buji-buji ; h. worn by
gusset, n. tsiimma, pi. tsum- women in curls down their
moki ; cloth g. in a tobe cheeks kitso ; twisted locks
shiga. of woman's h. at side of face
gypsum, n. aljibus, alzibus. dauri grey h.furfura; h. on
;

cheeks and upper lip washefe ;

habit, n. ta'ada, tdda (S.), pi. h. tied in knots with a ridge
tadodi, ada, hali, kabiya*, in the middle shetambuwa
sabo*, the last especially of a head of h. sura* (S.); a
aptitude acquired by practice, tuft of h. of a young man
phr. be done
nothing can toliya ; the h. came off gashi
except by practice aikin ya tushe.

duniya duka sai sabo see ;

hairdresser, n. mai-kitso, fem.
habituated. makitsiya, wanzami, raai-

habitation, n. mazamni. kcdmishiya.

habituated, to be, intr. v. hairy, adj. da gashi, e.g. its

saba constr. with da. face is all h. /uskassa duk da

haggle, intr. v. yin chiniki, gashi or fuskassa sai gashi ;
half 108 handle

a h. person galgasa, gargasa-. muntalaga ; h. of a gun

h. all over duguza. kundma.
half, n. shashi, sJiashe, sashe, hammock^ rdga*.
rdbi, nusuji* ; h. a piece of hand, n. 1. hdnnu, pi. hdnnu-
cloth, paper, etc. ausagi, bare. wa, hanndye ; the right h.

hall, n., entrance h. zaure, pi. dama hannu na dama

or
zauruka. the left h. hagum, hagu,
halt, adj. gurgu, pi. guragu, hauni, hannu na hagum or
makasari. hannu na hauni the palm ;

halt, intr. V. 1. (to limp) yin of the h. tdfin hdnnu; the

gurgunta. back of the h. bay an hannu.
2. (to stop marching, to 2. of place or direction,
stand still) tsayi, tsaya, tsai. right h. dama, wajen dama ;

3. spec, to h. for the night left ha^um, hagu, hauni

h.

shida or shide. or wajen hagum,, etc. of ;

4. fig. to h. between two time, at h. kusa, da kusa ;

opinions yin zuchiya to raise the h. chira hannu ;

halter, n., also a leading-rope seehands.

for horses, etc. dsalwayi, handed, left-, adj. bahago.
rdgama. handful, n. (of mud, flour, etc.)
halting, n. tsayi ;
(limping) du7ikule, churi, damka,jimki;
gurgunta, gurvnunta, gur- to take a h. jimke, chura,
gunchi. chibra (S.), damke, dimtso,
halting-place, for the night, jimka.
n. zango, mashidi, the last handkerchief, n. mahar^na,
in the sense of a lodging maharama, adiko, mai-yani,
or khan ; spec, temporary h. mayani spec,
; a h, on
for carriers loko. woman's head kallabi; h. to
halve, tr. v. bare, bara ; in less bind round woman's head
strict sense (to divide) raba. alfuta, pi. alfutai.
hamlet, unguwa, anguwa, handle, n. mariki, pi. marika,
tunga, pi. tungaigai. makdm,a, madauki, maratayi ;

hammer, n. kwarikwasa* -,
a h. of axe bakin gatari, bota

blacksmith's h. masdba, pi. (Kats.), kota (K.) ; h. of box

masdbai ; a large h. ama- makama, kota, zoben kaya.

deshi* ; a small h. matalaga, handle, tr. v. tdba.

hands 109 hartebeest

hands, to clap the, v. tafa^ taji, 2. (in a religious sense)

tahi (S.) ; to shake h. yi7i sa^ada*.
7nusajiha, ban hannu. happy, feel, intr. v. jin dadi.
hands, a man with his h. tied harass, tr. v. tsananche, tsananta.
to his neck, n. kukumtache^ hard, adj. 1. phys. tattaura,
pi. kukumtattu ; the tying of fem. tattauriya, da tauri,
a man's h. kukumi, kunkumi ; tsandauri ; see seq. ; also
shaking h. niasctfiha, musajiha. morally hard, obstinate.
handsome, adj. da kyau, mai- 2. (difficult of accomplish-
kyau; a building h. to look ment, etc.) da wuya.
at gida da kyaun gani. harden, 1. intr. v. (to become
hang, tr. v. rataya^ rataye, hard) yin tauri, taurare.
yin rataya ; to h. up rataya, 2. tr. V. to h. taurata,
yin rataya ; to h. up meat tsaurata, yin tauri.
done, kere. hard-headed, n. (an obstinate
hanging, n. (curtain, etc.) reto, person) 7iiai-kinji, mai-taurin
rataya. ziichiya.
hanging, n. (e.g. h. up of hardness, n. tauri, tsauri
curtains) yaiii. (Zanf.); also in a moral sense,
hanging, 1. adj. (suspended) e.g. taurin zuchiya h, of heart.
a rataye. hare, n. zomo, pi. zomai.
2. part, ratayawa. harlot, n. shakaliya, pi. sha-
hank, of yarn sulu (S.). kalai ; sarkachiya, bombegi* ;

happen, intr. v. 1. afku, ahkti, child of harlot dan-farka.

faru, e.g. it happened ya harlotry, n. sakarchi,shakalchi.
faru, what has happened ? mi harm, n. banna, laiji, e.g. there
yafaru ? is no h. in it babu laiji.

2. (i.e. befall) same, saina, harm, tr. v. hata, bache,

sami, sam,o, guddna, e.g. Harmattan wind, iskan buda.
what has happened to you? harpoon, n., for river fishing
(i.e. what is the matter with zdgo, hagu, margi an iron-;

'
you 2) mi ya same ka ? tipped h. fired from a gun
happiness, n. 1. (satisfaction) sango.
dadi, dadin zuchiya, alheri, hart, n., see deer.
m,urna*, fdrin'chtki, gatan- hartebeest (Damaliscus Sene-
chi galensis) dari ; West African
harvest 110 hawk
h. kanki, pi. kanoki, kan- hate, n. kiyeya, kiyaiya, kiyo,
kuna, kiwo.
harvest, n. girhi, (i.e. the hate, tr. V. ki, kiya*.
season) kaka. hater, n. ag. makiyi, pi. makiya.
harvest, to cut down the, v. hatred, kiyaiya, see anger.
girba; see reap. haughtiness, n. fddin rai,

haste, n. sauri, samri, anniya, fddin zuchiya, girman kai,

garaje. girman rai, homa,foma, toma.
hasten, intr. v. yin anniya, haughty, adj. da gh-man rai,
hanzarta (K.), hamzarta, tomo.
hamzanta (S.), kwarare, gau- haul, tr. \.ja.
gata, gagauta, gagawa ; to h. haunch, n. (of a cow) kwan-
after zazari ; h. to catch up kwaso.
ku chika; to h., i.e. to ac- Hausa, pr. n., the Hausa nation,
celerate hamzarta. country, language Hausa; a
hastening, n. garaje, gaugawa. H. native ba-Haushe, pi.

hastily, adv. da sauri, da Hausawa; the H. language

hamzari. Hausa, magaua Hausa, hal-
hat, straw, n. gurumfa, garwm- shen Hausa, after the manner
fa, garunfa ; a large straw of the Hausas Hausanchi,
h. mdlafa, malfa, pi. mala- I understand H. ina jin
funa, malafai ; dan gurumfa mxagana Hausa, to speak H.
designates a small trader, yin magana Hausa; see
who carries goods on his language,
head ; see cap. have, tr. v. (to possess) na da,
hatch, tr. V. kyankyashe, kyan- ke da, also expr. by ga (to),
or with pronouns gare, e.g. I

hatchet, n. gdtari, pi. gdtara, h. a friend named Hassan ina

gdtura, gdturuwa,gdfiya,wal- da aboki sunansa Hasan, a
wada, warwada ; small h. certain man has a camel
dan gatari ; handle of a h. wani mutum, shina da raku-
bakin gatari ; spec, small h. m,i, we h. mu ke da, I h.

for cutting grass for fodder much money kurdi dayawa

kurdda, kuradda] h. with gare ni.
broad blade barandami, tsi- haversack, amasai.
taka. hawk, n. shirwa, pi. shirwoyi,
hay 111 health

or shirwuiia, karamdta, tan- head-dress, n. rawani, pi.

karki, tsinkaki, shahu*, shafo ; rawunna ;

(of a woman)
swoop of a h. hara^ sura. fatala, patala.

hay, n. haro, ingirichi, in- headlong, adj. and adv. da

girochi. gangara; to fall h. sulla da
haze, n. hazo, kdsashi. kai,fada da kai.

hazel nut, n, chanza. headman, 1. (of a village,

hazy, adj. da hazo, place, etc.) sariki or sarki,

he, pers. pron, sh% ya^ yi, q.v., dagachi, pi. dagatai,
shi is emphatic and used as kunduda, makwayo, haki-
separate pron. before ya, e.g. mi^.
but my brother he saw her 2. (of a caravan) mad^igu,
afar off amma kanena shi ya pi. Tuadugawa.
gan ta da nesa, it is also used heal, tr. v. warke, warkad da ;

with dependent clauses and warke and

pass, to be healed

wishes ya is used in the

;
the pass, form, e.g. remain
aorist and in impersonal ex- here until he be healed ku
pressions as ya isa it is zamna a wurin nan sai ya
enough. warke or sai a warke shi.
head, n. 1. (of animated beings) healed, particip. (h. in body
kai, pi. kanuwa, kawana, or restored in mind) warkak-
kawuna. ke, fem. warkakkiya, pi. war-
2. (chief point or substance kakku.
of a statement) kai. healing, warkasuwa.
3. (chief person) see chief; health, n. (i.e. good h.) Idfiya;
back part of h. keya a man ; in h. Idfiya and da lafiya,
whose h. protrudes at the frequently used in salutations,
back mai-kyeya) a person e.g. are you in h. ? kana
with a large h. mai-kai Idfiyal answ. in very good
standing on the h. rimi; to h. Idfiya lau to be in good
;

hang the sunkwiya da kai

h. h. yin Idfiya ; to improve in
(K.); leaning the h. on the h. jin dama, warware re- ;

hand in token of distress storation to afuwa; he h.

tagumi. recovers his h., he becomes
headache, n. chiwon-kai, jiri, better ya samu afuwa (or
jeri. lafiya), ya ji rangwame one ;
healthy lis height

in bad h., sick, a patient heave, tr. v., to h. a sigh aje

maras-lafiya. zuchiya, yin sheda.
healthy, adj. lafiyaye. heaven, n. sdma, pi. samaniya,
heap, n. taro or taru, pi. tarori, samraai, samomi, gidan da-
tuli or tulli, pi. tuloli, kitila; wama ; h. and hell (the after-

a h. of branches, etc. zuhugi. world) lahii^a; the Moham-

heap up, tr. V. hada^ dora medan paradise aljanna.
spec, to h. up earth round heaviness, n. (great weight)
Y)\a,nts /i7'i,furi, yin maimai, nauyi.
q.v. heavy, adj. da nauyi, mai-
hear, tr. v. ji. nauyi.
heart, n. 1. (the bodily organ) heddles (of a loom), allera,

zuchiya, pi. zukata, zuchiyoyi, annera (S.).

zutochi or zukochi, gaba*. hedge, n. (fence) darni, danga,
2. (the feelings) zuchiya^ dam/dmi, shimge, shinge, pi.
e.g. zuchiyata ta hache my h. shimgaye, kiliya.
was broken ; to be cut to the hedgehog, n. hushiya, baushi-

h. jin zafin zuchiya ; to learn ya, babagumi.

by h. samu harda ; to know hedges, a plant used in making,
by h. yin harda, hardache ;
n. Jidda sartse, bi-ni-da-zugu,

to say off by h. yin tulawa ; chi-ni-da-zugu.

they lost h. hankullansu heed, n. tsdri ; take h. iiema
duka SU71 tashi. tsdri.

heartburn, kwamafi, kwan- heed, v. 1. (to take notice

tiaji. of anything) kula, tuna,
heartless, adj. mag aya or ma- tunane, all constr. with da.
gauchij pi. magauta or magata. 2. (to attend to what is

heat, zufa
n. zdji, ; spec. h. of said) saurara, ji ; spec, to
the sun gumi. h. to an agreement, etc.
take
heathen, n. arne, pi. asna, azna, damre magana.
arna kafiri, pi. kafirai and
; heel, n. dudduge or diddigi,
kajirawa ; majusi, pi. majusa- duga-duga, pi. dugadugai,
wa] ba-Maguje, yil.Maguzawa. dunduniya.
heathenism, n. kajlrchi*, ka- heifer, karsana.
furchi*, halin kafirai''^, as- height, n. tsawa, tsawo, tsai,

nanchi, aznanchi, arnanchi. tsayi, hawa, e.g. it is three

heir 113 herb

cubits in h. tsawonsa kamu shafe', to make a h. kalmd-

nku. sa, kalmashe; to h. round
heir, n. magadi, magaji, pi. ddje.
magata, magada, mdmayi ;
hemorrhoids, bdsur.
h. to the throne chiroma, hemp, African bowstring h.
yarima ; h. to the throne moda; Indian h. rama.
inajirmi gado, at Kano wam- hen, n. kdza, pi. kaji a hen ;

hai, daudu, dauda ; to have laying eggs dakwaluwa, da-

as h., i.e. to be succeeded kivaliva ; the Hen and
by gdda da. Chickens constellation which
Hejira, the, n. hijira. appears when the rainy season
held, particip. rikakke, fern. is coming kaza mai-yaya or
rikakkiya, pi. rikakku. kaza da yaya.
lell, n. jahannama,jahima', h. hence, adv. ddga nan, ddga
and heaven (the future wurin nan.
world) lahira. hen-coop, n. akurkin kdza,
lell-fire, n.jahlma. akurki.
lelmet, n. biishiya, kwalkwali, henna, lalle.

her, 1. possess, pron. suffixed

lelp, n. tamayi, taimako, tai- to a masc. n. -nta, suffixed
makawa, sauki, agaji, agaza, to a fern. n. -Ita, -Ha, e.g.
shalli, tanyo (Zanf.) ; h. es- h.daughter diyarta, h. camel
pecially in war gudummuwa, rakuminta; used separately
(judummawa, gudunmawa if the object possessed is
to ask for h. zukatta ; to masc. nata, if fern, tata, see
obtain h. samu sauki ; to H. Grammar; these stand
send h. koro sauki. also for Engl, 'hers.'
lelp, tr. V. taya, tanya (S.), pers. pron.
2. objective
tanye, tanyo, yin taya, tai- suffixed to verbs and preps.
/naka, taimaki, taimake, -ta, e.g. he saw h. ya gan ta,
tamaya, yin taimako, agaje, to h. gare ta and separate;

yfcuki, sauwaka, sawaka, yin (after prepositions) ita, e.g.

shalli ; to ask for h. gdyato. he returned along with h. ya
lelper, n. ag. mataimaki, ma- komo tare da ita.
tanyi, abokin tayo. herb, n. (green blade) ganye,
lem, n. lafi or lafe ganya,
shafi, fern, pi. ganyaye.
K. H. D.
herd 114 hinder

herd, n. garke*^ gO'i^g^ (S.), pi. kilabo, kirgi, the latter used
garkuna. of h. after tanning, the un-
herdsman, n. makiyayi, pi. tanned h. is called fata.
makiyaya, makyayi^ pi. mak- hide, 1. tr. V. rufe, rufi or rife*,
yaya. boye, boyi, sakaye, sulle.
here, adv. nayi, a wurin nan, 2. intr. v. (to hide oneself)
ddga nan, the latter also = boye, boyi, Idbe (S.), rabe (K.),
from h., from this point, e.g. fake, see ambush ; to h.
do you know the way from behind a person in fear
h. ka sani hanya ddga nan rafake, ranfake, rampaki ; to
ko? h. oneself boyo ; to h. right
hereditary, an h. profession, away or completely bobboye.
chinikin gida. hiding, n. boyewa.

heretofore, adv. (until now) hiding-place, n. maboya, mar

har yanzu li. I have not ; boyi, mafaka, fako* ; a place
heard this dadai ban ji for hiding or laying up any-
wannan ha ; as h. kaman thing ma-aje, ma-aji.
na da ; see ever, higgle, V. talla"^.

hermit, mai-halwa*, mai-kiya- high, adj. dogo, fem. doguwa,

mal du7iiya*, suji*. pi. dogaye, da tsawo.
hero, gamzo. hill, n. tudu, pi. tudodi or
heron, n. zarbi, zarbe, zalbi tnduna, tsauni, pi. tsaunoni,
great white h. or egret /arm tsaunaye, tsaununa a h, ;

zarbi ; see egret, covered with sand jiggawa\

hers, separ. possess, pron. nata, or jigawa, pi. jigawoyi or I

lata ; see her. jigawuna ; hillock burji.

hesitate, intr. v. yin zuchiya
biyu. himself, pron. both emphatic
hesitation, n. zuchiya biyu. as da kansa, and also
shi
hiccough, n. shdkuwa, chiwon reflexive,e.g. pro v. he who

shdkuwa. weeps for another weeps for

hid, to be, v. boye^ boyi. h. kowa shi ke kuka da wani

hidden, particip. boyaya, boyu, shi kuka da kansa.

rufaffe, fern, rufaffa, pi. hinder, adj. na-baya, fem. ta-

rufaffu. baya.
hide, n. kildgo, pi. kildgai hinder, tr. v. hdria, kwahe
 hip-bone 115 hold
kwaha, kwabo^ laruranta, hoe, fatanya, fartanya, hau-
n.
tankosa, tankwasa. ya, hauyu, hauyuna or
pi.
hip-bone, n. kdtara. hauyoyi, mashemi, kyante,
hippopotamus, n. dorina, pi. kuruga; spec, a large h.
dorinai or dorinnaA. bent like small plough galma
hire, n. (wages) lada, sufuri, (S.), garma (K.) ; a long-
<ddro, ijdra; a hired labourer handled h. with triangular
kwadigo, dan kwadigo ; a blade kumbu, kumbuwa a h. ;

person seeking h.mai-koda; with long handle and broad

to work for h. yin sufuri. blade used for cutting stubble
hire, tr. v. yin sufuri^ sufurche, kwasa a h. used as a dibble
;

xufurta^ sufurchi, jinyanta, sungumi.

ijarta. hoe, tr. v., to dig or stir the
hiring, n. ijarchi. ground noma, nomi, nome,
his, possess, pron. suffixed to chira, furi, firi, fuda, huda ;
a masc. n. -nsa, suffixed to a to cut down grass with a h.
fern. n. -ha, -rsa, e.g. h. shema the first hoeing after
;

camel rakuminsa, h. mare sowing gwarzo (S.), turbe,

,
godiyarsa ; as separate pron. chirbe (Z.)
the first hoeing
;

if the object possessed is sowing kaflu, kabtu,

before
masc. nasa or nai, if fern. kufurtu clearing ground for ;

tasa or tai. hoeing zdfa (S.).

liss, intr. v. yinfuchi. hoed, nomamme, fern, nomam-
aissing, n. shishita of snakes miya,
;
pi. nomammu.
fuchi. hog, n., see pig.
listory, tdriyo*. hoist, to h. a flag chira tuta
lit, tr. v., see strike, bisa.
lither, adv. nan*, ga wurin hold, tr. V. rika, rike, riki,
nan*. riske, riski, ruska, aje*, e.g.
10 interj. to call attention
!
he held the door ya aje kofa;
kai.
to h. fast in the mind rike,
loard, to tsimi da.
rika, riki on kama ;
; to lay h.
lobble, a rope used to h. to h. up at arm's length duga ;
horses, n. dabaibayi, dahai- to h. back turke, zamne* to ;
hiya (S.), tabaibayi, tarndki. h. the
breath hadiye {hade
hobgoblin, n.fatalwa. or d^uki) lumfashi.

8-2
holding fast 116 horn

holding fast, n. rikawa. honey, n. zummuwa, zuma,

hole, n. rami, rame (S.), pi. ruwan zummuwa a stick of ;

ramuna, 7'amu, kwarmi, pi. h. algarwai.

kwarmu, hariya or hahhariya honey-guide (bird), gunda,

(^'),f(^ff<^90,fago,fuji, kurfi, maganiya, dan zuma.

pi. kurfofi, kurfu, pampama honour, n. yabo, daraja, daror

(S.),mashiga, sdra ; h. for game manyanchi, mayanchiy

jiya,
to fall into hdko, pi. hdkoki, girma, daukaka.
hima a h. for dung kwakwari,
; honour, tr. v. yin yabo, gir-
masaiy saiga ; a back entrance mama, bdda girma, ba (or
to a fox or rat h. buga a h. in ; bdda) daraja.
which grain is planted kam/a; honoured, participial adj. ya-
a h. in a wall kus/a, kusuwa babbe, fern, yababba, pi. ya-
(S.); h. where dirty water babbu.
is thrown katami, kwatami ; hoof, n. kofato, pi. kofatai.

a h. to look out at taga ; h. hook, n. kugiya, pi. kugiyoyi

for storing corn tsunjiya ; h. or kugiyuna large wooden
;

made in nose of ox for rope h. kwandariya; hooks on a

a^sirka, zari ; h. for entrance fishing-line, coll. mammari,

kofa ; h. in a seam hardka Tnurumurw, a fish h. fatsa,

to make many holes huhuda, kugiyar fatsa.
fuffuda. hook, to h. on to kalgame (S.);l

hollow-backed, adj. gantsar- to stick with a h. makdta. \

wa. hoopoe, chigi da tukku, katutu.

holy, adj. da tsarki ; a holy hop, to h. on one foot, intr. v,

man sharif. lange, bira, dira.

homage, n. chaffa, chappa, hope, expectation
n. bege, see
mubaya, mabaya. hope, intr. yin bege, ta-
v.

homage, to do (by kneeling tnaha, yin tamaha.

down) intr. v. durkusa, yin hopping, n. langa, lange.

chaffa. hopping, n. dire; a h. gani<

home, n. gtda; at h. chlkin shillalo.

gida. horn, n. kdfo, pi. kafoni an(

honest, adj. mai-gaskiya, da kafuna, kaJio ;
(a trumpet
gaskiya ; an h. man mutumen kdfo,waza; a cow with a 1
gaskiya. growing downwards saniy
 hornbill 117 hot

mai-dauri ; without horns chikasaura, chikasabra strap ;

diigumi. round h. head maraya ; h.

hornbill (Bucorvus pyrrhops), breast-band dan gdba; h.

i^round h. burtu African h. ; breast-strap fastened to

chilikowa ; shamo, shamuwa ;
saddle majayi ; h. cloth put
.see also ka-ki-ganin Allah. under saddle kafio ; a disease
homed, da kd/o. of h. foot just above the hoof
hornet, n. rina, pi. rinoni, ala/a a skin disease in a h.
;

rinainai. simiriya ; a disease on legs of

horse, n. doki, fern, godiya, a h. tijo ; a medicine poured
pi. dawaki, dawakai ; spec. into h. mouth chushe ; a
young h. sdji, safe, fern. place for horses shamdki, pi.

mjiya', dukushi, fem. dukusa, shamdkai; a h. disease which

pi. dukusai ; old lean h. causes the hair to fall off
guzuma, gwahta war ; h. in- dasusu ; a runner in front
gavTna, pi. ingarmu ; a h. of a h. gurgure.
that walks with its ankles horseback, on, adv. phr. bisa
on ground mai-takin n a ; (or bisan) doki ; a man on h.

h. with a hollow back doki mai-doki, pi. masu-doki ; to

mai-lotso ; a bay h. furde, mount on h. hau bisa doki
sari; a black h. akaivali, to take exercise on h. ki-
kyara, kiyara ; a speckled lisa.
'
black and white h. chichiro horse-fly, n. barbaje ; also
i
a brown h. aharas, ahara- called damisan dawaki being
shi, fem. aharasa; a cream- spotted like a leopard ; a
coloured h. akaza; a light large buzzing h. gwarje.
brown h. gunya, sira (S.) a ; horseman, n. mai-doki, pi.
bay or dun h. sari; white- masu-doki.
faced h. hola ; a white h. horse-raddish, tree (Moringa
I • Mlij fem. kiliya ; a roan h. pterj^gosperma) zogalagandi.
bidi, dandas saki ; a black hospitality, to show h. yin
and white h. kilikamya (S.), bakonchi.
•
aheji ; h. speckled white with host, n., entertainer mai-md-
black alshafi, fem. alshafa. shidi,mai-masabki a great ;
I
Horse's harness, diseases, multitude babban taro.
'I

etc. : small bells on h. head hot, adj. da zafi, dumi, da dumi,

hot-tempered 118 hue

dimi, da dimi ; h. water top of h. or upper storey of h.

ruwan zafi or ruwan dumi ; kan daki; a desolate ruined
it is h. (of the weather) rana h. kango, pi. kangogi, kan-
da dumi; the h. or dry gaye; all the people belong-
season rani ; the hottest part ing to one h. kabila ; master
of the dry season just as the of h. mai-gida ; a flat-roofed
rains are beginning bdzara h. soro (K.), pi. soraye.
the h. month at end of rains household, n. gida ; father of
agazari (K.), agajeri (S.). the h. ubangida, fern, uwal-
hot-tempered, mai-jaji. glda or uwargtda.
hound, n., see dog. householder, n. mai-gida.
hour, sa^a] the hours of the hovering, (of a bird) shaivdgi,
da}^ are only reckoned ap- jewa.
proximately by the Hausas, how, adv. 1. interrog. kaka.
they are : jijiji the twilight 2. rel. kaka, kanda, yaya
just before the dawn; assuba (S.), wdda, ydda, yadda; h.
or azuha* the dawn; hantsi dost thou know ? kaka ne ka
two hours after dawn, i.e. sani; h. are you going to
circ. 8 a.m. ; walaha circ. manage 1 kaka za ka yi ; h.

10 a.m. rana tsdka or tsdkar

; long 1 har yaushe, tun yaushe
rana mid-day zawal circ. ; h. many? nawa or guda
2 p.m. ; azuhur^ azahar, time nawa; h. much ? nawa phr. ;

of the call to prayer, circ. 2 or h. many persons were there ?

2.30p.m.; la' asar 4: to b p.m.; mutum, nawa ke nani h.
magariba or magarub just long will it be before you
before sunset ; mareche late in finish? sai yaushe za ka
the evening; almauru, lisha gama 1
very late in the evening dare ; however, 1. rel. adv. (in

time between lisha and jiji/i. whatever manner) ko kaka.

house, n. glda, pi. gidaje, 2. adversative conj. (but)
gidadaji, shigifa, pi. shi- bari dai ;
fache*.
gi/u and shigifoji ; a four- howl, intr. v. yin kuka, yin
cornered thatched h. ta/ar- hargowa.
/ara, see hut; h. of one hucksters, yan shimjida, see
room ddki, pi. dakuna; he retailer.
is in the h. yana daku hue, n. (of colour) launi.
p
hum 119 hyena

hum, n. amo; h. of conversa- hunter, n. rtuifarauchi, pi.

tion flUmi. mafarauta.

hum, intr. v. yin amo. hunting, n.farauta.
humanity, n. (the nature of hurry, n. garaje.
mail) mutumchi. hurry, to be in a, v. gaugata,
humble, adj.da karamin rai. gagauta; h. up ku chtka, ku
humble person, laddfi, la- jika or ku yi da jika; I
ddbi. am in a h. na kosa.

humble, tr. v. kaskantad da, hurt, tr. v.fama ; I have h. my

nmidakarami, e.g. he humbled leg nafama kafa.

himself ya maida kansa kara- husband, n. miji or namiji,

mi. pi. muza, gwarzo* ',

h. and
humiliate, to kankanta. wife m,iji da mata.
humiliation, n. kankanchi. husk, n. (of grain) surfe ; a h.

hump, n, doro, kazaza, ku- of maize totuwar ma^ara.

sumbi ; h. on bull, etc. tozo ;
husk, to h. grain, tr. v. surfe,

humped cattle jahajaha ;

surfa, swaha, saha, sabe.
without a h. muturu. husked, (rice, etc.) surfaffe.
hump-backed, adj. mai-doro, husks, coll. dusa, dussa (S.)
ynai-gantsarwa, da kusumhi. h. from wheat, etc. tsdki ; h.

hunch-back, n. kazaza, kusum- of guinea-corn kono (K.),

hi, 7nai-doro. kouu (S.) ; h. enclosing an

hundred, num. dari, miya, ear of corn buniya.
minya, zangu, the last is hut, n. shigi/a ; a h. for storing

generally restricted to count- grain in shirayi ; a light

ing cowries ; two h. dari thatched h. rudu ; a grass h.

hiyu, metin*, m,etan*. bukka, tsangaya ; a h. with

hunger, n. yunwa, yunwa- grass walls but with distinct
chi. roof dakin zana (K.), dauke,
hunger, to suffer, n. matsu^, dabi (S.) ; a round h. kago;
rnatsi, jin yunwa. a mud h. kudandani, tseko ;

hungry, adj.da yunwa I ; a h. in compound reserved

a
am h. ina da yunwa; a h. for domestic work tsaka-
pei'son mayunwachi, pi. ma- kari* ; a rectangular h. ta-

yunvmta. farfara.
hunt, \ yin faraula.
. hyena, kure*, fem. kura, pi.
hypocrisy 120 idolatry

kuraye, wmlna*^ daguyau the participial form if there

(K.), gazau*, shaki (S.), she- be such, thus, I am coming
yaki (K.) ; striped h. sayaki, i7ia tafowa ; but ina so I am
shakiy saki, sheyaki/, young willing.

of h. harmakai. ibis, rara, tuntumi the African ;

hypocrisy, n. riya, pi. riyoyi wood i. tsagagi ; see stork.

to practise h. yin riya. idiot, n. 1. from birth sarziru*,

hypocrite, n. mai-riya, pi. shashasha*.

masu-riya. 2. tig., see fool, foolish.
hyrax, West African tree h! idle, adj. 1. (doing nothing)
(squirrel) heran bisa. lalafa ; an idle person raggo,
fem. ragguwa, pi. raggaye,
I, 1st pers. pron. comm. gender; raggaje, raggage, ragguna ;

1. ita, prefixed to aor., e.g. dan karma, madudu (S.),

1 went na tafi; I saw him bakurogi ; one who is i.

na gan shi witli ha, often ;

mai-lalachi, malalachi, mai-
.contracted, e.g. I did not kasala, bahili* ; to be i. yin j

see liim ban ga7i shi ba ; see huji.

H. Gram. p. 9. 2. (in vain, unprofitable)
2. ni suffixed zo fut. and banza, babu anfani.
passives, e.g. I shall go za idleness, n. rdgaita, pi. rdgaiiu,

ni was wounded by
taji ; I ragganchi, raggonchi, karma, :

a gunshot aka halbe ni da lalachi, lalafanchi, sausauchi, \

bindiga. As a prefix to a sosochi, the last also of un- I

verb ni expresses the fut., willingness to work ; to fight '

e.g. ni tafi I shall go ;

pre- shy of work rdfashe aiki, \

fixed to the aor. it denotes ragaiche, yi^i huji. I

an emphatic past, e.g. It was idler, n., see idle.

I who went or I indeed went idly, one who saunters about
ni na tafi ; ni is also to be i., n. mai-ragaita.

used in emphatic expressions, idol, n. tsdfi, pi. tsdfuna and 1,

e.g. I myself ni da kaina ; I tsafaffuka, gumki, gtvumki,

alone ni kadai ; is it I ? do ph gwumakai.
you mean me ? niya. idolater, n. matsafi, pi. ma-
3. ina expresses the present tsafa.

and should be followed by idolatry, n. shirku, kafirchi.

 if 121 impediment

if, conj. idan^ in, kddan (S.), 2. to i. a manuscript zaya-

kan, izan, da, e.g. if I had na.
known, I would not have image, n. 1. (likeness, picture)
done it da na sani da ban kdma, pi. kdmdnu, kdmannu.
yi shi ha ; ka7i (before b, 2. (a graven image or idol)

kam), kur*, kul*. gumki, gwamki, pi. guma-

ignoble, adj. banza, na banza. kai.
ignorance, n. (i.e. religious imagination, wasuwasi* ; she
ignorance) jahilchi. imagined within herself ta
ignorant, adj. (relig.) jahili. yi wasuwasi a zuchiya lata,
To be i. in a general sense imagine, v. yin tamaha, zato,
must be expressed by means yin zache see suppose, ;

of the verbs sani, ji or (in imbibe, tr. v. (to drink in or

the case of an art or science) absorb) sha.
saba with negatives. imitate, tr. v. to i. another's
ignorantly, da jahilchi. pronunciation or actions kok-
iguana, n. tsari, tsare, guza. koya, rikida, e.g. I imitate
ill, n. (misfortune, loss) barna, him ina kokkoyonsa.
^
hasdra, asdra, tasari. imitation, kokkoyo.
ill, adj. 1. (bad) mugu, fern. immediately, adv. ko yanzu,
mugunya, miydgu, banza.
pi. nan da nan.
2. (sick) da chiwo to be ; immerse, tr. v. tsoma, nuche,
i. yin chiwo, ji7i chiwo ; he 7iutse, niche, dulmiya, yin
is i. shina da chiwo ; to dihnane.
become i. chiutu, chutu. immigrant, shigege.
illegitimate, child, n. shege, immorality, (between women)
dan dan farka.
shege, mddigo.
illiberal, adj. (stingy)da taurin impasse, from which
(a place
zuchiya he is i. hannunsa ya
; thereno outlet) kiirewa.
is
bushe or hannunsa busashshe impatience, garaje.
ne lit. his hand is dry. impatient, adj. maras-hankuri.
illiberality, n. taurin zuchiya, impede, tr. v. hana.
kalmashen zuchiya. impediment, n. 1. hindrance
illicit, adj. haram. abin hana.
illness, n. chiwo, chiwuta. 2. impediment in speech
illTiminate,tr. v. 1 .gen. haskaka. ininar halsh'e.
impertinence 122 indecency

impertinence, tsitva, janjan- inasmuch, i. as da shi ke or

chi, giggiwa (K.), taurin ido. da ya ke.
impertinent, adj. mai-tsiwa^ incantation, tsubbu, daho.
matsiwachi. incense, n. turare, kamshi*.
importance, manyanchi, ma- incessant, madawami, fem,
yanchi. 77iadawamiya.
important, adj. hahha, pi. incline, a steep, n. gangare or
manya or may a; an i. person, gangara, pi. gangaru.
n. datijo, kunkumi*. incline, tr. v., to i. the head
impossible, it is, impers. v, tsugunna ; to i. the ear kar-
ha shi yuuwa, ya gagara, ya kata kunne.
fa^kare, ya gaza, ya kdsa incomplete, to be yin kwabro.
an i. task tarki* (S.). incompletely, to do a thing i.
improper, adj. ba daidai saya.
improve, tr. v. gyarta. incompleteness, kwabro,
improve, in health, intr. v. ky)auro.
warware, yin rangwame, jin incorrigibility, shakiyanchi.
dama see health.
; incorrigible, shakiya.
improvement, e.g. in health increase, n. ddduwa, auki,
dama. abki, kdri, karuwa.
impudent, adj., see imperti- increase, v. 1. tr. kdra ; ddda,
nent. dddi, yin auki (or abki), dora,
impurity, of water zartse. sdfa, sufa, riba, shirga.
in, prep, chikin or ddga chikin, 2. intr. ddda, yin ddduwa,
a, gun^ e.g. in the basket yado, yadu, kdru, gawurtcb,
chikin sanfo; in this place gawusta, taska, zarche*.
a wurin nan. incredulity, an interj. ex-
in order that, conj. phr. a Msa, pressingayat haha ! hiobbal
i.

domin, do7i, e.g. practise incurable, e.g. an i. disease j

diligently in order thatyou chiwon woji ; the fool is i.

may shoot well ku yi anniya Tnahaukachi ba shi warkewa.
har da za ka iya halbin bin- indebted to, intr. v., e.g. I
diga da kyau, in order that am indebted to you iiia da
he might hear domin or don bashinka.
shi ji. indecency, n. kazamta, slmki-
inability, n. gajewa. yanchi.
indecent 123 ingratitude

indecent, adj. kazdmi, pi. pi. marinai ; old used-up i.

kazdmai, maras-kumya, babu dagwalo, dagalo.

knmya, shdkiyi. indistinct, to become, intr. v.

indecision, zara. dnshi.

indecorous, adj. ba daidai. indistinctness, n. dushewa.
indeed, 1. adv. (in truth, in industrious, n. maaikachi.
babu shakka or
fact) hakika, infant, n. (up to one year old)
babu shak, babu watca, da ji7ijiri, pi. jirajirai, jariri,
gaskiya, takar (K.). jarili.
2. as affirmative emphatic infantry, coll. n. kirma ; in-
particle «^, ashe, aiwa or ewa, fantry leader sarikin kirma.
anche, mddala, dai or de, the infidel, n. kafiri, pi. kafirai
last is enclitic following the and kafirawa.
word which it is desired to infidelity, n. (in a religious
emphasise. sense) kafirchi.
3. doubt or sur-
interj. of infirm, adj. ktmidma, see
prise to! ashe! anche! haba ! weak.
Thus, in question and answer, infirmity, n. kuinam^anchi.
indeed 1 indeed ! ashe ? ashe ! inflict, tr. to i. blows buga,
v.,

da gaskiya ? da gaskiya ! bubbuga see beat

; to i. ;

indemnification, ramko. punishment pallashe,fallashe.

indemnify, to ramka. influence, n. (authority, power)
independence, zdman kansa. hukum^chi.
india-rubber, n., see rubber, inform, v. (to bring intelli-
indicate, v. nuna, nuni^ 9<^yf(^' gence, to apprize) lobar ta,
indifference, n. (carelessness) ba labdri, sanan da, sanas
lalachi. da, sanar da, sanashe ; to i.

indigence, n. talauchi. against sare, sara or zara* ;

indigenous, kado,^\. habe. see accuse.

indigent, adj. talaka, talakka information, n. (news, ac-
(S.), pi. talakawa, talakkatva ;
count) labdri.
an i. person mai-talaka. informer, n. mai-sara, pi.
indigo, n. bdba, shioni, ta- m.asu-sara.
laki* ; spec, the second ingrate, n. butulu, m,ai-butul-
. annual crop of i. kususu chi, pi. masu-butulchi.
an indigo dye-pit marina, ingratitude, n. butukhi.
inhabitant 124 instruct

inhabitant, n. mai-zamna, pi. insanity, tabuwa.

form mazoiva. insect, n., spec, minute i.
inherit, v. gdda, gdde, gddo, found in kola-nuts sankara;
gdji, gdje, a night-flying i. which has
inheritance, n. gddo. a bad smell buzuzu ; a boring
inheriting, gadowa. i. gunda, gumda ; see beetle.

inheritor, magaji, magada.

pi. inside, n. cMki ; i. the house
iniquity, n. mugunta, keta; chikin gida ; its inside or

see evil. inside it may both be ex-

injure, tr. v. (to damage) bdta, pressed by chikinsa ; see in.

bdchi, barnatadda. insight, n. (clear perception)

ink, n. taddawa, adawa, tawa- lura.

da (K.) ; a tree from the insipid, adj. Idmi, da Idmi,

fruit of which i. is made babu zaki.

fara-kaya a gum which is
; insolence, gigiwa (K.), jan-
put in i. kdro ; a powder janchi, tsiwa.
used in making i. kawiya, insolent, adj. mai-tsiwa, da
kunkuniya* tsiwa, matsiivachi.

ink-blot, n. dangole. inspire, v. (to breathe in) tofo.

inn, n. (i.e. a khan or halting instance, n. nuni ; see ex-

place for the night) mashidi. ample.
innkeeper, n. mai-mashidi. instantly, adv. nan da nan,
innocent, adj. babu laifi, bara; koyanzu.
an i. person maras-laifi to ;
instead of, prep, gurbin,
be declared i. kubuta. umrin, bigeri, madadin, e.g.

innuendo, karin-magdna. instead of it gurbinsa, gun-

innumerable, adj. expr. by sa*, wurinsa, bigerensa.
phr. fi kidayawa, e.g. he has instigate, to chuna.
innumerable books shina da instruct, v. 1. (teach) koya,
sun fi kidayawa.
litatafi e.g. instruct me in reading
inquire, v. tambaya, yin tam- ka koya ma ni karatu ;
gal-

baya^ yin binchike. gade, gargadi.

inquiry, n. tambaya^ sha-loga 2. (of religious instruction

(K.), binchike, bahasi, ba- especially that combining re-

hatsi*. proof and threatening) fora,

insane, adj., see mad. fori^fore, yinforo.
 instruction 125 interpret

instruction, n. foro, wa'azi*, intend, v. for the idiomatic

wa^azu*, aldma or haldma, use of da to express un-
pi. alamom% almajirchi ; all fulfilled intention see Gr. pp.

these words refer to religious 34, 46, e.g. I intended to go

teaching, i. in a general sense da za ni tajiya, had I known
must be expr. by verbs etc., I would not have thrown her
e.g. a man of no i. wanda bai down on purpose da na sani
san komi ha; he received da ha najefa ta da gang an ha.
much i. from them in litera- intention, n. (purpose) kuli^
ture suka koya masa karatih ganganchi; (fixed application)
daymva ; self-i. haye*. anniya, aldma ; see prec.
instrument, n. 1. (implement) intentionally, adv. da gangan.
kaya, pi. kayayeki, makami. intercede, to i. for cheta^

2. (musical i.) kidi or kida, chetas.

any kind of wind i. husa^ pi. interceder, mai-chechi.

bushe-bushe ; spec, a kind of interceding, fa/o.
stringed machirkiya, ma-
i. intercession, machechiya.
n wind i. pampami,
tsirkiya; a interest, on money ruwa, fifi-

^ fam/ami; wind i., flute ko, 7'iba.

sarewa; wind i. resembling interfere, v. shXga shdgali, yin

bagpipes algaita or alyaitu karamhani.
i. ma-
a player on a musical interference, n. gadauniya,
i
kidi; seemusic. janjanchi, shishigi* ; i. with

insubordination, tayasuwa, what does not concern one

1
1 kin ji, kangara. karambdnij kazallaha, izgili,

insufficient, to be yin kwabro. isgili.

integrity, n. (honesty) yaskiya. interior, n. (the inside of any-

II
intelligence, n. 1. (mental thing) chiki.
power), tsimi, hasikanchi, interloper, shigege.
wayo^ fasaha*; see under- intermarry, to garwaye.
standing. intermingle, tr. v. hautsina ;

2. (news) labdri^ e.g. let intr. V. saje (K.), sade (S.).

me give you i. of the war intermingling, surki, see

im ha ka labdrin yaki. mixing,
if intelligent, adj. gwmii, mai- interpret, v. 1. (to translate)
tsimi, da tsimi, hasiki. juya da magana or juya
interpretation 126 iron

magana, yin fasara, fasarta, intoxicant, n., an i. drink

mayas da] he interprets ya harasa, this word is also
rabbi fasalinsa. applied specially to gin ; an
2. (to explain) waye. intoxicating drink which is

interpretation, n. (both trans- made from the palm tree j

lation and explanation) fa- (tuknruwa) hammi, ham an ;

sara, /asali*, wayewa. intoxicating drink made from

interpreter, n. alfdkani, ta- guinea-corn giya ; an i. drink j

furta, mayayi*. made with honey, salt and

interrogative. This sense is water huza; a place of in-

expr. by a change in the toxicating drinks mashaya.

intonation, by ko placed at intoxicated, maye.
the beginning or end or at intoxication, n. maita.
both beginning and end of introduction, a letter of, n.

a clause, or by adding the phr. hishara.

ko ha haka bal also by ha invalid, machuchi, majiyachi,
when answer is in affirmative, majinyachi.
ni ha 1 It is I, is it not 1 invasion, farmaki, /almaki,
interrupt, to i. yin shishige, firmaki.
tura magana ; a nickname invent, to kaga.
for one who interrupts a invention, kage (S.).

conversation kazalldtuiva. investigation, judicial hahasi,

interruption, w.fdshi. hinchike.
intersection, gichi, gichiya. invisibility, (the power to
intertwine, to kalgame, kar- vanish at will) haduhu, hor
game. dufu.
intervals, at i. wuche-touche. invocation, n., i.e. to God %

intestine, n. spec, the large i. zikiri, sajirchi, safurchi ;we

tumhurkuma, tuhurkuma, make i. muna zikri.
karera,mazawuri the in- ; invoke, to sdha, sdhi.
testines coll. hanji. invulnerable, dan tauri.
into, prep, chikin or ddga iron, n. karife, karfe, pi. kara-
chikin, e.g. he fell i. the fa, karfaifai, karfuna ; spec,
water ya fadi chikin ruwa ;
i. wrought into cups, bright
he was turned or changed i. '

i. zuhi to burn with hot

;

a sheep ya sauya tumkiya. i. lalas] an i. for brand-

 iron 127 jelly-fish

I
ing zarto; an i. pot karife^ kazuwa, susa, zuza, kurji
karipe. one who has the i. mai-kurji.
iron, adj. na karife, fem. ta itch, to yi7i susa or yi7t zuza.
karife^ with plurals na karife, itching, n., spec. i. sore on toes
e.g. i. bars sanduna na karife. or fingers kurkushe, kusa-
iron ore, n. tdma, matamachi kushi, kushekusheya] aprickly
i. dross kashin tdma. plant that causes i. karara.
irons, leg-, n. gigar, malwa. ivory, n. hakorin giwa or
irony, gdtse. haurin giwa a piece of
; i.

irregular, of i. lengths sahe. haurin giwa, kdkara*.

irrigate, to shayas da.
Irrigated, garden, n. lamhu. jackal, n. dila, pi. diloli, mala-
irritable, adj. da zafin rai. min ddwa, kdrem huki, ka-
irritated, particip. adj. husan- rem biki, dan ba^ura, ballo
che*. the cry of the j. kyakkyewa,
irritation, takaichi, see anger. kekewa.
is, subst. V. 1. (simple copula) jail, n. kurkuku, see prison,
with masc. subject ne, with jailer, mariko.
fem. che, with either ke. jam, tr. v. (to press) mache,
2. (implying real existence machi or matse; (to stick
= there is) akwai ; ina, na, fast) tokdra*.
fem. ta, da
thus, there is ina jar, small, n. sintali, shintali,
shi, there are many ina da tulu*.
su dayaiva ; ke with nan, jaw, n.kumatu, kumche (S.) ;

e.g. there is a book which I fig. jaws baki.

know wani litafi ke nan da jaw-bone, mummuke, pi. mu-
na sani; see be. kamukai.
island, n .gungu*, pi gunguna*, . jealous, to be kisanta.
Jnngu*, chibiri*, tsibiri*. jealousy, n. kishi or kishiya,
isolate, tr. v. ym kadaita. pi. kishiyoyi, hdsada, sha-
it, pers. pron. neut. ya, fem. ta; mata.
separate and emphatic forms jeer at, v. ba'a or yin bcHa, yin
shi, fem. ita; its -nshi, -nsa, g6ri, rena, kwalla'*^ ; ba dariya,
fem. -rsa; nasa or nai, fem. e.g. they jeered at us suka
tasa, tas or tai. ba mu dariya.
itch, n. kaikai, kaikayi, kaswa, jelly-fish, n. kawara.
Jerusalem 128 judgment

Jerusalem, pr. n. birnin kudus. pi. kwarmu, gwarm,i to be ;

jester, n. (bufifoon) hahambade, out of j. gochi and goche j. ;

bade, maba'achi ;
(foolish of the body gdba, pi. gabobi ;

trifler) wawa. to suffer from a disease in

jesting, n. bananchi, annashu- the j. targade.
wa. jostle, tr. V. tunkuda, ture.
Jesus, Isa, Yasuhi, the latter journey, n. tafiya, pi. tafifiya;
form represents the original provisions for a j. guzuri ; to
Arabic name. make provision for a j. yin
jet-black, adj. baki kirin. guzuri.
Jew, gent. n. ba-Yahude, pi. journeying, n. tafiyawa.
Yahudawa. joy, n. inward feeling)
(the
jewel, n. yakutu* -jdutsi* (stone) farin chiki (coupled with;

often denotes a precious stone. the outward expression)

jog, e.g. of a donkey sassaka, murna, bushasha, bashasha,
see trot. fara'a ; to experience j. (to

join, tr. V. gdma, gwarmi*, rejoice)yin far a' a, yin or

rika, lika ; to j. heads to- jin m,urna ; a cause for
gether (in consultation or j. abin murna ; j. or a cry

forming a plan) gama kai ; of j. guda; to cause j. bada

intr. (to fall in with anyone m^urna.
by overtaking or meeting judge, n. alkali, pi. alkdlai,
him) gamu or gamo constr. alkallai (S.); the office of a
with prep, da; tarda, tarad j. alkalanchi.
da and tar as da, e.g. we judge, V. 1. gen. (to look into,
joined him mun gamu da shi discern) yin bibiya ; in a
or mun tar as da shi ; to j. weaker sense, to imagine,
issue kulla* ; to be joined or think tammaha or yin
together kullu. tammaha.
joiner, n. (carpenter) masas- 2. (of a judge) yin shari'a,
saki, pi. m,asassaka. kdda, yin alkalanchi.
joint, n. ido*, pi. idanu*, idan- judgment, n. 1. gen. bibiya.
danu*, idanuwa; ankle j. 2. (of law and justice)
idon sawu, idonkafa; wrist j. shari^a, hakum^chi or hukum-
idon hannu (also = knuckle) chi,fukum,chi* alhaki, hisabi ,

godawa* j.oi scissors kwarm,i,

;
the j. day ranan (or ran)
 jug 129 kicking

gobe (lit. the day of to- he was justified am ba shi

morrow), gohe ; j. seat karaga. goAikiya.
jug, n. tulu*, randa'^ ; a brass jute, malafiya, lalu, turgunuwa
j. with narrow neck shintali, bastard j. rama.
shmitali ; see j ar.
juggling, ddbo. Kano, Kano the chief com-
juicy, mai-mai. mercial town of the W.
juju house, (in a pagan Sudan.
village) gidan dodo. keen, adj. 1. (sharp-edged) da
jujube-tree, magariya. kaifi.
jump, n., of a fish or frog, 2. (of acute intelligence)
hulma^ burma; he gave a j. ^/a mai-lura, jnai-wayo.
yi wuf. keep, n. (to retain, hold) rike,
jump, intr. v. tuma ; dira, rika or riki ;
(to tend, e.g.
db'i, diro, dara, daro ; tsalle, sheep or cattle) kiwo ; to k.
tsiUi, tsallache\ to j. back- carefully kiyaye ; to k, a
wards and forwards wura promise chika Tnagana, kama
to j. down gangara, tsirga, magana; to k. on doing any-
! tsirgo ; to j. over haura. thing rika.
jumping, n. dire, tsalle, tuma, kerchief, n. maharma ; a
tumi. woman's k. kallabi, alfata.-
just, adj. da gaskiya, daidai kernel, n. kwdra, kwaya.
' of things (= lawful) halal ; a kettle, n. shintali, sintali or
j.man mutumen gaske [gaski- shantali, pi. shintalai ; an
ya) or mutum na gaskiya. earthen k. karife* or ka-
just, adv., as in expression j. ripe*.
(now) ko (yanzu). key, n. makubli, makulli, ma-
justice, n. 1. (administration budi, dan makubli.
of the law) shari^a. kick, n. shuri.
I 2. (moral right) ddilchi. kick, tr. V. shura, shure or
justify, tr. V. 1. (to prove to jure*, bangaje, habri or harbi
be in the right, to vindicate used of horses ; to k. forwards
'
as true) gaskanta. mangara away han-
; to k.
2. (of a judge etc. to hambare.
bare,
declare in the right, to kicking, n., e.g. of a donkey
ascribe right to) bada gaskiya, butsdri.
R. H. D.
9
1^4

kid, n. dan akwiya,

yayan) akwiya.
pi. yan (or
130

sarakuna or sarakai, sardh,^

sultan^ a king's son yarmia^
;
4
kidney, n. gidibi (S.), kidibi, gimba, pi. gimbayi; daughter
pi. gidibaif kidiba ; koda, of a k. gimbiya; epithet
kwoda. applied to a k. da7i furdi
kill, V. kdshe^ kdsa^ kisa, with a reigning k. sariki mai-chi

a shortened form kas, kibe, a deposed k. Jitachen sariki.

fauchi* ; he was killed out- kingdom, n. sarauta, sarota,

right aka yi masa take. daula to gain possession of
;

killing, adj. (murderous) kd- a k. chin sarauta see ac- ;

saUj kdso. cede.

kilt, c£. a mail with a k. of kingfisher, pied k. chinoya,
grass mai-bunu a gindi. chinuya ; African belted k.
kind, n. iri, pi. irare, launi*. machi tsundum blue k.
kindle, tr. and intr. toyi, towi, tsitar or tsintar.
toya, toye, tuya, tuna ; to re- kiss, n. sumba.
kindle or blow up a fire which kiss, tr. V. tsotsa, sumbunta,
is nearly out fur a, intv. fur u, sumbunche ; to k. hands to
e.g. they re-kindled the fire yin sumba.
suka fur a wuta^ the fire kissing, tsotso.
was re-kindled wuta tafuru ; kitchen, n. madaf, pi. mada-
dosana^ hasa, haza, tr. he fai, wurin ddfuwa.
kindled the fire ya hasa umta. kite, n. (the bird) shafo^ shaJiOy
kindness, n. (goodness of kolo, shirwa.
heart) nagarta ;
(favour, knead, to k. together. tr. V.

benevolence) alheri, chiki garwaya.

daya^ gafara and gafarta, knee, n. gwiwa, pi. gwiwaye,
ni'ima, nema^ hasali (S.) ; an gwiwoyi, gwiwu, guwawu
act of k. kyauta, aikin ga- pushing with the k. gula.

fara, jinkai ; to do an act of kneel, intr. v. durkusa ; kneel-

k. yin alheri^ yin kyau, e.g. ing dulkiishi, durkicshi ; to ,

they did me an act of k. sun k. down or prostrate oneself I

yi ma ni kyau. gurfana (S.).

kindred, n. kabila*, dangi, knickerbockers, dan wando.
dang a or dagi*, pi, dangogi. knife, n. umka, pi. wukake,
king, n. sarki or sariki, pi. wukaikai (usually with two
 knit 131 koran
edges); barho (with one edge);
certainly tabbache, tabbata,
mayanki to sharpen or whet
;
e.g. do you k. for certain 1
a gyarta (or wasa) tvuka,
k.
ka tabbata ? had you known ?
yuka (Zanf.); spec, a small k. da kun sani 1 it cannot be
almosa ; a k. used by women
known ba ta sanv/wa.
kududuri a kind of k. with
;
knowledge, n. azanchi, lura,
handle to wrist and blade
fit
shini, shina, sani.
projecting backwards kan-
known, to make, v. ambachi,
gar or kanga; a k. carried gaya, chashe.
up the sleeve, attached by knuckle, n. gwiwar yatsa,
a leathern ring wukar hannu idon hannu.
;

a scoop-shaped k. majitsara kola-nut, n. goro,

; pi. gwarra
a sort of missile k. gariyo,
;

gamagari ; spec, a variety of

q.v. ; handle of a k. hota, kota k.-n. from Gvvanja ataras,
(K.) ; see kijigi. from Yoruba ibi ; a light-
knit, V. sharaha*. coloured k.-n. ^anji^a^a- see
knock, V. gen. huga ; to k. also labuje, gamagari, ibi,
against, intr. gochi, goche,
^ kursan-goro, gazari, sandalu,
gwahche, kdbra, kafra, tr. as hannun ruwa ; a bad k.-n.
the hand against a wall gobro* ; a large k.-n. goriya;
gwabra, gwahre, gwahure,
packing placed round k.-nuts
gwahri, gumhari ; to k., e.g.
,

fufu, huhu an insect found

;
with a stick zungura to k.
; in the k.-n. sankara; a
or kick bangaje to k. at a ; basket of palm fronds in
door buga ko/a, kwankwasa
; which k.-nuts are packed
to k. downtankade, bige (K.), makara, mankara ; a late
kirme (K.), kilme (S.).
crop of k.-nuts jankarago
cnot, n.kulli, pi. kullai, kulloli;
large selected k.-nuts marsa
a k. made in thread fco prevent
;

large and small k.-nuts mixed

the strands from unravelling
sara7iwaga; little k.-nuts
hanchi; to tie in a k. kum-
minu; an early crop of k.-
buche ; to get into a k. sarke.
nuts nata.
:now, V. sard, shina, rahe da ;
koran, n. kuran, alkorani, al-
to k. clearly shaidani,
fahim- kiyrani ; the all-night reading
ta*; to k. and
understand of the k. tukuri saying the
;
well sansanchei to k. k. by rote- tulawa*.
labour 132 language

labour, n. aiki, pi. ayuyuha, lame, to be, intr. v. yin gur-

ayuka, aikoki or aikuna gunta, dangyasa, dungashiy
farm 1. aikin gona ] 1. pains targade* ; he goes 1. yana
wahalar haifuwa, nakadar takwashi or tarkoshi ; to
haifuwa. make 1. gugurta.
labour, v. yin aiki ; aiki. lameness, n. gurgunchi, guru-
labourer, n. maaiki, fern, ma- gunta, gurmunta, gwami,
aikiya, pi. masu-aiki, ma- takwashi, tarkoshi, dangyashiy
aikachi, maaikata; kwadigo, dungashi, dingishi, kage*.
dan kwadigo. lament, v. yin kuka, see seq.
lack, n. rashi. lamentation, n. kuka, pi. koke-
lack, tr. V. tabe, tafe, rasa, koke ; 1. at a funeral makoki ;

kdsa, tozarta'^ ; they 1. money tomake 1. takaba see cry. ;

suna da rashin kurdi, see seq. lamp, n. fitila, pi. Jltilu, Jitilai
lacking, adj. mai-rashi, by or Jitiloli ; 1. oil man Jitila ;

prefixing mara, e.g. 1. sense he litya kunna jitila ;

the 1.

mara-hankali. we are working by 1. light

lad, n. yaro, pi. yara. muna yin aikin JitUa ; 1. wick
ladder, n. mahayi*, karan- la^wani.
gama, kuranga (K.), kwaran- lance, n. mashi, pi. masusuka
ga (S.), uwaranga (S.), tsani, or masu.
matakara, matakala. land, n. (phys.) kdsa, pi. kcisa-

laden, participial adj. lahche she, kasaisai ;

(country) kdsa
or labtache. and gari, pi. garuruwa, garu-
Lagos, the town of Iko. ruka or garigari.
lair, makwanchi. landing place, n. mafichi.

lake, n. kogi*, pi. koguna, ko- landlord, hakimi*.

gina or kogai, koramna*. landslip, matusge*.
lamb, n. dan tumkiya, pi. yan language, n. 1. (speech) ma-
tumkiya; the paschal 1. gana.
ragon lahiya. 2. (tongue of particulai
lame, adj. gurgu, fem. gur- nation) magana yare,
t( ;

guwa, pi. gurdgu, gurmu speak the Hausa 1. yin ma

(S.), mai-gwami, pi. masu- gana Hausa; halshe, harshe
gwami, amurgude, makasari, pi. halshina or halassa
fern, makasariya. hausa*, pi. harata* ; the;
lapwing 133 lay

have no 1. but Hausa ha su late, to be, v. jinkirta, nazvaj

da yare sai Hausa. yin nawd, yin yauch% e.g.
3. (literary expression) he was 1. in arriving ya yi
karatu. yauchin zakuwa ; to be 1. in
lapwing, see plover. doing anything makdra one ;

large, adj. babba, pi. manya, who is 1. mai-makdra.

girma ; a 1. book babban litaji lateness, n. makdra^ nawa\
or litafi babba ; very 1. ban- (delay) yauchi.
kami. laths, thin wooden, coll. ka^
large, to become, intr. v. girma tamha*^ kwangi.
and yin girma. latrine, makeway% shadda.
larynx, rakumin wuya. laud, V. yin kirari, yin
tr.

lasciviousness, kwartonchi. yabo also with pres. form na,

lasso, to zarge. e.g. I laud thee ina yabonka,

last, the, n. (iinal state or case) laudation, n. kirari, yabo see ;

TYiakarshe, makari, makare, praise.

makara) karshe used ad- laugh, intr. v. yin dariya; to
verbially = at the last, at last. cause to 1. ha (or bada) dari-
last, adj. na-baya, fern, ta-baya; ya, e.g. ya ha ni dariya he
phr. the 1. day ranan (or made me 1. ; to 1. at zunda,
ran) gobe, gobe; the 1. sleep yin zunda, yin zumda (S.),
(death) makarin barchi ; 1. ddra, e.g. they laughed at
night jiya da dare ; 1. month me sun darani; he laughed
watan jiya ; 1. year bara ', at at him yai gdtse ga shi to ;

•
1. adv. yauyau, karshe. 1. heartily keta da dariya.
last, to, intr. v. ddda, dddi, laughter, n. dariya.
see continue. law, n. gen. shari'a, haddi^,
lasting, n. (state of continu- umarni; to decide in 1.

ance) dddawa. raha shari'a ;

(religious
lasting, adj. matabbata*, mada- ordinance) sunna, kaida ; a
wami ; madawami,
long 1. prohibitor}'- 1. doka*.
fem. madawamiya. lawful, adj. halal, halas ; to be
latchet, maballi. 1. halalta, halatta, halasta.
late evening, n. of time ma- lay, tr. V. sa; of a bird, to
garub or ma^ariba, manga- 1.eggs aje {jefa, saka or y%)
' riba; later evening lisha. kwai ; to 1. aside sa ; to 1.
laziness 134 leather

down kwantad da to 1. hold ; tsiyaya, yoya, yin yoyo, zuba^

of or on kama to 1. down, ; zubo.
e.g. a load sabkad da. lean, adj. ramani'me, fem. ra-
laziness, n. raggonchi, ra^aita, mammiya, pi. ramammUy
kiwuya, kuya, lalafanchi. guzuma, lange-lange.
lazy, adj. lalafa, (idle) raggo, lean, to be or become, v. rame,
kumdma^ mai-raggo, mai- yin rama.
ragaita, mai-son jiki, maga- lean, intr. v., 1. against jin-
jiyi, shallali. gina,jingine, dangana*, rdbo,
lead, V. bida, bishe. e.g.the fence against which
lead, n. (the metal) dalma, he was leaning dang an da ya
darma ; 1. for making bullets rdbo da shi to 1. upon dan-
;

harsasshe. gana, dogara, the last also

leader, n. babba, tunari*, ko- fig. to upon in trust or
1.

ranga (K.), also uba^ pi. confidence, e.g. we 1. on thee

ubanne and ubanai, e.g. their mun dogare ka.
1. babbansu 1. of a fight uban
; leanness, n. rama, ramuway
yaki; spec. 1. of infantry ramanchi (K.), ramantaka
sarikin karma ; 1. of caravan (S.), alala.
(chief) jaji; (the headman leap, intr. v. tuma, dira, dirOy

who precedes it) jdgdba or diri, yin zariya.

shugdba; (the man who leaping, n. zariya.

walks behind it) madugu, learn, v. koya, yin koyo, sanas;

pi. madugawa; 1. in prayer to 1. by heart samu harda.
liman, limami, pi. limammai. learned, adj. mai-karatu ; a 1.

leaf, n. (of tree) tofo, toho*, pi. man Tndsani, pi. mdsana y
tofuna, waraka^, ganye^ gan- malami, pi. mallam,ai ; a 1.

ya, pi. ganyaye, danyen itache \

woman nialama*.
1. of a book warka, waraka learner, a bam,i, makoyi, sahon
spec, a 1. used for thatching shiga.

Jitta. learning, n. koyo.

league, n. (alliance) gdya. leather, n. (after it has been

leak, n. darsh% kdfa, yoyo; to tanned) kirgi ;

(before it

stop a 1. toshe. has been tanned) fata ; spec,

leak, intr. v. darsa, tardra, strips of 1. coll. gunda ; strips

tardro, yin darshi^ yin kd/a, of black 1. coll. kwaro; a

 leather-dresser 135 less

scraper used in dressing 1. kdfa ; calf of the 1. dambubu,

» ka7'taje. tukatukai(K.), shardba; bent
leather-dresser, n. majem% 1. (a disease) gwami ; 1.bent
pi. majema ; bciduku, pi. du- by disease gwami, kage*
kawa, badukai. with bent legs (i.e. tli rough

leathern, case for book, n. ga- disease) gurgu, iem.gurguwa,

Jaka, yafakka (S.). pi. guragu, this also = with-
leave, tr. v. bari, bar, raida (S.) out legs.
to 1. a thing and come back legend, tariyo*.
baro ; to leave a path or leg-irons, n. malwa, gigar.
track sau (or sake) hanya ; \
leisure, sukuni (S.), see op-
to 1. behind bari or 6«r, raga ; \
portunity,
to 1. off daina^ dena. lemon, n. lemu, lemo.
leaven, n. yami, kullu ; spec, j
lemur, a species of (Potto)
1. made from the acid pulp beran bisa*.
of the tamarind tsamiya. lend, V. bada dro, ramta ; see
leaves, coll. kunnen itache, loan.
ganyen itache, safisdmi, san- length, n. 1. (of space and
sdrain itache. time) tsawa, tsawo, isayi,
leech, n. matsatsaku, turguni tsai ; tsawanta, matsawa,
(S.), tsatseku (Zanf.), cha- tsatstsawo.
cheku, chichekko. 2, (long continuance), of
left, 1. (remaining, remainder, life yawan
rai, tsawon rai.
rest) saura, kingi, e.g. there lengthen, to tsawaita.
is little 1. sauran kadrnt ya leopard, n. damisa, pi. dam%-
rage ; food 1. over sudi. sai, argi^ii^, tsawarwara*
2. (of position) the 1. hauni, hunting 1. (or cheetah) rabbi.
hagu or hagum the 1. hand ; leper, n. kilturu, pi. kutare,
hannu na hauni 1. -handed ; mai-kuturta*, mai-kuturchi*.
bahago. leprosy, n. kuturchi, kulurta ;

left, part, bararre, fem. bararra, spec, a mutilating form of 1.

pi. bararru ; what is 1. 1 mi machiri ; white 1. albaras.
ya rage ? less, adv. 1. (= minus in com-
leg, n. kdfa^ pi. kafafu, kafa- puting) bus, gaira, e.g. metin
fuwa, kafafe, kdfofi, chinya, gortia bus or metin gaira
pi. chinyoyi ; 1. bone kwabrin (/oma = 200 - 10, i.e. 190.
less 136 lick

2. (== English negative sdki ; to 1. loose saki, kunche,

suffix -less) maras- (used as kwanche, hanya, hanye ',
to
prefix), e.g. shameless maras- 1. out (of hire, etc.) sufuri,

kumya, sufurchi, yin sufuri or yin

less, much 1., comp. adv. hale, sufurchi ; the particle in or
halanta, halante, barshe, e.g. im before a following h is

this man was not able to sometimes elliptically used

walk, much less take up his to express 1., e.g. 1. me follow
load wannan ha ya iya yin you im hi ka.

tafiya hale shi dauke kay an- letter, n. 1. (epistle) watika,

sa. wasika, wasichi*, pi. watiku,
less, to grow or make 1., see wasiku; takarda, pi. takardu^
seq.
lessen, v. tr. and intr. rdgi or 2. (a sign of the alphabet)
rage, tawaya, towi, tauye harafi, harifi, pi. haruffa.
intr. raxfu, tawaya, tauwi, lettuce, n., spec, water 1.

kasad da ; the waters are kainuiva.

lessening ruwaye suna ragu- level, adj. and adv. sosai, tan-

wa ; see seq. gam, tangas it is 1. ya yi ;

lessening, participial n. ragu- sosai, ya hazu.

wa. level, to, e.g. a road baji, baje;
lest, conj. (for fear that, that. . to rub smooth darje levelled ;

not) kdda, e.g. he took the hazu.

medicine lest he should die liar, n. makariyachi, fem. ma-
ya hadiye magani kdda shi kariyachiya, pi. makariyata.
TTiutu; don kdda. liberality, n. haiwa.
let, tr. V, (allow) hari, har ; to liberate, tr. v. yanchi, yantas,
1. alone hari, har, kyale* ; to see free,
1. go shika ; to 1. down sahka, liberation, from slavery, n.

sahki or sauka, also (with diyauchi or diyanchi.

da) sahkas or sapka^, shida, liberty, n. yanchi.
e.g. I 1. downna the load lice, coll. kwalkivata, kwar-
sahke kaya or na sahkas da kwata, see louse,
kaya or na shida da kaya ;
lichen, n. toto (S.), tautau (K.).
particip., 1. down sahkakke lick, or lick up, V. Idsa, lashe,
to 1. go sallarae, sdka, sake. suda ; to 1. the hand tanda.
 licking 137 like

licking, tandewa ; 1. of fingers, light, n. haske, pi. haskoki^

etc. tsotso. haskaikai ; see seq.
lie, intr. v., tol. down kwanche; light, tr. V. 1. (to give light)
to 1. down to sleepkwana haskaka, hada haske, e.g. the
and ktvanta ; to 1. face down- moon gives light wata shina
wards ruhda chiki ; a place to hojda haske.
1. down makwanchi ; to 1. in 2. (to set alight) to 1. a
wait yin fako a place to 1. ; fire hdsa {hdza, dza), wuta,
in wait mafaka to 1. with ; fura (or hura) wuta, ydda
gufa (S.). wuta, dosana, kuna, kunna ;
lie, n. kariya, keri. the fire is lit wuta ta furu;
lie, intr. v. (to tell lies) yanke to 1. a lamp kunna Jitila.
kariya, yin keri ; to give the light upon, intr. v. tsaya.
1. to kariyata. lighten, tr. v. 1. (to illuminate)
rayu or rayuka,
life, n. rai, pi. haskaka*, sarasara.
rayukka, rawuka; in more 2. (of lightning) yin wal-
general sense (=^ Engl, time) kiya.
zamanij yayi, e.g. during the lighting, (of afire,etc.) 2/ao?i2/a.
1. (= in the time) of the lightning, n. walkiya.
prophet zamanin annahi to ; like, adv. tamka, tamkar, tam-
come or come back to 1. rayu kan, tamkat, tankat, tanfari,
coming back to 1., participial kdma, kakakat^, kdman or
n. rayuwa to restore to 1.
; kdmal, e.g. this is 1. that
raya position in 1. mutum-
; wannan shi ne tamkat wan-
chi a l.-time kwakwaro 1.-
; ; chan; ya, yi, ta'ada*; adj.
long matseyi. tanfari or tamfari ; the
lift up, tr. V. chira, chire, following are substantival
chiro or tsira, tsire, tsiro, (as in Engl, one's 1.) kama,
j;
,
tdda, tashe,hauda^ tsaida, pi. kamannu, e.g. his 1. ka-
I haushi, hausa, daukaka, do- mansa, misalinsa ; see like-
kaka spec, to 1. up a heavy
; ness ;
what is 1. to something
weight sunguma. mai-maki, wani, e.g. 1. him
light, adj. (not heavy) shakap, waninsa, sMge, e.g. 1. them
sakwap, sdkai, sakat. shigensu, kwatanchi, e.g. 1.

light, adj. (full of light) mai- this kwatanchin haka, niisali,

^ haske ; 1. coloured patsi. see seq.
like 138 lioness

like, adj. mai-kdma ; it is more line, n. (row, series) jeri, pi.

1. than that ya yi kdma

this jerori, zdne*a jera ; in a 1.

da wannan ya fi wanchan, or a jere ; spec, a 1. formed

like, as, adv. tamkar da or for prayer saffu a broad ;

tankar da,kdma or kdmad da blue 1. in cloth saki, or

and kdman da, misali*, awa, swaki ; to draw up a 1. of
kamar yadda, this kwatan-
; 1. battle ja ddga: they are
chin hdka. forming 1. suna jeruwa; it
like, to make, tr. v. daidaita; is arranged in 1. ya jeru a ;

pass, it is made 1. unto a kwa- 1. of writing shatsdra, sha-

tanchi; to be 1., i.e. to dara ; to arrange in 1. zura,
resemble yin daidaiche, yin jera, jere; to form a 1. yin
kdma da. saffu ; a 1. of men hata ; to-

like, tr. V. so, marmari. go in 1. ja hata ; see lines.

liken to, tr. v. kwatanchi, line, a 1. of writing shaddra,.
kwatamchi (S.), kddara, shatsara.
kudira. lineage, n. zuriya, usali, asalL
likeness, n. kdma, pi. kdm,an- linen, n. alkamura.
nu, misali, supa*,sifa, wani*, lines, coll. zone ; to draw 1.

e.g. hiskamansa, supansa,

1. zana or zani.
waninsa or m-isalinsa he ; linger, intr. v. ddde, dada,.

gave me his 1. (his portrait) nauwa ; to 1. about lalata.

ya ha ni kam,ansa. lingerer, n.mai-nauwa a at ; 1.

likewise, adv. kuwa, ma*. home in time of war kazum.

liking, n. kauna, kamna (S.). lint, made from cotton taffa^
lilac, African and Persian 1. lappa.
(pride of India) kurnan lintel, n. almandni.
nasara. lion, n. zaki, zaiki*, fem. za-
lily, water kwala (K.), hddo, kanya, pi. zakoki, furdi*y
kola hddo (S.) ; climbing 1. wan ddwa, m^anyan ddwa;
baurere ; spider 1. hatsin ma- a male 1. toron zaki a young ;

noma. 1.dan zaki a strong 1. wan ;

limb, of body gdha, pi. gabohi. ddwa; the adj. gadanga

lime, n. (the fruit) lemu, lemo. strong is specially used as
limit, n. iyaka,iyakachi,m,atuka. an epithet of the lion.
limping, dangya^hi, dingishi. lioness, n. zakanya.
 Up 139 load

lip, n. leho^ lebe, pi. lebu, lebuna; living, adj. da rai, e.g. this is
lips ddburi, pi. daburori ; a not a 1. child wagga ba diya
disease of the lips chizal ; a mai-rai ba che.

disease on the under lip beli living One, the, adj., epithet
(K.), chande (S.); a disk of God mai-haya*.
embedded in the lips of lizard, n. kadangare, fem. ka-
pagans maran lebo, pelele* ;
dangariya, kadangarwa, pi.
thickness of lips ndbuwa. kadangarru gwada, sharin- ;

list, n. (written) zumami, ta- dOf sharundo skink kulba ; ;

karda, pi. takardu, lisafi. Sudan monitor (Yaranus

listen, V. (to hear with atten- exanthematicus) damo] Nile
tion) saurara, sorara or ju- monitor tsari, guza a small ;

rare* ;
(to eavesdrop) lobe ;
brown 1. (Gecko) tsdka sare- ;

to 1. intently with bowed kutup, sarekutu, a small black-

head karkata and karhasa headed 1. gaguware a 1. with ;

used with or without kunne orange and black bars (Scino-

(ear). pus fasciatus) which buries
listener, n. majiya^ sauraro. itself in the sand dama-
little, adj. karami, fem. karama^ tsiri* (which also = the green
karamiya, pi. karamu ; kan- snake) ; when the male 1. puts
kane, kankani, fem. kanka- on mating colours it is
its

.
nuwa, pi. kankana^ kanana; called kutu in Kano, kiski
substantively (=:a 1., also in Sokoto, and jangwada in
few) kddan^ sama sama, kima, Zaria.
tsarari ; very 1. kddan kddan, lo ! bum*, duba.
kima kima; I ate but very load, n. kaya, pi. kayayaki, fu-
1. ban chi ba sai kddan kddan guma, karba ; heavy 1. adila
;

wait a 1. while jima kddan or adllan kaya, alaro, sanji ;

, or jim kddan to take very ; a small addition to a carrier's

I 1. of tsakdra or tsakura; a 1. 1. doriya; to get ready a 1.
chim. gydra kaya ; to pack up a 1.
ittleness, kankanta, karamchi. labda ; I took his 1, na taboshL
ive, intr. V. yin rai. load, tr. V. labda ; to 1. a
ivelihood, zaman du7iiya. gun dura (or chika) bindiga,
iver, n. hanta, anta, kidibi*, kimsa, yin kimshi ; to 1. up
'>
gidibe*. dura.
loadstone 140 long for

loadstone, n. mijin karife. masabki, masapki, masafki,

loaf, n., of salt or sugar kantu. majidi, masauki.
loafer, n. dan karma, see log, n. (of wood) itache and
idle. iche, spec, a 1. of wood
loan, n. dro, bashi^, ramche ;
fastened to feet of slaves as
a cooperative!, adashi, adashe, a punishment turn a 1. of ;

wujiji; see lend. wood tied to the head as a

loathe, tr. v. jin kyama. punishment for thieving
loathing, kyama, tsantsani. kangalai; 1. fastened to the
locality, n. wuri, pi. wurare. neck to prevent escape gu-
lock, n. makuli (K.), kuhli, dungumi.
kuli ; 1. (padlock) of a door loin, n. kugu, pi. kugogi mdra, ;

kwadon kqfa. tsdra.

lock, tr. V. kuble, kule ; to lock- loin-cloth, a man's bante,
up, id. it is locked shina banche ; leather l.-c. warki
kule. (K.), walki (S.); a woman's
locks, of a woman's hair taura; /atari, mukuru ; a l.-c. which
see under hair. is the badge of a thief bdkin
locust, n. fara, pi. farori, bante.
faruna, gam., jinnu, farat loneliness, n. kewa.
tumfafiya ; a large 1. babe, long, adj. 1. (of considerable
fem. babaniya, pi, babaye, length) dogo, fem. doguwa,
babuna a black 1. burdu-
; pi. dogaye, da tsayi.
duwa, pi. burduduwuna a ; 2. (of dimension) expr. by
black 1. which Hies at night n. tsawa, tsawo etc., e.g. it

faran-dare an insect like a; is seven cubits long tsawonsa

1. taki, pi. takoki young ;
kamu bakwai ; see length.
locusts ('hoppers') dango, 3. (of time) how 1. ? tun
locust-bean, dorowa*, dorawa yaushe 1 1. ago tuntuni ; from
husk of l.-b. makuba. a 1. time dadadde; 1. since
locust tree, n. dorowa, do- tun dadewa ; 1. lasting, adj.
.rawa, pi. dorowayi ; pod of 1. .mai-dawami (of space) a ;
1.

t. sabdda. way off daga nesa, da nesa

lodge, intr. v. sabka, sauka, and nesa a 1. way da jaya-
;

sabki or sapka. wa, da rata, da tabawa.

lodging-place, n. mdshidi, long for, V. tuski, tuske, kwa-
 longing 141 loss

daye, lamiranta ; to 1. after, loose, adj., kwaranga (S.),

e.g. absent friend yin heye. kwaraprap (K.); (my shoe)
longing, n. (also = 1. for) kwa- is too 1. for me ya yi kwaro

dai^ kciri, marmari, kdwa kwaro.

(only used of women) ; evil 1. loosen, tr. v. kunche, kwanche
yuri ; 1. for an absent friend (K.), banya^ banye, sassabta^
beye. sassqfta, sa^sapta, sunche,
look at, V. duha, dubo, yin bambare to come loose (e.g.
;

kallo, see behold ; 1. at this !

of head of an axe) kwdbe.
ya shi tuannan ; to 1. atten- loosened, particip. kunchachey
tively at tsokachi, yin zuru ; fem. kunchachiya, pi. kuncha-
i
to 1. carefully into yin bibiya; chu.
to 1. for (seek) nema, bida ; loosening, n. kunta, kwabiya*.
to 1. into, constr. with da or loot, e.g. the sack of a town
ace. lura; to 1. proudly on buruntu.
yin hardra*; looking round lop, to kudure.
(i.e. spying) dauroro ; to 1. lopping, of branches sdran
out for hanya, hanyi, hanyo; bisa.
see espy ; to 1. over leke lord, n. ubangiji ; sidi applied
looking over the wall leken to Mohammed ; Lord, an
garu ; to 1. like, cf . it looks epithet of the Deity, rabbity
likehim shina da halamun-
shi shina da halaman
or lose, tr. V. rasa, yin rashi, bdta,
kamanshi it looks like rain -,
yin hasdra, gagata, the last
sama tana da halamun yin constr. with da, rubushi ; to
f 1 ruwa. 1. the way rasa hanya, ga-
looking-glass, n. mddub% md- gata da hanya, raise, gochi
dvhin fuska, matsokachi. and goche, gwabche (S.), bdta
'; loom, n., the pulley on the 1. (or bdche) hanya, dimanta,
on which the peddles work diinauta, karkache, the last
chikalkora ; the handle fixed also moral deviation ;
tig. of
into the pole of a 1. matuki ; to 1. one's case kayas ya
the pole of 1. on which the shari'a they lost heart han-
;

,
woven cloth is wound takala. kulansu duka sun tashi ;
I loop, in a string, n. zarge, pi. losing bdchewa; see lost.
zaryuna \ mazargi, maballi. loss, n. barna, e.g. they caused
loss 142 luxury

him 1. su kai ma shi harna lower, tr. V. kasashe, sabka,

rashi, hasdra, asdra, tasari, sapka, sa/ka, sauka, sahki,
ta'adi, ta'ada, taskdro (S.), tas- sauki, sabkas da, saukad da ;

gdro (Daura), kampa, karafa. to 1. to the ground kasa to ;

loss, to sufifer, intr. v, yin 1. a bucket into a well zire.

hasdra, yin tobodi. lowering, participial n. (a

lost, n., the state of being 1., bucket into a well) zirawa.
e.g. in the forest dimana*. lowing, n. (of cow or camel)
lost, particip. lalatachche, fern. boda, umbu.
Icdatachchiya, lalatattu ; to luck, n. (good) nasara, arziki,
be 1. bdche, makuwa, rasa. gamon-katar, gata, gatanchi ;

lot, n. (portion) rabo or rabu, he has brought me good 1.

pi. raberabi. ya yi ma ni gata, katar,

lots, coll. kuriya; to draw 1. kdtari.
yin kuriya. lucky, to be aruzzuka; a 1.
louse, kwarkwata^ kwalkwata, day buruji, yin daula a 1. ;

kyaya^ kyeya] crab-1. dan person dangware, Tnai-arziki.

kadafi ; see also lice, luggage, n. kaya, pi. kayayeki ;

love, n. soyaiya, soy ayy a, so- spec, a woman's \.fago,faggo

waya, soyuwa (S.), kamna, or pago.
kauna, muhibba. so*, lull, tr. V. rene.
love, tr. V. so, san* (after ; lump, n. (e.g. of flour) dunkule;
pronouns ending in na) kam- tsdba or tsula*, bangori.
na, kam^nache soye, yin so ; lunatic, tabi, tabu, tdbo, fem.
yaiya ; sha^awa. tdbuwa mahaukachi, fem.
;

love-bird (Agapornis pullaria), mahaukachiya, pi. mahau-

tsiriya, kata, tahabbe, shinkinkim,i ;

love-charms, tsibbu. see fool,

loved, one much, n. lele*, lung-fish, Gambian l.-f. or
m,asoyi*. mud-fish, i.e. Protopterus
lover, n. maso, pi. masowa annectens gaiwa.
masoyi, pi. masoya. lungs, n. fufu, kufu, sufe (S.),
low, intr. V. yin boda, see pi. sufoji.

lowing, lust, n. guri, sha^atva, hwa-

low, adv. a kdsa, a kas ; lower dayi.
na kasa, fern, ta kdsa. luxury, buki, marma/ri.
 lying down 143 malingering

lying down, n. kwantawa ; 1. budurai, diya ; a young m.

on the back with the legs bera.
up riyinginij rigingine. maidenhood, n. budurchi or
lying in wait, n. fako, kwanto. buduruwanchi.
lynx, (caracal) dage. mail, coat of, n. (made of
cloth) lifidi (made of chain)
;

macaroni, n. taliya*, wasa- sulke, safa, kumakumi.

wasa. mail-clad, pi. masu-lifidi.
mad, adj. mahaukachi, fern. maimed, adj. kuduru.
niahauk(jichiya, pi. Vfiahmi- maintain, tr. v. 1. (to retain)
kata; mai-hauka ; a m. dog rike, rika, riki.
ynahaukachin kdre. 2. (to feed) chida.
mad, to be, intr. v. hauka, maize, masara, dawa ma.
n.
haukache. sara or damasara* (i.e. dan
madden, tr. v. haukata. masara); roasted m. barn-
madman, dolo, fem. doluwa, bara; a m. -cob goy on masara;
pi. dololi ;
you m. ! kai yofi see com.
(S.) ; see fool. make, tr. v. 1. (to construct,
t madness, n. hauka^ wdhami, fashion, create) yi, yiwa,
tabuwa-, Bta.vk in. hauka ja. yiwo, iwo*, I m.yo, wa ;

maggot, tsutsa. nai = na yi produce or

;
(to
magic, n. maita, siddabaru, effect) e.g. to m. an outcry
'<

tsibbu, akokari, dabo. yin kururuwa.

magnet, n. mijin karife. 2. (to cause) sa,e.g. they m.
magnify, tr. v. (to honour, or the householder run away sun
extol) girmama, bada girma, sa mai-gida shi guje.
yin yabo. malady, n. chiwo, chiwuta ; see
IQagnitude, n. girma, e.g. the under ill.
sun surpasses the moon in male, adj. and n. namiji, pi.
m. rana ta fi wata girma. mazaje, toro* ; the m. lion
magpie, n., Senegal m. (also toron zaki; m. and female
used for ox-pecker ') charki.
'
namiji da tamata.
mahogany, tree madachi m.- ; malice, n. kiyaiya^ kiyayya,
bean tree kawo. 7nasifa, keta, mugun hali
maid, an old ra. iuzuruwa. Tnugunta, tsegumi.
maiden, n. buduruwa, pi. malingering, sane.
mallam 144 mare

mallam, (teacher or learned manliness, n. mazakuta, maza-

man) n. malam, malami, pi. kunta, mazakunchi.
mallamai; chief m. liman* manner, n. hdli, pi. hdlaye^
or limami*. ada^ the latter used especially
m.allet, for beating leather of religious ra. ; such is his.

kantukulo. m. halinsa ke nan.

mallow, Jews' m. malafiya. manners, coll., good m. kumyay
maltreat, tr. v. walakanta, kunya^ Iddabi; want of good
wulakanta see injure,; m. rashin kumya.
maltreatment, n. walakanchi. mantis, dokin Allah^ dan kama^
man, n. mutum or mutume, pi. koki.
mutane ;
(as contrasted with manumission, n. (of slaves)
woman and wife) miji, pi. m,uddhar ; a certificate of m.
mdza, mazaje, mazaizai ; mai- laya, layan diyauchi.
miji married m. miji da
; manure, n. taki.
mache; the m. with the manure, tr. v. takanta, yin
broom (i.e. a bachelor who taki.
has to sweep his own house) manuscript, a m. from which
namiji da shara. a copy has been made-
manacles, see chains, uwa*.
manatee, the African species many, adj. dayawa and (esp.
of m. ayu, of persons) m,aiyawa, pi. ma-
mane, n. (of horse, etc.) geza^ su-yawa barkatai, Jul (S.),
;

pi. gezuna, rahaja (S.). pal, pul* (K.), rututu (Zanf.);

mango, mangoro* (a word used how m.? ndwa, guda ndwa,
by traders). e.g. how m. years is it since

manifest, adj. zahiri. your birth? shekara ndwor

manifest, tr. v. hobydna, bai- tun haifuwarka ? how m»
yana, gaya, gwada. were there 1 sun yi ndwa %
manifestation, n. nunawa. marabout, the bastard ji
manifestly, adv. zahiri. jim,i,

manioc, rogo. march, by night in war,

manis, n. (i.e. pangolin, a kind kwanan daga.
of ant-eater) A:^r^A:^r^, kikiriki. mare, n. godiya, pi. gwaddi
mankind, coll. mutane duka, dukusa (fern, of dukushi) pL
dukan mutane^ duniya. dukusai; a young m. dnn
 margin 145 mash
dukushi ; a large m. inyar- tu, e.g. (m. cut from the corners
miya, inyaramniya ; a brood of the mouth) yambaka ;
(m.
m. kabama, kabuma^ kam- on cheek nearly horizontal)
bama, bille (K.); tattoo m. behind
margin, m. of a page bayala, the eyes kadango; m. painted
kora.
on faces of women katambiri
mark, n. tabo^ tambo (S.), pi.
tribal m. on temple kurmajo
tabuna; a in. on paper or
(Zanf.); the Beriberi tribal
cloth dugo or diga, pi. di-
mark tsagan goshi ; to cut
gogi ; m. on animals, trees,
tribal m. shaushauta.
etc. or of a person unable
marksman, n. mahalbi, pi. ma-
to write ahaida, pi. shaidai,
halba or masu-halbi.
s/iaidu; a m. on the ground,
marriage, n. amre, amri, aure,
a land-mark (miara; for tribal
arms (S.), anganchi ; to give
marks see marks, in m. amrad da; m. feast
mark, tr. v. 1. (to note, ob- buki or wasam
biki, also buki;
serve) ji, gani.
m. presents (wife's) gdra ; to
2. to make a m. on shaida
m. yin gdra.
rejoice at a
or yin shaida, kaskasta, kyas-
married, adj., a m. man
j to m. off kebe, keban-
Ikyasta miji mai-mache, magidanchi
;
che, alamta
; to m. out on
a m. woman mache maimiji.
the ground shaya, shata, shan
marrow, n. bargo, Idka*; m.
tvuri.
bone tantakwashi.
marker, in book, n. haldma, marry, v. amre, aure or yin
aldma, amara.
amre, damre amre, darme
market, for some special
arme (S.).
article, n. kasuwa, kausuwa
marsh, n./ddama, dausayi,
(Zanf.); spec, a very small
martyrdom, shdhada^.
m. dan kasuwa ; officer of marvel, n. (a wonder) abin
the m. sa^ikurmi president
; mamaki, abin chewa, ajub*,,
of the m. sarikin kasuwa.
ajaba.
marketing, sayaya,
marvel, v. yin mamaki, jin ma-
marks, coll. (cut on face to
maki, yin woba ; to m. at a
point out tribe etc. to which
thing unseen before kdkdbi.
a person belongs) shaushawa,
mash, tr. v. far/asha or palpa-
jarfa, shatani, ziibe, kyaskyas-
she, kirba, take.

R. H. D.
10
mashed 146 meaning

mashed, participial adj. dakak- matches, ashana* ; to strike

ke^ fern, dakakka, pi. dakakku. m. kyarta or karta ashana.
mashing, n. (e.g. of yams) mats, coll. (used for rooting)
kirbi. amdme; grass used for making
m.ass, n. tsaha ; am. of any- m. tsintsiya*.
thing zuri (K.). matter, n. (subject) tada, pi.

master, n. ubangiji ; uba, pi. tadodi what is the m. 1 mi

;

ubanne, ubanai. ya/aru 1 what is the m. with

master, tr. v. (to overpower) you 1 mi ya same ka 1
rinjayi or rinjaya, Ji*, i*. mattress, cloth, n. darduma,
masticate, tr. v. tamna or katifa.
tauna, tsuke. mature, adj. and v. nena ; see

masticated, particip. tamnan- ripe.

ne, fern, tamnanna, pi. tam- me, personal pron. ni, e.g. he
nannu. caused me fear ya ba ni
m.at, n. gen. abin shimfida, tsoro, they followed me sun
mashimfidi a grass m. ; leso ;
bi ni; with prep, to me
spec,an old grass m. keso m,a ni, gareni; exclamatory,
a reed m. tabarma a goat- ; me! do you mean me?
skin m. buzu, kilishi ; a niyal
round m. giwa a round
tdfin ;
meal, n. 1. (repast) kalachi,
grass m. tmindi, windi (S.), which also = midday m.
asalo ; a mat let down in 2. (ground corn etc.)gari',
front of a doorway asabari, see flour.

tufaniya, mayamfadi (S.) mean, n. (midway position)

a grass or reed m. for cover- matsakaichi.

ing the outside of houses mean, adj. (worthless, con-

zdna a split-cane woven m.

; temptible) lalatachche, fern.

kwara-kwdra a m. used as ;
lalatachchiya, pi. lalatattii,

a door cover kyaure a hang- ; banza.

ing m. tihu, tifu a m. made ; meaning, n., e.g. the m. of a
of palm leaves mulli, mui'li, word or a phrase log a, gutsuy
gazari see mats.
;
tushe, azanchi, baichi, kdri^
match, (fellow) tsdra, pi. m,a'ana, dalili* ; e.g. there
tsarara-raki ; look for your isno m. in it babu loga;
m. nema tsaranka. what is the m. of it?
 measles 147 meditate

minene gutsunsa or wannan a piece of m. roasted on a

ina TYioHana tasa ? stick chanchanga, tsire, tsiri,

measles, n. karamhau, ka- pi. tsirare; a small piece of

7'iinhau. m. tsoka (S.), pi. tsokoki ;

measure, n. 1. gen., both in thin strips of m. dried in the

the strict sense and also of sun ydwara ; the fat of m.
comparison, estimation, pro- mai, kitse ; epithet applied to
portion, one's m. or standard broth without m. da lami.
gwalgwado, gwargwado. meddlesome, kasarantam.
2. an instrument or means meddlesomeness, karamhdni,
of measuring abin auna, abin kazalaha.
awo, ma-auna, magwadi, ma- mediator, n. matsajkanchi.
gwaji. medicine, n. mdgani, pi. ma-
3. spec, the foot regarded ganguna, 7nagunguna to ;

as a m. of length taki, pi. take m. sha or hade mdgani

take-take ; am. of length to administer m. sa, ha or
. from elbow to tip of middle hada mdgani ; a m. for the
finger kamu; a cloth m. of eyes korino^ giwakamba ; a
about 15 feet zarie, pi. zari- m, taken to ward off" an
. nuwa or zanna ; a m. of enemy's blows sagau a m. ;

capacity mudu (K.), pi. mu- for children dauri sources ;

duna; a m. for grain zakka of m. —a tree whose root is

(S.) see span.

; used as a m. for dysentery
m.easure, tr. v. gwalgwada, domashi a sharp, thorny
;

gwargwada, gwada, awo, yin grass ground up as a m.

awo, auna] to m. with the rairai ; a root used as a
thumb and middle finger ra- purgative m. zagarafi; a
tsa; to m. with the hand tdka. plant with small black seeds
measuring, 1. participial n. from which a purgative m.
Igwalgwadawa. is made nandfa see also ;

2. anything used for m. tsuhu, tsumi, etc. ; m. con-

see measure (2). sisting of charms tsubbu,

f
meat, n. (flesh used as food) tsihbu, dabo.
nama, pi. namomi, dctgu (K.), Medina, Madina.
yome (S.) spec, thin strips
; meditate, intr. v. zache ; see
yt of cooked m. kiltshi, kills think.
10—2
meditation 148 merchant

meditation, n. tunane, tunan- expected m. kachibis, kitihis;

ne, pi. tunannu. they have met sun yi kachi-

Mediterranean Sea, Bahar his.

Ilmal. melon, n. dila*; spec, water-

medium, (average) tsaka-tsdka', m. guna, kankana.
m. sized matashi. melt, tr. V. (e.g. m%t^\^) narke,
meek, adj. da hankuri \ cf. narka it is just at melting
;

seq. point ina kan narkewa.

meekness, n. hankuri^ han- melted, be, intr. v. narku.
kura. melted, participle narkakke,
meet, adj. daidai, and in fem. narkakka, pi. narkakku.
stronger sense halal, halas ;
melting, n. narki.
not m. haram, ha daidai, ha memorandum, of goods, writ-
halal etc. ; cf. seq. (2). ten on paper, n. zumam%
meet, v. 1. tdriye, tar a, yin zumame.
td7'iya, (to assemble) tdra memorial, n. amhdto.
to m. as in conflict or op- memory, n. tunane'*, tuna*,
da to m.
position karo with ; famu.
with gdmu or gamo da tare ; men, n. 1. (males) m^dza, ma-
or tarda, ta^'as da, tariyo* zaje, mazaizai.
tsaya da same or samo
', ; 2. (human beings) mutane.
hdda da, karamta da, sddu to ; mend, tr. v. 1. gyarta, gyara.
m. a person coming from the 2. to patch clothes etc.

opposite direction karamta hanke, lallaha, toshe, taushe.

da; to m. (i.e. to reach to) 3. fig. (to set right, to '
m.
taras ; to go to m. tarha (S.) matters ')
gyara.
to m. unexpectedly chin kdro. 4. to m. a road tdda
2. (to m. so as to be fit, hanya.
suitable, sufficient) gamshe, mendicant, n., see beggar.
ishe; this meets our case mending, participial form
wannan ya ishe mu. gyartawa.
meeting, n. taruwa, (assem- mention, tr. v. amhdta, am-
bling) tdriya ; m. of rivers hdto, amhache.
(confluence) m^agangami a ; merchandise, n. hukdta, abin
day of m. (with God on the chiniki, fatauchi, urula.
last day) ran gamu ; an un- merchant, n. falke, fem. fat-
 merciful 149 miller

kiya^ pi. fatake., dtajiri or might, n. iko, {pi physical

tdjiri, mai-fatmichi, dan ga- power) karifi, karji; with
rumfa*', see trader. m. da iko.
m.erciful, adj. (epithet applied mighty, adj. mai-iko, mai-
to God only) errahimi*. kariji, bajini*, gugara* (as ;

im.ercy, n. jinkai, tausayi* epithets of God) jabbaru,

see compassion. aljabbaru,jalala; see power-
m.erely, adv. sai dai, sai. ful.
message, n. (errand, mission) mignonette, an amaranth
sako, (news or information plant with a flower like m.
brought) labdri, jawdbi to ; zaki banza. It is closely re-
complete the delivery of a lated to the native spinach ;

m. ida labdri. cf. alayafu.

m.essenger, n. maaike, maaiki, migrate, to zakuda, zauda.
pi. masu-aike; jekdda,jakdda, migration, kaura a place to ;

fern, jekddiya, makirayi; which anyone migrates ma-

manzo^ pi. manzan^ii^ which kaurachi.
is also specially used of a mildew, n. fumfuna^ funfuna,
king's m. fufuna, damshi, laima, lam-
m.essiah, the almasihu. niya, rima.
meteorite, gatarin arddu. milk, n. nono, pi. nonuna ;

^
midday, n., of time tsakar sweet or fresh m. mddara
rana. curds of m. gunt^ji't m.
middle, n. tsdkiya, tsdka,a and water
tsararauka ; a
fi^dka\ the space between herb, the root of which is
two places or things tsdkani; put in m. to preserve it loda,
in the m. of (prepositional da/ara ; to skim m. yade.
phr.) tsdkani; to be in the milk, tr v. tatsa, tatse, twache,
m. tsdkaita. twatsa (S.).
midge, ('sand-fly') kyashi, kyar- milkweed, gigantic m. or
firfita. Dead Sea apple (Calotropsis
midnight, tsdkan dare. procera) tumfajiya.
midst, n., see middle, mill, n., see millstone.
midwife, n. ungozuma, un- mill, tr. V. (to grind) nika.
gozoma, unguwanzoma, ingo- miller and mill-owner, n.
; zoma. mai-reda.
millet 150 miss

millet, n., bastard m. tumhin minstrel, n. zabiya, pi. zabi-

jaki ; bulrush or pearl m. yoyi.
gero, maiwa ;
great m. dawa ;
minute, n., of time gari^,
'
marua or '
'
ragi ' m. tamha ;
diga.
the first ripe heads of m. mirage, n. diyal-rana (lit. child
before the general crop is ripe of the sun), kawalwalniya.
tumu; m. which has sprung mire, n. Idka, tabo, pi. tabuna;
up by itself on an unsown see mud.
farm ydbdrL mirror, n. madubi, madubin

million, adj. alif alif; duhu ido, madubin Juska, 7natso-

(iari yoma. kachi.
millipede, kadandoniya^ aima- miscarry, v. bari, yasda diya^
ka see centipede,
; bata chiki*, lalache.
millstone, n. dutsin nika, mischief, n. keta, maslfa, bar-
niki, tnaredi, pi. maredai. na to do m. yin sabdbi
; ; m.
mimosa, kaidaji ; Egyptian making kwarmato*.
m. bayaruioa. mischief-maker,n.wai-sct6«6i,
minaret, hasumiya (S.), sumi- pi. masu-sababi ; machuchi.
ya (S.), sumaya (K.). mischievous person, n. mai-
mince, tr. v. (cut into very maslfa, mai-ta^adi.
small pieces) yanyana. miser, n. bahili, marowachi.

mind, n. znchiya* ; I am of miserable, to be or to render

two minds ina da zuchiya m. sifiihi.

hiyu. misery, n., see distress,

mind, v. (to regard, heed) kula misfortune, n. hasdra, asdra,
with da, see care, tasaj'i, sababi, maydta, via-

mine, sep. possess, pron. nawa slfa, halaka or hallaka.

when obj. possessed is masc, mislead, tr. v. rude ; one who
j

tawa when fem., e.g. your misleads marude or mai-rudey \

horse is stronger than m. pi. Tnaruda.

dokinka yaji nawa karifi. misled, particip. rudadde, fei
mingle, tr. v. chudnya, see mix. rudadda, pi. rudaddu.
minimum, kadane*. miss, n., used of an ai
minister, a king's, n. hafade, gun, etc. kuskurewa.
pi. mafadawa; m. of the miss, V. (e.g. to pass overi f

household magaji. omit words in a book) ratsa*

missing 151 mole

fatara ; to m. the way ratsa moat, baza, gwalalo.

hanya ; to m. (of an arrow) mob, gurtgu.
Jeuskure^ kurkura^ kure (S.), mock, V. bananche, yin ba'a,

yin kundu ; to m. fii'e fdsa ;

yin gori, reda.
to m. one's aim baucle ; shctn mockery, ba\i, bananchi, gaiya,
kuskure, shan hara to in. ;
gori, izgili.

or fail to meet yin sivahdni. mode, n. hdli, pi. hdlaye.

missing, used of two persons m. moderate size, n., a thing of

each other on a road swahani. m. s. madaidaichi.

mist, n. hrXzo,/eshi, kdsashi. moderately, adv. da dama
mistake, n. mantuwa, rikichi, dama.
pi. rikita, rikichetva ; kure, modest, adj. (bashful, or under
pi.kurakuri; I made a m. a sense of shame) da kumya.
na yi kure to make a m. ; modesty, n. (sense of shame,
manta, mmiche, yininantuiva, bashfulness) kumya, kunya.
hata zanche. Mohammed, pr. n. Muham-
mistletoe. West Indian m. madu, Muhammnad, Ahmadu,
kauchi. Ahamadu, dan Amina.
mistress, n., m. of the house mohammedan, a, n. niusulm,i,
uwaryida, uwalgida, m. of pi. musulmai the m. ; religion
slaves uwargijiya. 7nusulumchi ; to be a m.
misty, adj. da hdzo. musulmnta ; I changed from
misunderstand, v. yigiche. a heathen to a m. na sauyad
misunderstanding, yiyi. da arna musulm,i.
mix, tr. V. dame or ddma, moist, m. ground dausayi, lai-
yarwaya, ganyama, kwdhe, ma, dim.au (S.).
kwdha, yauraye, hautsina, moisten, tr. v. jika, jike.
kada ; to m. together chuda moisture, n. damshi, rima
or chudaya, surka, yatnutsa, see damp,
yamuche to m. mud chuda
; molar, a m. tooth matamni,
yimbu, chuda mixing chu- ; pi. matamna.

dawa. molasses, a kind of, n. mddi,

mixed, what is, e.g. mortar, n. madiya.
dannamiya. mole, n. (birth-mark) tadawal
mixing, gdmawa, gauraya, Allah ; an animal resembling
kwahi, surki. a large m. yyahji.
molest 152 more

m.olest, tr. V. tsananta, alale. m. watan gobe the m. after ;

moment, n,, of time kyapta- next watan jibi four months ;

wan ido, gari* in a m. ; 7vata fudu ; the fourth m.

(forthwith) na7i da nan. wata na-fndu.
Monday, n. litini, latini and monument, n., see memorial.
racial latini, attanin (S.). moon, n. wata, pi. watanni,
money, n. kurdi, kudi ; for masc. ; the new m. ^abon
m., on payment of m. da wata, farin wata, jinjirin
kurdi; (the only money re- wata (S.); a new m. when
gularly used by the Hausas seen with the old m. amari-
consists of cowrie shells, yan wata moon-light farin
;

about 2000 of which are wata; a bright m. wata

equivalent in value to a farifat a halo round the m.
;

shilling ; the Austrian dollar sansani ;

phr. the m. is ended
is occasionally used, see wata ya mutu the m. is new ;

dala) ; ready m., i.e. cash wata ya tsaya.

down hannu da hannw, much more, adj. 1. (greater in amount)
m. kurdaidaij kurade (S.). maji-yawa, e.g. he gave him
money-bag, small, n. tsaleta. books m. than ours ya ha shi
mongoose, a species of ayarabi. litataji mafi-yawaddganamu]

monitor, guza, damo, tsari. m. considerable than this

monkey, n. hiri, fem. hirinya, maji-girma dag a nan.
pi. hirai, hiraye or hiruna ;
2. (to a greater degree) as
different species are : jan in our comparison of adj. and
birij kirka, hi kuka, gata or adv. ji, e.g. he is m. cunning
gatan biri a small reddish
; than a ground squirrel ya ji
m. tsida an old m. gauji
; kurege wayo he likes me m. ;

a baboon gogo, gwaggwo, than you ya Ji so na da kai ;

yimki (K.), bika (masc). faye, faskare, e.g. you ask m.

monkey-bread, tree, n., i.e. than I am equal to ka^ia son
the baobab kuka. abin da (ya faye ma ni or)
monkey-nut, n. gyada; oil ya faskare ni.

from the m.-n. main gyada. 3. (m. in addition, further)

month, n. masc. wata, pi. kara, e.g. add m. (to the
watanni; this m. watan yaw, price in bargaining) ka kara
last m. ivatan jiya next ; ma ni ;
give me m. money
 moreover 163 moth
dada ma ni kurdi ; he is 2. (building cement) dama-
i; asking for m. ya ke 7teman raiya, damamma (S.) to mix
;

kari; although they made m. dame or dama.

every attempt to console him, mortgage, to tolma, see pledge.
be cried the m. koda suka yi moslem, n. musulmi, pi. mu-
kokari dayawa sun ha shi han- sulmai ; see mohamme-
kuri shi ya kara kuka ; he dan.
stabbed him, then he moved mosque, n. masallachi, pi.
no m. ya yanke shi baya nan masallatai or masaUataye.
bai kara yin motsi ba a little ; mosquito, sdhro, sauro, samro,
m. da dama much m. hale, ; sabruna or sahraye.
pi.

bare, balanta, e.g. he would most, adv. 1. (denoting the

receive anyone,m. much relative superlative) is ex-
would he receive me ya pressed by a defining phr.
dauki kotva halanta niya. mafi (or yafi) duka (or kowa),
moreover, adv. haija7i hdka, i.e.surpassing all or any, e.g.
fa*, ananan. he is the m. powerful shina
morning, n., the early m. safe da karifi ya fi duka; for
and safiya; when m. came similar phrases cf. the m.
da safe ya yi in the m. ; Mohammed Mu-
excellent
da safe; every m. kowache hammadu ya fi kowa; He
safiya ;
good morning sanu ! (i.e. God) who is m. powerful
da safe or sa^iu da rana mai-iko da kowa.
; very early in the m. sassafe 2. the absolute superlative
m. two hours after sunrise (=in a very high degree)
hantsi. faye, the cat
e.g. is m.
morning-glory, (plant) yako, addicted to crying at night
yaryadi. kyanwa ta faye yin kuka da
morrow, rana mai-
n. yobe, dare.
!
zuwa good-bye till to-morrow
; moth, n, gishi, majihari, huta
sai gobe; for 'day after to- ivuta, bam,ota^ spec, a m.
morrow '
etc., see day. from a black caterpillar aso,
morsel, n. gutsura, pi. gutsure, asu am. with red ab-
;

mortar, n. 1. (made by scoop- domen, white thorax and

ing out a log) turumi, pi. black and orange wings ga-
, turame. madidi.
mother 154 much

mother, n. uwa^ iya, inna (S. ),

intr. yin motsi to m. away
;

jatoma*, gyatuma*; children from gurgiisa, gurgushe to ;

m. chiki daya.
of one m. a little back gusa, gidgusa,
m.other-in-law, n. sarakuwa, gurgusa ; to m. a little
suruka. forward guso or gurguso to ;

motion, n. motsi. m. backwards and forwards

mould, n. alashaf. gusa, guso; to m. forward
m.ound., n. tudv^, pi. tudodi. or backward so as to make
mount, V. hawa or hau ; to room zakuda, zauda ; to ra.

ra. a horse or to m. on horse- nearer to the speaker zakudo;

back hawa doki or hawa bisa to m. from a place gurgushe;
doki ; to m. up or upon tdka, to m. towards gurguso : it

taki, taska ; to cause to ra. cannot be moved ya ki

hawas da, haushe. motsuwa.

mountain, n. tudu, pi. tudodi, movement, n. motsi,

tudunduna, tsauni. moving, m. a little away,

mourn, v. yin tdkaba, yin particip. gusawa.
kuka, yin makoki. mow, tr. V. yanka or yanke.
mouse, n. lera (K.) or hira, much, 1. adj.and adv. (in
. dam her a, damhariya, kusu great quantity) yawa*, da-
(S.), kusa; the striped
pi. yawa, mai-yawa, e.g. m.
or zebra m. harewar kuau \ money kurdi dayawa he ;

water m. (or cane-rat) heran rejoiced m. ya yi murna

kyamro ; a poison used to dayawa yawa connective
;

destroy mice madat, madas] form yawan, da gugu, con-

a special name given to a m. nect, gugun, gugin, tuli, ru-
mi-kwana-ka-ha-ni. tutu (Zanf.), sununu, e.g.
m.OUth, n. baki, pi. bakuna ; m. sand gugun rairai how ;

also tig. of the opening or m. 1 ndwa, nauwa 1 e.g. how

entrance to anything, e.g. m. money am I to give you \

the m. of a well hakin rijiya; kurdi ndwa ni ba ka 1 to do

spec, a disease at the corners something very m. faye, e.g.
of the m. dacha, datsa; to fill children laugh very m. yara
the m. gumde. sun faye yin dariya ; to be
mouthful, n. loma, lauma*. too m. for buwaya or buwaye.
move, V. tr. and intr. motsa, faskare, e.g. it is too m. for
I
mucus 155 musician

P me ya huivaye ni ; it is too murder, intr. v. yin kdshin-

m. ba shi kai hakanan ba or yin kisankai.
kai,
(/a faskare ; m. more hale^ murderer, n. makashi, maka-
hare^ barshe, or with pre- shinkai, see kill.
ceding negative much less; murmur, intr. v. yin guna-
very m. pal (K.), fed (S.). guni.
mucus, from the eyes, n. muscular person, n. gyande^
kwamtsa, kwantsa, kwamtso. fem. gyandiya.
mud, n. yimbu, yambu, yumbu, mushroom, naman kaza.
tabo, pi. tabuna, Idka, kd/o, music, n. molo, maulo, pi. mo-
kd/au, potopoto ; spec, a hand- luna; to play music yin ivasa.
ful of m. churi ; a round musical instrument, n. abin
piece of m. chibirin kasa ; molo, kida, kidi ; any kind'of
slippery m. talalabiya* ; m. wind m. i. busa, pi. bushe-
or sand in water yashi. bushe ; to play on a m. i.

muddy, adj. da tabo ; m. water that is touched or struck yin

(/wiha, gwibi, gurbatctchen kidi ; spec, a m. i. like a
ruwa ; to make m. gurbata. guitar gurumi or gurimi a ;

m.ud-fish, or Gambian lung- m. i. held under the arm, a

iish, i.e. Protopterus annec- kind of drum kotso ; a m. i.
tens, n. gaivxi ; noise made made of a long gourd zu7i-
by the m.-f. chituuki, tsuki guru; a m. i. played by
(S.). rubbing on it kukuma a ;
^

muezzin, n. laddn, laddni, stringed m. i. matsirkiya ;

wazanu (S.), wazinu, mai- strings of a m. i. tsarkiya;

kiran salla. a stick for m. i. goge; a m. i.
mule, n. alfadari, fem. aJfco- played before a king pam-
Ij dara, pi. alfadaru, alfa- jKimi, famfami, a wind m. i.
1 darai. s^>^^^,a wind m. i. resembling
o
multiply, tr. v. yawanta, kara*, a bagpipe algaita, algaitua ;

riba ; I multiplied it by ten trumpet or trombone kakaki.

na riba ski goma. musician, king's, n. zabiya
multitude, n. yawa, taro or (K.), zabaya (S.), pi. zabi-
faru, pi. tarori. yoyi m.; who performs on
murder, n. kdshinkai, klsan- a drum, n. makidi ; on
kai. trumpet mai-busa.
musk 156 natal

musk, n. muska. kumbuna or kumbai, /archie

muslin, n., used for turbans farche.
harsa, hassa, hirsa. nail, an iron, n. kusa.
mussel, pond-m. kumha. nail, tr. V. kafa.
mussulman, to be a, intr. v. naked, adj. tsirara, funtu,
musulumta^ ; see moham- huntu, da tsiraichi, mai-
medan. tsiraichi or da /u7itu, jir ;

must, V. (i.e. be obligatory or a n. person tumbar* he is ;

necessary) lalle, kamata, e.g. n. ya yi tsirara.

we must work lulls ne (or nakedness, n. tsiraichi, funt-
ya kamata) mu yi aiki ; see unchi, kdsau woji, e.g.
; a
necessary, naked liekariyar wofi.
musty smell, as of grain long name, n. suna, pi. sunaye,
kept, n. suna*. sunanaki; a city whose n.
mutilate, to gunche, kire is Kano birni sunansa Kano ;

mutilating kirewa. what is his n. ? wa sunansa ?

mutilation, e.g. loss of hand ormi an che da shil phr,
or foot dungulmi, gundulmi. name its price ba shi suna.
muttering, jiza. name-day, for a child, n. ran
muzzle, for goat or donkey, suna; a meal connected with
n. takunkumi. the n.-day tuwon suna.
my, possess, pron. 1. sufF. -na napkin, n. kalkdfi, maharma.
when the obj. possessed is narrate, \.fadi,fada.
masc, -ta when fern., e.g. narrative, n. labdri, aljama.
my father uhana, my mother narrow, adj. kumchi, kunchi,
uwata. kunkunta a n. place tvurin
;

2. separate, nawa with matse.

masc, tawa and tata* with narrow, v. 1. tr. (to make n.)

fem., e.g. my horse doki kwmtata,

nawa; my mare godiya tawa. 2. intr. (to be n.) matsu.
myriad, n., of number ribbi*. narrowness, n. kumchi, kun-
myrrh, jawal. chi.

myself, pron. kaina ; I m. w^ natal, adj. na-haifuwa, fem.

da kaina. ta-haifuwa, e.g. your n. day
ra7ia ta haifuwarka or 7'anan
nail, finger-n. kumba, pi. (ran) haifuwarka.
 nation 157 needle

nation, alumma or aVumma. nearly, adv. kusa; it is n.

native, 1. adj. (of animals, ya yi kusan kareiva
finished
etc. belonging to a particular or ya kusa karewa ; he n.
country or district) expressed forgot it ya kusa manta shi.
by means of kasa or yari, nearness, (proximit)'-) kusa.
'.g. the n. trees itatuwan necessary, adj. wajib, wajibi,
kfisa', the n. fish kifayen lazumtache ; the necessaries
ijaringa. of life abin bukdtar i-ai.
2. gentilic n. (a native) of necessary, to be, v. wajaba,
a country ha with terminal wajiba, lazum^che, kamata
vowel e or i, e.g. a Hausa n. impers. it is n. ya wajiba, ya
ba-Haushe ; of a town or kamata, lalle ne.
locality da followed by its necessity, n. larura, lalle,
name, e.g. a n. of Zaria dan tllas ; of n. da lalle, da tilas,
Zazzau. da wuya, wajib, wajibi.
nativity, n. haifuwa. neck, n. wuya, iviya, pi. wiyayi.
natron, n. kanwa, gallo-, a neck-hole, of shirt, n. wundi.
heap of n. btirdumi*. necklace, mdkura, n. of red
nature, n. (character) hali. beads (worn
kutoji ; by
nausea, tsanda (K.). women) dumbujin zufa; a
navel, n. chlbi (S.), chlbiya n. composed of black seeds
(K.), pi. chibobi. kantururuwa, tagode.
near, adv. da kusa, kusa, e.^. need, n. bukdta.
he went n. ya tafi kusa; he need, v. bukata, yin bukata;
sat n. at hand ya zamna cf. prec.
kusa ; very n. kusa-kusa, kur- needful, it is, impers. ya ka-
kusa, kulkilsa ; da
n. to ktisa mata, lalle ne.
or kusa ga; n. to him kusa needle, n. alura, pi. alurai,
gave shi. madunkiya, matsiyachiya,
near, to be etc., v. intr. to be matsefata*, tamfasuwa, tan
or draw yin kusa, kusata,
n.
fasuwa; spec, large n. tsiko,
kusache, kusanta ; to draw n. sumjiya, sumdiya ; a sail-n.
duno; to draw n. to gzva- masilla,
j
misilla; a large
matsi, shi7ikaya*.
curved n. used for thatching
near, com ingn., participial form bida (S.) ; a needle's eyekd/cd
,
kusatowa. alura.
needle-case 158 nice

needle-case, n. gidan alura. network, n. aikin raga.

needlework, e.g. yellow n. on never, adv. expressed by v.
a burnous, n. yarrani*. tdba with negative, e.g. I n.
needy, adj. makaskaschi, pi. acted thus ban tdba yin wan-
makaskasta, talaka, pi. tala- nan ba we ; n. went there ba
kawa or talakka, mai-talaka) mu tdba je nan ba ; n. until

pi. masu-talaka, mai-talauchi, now dadai with negative

pi. masu-talauchi. verb, e.g. I n. saw it dadai
neglect, n., e.g. of work kwa- ban gani ba.

takwana*. nevertheless,adv.sa^^o, tareda

neglect, tr. v. kyale, rena, wannan, koda*, duk da hdka.
shdmuke (to take no notice
; new, adj. sdbo, fern, sdbuwa,
of) zuha idanu. pi. sababbi or sabbi ; a n.

neigh, intr. v. yiii haniniya. comer haddka; the n. moon

neighbour, n. makofchi (S.), sdbon wata, farin wata; to
makobchi, makubchi, ma-
pi.
•
make n. sabunta making ;

kofta, makochi (K.), makwab^ n. (renewing) sabunchi (K.),

chi, pi. makwabta. sabuntaka (S.).

neighing, n. haniniya. news, coll. n. labdri, kisa*

neither, adv. ko* ; after a neg. what is the news ? ina labdri
neither... nor ko...ko. or i7ia labdrin duniyal I
nerve, n. jijiya, pi. jiwoji or heard n. of you na ji labd-
jiyoji. rinka •
to publish n. labarta ;

nerves, coll. n. dagura. to spread false n. chhiewa,

nest, n. sheka, sheka (S.), pi. kwarmdto.
shekuna and shekoki, gurbi. next, adv. (as a qualification
net, n. taru, pi. taruna, mare- of nouns of time) gobe, e.g. n.

fiya (8.) ; spec, names for month watan gobe ; the n.

fishing-nets also rdfa (S.), world gidan gobe

lahira,
rdga, pi. ragogi, foma, homa the 11. day rana mai-zuwa
(S.), koma) a n. used for or rana mai-zakuwa, kashe-
carrying grass chali', the gari (K.), wanshekare (S.).
piece of wood to which the nibbling, e.g. of ants, n. tausan
{Joma) net is attached (gara).

furnai. nice, adj. da dadi; something

nettle-tree, zuwo. n. abin dadi.
R
aiche 169 nose

niche, alkuki. money babu kurdi no one ;

nickname, fakahi, sunan wasa. babu kowa, ba kowa, babu

Niger, Hausa name for the wanda or ba wanda.
river ; n. Kwdra, Kuwara or no, to say, v. hama, ki, kiya.
ruivan Kwara. nod, to, in assent, v. kdda kai,
,nigh, adv. kusa orda kusa n. ; gyada kai.
to kusa da or kusa ga. noise, dmo, dumi, dimi,
n.

night, n. dare sahanin yana* ; ;

hayaniya, hdniya*, yagatu
all n. dare duka; at n, or (K.), mita, holo loud and ;

by n. da dare good night ;

angry n. hargowa; a vague
sanu da dare, sai da safe unexplained n. burum; a
last n. jiya da dare; it distant n. jiza.
is n. dare ya yi or duniya nomadic, adj. pi. raasu-tashi.
fa yi dare to go by n. bin
;
none, babu (or ba) wanda,
adj.
dare ; to pass the n. wuni babu (or ba) kowa, babu, the
when n. comes or came da last applied to things ; n.
dare ya yi; the n. overtook used of persons babu mutum.
him dai'e ya yi masa. nonsense, n. wawa, wawanchi ;

nightjar, (Macrodipteryx ma- he talks n. shina mag ana

crodipterus) yaute, yotai, barkatai.
yautai. noon, n. tsdkar rana.
nightshade, black n. gautan noose, n. gen. zarge, pi. zar-
kaji. guna ; spec, a n. for catching
nine, num. tara, n. hundred animals mazargi, azarga^gi,
dari tara, by nines tara tara. azazargi (S.) ; kiri, pi. kirra.
nineteen, num. goma sha tara, nor, adv.
ko with negative,
sha tara, ishirin d.aya habu. e.g. he gave them neither
ninety, num. tisain, tasaJin, bread n. money for bread ba
dari goma bus, dari gaira ya ba su ko gurasa ko kurdin
goma, the two last = 100 less gurasa.
10. north, n. arewa; on the n.
ninth, num. 1. ordmsX na-tara, or to the n. da arewa or
fern, ta-tara. arewachi.
2. fractional n. tusu'i. northern, the, region, n. are-
no, 1. interj. a*, a' a. wachi.
2. adj. babu, ba, e.g. no nose, n. hanchi ; the bridge of
nostrils 160 nurse

the n. goral hanchi ; the 2. (strange) bako, fern.

part of the n. between the bakuwa, pi. bakuna, baki or

nostrils zozon hanchi ; a man bakokuna, da bako.
with flattened n. mai-hanchi novelty, n. (strangeness) bako7i-
nanakke; to blow the n. chi, bakontaka.
fyache majina. now, adv. yanzu, ko yanzu,
nostrils, n. hanchi, pi. hantuna. lokachin nan ; even n. ko
not, adv. ba, e.g. I know not ban yanzu, yanzu yanzu ;
just n.
sani ; the ba is placed before yau yau ; till n. har yanzu.
and after the verb or sen- nude, adj., see naked.
tence which it negatives, e.g. nullah, n. koram^a, njere*,

I did not see the man ban inj ere*.

yani mutum ba, or less cor- numb, to be, v., see numb-
rectly ban gani ba mutum', ness.
babu, e.g. it is not good babu number, n. guda, lisafi ; five in

kyau with imperative or sub-

; n. guda biyar ; without n.,

junctive clauses kada^ e.g. do beyond n., is expressed by

not fear kada kaji tsoro that ; Ji kidaya, e.g. fishes without
you may not fall (or lest you n. kifaye su Ji kidaya.
fall) kada kafadi kada dai, ; number, tr. v. lisaji, kilga or
e.g. let her n. be heard kada kirga.
dai a ji ta ;
'
or not ' when numbering, method of, n.

the words form the end of a kidaya, kididdiga.

question ko ba haka ba * numbness, n. dela, my hands
notch, n., e.g. in a tree for are numb dela ya kama han-
resting a load against loko. nuwana, lit. n. has seized my
note, duba or duho, e.g. note
V. hands.
this duba wannan. numeral adverbs, these are
nothing, n. babu, babu komi, formed by prefixing sau, so

ba,,.kom,i or ba komi ba, e.g. or guda to the cardinal

who knew n. wanda bai san numbers, e.g. once sau daya,
komi ba; n. but sai, sai dai. thrice sau uku or guda ukn.
notwithstanding, adv. sai ko, numerous, adj., see many.
tare da wannan, koda. nurse, n. m,ai-reno, mareniya,
nought, n., see nothing. majiya*.
novel, adj. 1. see new. nurse, tr. v. rene.
 nursing 161 occasion

nursing, n. reiw. obeisance, do, v. yin sujada,

nut, n. hcalo, kwaluica, yirchi runsu7ia, rusuna, yin aji, he
(S.), the small edible groimd- did 0. to him ya yi masa aji.
n. called also the monkey-ii. obey, tr. V. hi, ji ; to o. a com-
yyada (S.), yeda (K.), gujiya mand kiyaye magaria, also
(S.), pi. yujeye, monkey-n. hi {or ji) magana.
oil main yyadn\ Bambarra object, ahu, e.g. a wonder-
n.
ground-n. (Yoandzeia) kwa- ful abin mamaki; a de-
o.
ruruj gujiya^ this n. when lightful o. ahin murna] a
roasted is called yaro da sad o. ahin tausayi.
dariya; kola-n. goro q.v. object, tr. v. ki; to o. to
hazel-n. chanza'^, anza*) labour etc. yin kiimiya (or
shea-n. kadanya ; tiger-n. kyuya); to o. to an agree-
aya; physic or purging n, ment walwale.
hi ni da zugu ; see also objection, n. kiwuya, makan-
hawayen zaki the inside of ; gara.
a small ground-n. which re- obligatory, lazumtache, see
sembles in colour that of a hidi necessary,
(roan) horse, hidi; a dried- obliterate, tr. v., see blot out.
up n. kauda^ koda. observance, religious, n. ada.
observe, tr. v. 1. see notice.
O ! iiiterj. ya, aj\ ashd, ap. 2. (to comply with, e.g.
oak, i.e. African o., n. gwinki*, the commandments of God)
I namijin kadanya. rike, rika, riki
o. a ; to
oath, n. raiitsuwa, safirchi* promise damre magana, chika
to take an o. rantse and yin magana, kula hisa magana.
rrmtsuwa a common oath
; obstinacy, n. kin ji, shishige,
1
is tcaUahi, by Allah
i.e. ! taurin kai.
oats, wild o. bunsurun daji. obstinate,
,

adj. mai-kin ji, he

i obduracy, n. taurin zuchiya, became more o. ya kara
matanriyar zuchiya. shishigi.
,
obdurate, adj. da taurin zu- obtain, tr. v. same, sami, samo,
chiya. risks, riski, ruska, chi*,
Obedience, n. da\i,Jisa'a (K.). obtained, to be, v. samu*.
obedient, cf. he is disobedient obvious, adj. zahiri.
\
ha shi da'a. occasion,' n. (time of an
R. H. D.
11
occupation 162 oil

occurrence) loto, lotu, lauto oflf,adv., e.g. far off, at a dis-

(S.), lokachi*. tance off daga nesa ; to be o.
occupation, n. 1. (a being (to depart) tafi-, to come o.
occupied or busied) shagali, (to happen) faru ; to go o.
sa/ara (S.), e.g. the occu- (to escape) ^cAe, tsira, gudu*;
pations of this world sha- be o. ! arr.
galin duniya. offence, n. 1. (displeasure) hau-
2. (a trade, profession etc.) shi ; to feel o. jifi haushi.
gwani*, sana^a, antieshuwa. 2. (transgression, sin) zarn-
occupied, to be yin safara. ba or za7iba, zunuji or zunubi,
odd, adj. 1. (strange) bako. pi. zunufai.
2. (uneven) mara ; even or 3. (an annoyance) alale,
o. cMka ko mara. abin alale.
odour, n. wari, wardi, fre- offend, tr. V. 1. (to commit a
quently of a bad, disagree- transgression) yin zamba, yin
able odour, so also doyi, zunuji.
dwai an agreeable or
(S.) ; 2. (to annoy) alale.

sweet o. kamshi ; concr, a offer, in bargaining, to make

thing producing an agreeable an, V. taya, yin tayi ; an o.

o. or scent «6m kamshi to ; is made an taya.

get or emit a bad o. zaman officer, n. zarumi, zaromi,
wari, yiii wari, ruha or riha ;
zarmi or jarumi, pi. zarumai;
to perceive ^uchsino. jinwari. spec. o. at court turaki, ba-
oesophagus, garera^ jannai Juda.
(S.). officers, n., a king's o./adawa,
of, prep, (genitive) na^ fem. ta ;
q.v. ; spec, one of the chief
also expressed by the con- o. ma'aji; for non-commis-
nective forms in -n, fem. -r, sioned o. in English employ
-Z; e.g. history of the kings masu-igiya (i.e. bearers of

lahari na sarakuna or laharin stripes) is used.

sarakuna. The genitive re- official, n. galadima*'.

lation is often expressed by offspring, n. diya^ iri, pi.

the addition of a possessive irare, zuriya, zuri^a.

pronoun, thus, the house of often, adv. sau tari, sau da-
the king gidan sarikior some- yawa.
times sariki gidansa. oil, n. mai ; any dark o. ala-
I
oily 163 only

ycidi spec, castor o. main

; o. a horse bisa doki ; o. a
zurma o. from ground or ; a bisa tudu.
hill
monkey-nut main gyada; o. once, adv. san day a; to do a
from the kwdkwa palm w,ai7i thing o. taba^ e.g. I saw him
ja, alayadi o. obtained by ; o. na taba ganinsa at o.
;

distillation from sesamum (forthwith), I will go at o.

seed (cf. samsam) main ridi ; zan rika tajiya ; o. (in former
o. from the seeds of the shea- times) lokachin dd; in a
butter tree m,ain kadanya ; weaker sense (on one oc-
meni o. tree mamijin kadan- casion), e.g. there was o. a
ya a large tish from which
; man mutum. ke 7ian or akwai
o. for eating is obtained gini^ wani mutum,.
shambdna (S. ), zau o. palm ; one, num. adj. day a; o. of you
kivakwa, gima (S.), dayanku o. another ju-
;

oily, to be or become ndshe^ na7isu ; o. at a time daya

ndshi. daya ; o. here o. there daya
ointment, n. mai7i shafewa, daya ; not even o. (in nega-
jihda. tive sentence) ko daya but
J ;

okra, (plant) kubewa. o. sai daya] o. (i.e. French

old, adj. tsofo, fern, tsofuwa, pi. 'on' used as a prefix to
tsoffi, tsofaffi, tsofoffi; o. age verbs to form a kind of
tsufa to grow o. tsofa^ tsofe,
; passive voice) a.
fsufaand yin tsufa he is o. ; oneself, periphr. for, refl. pron.
yayinsa ya wuche an o. ;
zuchiya, see self,
man with bent back takoko onion, n. albdsa, pi. albdsoshi
o.woman gyatuma, jatuma wild hahki
o. spring o. al-;

to be older than girme ; o. bdsa mai-kunne, safa*; spec,

clothes ragga, pi. raggufia onions cooked in soup taushi,
to make o. (i.e. to wear out) taushe ; leaves of onions
tso/e ; see aged, lawashi.
old, of, adv. da and lokachin only, adj. and adv. makadaichi^
da ; as of o. kaman na da. mukadaich% kadai, sai, sai
olden, in... time, adv. phr., see dai, kawai, kauwe or kauwi,
prec. e.g.he only shi makadaichi
olive, tree, n. zaiti*. or shi kadai; there was
on, prep, bisa and a bisa, e.f?. nothing in it, stones o. babu

11-2
onwards 164 order

'
chikinta sai duwatsu ;
you openly, adv. a bude, a sarari,

have o. to stretch out your fai.

hand and take it sai dai ka ophthalmia, dmodari.
mika hannunka ka karha ta ;
opinion, in my o. abin da na
my o. brother guda kanena. gani, a tsamanina.
onwards, adv. gaba to go o. (to ; opponent, n. abokin-gdba, see

advance) yin gaba, chin gaba. enemy,

ooze, intr. v., also to o. out, opportunity, n. da7na, zarafi,

zuba, zubo. zarahi, sukuni (S.), e.g. he

open, adj. (i.e. unabashed) had not the o. ba ya samu
kirikirian o. place sarari
; ;
dama I have o. to ina
;

come out into the o. fUo da zarafi God give thee a

;

sarari. favourable o. Allah ya ba ka

open, to be, intr. v. budtt ; the so' a if I get an o. idan na
;

way is o. an shika hanya or samu sarari.

hanya ta budu cf. seq.
; oppose, V. hana, kara, karo,

open, tr. v. buda, budi, bude, yin karo, see conflict,

fuda, huda, wari to o. by ; oppress, tr. V. tsane, tsani,

making a hole in anything tsananche.

fuda or huiia ; to o. wide oppressed, particip. adj. mor
bubbude to ; o. out Jida or fide, kaskachi, mai-kaskasta, kas-
e.g. of unfolding a standard ; kastache.
o. the umbrella yaye lema; oppression, n. alhaki, tono,

by untying bale.
to o. yaji.
•

opened, particip. budadde, fem. option, o. of sale chiniki7i zabi.

budadda, pi. budaddu, also or, conj. ko. The correlatives
expressed by the pass, form either... or ko...ko.

a bude to be o. fadu, e.g.

; orb, n. guda*, its o. gudanta.

when all the gates were o. orchid, manta uwa, muruchin

lokachin da dukan kofofi am bisa.

bude su. ordeal, by water, n. gwaska.

opening, n. (aperture) budi, order, n. 1. (custom, rule or
baki, pi. bakuna ;
(hole) method of procedure) ada,
bariya; (commencement) /a- tada, aVada.
rawa ; the act of o. budawa, 2. (a command) hakumchi,
fudawa. hukumchi, dola^hi.
 order 165 other

3. adv. phr. in o. (in good ornament, n. 1. abstr. (embel-

order, correct) daidai ; conj. lishment) «x«?o, e.g. foro. naado.
in o. that domin, don, in, 2. concr. ornaments kayan
har dai, a bisa, e.g. he took ado.
medicine in o. that he might ornamental, adj. na ado.
be cured i/a sha mayani orphan, n. luardya, fem. ma-
domin a warke shi (or shi rainiya, pi. mardyu orphans, ;

warke) ; in o. that not domin i.e. children whose parents

kdda, e.g. let us take great died soon after their birth
care in o. that we may not who have been entrusted to
miss the way mu tiinane strangers to bring up davgana,
kwarai domin kdda mu rasa orphanhood, maraichi.
hanya; in o. to garin, e.g. oryx, n. mariri, marili ; wliite
you and I will go out in o. o. walwaji, ivarwaji.
to take a walk 7ii da kai ostentation, fade.
za mu tafi garin yawo. ostrich, n. jimlna, pi. jiminu.
!
order, hdkumta, hdkamche,
v. other, pronominal adj. 1. (dif-
hukumche, yin umarni, ka- ferent) dabam,
daban o. ;

darta ; the last used of God. words magamganu dabam.

ordered, particip. (arranged) 2. correlatives, the o. wan-

shiriyayye, fern, shiriyayya, chan, fem. wachan, pi. 7va-

pi. shiriyayyu. dannan; less emphatic of
orderly, an maji-kira, inajiya- various members of a group,
kira. e.g. the one the o. pi. some
. . . . .
,

ordinance, n. sharVa. others wani, fem. wata, pi.

ordure, n. kaaJii see dung. ; wansu, ivasu or wadansu
ore, iron, n. tama. repeated, e.g. the one said
oribi (antelope), hatsiya. yes the o. said no, quarrel-
origin, n. mafdri, usali, dsali, ling wani ya che, i wani ya
sabili, tnshiya, e.g. the o. of a che a^a suna yin gardam,a.
fable or story, i.e. what the 3. o. than (equivalent to
fable explains or accounts Engl, else) sai, this is seldom
for dallli ; their o. is the used except in negative state-
same tushiyarsa daia. ments, e.g. nothing other
orion, (the constellation) ma- than blood sai jini bamda^ ;

halbi. e.g. we have nothing o. than

otter 166 over-eat

this ha mu da komi bamda outdo, tr. V. (surpass) Ji,/aye.

wannan ; see another. outrun, tr. v. rigaya, riga,
otter, African clawless o. karen tsere, tsire.

ruwa. outside, adv. a waje, waje and

ought, aux. V. 1. (personal daga waje ; o. the town
construction) wajaba, wajiha, bayan birni.
e.g. we o. to repent mu outward, adv. daga waje.
tvajaha tuba. oven, n., i.e. a pit for cooking
2. (impersonal constr.) kd- bread in tanda (S.), tanderu
mata, kdmache, tvajiba, e.g. (K.).
ya tvajiba mu tuba or ya over, adv. (left, remaining) to
kdm.ata m,u tuba ; tvajib or be wanza and
o. wanzu,
wajibi isused with the v. to saura, what is o., n. bur-
be, e.g. wajibi ne (or ke) m,u bishi; to be o. (to be finished)
tuba. kare ; o. and above, preposi-
ounce, an o. weight wakiya*^ tional phr. bamda ; o., prep.
wukiya*. bisa, a 6^.s«, with or without
our, poss. pron. 1. suffixed -mih ga, e.g. he fell o. a big log
or -nmu., e.g. o. relations ya fadi bisa bahban ita^he,
danginm,u. he spread his gown o. the
2. separate, when obj. stones ya shimjida rigassa
possessed is masc. nam,u, bisa ga duwatsu.
when fern. tam,u ; thus, o. overcharge, n. (an excessive
horse doki namu, o. mare price) kiira.
godiya tamu. overcharge, v. (to charge an
ourselves, refl. pron., see self. excessive price) skirga with
out, adv. waje, e.g. he has gone tsada (dear), e.g. he over-
o. ya tafi ivaje ; the fire has charges yana shirga tsada.
gone o. wuta ta mutic ; o. of overcome, tr. v. rinjdya, rin-
ddga, he took a stone o.
e.g. jayi, rinjaye, faskare, kdda,
of his pocket ya fitas da kdshe, ima, i ; sleep overcomes
dutsi daga aljifunsa ; to go me berchi ya kam,a ni ] see
o. or to put o. (used of a fire) overpower.
biche. overdo, to shirga.
outcry, 7'akadi, suwa suwa, over-eat, to ginsu, gundnra^ '

see cry. guinide'^.

 overflow 167 pack-saddle

overflow, intr. v. (of rivers) forms in mai-, e.g. I o. the

tjin (jiln. horse doki gare ni, ina da
overflowing, used of a measure doki, ni ke da doki or ni ne
amaiche. mai-doki.
overpower, tr. v. kdshe, gctga- own, adj., e.g. my o. nawa,
huwaye he overpowered
!'((, ; with fem. obj. tawa ; cf.
me ija huwaije ni. H. G. p. 24.
overpowering, rinjaya. owner, n. mai-chi, mai-ahu,
oversee, to taakilta. connective form mai-abin;
overshadow, to innwantad da. the forms in mai- frequently
overstep, to swaha, sdha. express ownership, e.g. house
overtake, tr. v. tdras da, tsare, o. mai-gida; o. of a boat
Uhe, iske, chi ma, kwarari, tnai'jirigi.
kwarare. ox, n. sa, pi. shanu hurtumi, ;

overthrow, n. kaye, pi. kayoyi. pi. hurtumai o, with red ;

overthrow, tr. v. birkichi, body and white face buli;

hirkiche ;
yiche or gichi ;
jir- pack o. with wide spreading
kita,jirklche ; hankada, jefas horns takarkari, pi. takari-
da (K.), jefad da (S.), jefashe karai ; hole in nose of an o,
(Zaiif.). azii'ka, zari (S.).
overturn, tr. v. tankade, kdshe, ox-pecker (bird), charki, tsar-
kmie, juya; the latter used ki.
with da. oyster, freshwater o. 7nakan-
overwhelm, to yi7i kaye ; see kari, kawa.
overthrow,
owe, tr. V. hdda hannu da, pace, a tdki, pi. tdke-tdke, tdki-
also expressed by n. hashi tdki.

^
(debt), e.g. I o. him ina da pack, tied up, n. rizuma.
y
bashinsa (lit. I have his pack, up, to, tr. v. (e.g. a load)
I
debt) ; he owes me shina da Japta, labda.
bashiyia ; see debt. package, n. kaya, pi. kayayeki.
I
owl, n. mujiya, pi. mujiyai. packet (e.g. of paper), n. ri-
own,
tr. v. expressed by ga or
zuma, risTTia.
with pronouns gare, the pres. pack-saddle, n. sirdi, shirdi,
Iform in na with da ke, fern. ; pi. siradi, sirduna, sirida,
die with da; and by the siridda or sirada.
pad 168 palsy

pad, n. (placed on donkey) pair, a ivari.

Idheru, leferu, lafero^ aku- palace, royal, n. fdda, pi. fa-
mari ;
(on head of carriers) dodi, dandalin sariki.
gamo^ yanwo, Tnatsetsi ; a palate, n. ddbori, ddburi.
p. at the back of a camel's palaver, n. kuchi, pi. kuche-
saddle suldki. kuche, aldmari, shawara*.
paddle, tr. v. tunkuda (or Palestine, sham*.
tukob)^ jirigi. palisade, kdwara.
paddle, fito, used as a rud- palm, of hand, n. tdfin hannu.
der, n. matuki. palm, n. (the tree) deleb, fan
paddles, coll. karoki, p. of a or Palmyra p. giginya, pi.
CAnoe/ulafuIe ( ^.),filajili (S. ), yigangani, giginyoyi or gigi-
pilapili (K.). nai, kdri*, the dum p. goriha,
paddling, participial n. tu- pi. goribai, goribobi ; fronds
kawa. of dum p. kdba ; the oil p.

pagan, n. mme, pi. asna or kwdkwa, gima (S. ) flowers ;

arna; in a less strict sense of a young p. tree kilili;

(unbeliever) kafiri, pi. kafirai wine p. tukuruwa a bag ;

or kajirawa. made from leaves of the last

paganism, n. addini na {asna kororo ; nut of the giginya
or) arna or addinin asna, p. kodago (8.), kurdugo p. ;

kajirchi] to fall back from leaves tsaiwa; p. oil main

Islam to p. rinda. ja; p. wine from the tuku-
page, of a book, n. warka, ruwa p. bam, bambi, bammi ;

waraka, tabaka, taba'al ta- a species of from leaves p.

karda, shaft, shafe. of which hats and mats are
pain, n. zafi, azdba, alala, ar- made kajinjiri ; beams made
kdne, kuda, masiba, wahala, from the fan p. kwangi\
jitsa, marwa, radadi (K.), cocoa-nut p. kwakwan atta-

harbawa, zogi; labour pains gara ;

the ball-like fruit of
wahalar haifuwa; to feel p. the fan or deleb palm ktvolo ;

jin zafi, jin arkdne, shayi^. the unripe fruit of this p. is

pain, tr. v., to cause p. azabta. called kwalshini (S.), shoots

painful, adj. da zaft, da wuya, of the fan p. used as a vege-
da zogi, tnai-radadi (K.). table murichi, m,uruchi.
paint, to sifata, sifojche, zdna. palsy, inna.
 pan 169 pass

pan^ cooking, brass, with parch, tr. v. surya, soya, suya.

; handle, n. algidari, alkidarl. parched, particip. soyayye,
pangolin, see manis. fem. soyayya, pi. soyayyu.
panic, n. (sudden terror) tun- pardon, n. gafara.
znr^iwa, tunzura, razana, pardon, v. gafarta, yafe
tr.

rhaTnpi. as a polite expr. I beg your

pannier, grass, n. giifa, gufata, p. (excuse me) gafara or ka
ad'da. gafarta ma ni.
pant, intr. v. yin sheda, she- parent, n. mahaifi, pi. ma-
sheka. haifa.
panther, t-abji*, rabbi*, da- parents, n. uwaye, iyaye, ba-
misa*. fayu ; cf. also prec.
panting, n. hdki (S.), shashakl. parrot, n. aku, jiljilmako.
pap, n. (of the breast) nono, part, n. rabi, rabo or rabu, pi,

pi. nonna, nonnaye. raberabe, wari, shashi, sashe

papaw, n., see pawpaw, (S.), e.g. each of them shall re-
paper, n. takarda, pi. takardu ceive his p. kowannensu zai
a p. (a document) laya; a samu rabonsa ;
(region) waje,
^heet of p. taba'al takarda. pi. ivajeje.

parable, n. misali*, almara; part, tr. v. (to separate) 7'aba.

to speak in parables yin mi- parting, n. rabmva, rabo.
sfdi, kfvatamta, kwatanta. partition, n. (i.e. wall) sha-
paradise, n. aljanna. rnaki, pi. shamakai.
paragraph, of the Koran, n. partner, n. abokin taraiya.
,
izuji. partnership, karo, cf. kurdin
parakeet, (Agapornis pullaria) chaffa (or cha'ppa) the fees
fsiriya love-bird 1
; see paid on the establishment of
parallel, that which is, or like, a partnership,
adj. mai-maki. partridge, red-legged, n. ma-
parallel, to make, tr. v. dai- karwa, makivarwa, fakdra,
daita. pakdra.
oaralysis, inna. parts, which make up a whole
Daramour, kumrto. jimilloj.

parasite, n. (a hanger on paschal lamb or ram, n.

at others' tables) mai-kwa- ragon laya,
i raka. pass, V. wuche, fuche ; to p.
k
passage 170 pay

anyone on the path goche or hanya or tafarki, e.g. the

gwahche to p. the night kwa-
;
paths of Mussulmans han-
na, kwanta, wuni ; to p. away yoyin rausulmi.
shude^ shuda^ shudi, wuche or patience, n. hankuri, hakuri,
fuche ; to p. by widga, widge, hakurchi, hankura or hakura,
tourga^ ivuche, fuche, zage, dangana ; a man of extra-
zwdge (S.), zdga, zdgi to p. ; ordinary p. rakumin Allah;
near gege p. on ku shige
;
!
;
to show p. (to be patient)
to p. over (to cross) ketare, yin or the forms ending in
(to skip words in book) ratsa -na followed by hankuri, e.g.
chingara. they have p. suna yin han-
passage, a mctshigi. kuri or suna hankuri.
passionateness, n. hardra. patient, 1. adj. (calm, not
passover, feast corresponding fretful) da hankuri, mai-
with, n. scdlal lay a. hankuri, ynai-hakurchi, da
past, the, n. (former times) dd, safiyin rai ; to be p. jimri,
baya, e.g. the wars of the p. juri, hankura, yi^i harikui'i]
yakoki na dd ; the things of he is p. towards everyone
the p. ahuhuwa na-baya; a ba shi kosawa da Tniitane;
thing p. abin baya. cf. prec.
pastor, n. (shepherd) makiyayi 2. n. (a sick person) maras-
or ^nakyayi, pi. makyaya. laftya*.
pasture ground, n. tvurin patois, (i.e. bad Hausa) hd-

kiwo, makiyaya. bauchi, baubauchi.

pasture, v. tr. and intr. (to pattern, a p., e.g. in cloth zane.
graze) kiwo. paw, dagi.
patch, n. bmike, shaft, ftto, pawn, to yin ramche.
fihiga, pi. shiyuna. pawpaw, n., i.e. both the tree
patch, tr. V. (of cloth, clothes) and the fruit gwanda, gwad-
banke, toshe, shaft, shafe. da (S.).
path, n. turba, pi. turbobi, pay, n. lada, biya, e.g. that is

hanya, hayya, hay a, pi. han- their p. ladansu ke nan ; 8

yoyi, tafarki, pi. tafarkoki, soldier's deferred p. kurdin

godabe ; a straight p. hanya huji.
sosai ; a narrow p. labi ; fig. pay, tr. V. biya, yika, rama ;
tht

the p. of religion or conduct last is also used in the sense

 jayment 171 people

of to requite and to reward ;

bdra, bdre, bambaro, konkole^
to p. a debt hiya bashi ; to p. kwalkwale, kankari^feke (S.),

;i second time or over again fire (K.).

kwatamtawa. 2. intr. to p. or p. off, as
Dayment, n. blya, lada. the skin from a blister sale,

oea, earth p. kwaruru, kwa- male, swale; it peeled off ya

hilu^ gyada; pigeon p. (Indian baru.
dhal) wakmi turawa ; heart peep, to leka, lek% leko, rega (S.),

}). gautan kwado. see spy.

)eace, n. lajiya, limdna, natsu, peering, p. into re^o (S.).
jiatsuwa, wdli, pi. wale-wale peg, n. maratayi.
there between us lajiya
is p. pelican, n. kwasakivasa, jin-
fsakanhi mu you can travel ;
jimi* ; a short-legged p. bu-
in p. kana iya yin tafiya da bukuwa (S.).

lafiya p. of ;
njind dadin pelt, to, with, tr. V. jejeji da,
.tichiya; p.! (a salutation) jajjefa da ; to p. with stones
^(dlama; to be at p. yin jefit da dutvatsu.
fcdli. pen, n. 1. (for writing) alka-

beace-maker, n, matsakanche, lami, pi. alkalamai.

maitsakanta husutna. 2. (enclosure for sheep,
3eak, n. kai, e.g. p. of a hill etc. ) garke, pi. garkuna, turke,
kan tudu; spec. p. of a rugga, garge (S.).

'
saddle kivachiya ; the front penalty, jaraha,
p. of a saddle kwachiyar gaba pendant, e.g. a p. stone worn
its hind p. ku-achiyar haya. by women, n. talhatina, pi.
Deal, of thunder, n. t»awa. talhatinu.
Dearl, n. murjan* ; idon zau- penis, azakari, bura, didi, ku-
ra ;
pearls coll. kwan kiji. tunia, tnazakuta, (of animals)

oeck, tr. v. koto. gandari, talolo (K.).

peculiarity, n. (of animate pennisetum, n. (Cenchrus ca-
beings) hdli, pi. hdlaye. tharticus) karangiya ; cf.

Deddler, mai-sari. gero, maiwa.

Deel, n. (of fruits, etc.) kwas/a, people, n. mutane, pi. of 7nu-
kosfa*, pi. kwas/oji, bawo, f/am (in the sense of popula-
tsiyayi. tion and persons generally),
Deel, V. 1. tr. kivare, kwari, e.g. the p. of Lingi mutane^i
pepper 172 persistence

Lingi ;
(connections, rela- perhaps, adv. watakila, halama.
tions, etc.) kibanta* ;
(fol- peril, n. hatsari.
lowers, congregation, etc.) perish, intr. v. (to be spoiled,
aVumma. wasted or destroyed in any
pepper, n., red or chilli p. way) bata, bache, yakuche^
barkono ; a large green p. e.g. they p. together sum bache

tatasaiy tivashshi, tushi ; spec. tare, lalache, mache (to die)

;

a red p. (capsicum) kole, 7nutii, e.g. they perished of

tankwa, tsidifu ; Melegueta hunger sun mutu da yunwa.

p. or 'grains of paradise' perished, participial adj. Ma-
chitta; African, Guinea, or tachche, fem. lalatachchiya,
negro p. kimba ; West Afri- pi. lalatattu.

can black p. masoro ; the perishing, participial n. Idor

hotness or sharpness of p. chewa.
yaji, pi. yazuzzuka. perjury, n. kapara, kafara (S.)
per adventure, adv. watakila, to commit p. (to swear falsely
halama. yiu kapara.
perceive, tr. v. 1. gen. (to permanence, n. tabbatawa.
apprehend by the senses) ji ;
permanent, adj. matabbata
to p. by sight gani. to make p. tuturta.
2. (of comprehending, permission, n. yarji, yardi
understanding) fahimta, ji, yarda, izni, e.g. grant me p
also sani to p. something
; ba 7ii yarji by the p. of Go(
;

wrong farga, e.g. I p. that da yardan Allah or bisa yar

you are cheating me nafarya dan Allah.
da kai. permit, tr. v., see allow.
percolate, to yoya, see leak. perplex, to dame, ddma; se<

perfect, adj. inyatachi. confuse.

perfect, tr. v. chika. perplexed, to be, intr. \

perforate, tr. v. fuda or liuda, damn.

sossoke, fiosoke ; see pierce. perplexity, n. tunzura.
perforce, adv. da tilas, tilas, perquisite, a corn-dealer's p
e.g. we had to go on board rara.
p. mun hawa bisa jirigi da persist, to zage^, dora*.
tilas ; see force. persistence, ndchi, nachiya^
perfume, n., see odour. see continuance. !
 oerson 173 pierce

iDerson, u. mutum, pi. mutane, physician, n. mai-magani, pi,

also (with or without mutum) masu-magani see doctor. ;

Irani, fern, fcata, pi. wansu, pick, n. dundurusu, kalme.

/('((Ml, ivadansu, yasu, e.g. pick, tr. V. (to choose) zabe,
some persons wadansu mu- zaha or zabi ; to p. a quarrel
f<nie or wadmisu ; a certain tona fada to p. out tsina,
;

p. who shall be nameless tsinche, tsunche and tsinta,

muturn kaza. kwalkwale, konkole, kwakule ;

iperspiration, n. jibi, gumi, to p. up jide, sarbe ; to p. the

! zu/a. teeth kwakivala, hakori, sa-
Iperspire, intr. v. yinjibi, zu/a, kata hakori.
yru gumi. pickaback, (a children's game)
persuade, tr. v. lallasa, biko, dokin wuya.
f'ffra kunne, kuta. picked, part. pass, (chosen)
persuaded, particip. pass, (sure zababbe, fem. zababba, pi.

or certain) is expressed by zababbu.

means of tabbata, etc., e.g. picking a thing off the
he was p. tha.t...ya tabbata. ground, particip. n. tsin-
'persuasion, lallashi, pi. lalla- tuwa, tsuntuwa.
Hoshi. pick-pocket, dan sane.
pervert, tr. v. (to lead from picture, n. misali*, kdma*
truth or right) rude. his p. jnisalhtsa or ka-
perverted, part. pass, (misled) mansa.
nidadfle, fern, rudadda, pi. piece, n. wari, bangori; small
rudaddu ; to be p. rudu. p. of anything tsibiri, chibiri
pestilence, n. alloba, aloba, or chibri, gutsure, pi. gutsa-
hala^i'^. tsari, tarfi, guntu, gutsi
pestle, n. kayan ddka, tabariya, a small fragment guntun
pi. tahare. abu ; to break a p. off gut-
pet, (favourite) da^i tatangi. sari.
pheasant, crow p. or lark-heel pieces, to tear to, tr. v. tsats-
cuckoo ragon inaza; rock p. tsaga.
kazan dutsi. pierce, tr. Y,fuda, huda, huji,
phoenix bird, fufunda*. soka, soke, soki, yin sakiya,
physic, n. (medicine) magarii, tune, zarta; intensives, to p.
I
pi. mayunguna. many holes fufuji, furfuje,
piercing 174 pitch

huhuda; to p. through sos- pillar, n. gimshiki, gumshiki*,

8oke. pi. gimshikai.
piercing, n., e.g. of the skin by pillow, n. matashin kai, ma-
an arrow sakiya, soka, pi. jingi^ii.

soke-soke. pimple, bar-ni-da-mugu.

pig, gursunu, pi. gursuna, ala- pin, n. tsiko*, tsinke* ; a p.

de* wild
; p. and red river hog used for pressing cotton dan
aladin daji, durungu ; wart bida a large wooden p. used
;

hog gyado, gadu, fern, gado- in winding the thread on the

niya, pi. gyadodi, gyaduna, cylinder which is fixed in the
alhanzir, mugnn ddwa^ rishi. shuttle tangori.
pigeon, n. tantabara^ pi. tanta- pincers, n. kwdguwa, hafitsaki,

baru; p. or green p.
fruit madebin kaya*.
biribiri or kurchiyar gamji, pinch of, to take, v. tsakura,
see dove, gutsnra.
pike, n. (spear) mashi, pi. ma- pinch, tr. V. tsamuka, tsakura*,
sussuka or masu. tsamka*, tsungule, yin kwan-
pile, n. (heap) taru or ta7'o, pi. ta, muntsini.
tofirori. pinching, n. kwanta, tsainuki.
pile up, tr. V. tara^ tattdra^ pinnacle, kokuwa, kokowa.
n.
hdda, tula. pipe, tobacco-, n. tukunyar
piles, kiirya (K.), basur*. taba, lofin taba.
pilfer, V. sata, yin sata, sache, pistol, n. akotiya, algaxieriya.
see steal, pit, n. rame (S.), pi.
rami,
pilferer, n. mai-sata. ramuna ramu, ganwa;
or
pilgrim, n. hdji, hajji (S.), spec, a deep wide p. han-
pi. hajoji. garrria^, kwdri* ; p. for cook-
pilgrimage, n. haji ; to go on ing bread in tanda or tan-
the p. haji and taji haji, dem ', p. for storing corn
ziyarta. tsunjiya ; p. for game to fall

pill, n. chibiri* or chibri*. into hdko, pi. hdkoki, dra;

pillage, n. (booty) abi7i kwache. a cesspit saiga, pi. salgagi;
pillage, tr. v. kwache, e.g. he dye-p. marina, pi. marin-
conquered them, he pillaged nai.
their property ya chi su ya pitch, tr. V. 1. (to cast, throw)
|

k uache dukiyansu. jefa. \

I
Ditcher 175 plain

"2. spec, to p. a tent ka/a other was put in his p. an sa

'<ma (or laima). waniwurinsa; to takep.y^rz^^.
Ditcher, n. tulu, pi. tuluna^ place, nouns of, these are
f iiknnya, pi, hikwane, tukane formed by means of prefix
randa, pi. randuna a p. ; ma-, e.g. hiding p. maboya,
with a narrow mouth dan kitchen madafa, inn mashidi
. tozo. from boya, dafa, shida re-
oitfall, n. hako^ pi. hakoki. spectively.
Dity, n. tausai, tausayi, juyaye, place, tr. v. sa, sanya, kdfa,
sauna; to have or feel p. aje, which denotes also to
Ilin (or ji7i) tausai, jika ; p. aside, dora, aza or aza ma ;

what a p. ! abin tausayi, to p. on, e.g. he placed me

fazanko, tanzanko. on the camel ya dora ni bisa
3ity, tr. v., cf. prec. ga rakumi to p. on the ;

Dlace, n. wur% pi. wurare ; ground (e.g. a load) jibe,

Trtje, pi. wajeje, bigeri, bige, je/o*, kasa; to p. together
'>igi; (district, country) ^ari; (e.g. for the purpose of com-
an uninhabited p. ddwa; in parison) kwatanchi ; to give
circumlocution to supply the p. kau.
want of various special nouns placing, of a thing, participial
and adjectives, e.g. a p. to n. sawa; p. one thing upon
dee to (refuge) wUrin gudu another Hbiye.
so also gida, e.g. p. or abode plague, n. 1. (pestilential dis-
of pain gidaii azaba ; a secret ease) alloba, dawainiya, ran-
p. lolokin asiri ; in that p. gdza he caught the p.
;
'

nniririnan, a wurin nan, dag a turn by the p. caught him

'

nan, e.g. there are many alloba ta kam,a shi (or sam,e
hippopotami in that p. aktvai shi).
dorinnai dayawa daga nan 2. (an annoyance) alale,
in p. of (instead of), e.g. in wahala.
his place gii^rbinsa, bigerinsa, plague, tr. \. (to vex) wahalshe,
'i-ivrinsa ; the last also = at dawainiyas da see annoy, ;

his p., i.e. near him, with plain, n. fili, pi. Jilaye, sarari,
him; to give p. to, let him karkara, pi. karkarori or
take the p. of another shi karkaroni, kanga the battle
;

koma matsayin wani ; an- p. kangan fada.

plain 176 please

plain, adj. (of language simple ydba, ydbe, dampara, dam-

and open) a sdrdri. /ara; (of floors) niamari.
plait, tr. V. tubka, tufka, tupka, plastered, participial adj. ya-
tukka, tumka (S.), yin kitso. babbe, fem. yababba, pi. ya-
plaiting, sdka; p. of mats babbu.
sdkar zana; (of hair) doka, plastering, ydbe, pi. ydbe-ydhe.
kitso ] p. of hair in two lines plate, n. tangaram, tangaran ;

jaki; hasty p. of woman's a p. made of plaited grass

hair kumbuchi. taitai, pi. taitaye ; see dish.
plaits, coll. n. kaikainya, (of play, n. (the doing of any-
woman's hair) hijaji, buji- thing for amusement) tvargi,
buji, biji-biji. gyauga*, wa^a; hail to you
plan, n. (scheme, device) wayo, at your p. (salutation to
9cayau, dabara. persons at p.) sanunku da
plank, n. faskare, gunyume, wargi.
pi. gungumai, riirn/a, pi. play, V. (of sport, amusement)
ru7n/'iina, kange*. yhi wargi ;
(of music) yin
planks, to make into, v. yin wojsa, yin kidi \ the last

faskare. particularly applied to in-

plant, tr. V. 1. (to set or sow struments struck or beaten.

in the ground) shibka, shipka, player, on drum, n. makidi.
shuka, yin shibka, ddsa, dashi, playing, n. (of amusement)
dashe. wargi, gyauga* ;
(of music

2. (to set or place) sa, e.g. and especially drumming)

there was no place to p. our kida or kidi, molo, pi. mo-

footsteps babu wurin da mu luna.

sa matakai bisa. plaything, n. abin wargi:
plant, n., i.e. a cutting dasashe. spec. p. made from a seed pod
plantain, n. ayaba applied kachau-kachau ; see rattle.

both to tree and fruit, also pleasant, adj. mai-dadi, da

used to denote the banana. dadi.

planter, n. ma^iomi. please, tr. v. sa dadi, gama,

planting, of seeds, n. biso. gamshe, e.g. it pleases me yo

plants, small, coll. n. shibka, game ni or ya gamshe ni p. ;

shipka, shuka. (elliptical = if you ^.) mana

plaster, tr. \^ (of walls etc.) e.g. come here, p. zo mana

 ^leased 177 pod

p. (i.e. allow me) bari ; p. do headed p. or '

Niger bird ' or
yarje mana. 'crocodile bird' ladin kogi,
Dleased, to feel, intr. v. ji7i jakin gulbi (S.).
dadi. pluck, tr. V. chira, chire, chiro
Dleasure, n. (agreeable sensa- or tsira, tsire, tsiro, debe, dlba,
tion or emotion) dadi,ni'ima debo, tuge, tumhuke, zum-
(a gratification) abin dadi, buke (S.); (to p. fruit etc.)
((bin murna. tsinki, tsunke, tsinko, tslge,
)ledge, n. jingina, dangana ; ts'itsige; (to p., e.g. a fowl)
]). held for money owing ka- flge,/lgi, piga, tuza; top. out
nviiwa*. yin dono; plucked figagge,
i)ledge, tr. V. (to leave any- fem. figaggiya, pi. figaggu.
thing as a p.) jingina, tolma. plucking, n.figa.
ji'leiades, pr. n. tarsowa. plum, n., gingerbread
p. ga-
)lentiful, to be p. yalwata. wasa, gawasai, gawasuna
pi.
)lentifully, adv. tari, kain- and gawasoshi; hog, Spanish
n.ain*. or Jamaica p. tsadal lama-
)lenty, n. yawa, dayawa, kari, rudu a tree with plum-like
;

lari, tuli, bdro, dumbuje, danya, loda (S.).

fruit
Hialala, tinjini, e.g. p. of plunder, n. abin kwache.
words yawan magana or plunder, tr. v. kwache.
mag ana dayawa; p. to eat plunge, V. 1. tr. (to immerse)
zari, zwari, an chiya^. tsoma, nutse, nuche.
lliancy, rauni*. 2. intr. fadi, e.g. he leaped
"lot, n. wayo, wayau, to form plunging headlong into the
a p. gama. water ya tuma ya fadi ya
lot, v., to p. together darnra gangara chikin ruwa; see
dabdra. also dive,
lough, n., spec, a large hoe plural, n. (grammatical term)
bent back like a small p. jam'i*.
galma (S.), garma (K.). pneumonia, pleuro-p. of cattle
lough, to fuda, huda, ka/che, balagiro, malagiro (S.), aran-
kabche. gaza (K.).
lover, a kind of, n. kyare- pocket, n. aljifu, pi. aljifai
* kyare, zakaran yaki, zakaran or aljifuna.
^
assuba, dan raguwa; black- pod, n. (of nuts, etc.) kobsa^
R. H. D.
12
poem 178 pond

.
kwasfa, kopsa, kohso, kwanso ; porting p. of house; p. of

p. of the locust tree (dorowa)

tent tankari, kekimaka (S.);

sahdda, safada p. of guinea ])oles used in supporting a

;

corn tsirgagiya. tent coll. shikashiki, pi. shika-

poem, n. (in the sense of metri- shikai, cf. post; iron p. karko;

cal composition, song) waka. a p. in the middle of a hut

poet, n. mai-waka. shushuniya, shishiniya ; a p.

point, n. kokuwa*, tsini, ga- used for purposes of irrigation

ratse ;
points above or below lambu ; a p. carried across

letters wdsali. the shoulder from either end

point, out, tr. V. nuna or nuni, of which a load is suspended
gwada, gaya. taula.
pointed, adj. da tsini. policeman, dan sanda, dogari;
poison, n. ddfi a p. given in ; the office of a p. dogarchi;
food sammu, kwarche in- ; the chief of the police ma-
gredients used in making kama.
poisons used for smearing polish, tr. V. gogi or goge,
arrows uwal ddfi, zabgai*, chudanya.
yabi, kwankwani (Strophan- pollute, tr. V. yin haram^
thus hispidus), taramniya* kazamta, kazamtad da.
(Combretum), kokiya (Strych- polluted, Sidj. janaba, kazami.
nos spinosa), sanya or uwar pollution, n. 1. gen. kazamta,
magunguna{^ec\XY\da,cfi longi- kazanta, janaba, jaraba,
pedunculata), tururuhi (La- jaHra.
siosyphon krausii), zahon 2. (religious or ceremonial

ddfi a p. used for destroying

; uncleanness) haram, abin ha
mice madat, madcis. ram.
poison, to gubantaj sammache. game of wasan kwdlo*.
polo, the
poisoned, participial adj. da pomegranate, n. ruman, ruma-
dafi. niya, pi. rumanina, rumanai
poke, to p. with a stick zun- pommel, n. (of a saddle) ; see

gura, zungau. peak,

poking, e.g. with the elbow pommel, tr. v. (to beat) buga.
gobsOf gwah'e. bubbuga, see beat,
pole, n. gimchiki, gimshiki, pomp, n. sitira or sutura.

esp. used of the middle sup- pond, n. a large stagnant p

m
 [ony 179 post

bmgij gaji, kududduji, ku- raherabe, kashi, kashe ; a p.

duddifi^ dankam, tabki, tafki, (when one of two or more
tapki, see pool, portions) shashi or sashi*,
^ony, n. kuru and doki kurti, sashe (S.),fasali, see piece,
dukushi, fern, dukusa. possess, tr. v., this idea is ex-
ool, n. tahki, tapki or tafki, pressed : 1. by the prono-
fi, rafuna or ra-
gaji, pi. minal forms ending in 7ia
fadama, korama,
ffuka, with da, e.g. I possess much
'lankam, tauga, see pond. money ina da kurdi dayawa.
oor, adj. talaka (K.), talakka 2.hy ke with da, e.g. all the
'
(S.), pi. talakkawa; Tiiakas- property that you p. dukiya
k-achi, pi. makaskasta ; to be duka da ku ke da shi (or ita).
}). talauta, tsiyache. 3. by the prep, ga or with
oor person, a, n. talaka, mai- pronouns gave (is to or be-
tidaka, matalauchi, mai-tsiya, longs
to), e.g. he possesses no
iiiatsiyachi, gyande, fera. money babu kurdi gare shi.
ijyandiya, pi. gyandaye, possessed, e.g. with evil spirit,
<l
iiulau, tagajafi. pi. masu-bori, masu-boli.
opping, into a hole kudus. possession, n. 1. abstr., e.g. to
oppy? yellow Mexican p. gain p. of a kingdom chin
kwarko. sarauta.
torch, n. shigifa, pi. shigifu concr.
2. pi. possessions
1 and shigi/oji; spec, a small dukiya, tarkache.
•
p. sJdrayi ; a p. with double possessor, n. mai-abu con-
'
entrance zaure, pi. zauruka, nective mai-abin, mai-chi
I
zaurukka. the idea is often expressed
orcupine, n. beguwa, makaya by the prefix mai-, e.g. the
(lit. thorny), makibiya (lit. p. of a farm or a boat, mai-
possessor of arrows). gona, mai-jirigi ; the p. of a
orridge, far a; n. spec. p. of horse mai-doki.
'
guinea-corn and rice surki possible, yuwuwa, yiyuwa.
p. of beans, guinea-corn or possibly, adv., see perhaps,
I (in N. Africa) macaroni post, n. (of door) kwabrin kofa,
wasawasa. kwilkin kofa, shishike (S.),
orter, n., see carrier, shishiniya (S.), shushuniya
ortion, n. rabo or rabu, pi. (K.); a p. for tethering
12—2
posterior 180 poui

horses turke, tuhe\ a p. for masu-tukunya, mai-tukane,

supporting roof jlgo^ pi. m,ai-yu7nbu*, magini.
jiguna. pouch, n. tumbi, pi. tumbuna;
posterior, adj. (both of time a sort of leathern p. zabira ;

and space) haya, na-haya, a p. or crop of a bird maroro,

fern, ta-haya^ e.g. the p. malolo.
limbs gahobin hay a or gabobi poultry, n. kaji, pi. of kdza fowl.
na-baya ; the hinder part of pounce, n. su7'a.
an animal kuturi. pounce, to kawo sura.
post-haste, zuwan inanzo, pound, n. (of 12 ounces) rotd,
postpone, tr. v. fasa^ jinkirta, pi. ratalai*.
see delay. pound, tr. v. ddka, dandaka,

postponement, ko-ta-kwa7ta. dandaki, daddaka, rarratse,

postponing, particip. n. fasor kirba, kirbe (without object),
tva. ribde, rifde, rubde ; a woman
pot, n. (of earth or iron) tu- who pounds corn mai-koda.
kunya, pi. tukane or tukwane ; mai-kodiya.
a metal p. karife or karipe ;
pounded, p. flour ribdijruhvdi
a large earthen p. with a pounding, n. (e.g. of yams'
narrow mouth randa, pi. kirbi, rubudi ; the action oi

randuna^ kwatarni (S.), kwa- a woman p. in a mortal

tarniya (K.) ; a large earthen lugude ; the sound of p,

p. used as oven tmida or tan- rupkarupki.

dem ; a water p. tulu^ pi. pour, V. tr. and intr. (also tc
tuluna. pour out, down, off, away,
potash, broken p. tsaha^e (S.) ; etc.) zuba, zube, zubo; tr. onlj
a kind of hard p. takarna, zitbas, zubas da, zubad do

tafarna. and zuhda, zubshe (Zanf.)

potato, sweet (i.e. Ipomoea dole, tushe, bulbula, bungula
batatas), n. dankdli ; various tar/a; I poured out ever}
species are : kudaku, lawur drop of it na zubas da sk
(S.) ; Kaffir p. rizga. babu kingi intr. only zubu
;

potent, adj. isheshe, fem. isha- e.g. the rain is pouring oi

shiya, pi. isassu ; see power- pours down ruwa ya zubu

ful. to p. water in a jet zurara
potter, n. mai-tukunya, pi. to p. out (or scatter) tsiyayi
 poured 181 pray

to p. out grain so that chaff practice, n. sabo, e.g. no work

may blow away shika ; to p. in the world can be accom-
over (to overflow), intr. tuda plished except by p. aikin
or tude, tr. tudas da. duniya duka sai sabo (cus- ;

boured, to be p. out like wheat tomary procedure) ada, tada,

I through a sieve or like aVada.
water, intr. v. tarara. practised, be, intr. v. saha,
pouring, zubi, zubawa. e.g. I am p. in this na saba
pout the lips at, to, v. (in de- da wannan.
'
rision) zunde and yin zunde. praise, n. ydbo^ kirari, the last
Doverty, n. talauchi^ talau- also=self-p. ; praisingGod)
(of
cJiiya^ tsiya. shukra ; self-p. ydbon kai.
Dowder, n. (gunpowder) al- praise, tr. v. ydba, shukra; yin
harus or alharud. ydbo and yiyi kirari ; also ex-
'powder, tr. v. (to reduce to pressed by nouns of prec.
'

p.) daddaya. with the present forms in na,

DOwer, n. 1. (faculty of doing e.g. I praise thee ina yabonka.

or causing anything) iko, pi. praised, particip. adj. yababbe,

'koki, yi; by the power of fern, yababba, pi. yababbu.
i^od da yin Allah. prattling, n. rawatsa.
2. (bodily or material pray, tr. v. (whether of prayers
-trength) karifi. to God or requests to men)
3. (political or social p., roka, yin roko ; construed
.luthority, influence) hakimi, with an ace. of the person
'hiula. or with ga (before pronouns
\. (surpassing p., excel- gave) ;
the thing asked is
lence) flko. expressed either by the ace,
powerful, adj. 1. gen. isashe, e.g. I p. our Lord for that
isheshe, fern, ishashiya, pi. which I seek and for my
/'sassu, mai-iko. needs ubangijinmu ni ke
2. (cf. prec. 2) mai-kariji, roko ko7ni ni ke bida da
pi. masu-karifi^ e.g. a p. man bukatata or by a dependent
iniUum mai-karifi. clause, e.g. we p. to the Lord
3. spec, applied to God that we may obtain provision
t kadiri, see mighty, strong, for our journey from the
powerfully, adv. da karifi. heathen mu roki ubangiji
prayer 182 present

mu yi guzuri da asna ; intr. gwama^he, e.g. we p. mutton

V. in a religious sense only to beef mun Ji so naman
yin addvCa^ yin salla, yin rago ya Ji naman skanu;
zikiri ; to p. for a person I p. this to that 7ia Ji so

sallashe*. wannan da wanchan.

prayer, n. addu'a, salla, salati, preferable, to be, intr. v., see

zikiri*; call to p. about 4 p.m. better, 1.

.^ azuhur (S.), azahar (K.) preference, fin so.

the man who calls to p. ladan, pregnancy, kunlka.

laddnij makiran salla, wa- pregnant, adj. da chiki ; she is

zinu, wazanu (S.); a leader p. ta chi wake to be ; p. yin

in p. limam, liman, pi. li- juna biyu.
mami; prayers said by a preparation, n. shiri, shirya,

mallam at a funeral al/atiya tdtali, tdnadi (S.), jajibir,

time of p. about 10 a.m. jajibera, in a religious sense,

walaha; the four attitudes day of p., i.e. day before
e.g.

(Moslem) for prayer are any feast ranan jajibir.

(1) standing up and looking prepare, tr. v. gen. gyara, e.g.
towards Mecca kama, (2) rais- to p. a way gyara hanya,
ing the hands and calling upon gyarta; shiriya and yin
Allah rdka, rdka'a, (3) bend- shiri; used in the intensive
ing down with hands on knees form = p. diligently shish-

rukxCu, (4) prostration sa/rt€i?a. shiriya; exclam. phr. p. ! ka

prayer-beads, (a flower) idon watane.
zakara. prepared, particip. form shiri-

prays, one who, n. mai-salati. yayye, fern, shiriyayya, pi.

preach, v. yin wa^azi* and shiriyayyu.

tva^azu. present, n. kyauta, e.g. I made
preaching, n. wa^azi, wa'-azii ; him a p. na yi masa kyauta,
p. in mosque after prayers abin gaisuwa, tsaraba*, kai-
hutsuba (S.), huduha (K.). wa; the last especially of a
precious, adj. (costly) da tsada. p. made to a king ; spec, a
precipitous, a p. rock mikakken fee paid for bringing a p.

dutsi. tuktvichi, tukuichi; a wife's

precisely, rah, see exactly. marriage presents to bride-
prefer, tr. v. Ji so, yin Jin so, groom gdra ; a p. made to a
 presently 183 price

, person on his arrival sauka ;

pretence, riya, sane.
a first p. as a token that a pretend, v. maida kansa, riya.
larger one is to follow ga- prettiness, sha^awa (K.), sha-
rawa (K.) ; a p. sent by the tva (S.).
bridegroom to the bride pretty, he is p. shina da ma-
several days before the wed- gdna.
ding lefe ; a p. given by a prevail over, v. rinjayi or
man when he sends for his rinjaya ; also expressed by
wife taskira ; a p. by a bride- means of Ji, e.g. I prevailed
groom toshi. over the man na rinjaya
presently, adv. (soon after the ynutum or na Ji mutum da
present time) yanzu yanzu; karifi or raiUum na ji kari-
(immediately) nan da nan. Jinsa.
ipreserve, tr. v. kiyaye, ki- prevent, tr. v. hayia, tankwasa,
yada (S.), kiyas da (K.), dakile, tare* ; to p. a person's
'
kiyashe; in a looser sense leaving hume, e.g. I prevented
tsira, rayad da. his leaving na hume shi.

president of the market, n. previous, adj. 7ia-fari, fem.

I

sarikin kasuwa. torfari; (of time long p.) na

press, tr. v. taushe (S.), tausa da, e.g. p. time or age lokor
''K.), mana, mani, matse, chin da ; men of p. ages
iiatsa, ddna^ dcine, danfara^ mutane na da or 7uutanen da.
dankara \ to p. down tawa- previously, adv. da fari, e.g.
ya or taitwi, chdchdka, chusa, why did you not tell me this
chushe, kimshe ; to p. a trigger p. ? domi ha ka fadi ma ni
(lane ; the trigger was pressed nan da fari ?
an dana kunama. prey, n. 1., see booty.
pressed, particip. adj. tau- 2. (food of an animal of
sashe, fern, tausashiya, pi.
p.) nama, e.g. the lion catches
t tausassu. deer, that is his p. zaki ya
presser, n. mataushi instr. kam,a hareyi ya chi su na-
found, e.g. in mataushin kofa mansa ke nan.
a piece of wood to keep a price, n. kurdi, an taya, kima,
door closed, mataushin wa- tam,ani*, sdllartia, haki*, e.g.
{ tika signet. what is its 1 kurdinsa
i pressing, particip. n. taushewa. nawal ovnawa an tayal name
prick 184 profit

its p. ha shi suna to tix a ; jire ; spec, a royal p. hanga

.
p. for kawamata, e.g. let their banga.
goods be gathered together proclaim, v. 1. to make an
and their p. fixed a gangama official announcement or
dukiyansu a kawamata a ; order yin shela, yin yekuwa.
reduction in ip.gwanjo ; to fall 2. to announce or publish
in p. yin goino (or gwano). labarta, habarta*.
prick, tr. V. soka, soke or soki, 3. spec, to p. the end of
tsokana ; to p. much (intens.) the fast yin ganganiin azumi.
proclamation, n. 1. (an official
prickle, n. (on grass, etc.) public announcement or
kaya, kayayuwa.
pi. order) shela, doka, doki, ka-
pride, foma, homa, tama,
n. liye, yekuwa.
tamanya, girman ka% buki, 2. (deliverance of religious
tashin kai, gatsina (K.), fa- or moral instruction) wa^azi,
din zuchiya, fadin rai, giiri, wa^azu.
fahari or fahri, e.g. leave off procrastinate, v., see delay.
p. ku bar fahari. procure, tr. v. same, samo and
pride of India, (flower) kur- samu.
nan nasara. procuress, kaivaliya, kalwa-
priest, liman*. liya (S.).
prince, n. amiru* ;
(son of a prodigy, kardma, see wonder.
king) maina*, dan sariki ; produce, n. diya, yaya.
princes sarakuna. produce, tr. v., to p. young or
prison, n. kurkuku, kililu, fruit haife ; to p. evidence
kilulu, sadaka, salka, sarka, kai (or kawo) shaida.
dakin dufu, wurin azdba, profanely, to act, v., e.g. he
gidan kwaliba* chief of a p.; acted p. ya yi swabon Allah.
bakurme (K.), bango (K.) profession, n. (of an art or
p. bay are
officer (S.), yari, craft) gwani', the termina-
pi. yarawa. tion -chi is often used to
prisoner, kamamme, dan sa- denote a person's p., e.g. the
daka. p. of a boka = bokanGhi, the
privet, Egyptian p. lalle. p. of a malam — malamchi.
probe, to kure. profit, n. (both lawful and un-
procession, n. jera, jeffe or lawful) kura, Hba, moriya;
 profitable
185
proper
unlawful p. haramiya; to by dade alone
make a p. chin riba, mori a in personal
; constr., e.g. I prolonged my
man who sells a second time
stay in Tripoli to four
at a p. mai-mri; men who months
na dade ga Tarabulus
make unlawful wata
p. 7nasu-riba fuciu.
da kura; to p. by anfdni, promenade, intr. v. yawo, yin
(lufdne.
yawo.
iprofitable, to be, v. yin moriya. promise, n. alkdwali,alkdwari,
WO^ig^cy, karma, karuwanchi.
wa'adi', to make a
profligate, n, a p. yin
p. ashege, alkawali; to break a
Jarka-, a p. sdki
p. msinfdsiki, pi. and warwari alkawali;
^asikai, dan karma, mai-yin to
keep a p. chika alkawali,
'na, mai-zina, mai-nema
chika maga7ia, kama ma-
a p. woma.n fasika, karuwa.
gana ; a p. to pay waka.
profligate, adj. shege- to be promise,
ym zina. v. yin baki daya,
p.
yin magana ciaya.
prohibit, to hdna.
prone, (on the back) a rigin-
prohibited, a p. place bataka, gini.
hnrumi*: it was an yi
p. pronounce, v. (to declare
openly or positively),
prohibition see
is expressed
by declare,
kada, also by kada
I
dai, e.g. pronimciation,
do not hinder them n. hahhe, har-
kada ka she, pi.hahhina or halusm.
hana su or kak ka hana
su
'

proof, n. shaida; to
prohibition, adduce p.
n. hani, doka^, kai or kawo shaida
kashedi, kasheji (S.). p. (e.g. ;
from the Koran) in
project, to gota;
support of
(e.g. of a conduct or statement
dalili.
single man in a row) saba, prop, n. mcidogara,
zaba, billo^ bulo, makari,
bullo. tankari ; see bar.
prolong, tr. and intr. v. dadi, prop, to, V. dogare, tankare.
dade, tsaivo, wanzu, eg propagate, tr. v. (to
may God p. your life Allah
have
young) haife, haife diya,
shi clack da ranka; impers propel, tr. v., e.g. a canoe tun-
we prolonged our
stay here kucia.
^un zamna nan ya
dade; proper, adj. na-kwarai,
the last idea can fern.
be expr ta-kwarai, halal, hcdas, sosai
properly 186 proudly

daidai ; that which is p. shall not be p. ba a yi masa

sawaha. arziki ba.
properly, adv. kwarai, daidai^ prostitute, n. karuwa, kwar-
tcmiaUj sosai, hajau. tuiva (fem. of kwarto), falka,
property, n. (goods, riches) farka, mai-nema.
dukiya, pi. dukoki and duki- prostrate oneself, to, v. yin
yoy% jdli, mallaka,, tarkache ; aji, kafa goshi, gurfana and
a man of p. mai-dukiya, yin gurfani ;
{pi prostration
mai-ctbin dukiya, mutum da in worship) yin sujada, also
dnkiya dayawa, mai-wadachi with na, e.g. follow after
and raai-wadata. God, p. yourselves before
prophecy, n. annabanchi, an- Him ku bi Allah kuna sijir

- nabchi^ wcdiyanchi. jada.

prophesy, v. yin annabanchi. prostrate, to be, v. rubda (or

prophet, n. annabi, pi. anna- rufda) chiki, yin ciji.

bawa tlie office of

; a p. prostration, n. (i.e. in prayer)

annabanchi. raka.
proprietor, n. gen. (owner) protect, tr. V. tsdra, tsdri,

mai-ahu, conn. 7nai-abin, mai- fmre, tsdro, batdka.

chi; (hoxxse. owner) ubangiji; protection, n. lamuni*, kd-
under inai.
see riya* he has the king's p.
;

propriety, n. halalchi*. ya shiga rigar sariki.

prosper, v. 1. tr. ba (or hada) protector, n. (defender) mai-
arziki, e.g. may God p. you taimako.
Allah shi ba ku arziki. protopterus, n. (mud-fish) ^ai-
2. intr., see prosperous. wa ; the noise made by the
prosperity, n. arziki, abki, p. chiivuki.

afki, auk% katari, katarta*, protrude, to zazzale.

yalwata, bijinta, alkariya, protruding, e.g. of an eye
gata, gatanchi ; he has en- after a blow zazzalo.
joyed p. ya sha ruwa; he proud, adj. mai-girman kai, pi.
has enjoyed p. in this world masu-girman kai, da girman
ya sha duniya. kai, mai-girima, mai-foma,
prosperous, adj. da arziki, tnai-homa.
mai-arziki, mai-katarta ; he proudly, adv. da girman kai;
is p. ya yi bijinta; he to speak p. yi7i raha ; to
p
prove 187 pull

f\
walk p. takcvma ; one who prudent, adj. mai-hankali, pi.

walks p. mai-takama. tnasu-hankali ; to be p. shxga

prove, tr. V. (toestablish the hankalij hankalta.
truth of anything) gashata prudently, adv. da hankali.
or ijaskanta ;
(to evidence by Psalms, n. zabura*.
testimony of any kind) kai puberty, one who has reached,
(or kawo) shaida ; (by ex- n. balagagge, pi. balagaggu ;

position or argument) gay a, children approaching the age

iiuna or nuni. of p. banawa; a boy ap-
proved, particip. (attested, proaching p. matashin balaga',
certified) shaidadde, fem. a girl approaching p. mata-
[i shaidadda, pi. shaidaddu. shiyar balaga ; the age of p.
proverb, karin magana^ sara. lokachin balaga.
provided that, this conj. is puberty, to reach, intr. v. ba-

i;
expressed by adding em- laga.
i

I
phatic particles da% fa to m, publish, tr. v. (i.e. to p. a

idan, e.g. in dai, idan/a. thing or news of a thing)

provision, n. provisions for a labarta, habarta^.
journey guzuri to make or ; pudenda, n. aVaura*, matu-
obtain gin guzuri ; fig, of
p. chi fem.
\h for the next world, e.g. puerility, n. halin yaro.
t-epent, seek p. for the way puif-adder, kasa.
that thou mayest prepare to puggaree, a red. p. jan tunka.
make a journey ka tuba ka pull, tr. V. ja, jaka ; to p. out
ij nemi guzuri don ka shiriya chira, chire, fitas da, fusge,
yinin tafiya. fizge or fisge, tabe, tabi, sa-
provoke, tr. harzuka ga,
v. katta, sakache, tuge, zara, zare,
hasdla ga, haye* ; I was zari, e.g. he pulled a
zaro,
i
provoked at this saying na pistol out of his pocket ya
jifushi da Tnaganan nan. fitas da akotiya daga alji-
prowl, to p. round zdga, zazzaga. funsa; to p. out (as a hair,
proximity, see nearness, grains from a stalk) tsefe, (as
proximo, adv. (e.g. next roots) tona or tone, tumbuke ;
month) ivatan gobe. p. out the grass a tumbuke
prudence, n. hankali, fahimi chiyawa to p. towards one-
;

\ basira. self jawo to p. in towards

;
pulley 188 purity

oneself miko ; to p. up a 2. p. of the eye ijiya, ijiyar

horse zami, zame ; p. up ido, rnatsokachin ido.
here zami nana.
!
P^PPy, n., see pup.
pulley, on a Hausa loom purchase, tr. v., see buy.
on which the peddles work pure, adj. 1. (in a material
chikalkora ; see under weav- sense) tsari, tsalka or tsa-

ing. tsalka, da tsalki, tsatsarka,

pulse, daldal. e.g. p. wheat, i.e. clean, in
pumping beam, n. kutara^. good condition alkama tsari,

pumpkin, n., names of different (of metals = unalloyed) saji

species are : large garden p. or safe, e.g. p. silver azurfa

(Cucurbitapepo) A;a5ewa(K.), saji — azurfa bahu haHnchi;
kuhewa (S.), goji (Z.) a ;
(— simply) tsdba and tsala,
smaller p., used in making kuna, e.g. p. and simple
soup miya; a white p. not cowries, i.e. nothing but
eaten, used for making water- cowries tsdban kurdi ; noth-
pots dmna, masc. pi. dumai- ing but water kuna ruwa.
mai or dumaye, 2. (in a ceremonial or
punch, to Jidda naushi. moral sense) tsari, ckari, da
punctuation, signs oUfdri. tsarki, da tsabta, halal, halas;
punish, tr. V. fallasa, pallasa p.water ruwa da karari to ;

or pallashe, foro^ yin tvahala^ be p. yin tsabta, tsalkaka,

yinforo. tsarkaka.
punishment, n. fallasa or j^cd- purgative medicine, n. ma-
lasa, azdba, foro ; a legal p. ganin zawo, maganin gudun-
ukuba (S.). daji; purging nut binidazugu.
pup, n. kwikuyo, kwikwiyo, purge, to kawashe.
kuyikuyu, pi. kuyikuyai, fol- purification, n. esp. ceremonial
lowed by kare. p. tsalka or tsatsalka, lullo;
pupil, dan
n. 1. (a school-boy) p. of a woman after the birth
rtiakaranta, pi. yan maka- of a child blki.
ranta, yaron (pi. yaran) ma- purify, tr. v. tsarkake, char-
karanta (of adults and spec,
; kake.
those of a religious teacher, purity, n. tsarki, tsalki (S.),

i.e. disciples) almajiri, fem. tsabta^ tsapta, tsauta, halal-

almajira, pi. almajirai. chi, karari.
 purloin 189 quarrel
purloin, tr. v., see steal. puzzle, n. zauranche, see rid-
purple, shuni. dle,
purpose, n. gmiganchi, hayyi- puzzle, tr. v., see perplex,
zari, hanzari.
pyramid, see cone,
purpose, on, adv. da gcmgan
; python, n. mesa, tnulwa*.
to no p. hanna.
purring, e.g. of eat or hyena
quack, n. (a pretender to
gurnani.
medical science) hoka, pi.
purslane, /am kaha ; horse
p. bokaye.
gadon machiji.
quackery, n. bokanchi ; cf.
pursue, tr. v. (as in war)
prec.
farfaro or faffaro ; he pur- quake, intr. v., see tremble.
sued his way ya kama qualm, n. 1. (a feeling of
I
hanya,
nausea) kumallo.
push, tr. V. tuka, iza, ije, ^. (a conscientious scruple
mrmuka, tura, turi, ture, or hesitation) kumya.
zu7igura, dam/are, the last of
quantity, n. (an amount of
pushing so as to cause one to
^
anything) mashasha, afki,
stumble to p. towards one-
;
sunmm, tsibi ; a large q.
self ture ; to p. aside tunkuda,
gugu, gugi, e.g. a large
hankada, bankade, kide ; to q. of
sand gugin rairai, jibgi, the
p.into water gangante push-
; last esp. of food ; taro, taru,
ing with the knee gUla.
yawa, yawanchi, also dayawa,
pushing, turo.
e.g. his discourse was
noth-
pustule, n. (boil) kurji, pi. ing but a great q. of words
kuraje, kureje, kuraraji.
wa'azinsa saiyawan mag ana;
put, tr. V. sa, sanya, aje ; to see much; a small q. ka-
put one thing on another dza
ranchi.
or aza ma; to
p. aside (to quarrel, n.fusuma, jaya, ja-
cease from) sa, e.g. let
us p. y^iyya, husuma, tsalmi, see
aside quarrelling mu sa
kan- seq.
kanchi (to lay up) aje; to
p. quarrel, intr. v. yin jaya, kan-
away kauda, kawas ; to
p. on kani, yin kankanchi ; to
(of clothes, q.
etc.) sa; to p. with yin kankanchi da, in
together tara to p. down
;
a the sense of to
load jMe. maintain
opposite opinions gardama
quarrelling 190 quite

with the forms in na or with quick, adj. 1. (rapid, im.

yi ;
fada (lit. to fight) is also mediate) sauki, da sauri; a
used. q. death (or a sudden death)
quarrelling, kankanchi, sdba. saukin mutuwa.
quarrelsome, sidj./utsu, hutsu, 2. (alive) da rai.
mafadachi, mai-ijiat yaki ; he quickly, adv. (at once, with
is q. ya tarikafada. the least delay) da sauki, da
quarter, n. 1. (a fourth part) sauri, nan da nan ;
(at a
ruhu^i*. rapid rate) mdza, ribta,rupta,
2. (a division in a town) garr, kldis, kudis, samli,
shiya, pi. shiyoyi, unguwa, rugu* ; very q, maza maza
pi. unguwai and (in Sokoto) contr. malmdza, e.g. he is
ungunni cf seq. ; . counting the cowries very q.
quarters, n. (place of stay, ya7ia kilgan alkawara mdza
lodging) masabki, mazamniy mdza; to go q. (lit. to blow
also loosely wuri. a hole through the ground)
quash, tr. v. (to make void) fura kasa.
wofinta. quicksilver, n. zaiba.
queen, n. 1. (a female sovereign) quiet, adj. (implying cessation
sarkanya. from speech or cries) da
2. (a king's wife) sarauniya, kawaif jurum ; to be q. yin
matan sariki. shiru (or shu7'u), yin kawai,
quench, tr. v. (to put out a kawaita, ruma (S.), yin ku-
light or fire) ku/uli* ;
pass. rum ;
(of disposition) lalafa
to be quenched (to go out) cf. seq. ; keep q. kam,e bakinka.
mutu, e.g. the fire is quenched quietness, n. kawai ;
(of dis-
tvuta ta mutu. position) lalafanchi.
query, n., cf. seq. quit, V. (to leave or abandon)
question, n. tambaya, binchike, bari or bar, e.g. q. this cus-

mcts'ala*. tom ku bari tadan nan; of

question, v. tambaya, yin a path sau.
tambaya, yin binchike, tan- quite, adv. 1. (wholly, nothing
tambaya. but) sai which is either

questioning, n. (discussion applied to the entire clause,

about something doubtful) e.g. if he refuses this you
kokanto, binchike, binchiki. may call him quite a coward
 imver 191 ram
in ya ki nan sai ha kira- radiant, adj. (emitting light)
wo shi matsorata, lit. jou may mai-haske, masu-haske,pi.
quite call him a coward, or, as rafter, used in roofs dzara
n.,
;

in Engl., applied to a par- see reed.

ticular term, e.g. his face was rag, n. (in the sense of a small
q. h\oody fuskassa saijini ; he piece of any stuff) da, e.g. a
is not q. dead ha ya ida mu- cloth r. da7i zane, dan barki,
tuwa ; so in the very common dan yanki ; see rags.
expression sai lajiya quite rage, u.fushi.
well. rage, intr. v. haukache,
yin
2. (less precisely = very J'ushi, jinfushi angry.
; see
much, indeed, truly) dayaiva, rags, n. coll. ragga, pi. rdgguna,
kwarai, e.g. we are q. pleased tsumma, pi. tsummokarai^
muna jin dadi dayawa ; I tsummoki, keso*, chuna*
was q. frightened na ji tsoro singulars of both are used
P dayawa ; I q. understand naji as collectives, old r. chuku-
sdrai ; adv. phr. quite so ashe, chuku ; trop. (in the sense of
da gaskiya, ya yi haka. old or tattered clothes) rdga,
luiver, n. kwari, kwarin ki- ragga, pi. raggogi (S.), tsimi-
hiya, gidan kihiya. ma; clothed in r., sid}./unfu
luiver, intr. v., see shake, or da funtu.
tremble. raid, n. sati, esp. a surprise
slave by horsemen hdri
r.
;

•abble, n. (low class of men, raiding of a town bdsdsa.

the mob) taro hanza. raider, (i.e. slave-raider) ma-
*abid, adj. mahaukachi, e.g. a lidri, pi. mahara.
r. dog mahaukachin kare ; see rain, n. rutva, pi. ruwaye,
mad. ruwan hisa, ruwan sama
'ace, n. 1. (ancestral stock) spec, gentle r. yayya/a, yin^
il'^ali^ asali. yifi;a cloud which threatens,
2. (a particular breed of or produces rain zirnaniya
men or animals) iri, pi. irare. heavy or lasting r. malka
3. (a running in contest of (S.), marka (K.), mako, ma-
men or horses) tsere, tseray- mako, pashi, tagutva light ;

ija. tsatsafa; the night

r. has
;addish, a kind oifijir. been passed in the r.. an
ram 192 ransoi

kwari da ruwa the r. pours ; hausa; (to lift or pick u

down ruwa ya zuba in ; anything) dauka contr. dm
the r. da ruwa; a r. cloud do.
jitau. raisin, zabibi*.
rain, v. 1. impers., it rains ana rake, n., with two pron^
ruwa and yana ruwa ; it mashari.
rained an yi ruwa; to r. rake, tr. v., spec, to r. togethe
heavily or long yin taguwa, cinders or embers of a fir
yin malka, sarafa* the ; r. aza (or hasa) wuta; I r. u
stopped aka dauke ruwa ; it is cowries towards me na ton
raining slightly ana yayyafa. kurdi.
2. used in a fig. sense to ram, n. pi. raguna, bun
rago,
cast or shower down like r. sum, bunsurai or bun
pi.

turn by means of a com- suraye; spec, a large Bor

parison common in Hausa nuese r. dradra ; a red an(
kaman ruwa^ e.g. our guns white r. kargo ; a long-earec
r. bullets on the enemy r. uda.
hindigoginmu sun jefa da Ramadan, n. (the moham.
harsashe a bisa ahokan-gaha medan fast month) watar.^
kaman ruwa; he speaks azumi.
fluently ya yi ma^ana ka- ramble, intr. v. (to wanderj
man ruwa^ lit. he speaks about) yin yawo.
like r. rambling, n. yauwa.
rainbow, masha-ruwa^ ma-
n. rampart, n. ganuwa.
shan-ruwa, bakan gizo, ba- ramrod, n. tsatsagawa, dkit-
kan Allah ; the spirit of the washi.
r. gajimare. rancid, to be or become, intr.

rain-drop, n. tarfi*. V. ruba.

rainy, adj., see rain; r. season range, n. (of hills) kuduniya.
dam,dna or damuna^ cf rani . range, tr. v. (to dispose in

a break during the r. season regular order) daidaita.

fari. rank, (i.e. line) jeri, pi. jerori,

raise, tr. v. (to make or cause to form r. jera.

to rise, also to set up) tada, ransom, n. pan8a,/an8a, hansa;
tayojij taya^ da^ tashe^ tdsdd or r. paid for a captured
da, hankada, hau da, hauski, slave gumki, kurdin turu
 msom 193 ready

money paid to set a slave ray, of sun giraza, girazal

free kurdin kariya tttru. rana.
ajisom, tr. V. panshey panshi, raze, to, a town, baji, baje.
fanshe, e.g. pass, let him be razor, n. aska, pi. asake or
ransomed a fanshe shi. askake.
isomer, n. ag. mai-fansa. reach, v. 1. tr. (to extend, or
ansoming, n. pansawa^ fan- hold out) mika, e.g. I reached
saiva. my hand to him na mika
ipid, adj., see quick. niasa hannu.
usp, n., see file. 2. intr. (to arrive at) isa,
asp, tr. V. gogi or goge. i^he, iske, kai, e.g. the boys
a-t. n. damhariya, hera or bira swam and reached the land
(K.), kusu (S.); large palm yara sun yi iyo sun kai
r. (cane r. or ground r.) kasa.
(/gttbji, gyauji, or kusun 3. (to overtake) tar as.
kyamro ; large Gambian r. 4. trop. (to be sufficient as
hnrgu, fem. gajiya ; the stink- in Engl, 'the money will r.

ing r. or shrew ja6«. so far ') iya, isa, ishe, kai,

ittle,a chdki; a pod used e.g. it wont r. (it is insuffi-
by children as a r. baran- cient) ba shi kai.
chaki, kachokacho. read, tr. v. kardtu, yin kardtu,
.ittle, to yin chdki. karanta; to r. through shide;
ive, haukache and
intr. v. to r. a second time tUsa ka-
hauka^ see raving. ranta.
ivening, n. zowari, zwari. readiness, n. shiriya.
ivenous, to be kwaraka. reading, n. karatu, bita.
ivine, n. kanga-, a r. with ready, participial adj. (pre-
water in it kogi, pi. ko- pared or in readiness) shiri-
guna or kogai, korama ; a yayye, fem. shiriyayya, pi.
waterless r. kwazazzabo, shiriyayyu; r. money hannu
kwdri. da hannu ; cf. seq.
LVing, adj. mai-hauka, mai- ready, to make, v. 1. (in a
(
haukachi ; to become r. yin general sense but also very
raurawa ; see mad. commonly of preparation for
^W, adj. dcmye, danyi, pi. an expedition, journey etc.)
; danyoyi. yin shiri, shiriya, e.g. a
R. H. D.
13
real 194 rebellioui

prudent man would prepare interrogatives or expressions

for to-morrow's journey to- of surprise) ashe, ai, ainin.
day don tafiyar gohe mutum any a, e.g. r.? or r. ! ashe.

mai-hankali shi kan yi shirin realm, n. sarauta, mulki*, zati

yau we have a journey
; reanimate, tr. v. (to recall to
before us which cannot be life) 7'aya.

put whether you are

aside, reap, tr. v. girba, girbi, yauka,
prepared or unprepared muna yanke, yin sdra.
da tajiya hafasawa in ka yi reaped, e.g. r. corn sankache,
shiri da izan ba a shiriya ha jene.
so also gyara, e.g. to make r. reaper, n. mai-girbi.

a way or a load yyara hanya reason, 1. (cause) sabdbi, kibu

or kaya to make r. (by
; (S.), sabili, sanadi.
mending or by putting to 2. (a r. given as an excuse)
rights and in order generally) huja onfuja.
gyarta. 3. (authority from Koran
real, adj. na gaskiya, da gas- etc. or origin of a myth,
kiya, also gaskiya and gaske story etc.) dallli.
added to the term to be thus 4. (the intelligent faculty}
qualified ; of persons mai- see ability ; adverbial
gaskiya^ e.g. he is a r. friend phrases, for this r. domin
shi ne aboki mai-gaskiya, haka, don haka, for that r.

which may also be expressed domin or don wannan, do-

by shi ne aboki da gaskiya, min chewa* this is the ; r.

lit. he is a friend in reality. ita che dalili or shi ya sa it ;

reality, n. sakankanchewa, gas- was past r. ya wuche misali ;

kiya, e.g. whether this be r. what is the r. ? ina sabili 1

or falsehood I know not ko reasonable, to be shiga han-
gaskiya ko kariya ban sani kali be r. shiga hankalinka.
;

ba ; of. seq. reasonable, mai-dalili.

reality, to assure of the r. of, reasoning, n. kokanto-, to en-
tr. V, gaskanta. gage in r. yin kokanto.
really, adv. da gaskiya, gaskiya, rebel, n. makangari.
gaske, Jidda*, e.g. it is r. so rebel, intr. v. yin kangara.
da gaskiya hakanan shi ke or rebellion, tawaye.
simply gaskiya ne ; (used as rebellious, pi. tawaye.
 1 bound 195 reconcile
1 bound, n., e.g. of an arrow various Engl, terms, e.g. a
(nra.
needle-case (lit. r. of needles)
1 bound, intr. v. tankwashe, gidan allura ; a quiver gidan
!<nikwashe, e.g. the spears kibiya; an envelope gidan
iel)ounded from the coats takarda.
oi mail masussuka sun tan-
reception, a royal, n. turaka,
kwashe dag a lijida. recess, n. (nook, closet, small
ibuke, tr. v. tsaushi, tsawata room etc.) loloki, pi. lokokai,
<l'i, yin tsawa, e.g. the
learned lungu; secret recesses coll.
man rebuked his disciples lolokin asiri.
malami ya yi tsawa ma reciprocal, turn by the
adj.,
'liaajiransa; he rebuked me recipr. pron.
juna.
ya yi ma ni tsawa. reckless courage, with, adj.
roeipt, amsa. jan namiji.
rceive, tr. v. 1. (to take what reckon, v. kida, kilga, kirga,
is offered) karba, karbi, see count, number to r.
dau- ;

^a, doka, samu, imperat. up (take account of) zdfia.

receive ka7^ho. reckoning, n. 1. (computing,
2. (of a salutation) karba, calculating) kidaya, kida and
?.g. they received, i.e. acknow- kididdiga, hisabi (S.) ; (of
edged your salutation suoi accounts) lisafi or lasafi.
gaisuwakka recline, intr. v. dangana,
i^arba
;
(of news ki-
itc.jji, e.g. we received news shingida or kishinkida (this
'nun ji labari; to r. as a also=--to sit with crossed legs),

^uest shide, e.g. they received jingina, jingine.

ne joyfully suka shide ni da recognise, to gani*, gane*.
nurna. recollect, tr. v. (to remember)
'«;eived, particip. (approved tuna, tuna da.
•f, agreed to, believed in) recollection, participial n.
•ardadde, fern, yardadda, pi. tunawa.
ardaddu. recompense, n. (both of pe-
i eptacle, any kind of r.
n., cuniary reward, wages, and .

•aay be expressed by gida, also generally) lada.

1. gidaje or gidadaji by ; recompense, tr. v., see repay,
leans of this are formed requite and reward,
be Hausa equivalents of reconcile, tr. v. gama dadi^.

13—2
reconciliation 196 reference

reconciliation, sulhu, sulfa*, reduction, n. 1. (lessening

sulba*. assuaging of anything) ra

record, n. ambdto. guwa.

recover, v. 1. tr. (to get back), 2. (of an account) ran
e.g. he recovered his property gwarne, e.g. make me a i

ya sarnu dukiyassa kuma. ka yi ma ni rangwame.

2. intr. (of health) samu reed, n. gora, pi. gorori, kdn
afuwa, yin rangwame, mike; Y>\.
kdrdre, kara,jiniya; spec
he recovered his health ya of various qualities and uses

samu lafiya to r. from a ; a kind of r. or rough grass

swoon yiu hankali ; he is Spanish r. gabara ; a r. grov
not quite recovered ba ya ida ing amongst and resemblin
warkewa ba ; I recovered na guinea-corn kusumhurwa ; a
samu sauki, edible water r. bindu, bindc
recovery, n. (of health) rang- a r. used for making arro\^

wam^, afuwa. kyamro (S.), kyauro (K.), p

red, adj.Jrt, p\.jaja,ye ; staining kyamare, gazara*, shenu
r. jaje ; very r. ja wur ; a r. reeds such as are used f(
dye garura. making doors etc. asahm

reddish, adj. jaja kadan, jache, tsabre; reeds forming circ

redeem, tr. v. fanshe, panshe, lar bindings near the ktvam
yin /ansa, we redeemed e.g. inside a roof murdaka, mi
him from slavery muka fan- daka, magwadi (S.) ; a pla
she shi daga bauta. where reeds meet in t

redemption, n. fansa, pansa, centre inside thatched ro

fansawa diyauchi (lit. free-; kwando; reeds bound 1

dom) also bears the pregnant gether forming inside bin

sense of r. ing of a thatched roof tank
reduce, tr. v. 1. (generally, to a r.-like plant of which nati
lessen, to decrease) raxji or ropes are made rama; a
ra)ge ; to be reduced ragu. used as a pen alkdlami;
2. to r. amount of an also gar any a (K.).
account or charge yin ran- reed-buck, kaji.
ywame, rangwamta. reeling, n. (staggering) w

3. (to conquer, subdue) gagi.

chi. . reference, with r. to bdtnn.

«
I
reflection 197 relationship

reflection, n. (consideration, 2. (to heed) yin hankali,

thought) ttmanne, pi. tu- kula, construed with da
nunrm. before the object regarded,
refrain from, tr. v. hari, bar, regent, n. makadashi, makad-
e.g. r. f. falsehood ka bar dashi, makadas.
kariya-, r. f. laughter rike region, n. waje, pi. wajeje.
dariya. regret, v. (to repent) tuba.
refuge, n. matsira, macheto. reign, n. 1. (royal authority,
refusal, n. kimuya, kiyuya, power) sarauta.
hduaica, tayazwa ; r. to hear 2. (the time a r. lasts)
km ji ; r. to work kiwuya, zamani.
riidainda. reign, intr. mallaka ; see rule,
refuse, n. kazamta ; r. food rein, v., to r. in zami, zame.
kamzOj kanzo. reining-in, n. zamiya.
refuse, v. ki, kiya, kinkinta, reject, tr. kiya, yada*,
v. ki,
rena^ yin kishi, dakile, tayaz e.g. they rejected the right
;

to r. an offer in buying and way sun yada hanya ; to r.

selling hdna and midaba* as something bad yhi tsan-
to r. exertion (or labour) tsani.

1 1
yin kiwuya; to r. to keep rejoice, v. 1. intr. yin or jin
I
!
a pi'omise yin gase to r. to ; far in chiki, yin or jin murna\
I listen kyale. to r. with anyone yin bishara.
i

Tefuses, one who r. to work, n. 2. tr. bada (or so) murna.

'
makiyachi, tnai-kiwuya, rejoin, intr. (to answer) yin
refusing, n. participial form amsa.
hanmva., kiyatva, kiyaya. rejoinder, n. (answer) amsa.
regard, n. 1. (attention, heed) relate, v. /adi, fada.
if hankali. related, to be danginta.
2. (affection) soyayya or relation, n. dangi or ddgi*,
soyaiya, kauna, kamna, e.g. pi. dangogi, kwatana^ \ cf.
an object of r. abin kamna ; seq.
you have forfeited ray v.ka relations, coll. dangi both in
i
yanke ma ni kauna. the sing, and pi., kibanta,
regard, tr. v. 1. (to look at makusata.
attentively both physically relationship, n. zumunta*,
\ and mentally) dnba. juna.
relax 198 remind
relax, v. 1. tr. (of bonds etc. two days rmm kwana nan
to loosen) kwanche, kunche, kwana hiyu we remain
; for
sake ;
(of efforts, rule etc. to this one day only mu ke yini
make less severe or strict) ranan nan.
ragi, rctge. 2. (of remaining in one
2. intr. (to become less state as well as place) duma,
strict or severe, of anything, dawama, kasanchi, tabbatawa;
e.g. pain) ragtt. (to be over) yi7i raguwa.
relaxation, n. 1. (in sense of remainder, n. saura, shaura,
2. prec.) raguwa. shawara,dudduga, kanfa (S.),
2. (rest) natsu, natsuwa. kingi^raguwa, rdgowa (S.),
release, tr. v. saki and in a shingi (K.), ringi ; r. of food
looser sense hari^ bar ; see marmashi, sud% suddi; r. of
let. nuts, food, etc. kola.
reliable, adj. (vulg.), see trust- remaining, 1. participial adj.
worthy. (also r. over) mai-wanzuwa.
relieve, tr. v. (e.g. one of a 2. (continuing) mai-da-
load) tariyo* ;
(to assist) see wama.
help. 3. n. (continuance, staying)
religion, n. addini ; the true dawdma, tdbbata.
r. addinin gaskiya the mo-
; remains, see remainder.
ham medan r. musidumchi ;
remedy, n. (in medicinal and
he was converted to the also in general sense) ma-
mohammedan r. ya zama gani, e.g. the Jilasko plant is

musulmi. a r. for diarrhoea Jilasko

religious person, n. mai- maganin gudawa ;
pro v. if

addini, pi. masu-addini. a town be far off the r. is

rely on, v. dangana, ingata, travel maganin gari da nesa

with da or ga, yarda
constr. tajiya.

with da; to r. on God ka- remember, v. tuna to come \

sada; to r. upon a person to r. tuna with da before

shaduda or saduda. object.
remain, intr. v. 1. (of staying remembrance, n. (recollec-
or stopping in a place) zamna, tion) tunanne, tunawa, tun-
zau7ia, kasanchi*, kwana (lit. tuna.
sleep), e.g. we remained there remind, to taso*^ tuna ma.

i
 -emiss 199 repel

i^emiss, adj. lalafa. 3. (to translate) ,juya., sail-

:'einission, n. (forgiveness) ga- ya, fasara, yin fa^iara.
fara-^ yafetca*. 4, (to cause to be or be-

"emissly, adv. da lalafan- come) periphr- e.g. the heat

chi. of the fire rendered his face
i-"emissness, n. lalafanchi. very red zafivi wuta ya sa
:'eniit, tr. v. (to forgive) yarda, Juskassa ta zamaja nnir.
(jafarta, yhi gafara ; to r. a rending, n. fatattdka, tsdga,

debt yarda hashi', to r. a see tearing,

law tsaida. renew, to sabunta; renewing
remnant, e.g. after cloth has sabunchi (K.), sahuntaka.
been measured, n. gutsura, (s.).

see remainder. rent, n. ijara, sufui'i.

:'emorse, n. nmldma (S.), ni- rent, tr. v. (of houses, etc.)

ddma, laddma, da-nct-sani ;

siifui'che, sit/urchi, sufurta,
where there is no wrong, yin sufuri.
there is no r. hahu laifi, habu repair, tr. v. (to mend) gy-
. tunanne. arfa, gyara, lallaba*, yin
*emote, adj. 1. (distant in adana.
place) na nesa ; also da nesa repairing, adana.
and daga nesa^ e.g. a r. town repast, n. 1. (a meal) kalachi.
(jari da nesa. 2. (food, victuals) abinchi,
2. (distant in time) na dd^ chima, chimaka.
also da wuri or dauri, e.g. r. repay, to yika.
customs tadodi na dd. repeal, tr. v. kauda, e.g. the
"emoval, kaura. king repealed the prohibition
remove, tr. v. kauda, kaushe, sarikiya kauda doka.
kauwa^ kawas^ katva^ da. repeat, do again), see
v. 1. (to

fend, tr. V. keche, kiche, keta, again to r. an action yin

;

murtsuka, tsdga ; to r. in maimai, maimaita, kdra,

pieces yato<to>^e, tsatsaga. ribhi *.
render, tr. v. 1. (to give) ha 2. (to say a thing over
or hada. again) tusa.
2. (of an account, to give, repel, tr. v. kora^ kore ; to be
give in, present) to r. an repelled (of an arrow, etc.)
'
account yin lisafi. tankwashe.
repent 200 resign

repent, intr. v. tuba, e.g. re- 2. intr. (to lie, to be

pent Ml tuba ; if he refuses
! placed) pass, of aje and sa-,

to r. idan ya ki tuba. (to lie at rest) kwana^

repentance, n. tuba, nidama, reprehend, tr. v. (to reprove,
naddma {^.), laddma. censure), see blame,
repents, one who, n. mai-tuba. reprehensible, adj. da laiH
repetition, (i.e. doing any- representative, n. (an agent
thing over again) takidi*. or substitute) wakili.
reply, n. amsa, amshe ; to give a repress, kwdbe, kwdba, kwdbo,
r. ba (or bada) amsa ; cf. seq. see hinder,
reply, intr. v. amsa, yin amsa, reproach, n. zargi, zagi.
e.g. he replied to them ya reproach, tr. v. yin zagi,
amsa ma s^i or ya yi ma su bache.
amsa. reproaching, zagi, zage.
report, n. 1. (rumour, news) reproof, n. foro ; harasa, ra-
labdri, e.g. we heard a r. rauka (K.).
about war m,uka ji labarin reprove, tr. v. yin foro.
yaki. reptile, n. mair.arrafe, pi,

2. (fame, repute) ydbo. niOySU-rarrafe, abin kasa, igi-

3. (noise of gun) dmo*, yar kasa,
kdrar bindiga. reputation, n. yabo, suna,
4. false r. tsegumi, pi. e.g. his r. spread throughout
tsegungum.a. the Sudan mutane duka su
report, v. news) yin
(to bring ji sunansa chikin Sudan.
labdri, ba (or bada or fadi) requital, n. /ansa, ^yansa,
labdri] to r. against (to hansa, saka-mako.
inform against) sare, sara. requite, tr. v. biya ;
(in a bad
repose, n. 1. (lying at rest) as well as good sense) rama.
kwantawa. rescue, tr. v. kwache or kwashe;
2. (rest, quietness) futa, see also deliver,
futawa. resemble, to daidaiche, yin
3. (sleep) barchi, kwana. kama.
repose, v. 1. tr., to n con- reserve, (i.e. suppoi*t in war)
fidence in sa with bisa or bisa ribadi.
ga and substantives given reside, intr. v., see dwell,
under confidence, q.v. resign, tr. v. (to give up,
 resignation 201 retained

abandon) hari, bar ; to r. futa, fucha, yin mugdTna ; (to

office rnaida rawani. be laid, placed) pass, of aje,
resignation, n. hankuri, han- sa.
kura, hakura, hakuri. resting-place, n. (lodging) ma-
resigned, to be, v. jin sanyi, shidi ; his last resting-place
also hcmkuri with yi or the makwanchinsa,
forms in na, am r. toe.g. I restitution, make, v.rama.
this i7ia hankuri da wannan restive, be, intr. v. yin tuma.
he was r. to this pain ya yi restlessness, kiriniya.
hankuri da azaban nan. restore, tr. v. 1. (to give or bring
resist, tr. v. (gen. to withstand, back) maida, mayas, kwanda,
baffle) hana to r., request
; ramka, bayas da.
etc. hana q.v., ki ji, e.g. he 2. (to make good) rama.
resisted every proposal ya ki 3. (to r. to life) raya ;
(to
ji magana duka. be restored to life) rayu.
resistance, n. in sense of prec. 4. (to renew) sabimta.
init. hanawa, makatva. restrain, tr.v. hana, kwdbe,

resolution, (i.e. firmness) ha- kwdba, kwdbo, tsere see ;

rama, hazama. hinder.

respect, n. (i.e. esteem) hasafi, result, n. akiba.
kauna. resurrection, n. tashi daga
respond, v. (to answer) amsa^ matattu, tayaswa, kiydma
yin amsa. the r. day ranari gobe
rest, n. 1. {YQmm.iidkiv) shawara, (lit. the day of to-morrow),
x(mra, kingi, shingi (K.). ran gobe, ranal (or ranan)
2. (repose, quiet)futa,ffau, kiyama; periphr. the day
j'x tawa, hutawa, mugdma *, when the sounder of the
cf. repose; (of the grave) trumpet shall sound ranad
place of r. makwanchi (of ;
da mai-busa ya busa kafo
death) the last r. makarin nasa,
barchi. retail, a r. seller of corn dan
rest, V. 1. tr. (to lay, place) aje, kwarami, mai-sari * ; retailers
^v<, he rested his hands
e.g. yan shimfida.
on the book ya sa hannu- retain, tr. v. rike, rika, riki*.
'

wansa bisa litafi. retained, particip. rikakke,

2. intr. (to be at rest) fern, rikakkiya, pi. rikakku.
retainer 202

retainer, to become a r. of freer sense (= to honour) gir-

yin chaffa (or chappa). mama, and hada girma.
retaliate, intr. v. rama, saka, revile, tr. v. yui zagi, fallasa
see revenge, or pallasa, kwdla.
retaliation, n. (in a good as reviling, zage, zagi.
well as bad ^Qn^o) saka-mako', revive, intr. v. (as from faint-
see requital, ing) farko.
retch, to yunkura. revolt, n. tawaye.
retching, n. yunkuri. revolt, to danka shappa, yin
retire, to r. into shelter tawaye.
7ioke. reward, n. lada, akiba.

retreat, to ja da haya. reward, tr. v., see requite.

return, n. dawaya. rhinoceros, n. kili/ori, kilhore
return, intr. v. koma ; to r. to (a Fullani word), karkanda*.
where the speaker is, to r. rib, n. awoza, awaza (S.), pi.
here komo, dawo, dawayo awazu, awazai ribs coll.
;

to r. from a place dawaya; hakarkari.

to r., tr. V. mayas da, mayar rice, n. shinkafa, more parti-
da. cularly = r. in the husk
returning, n. (of place) ko- husked, clean r. shinkafa,
mawa, kome, pi. kome-kome sanshera, surfaffe, gumi
(of state, = a changing back, tuft of r. geza, pi. gezuna ;

reversion) juyawa, waiwai- the swelling of r. when

yawa. boiled auki, abki ; a soft
reveal, tr. v. gdya, waye, 7tuna, mash of r. fate-fate ; a mix-
e.g. they revealed the secret ture of r., milk and honey
to the king sun gdya asirin gumha; a cake made of r.
nan ga sariki. and guinea-corn masa a ;

revenge, n. /ansa, pansa, cake made of r., oil and

hansa, ramuwa, tarna. honey tsatsafa a large rice- ;

revenge, v. rdma, zoje ; see bag saulo; hungry' r. acha;

'

requite, a dark coloured kind of r.

revere, tr. v. ; cf. seq. jimero* r. husks (used for
;

reverence, n. kwarjini. washing ink off writing

reverence, tr. v. tsarkaka, boards) buntu, shefe.
tsarkaki, charkaka and, in rich, adj. 1. (wealthy, also
 rich 203 ring

concr., a r. man) mai-dukiya, 3. (claim) alhaki ; to be

i)iawadach% pi. mawadata. in the in a dispute
r. hu-
2. (abundant) dayawa. janta.
n 3. (splendid as '
r. dress ') 4. (the opposite of left)
I na ado, fern, ta ado. dama.
raich, to be, intr. v. tajarta, ajar- right, adj. 1. (in conformity with
ia, ivadata, walata, yalwata. truth and justice) da gaskiya,
riches, coll. dukiya,pi. dukoki da gaske, or simply gaskiya,
or dukiyoyi, wada, wadachi, nakwarai*, ddili ; to be r.
itrziki, ajiya, dfajirchi, ta- inganta, ingata, see also
jirchi, falaJa, gatanchi. lawful, proper.
riddle, n.marauchi, zauranche. 2. (opposed to left) na-
ride, intr. v., express by pe- danna, fem. ta-dama\ the r.

riphr., e.g. he was riding hand (i.e. the bodily mem-

along yana tafe hisa doki ber) hannu na dama the r. ;

I rode to the town na hau wajen da^na.

side
doki na taji gari ; spec, to r. righteousness, n. adilchi.
at a gallop sukuwa (Kano), rightly, adv. (truthfully, justly)
!<uka (Sokoto), sukane, su- da gaskiya, da gaske.
kwane; tor. for exercise kilisa. 2. (correctly, exactly)
rider, n. mai-doki, pi. masu- kwarai, sarai, e.g. if I r.

doki, mahayi ; an expert r. understand you will come to

gwani7i doki. this house in the eveninoj
ridge, n. kokuwa ; a ridge in idan na ji kwarai za ku zo
a field kunya, coll. kiviya gidanga da mareche he did ;

(S.), kadada. not count them r. bai kil-

ridicule, tr. r. ddra, shamata-, ga su sarai ha.
he turned him into r. ya rind, n. fdfM, pdta, hawo, hawa.
ha shi dariya. ring, n. zohe ; seal r., signet r.
riding, zaman sirdi ; a place zohe7i shaida ; finger r. ka-
for r. in fagen doki ; a place wainya; a metal r. placed
for riding in at the gallop round the hands and legs
i masukwani. of women chakan-
karafa,
right, n. 1. gen. gaskiya. kami; a put through a
r.

2. (authority or privilege) man's lower lip baibayi* a \

J
iko, pi. ikoki, inganchi. leather r. worn as a charm
rings 204 roasting

on the wrist kumbu, kum- koguna, kogina or kogai ; the

huwa, see kdrau. r. of paradise kausara and
rings, arm r. mundaye
coll. ; alkausara.
mundayen kafa.
foot r. river-horse, hippopotamus, n.

ringworm, makero, kyazhi dorina, pi. dorinnai.

_
(K.), kyasfi (S.). rivers, confluence of, n. magan-
rinse, tr. v. darwaye, darwaya. gami.
rip, tr. V. keta, participial n. road, n. hanya, hayd*', pi.

ketuwa, ketawa ; see tear, hanyoyi, bube, godabe, ta-

ripe, adj. iiuna, nina (S.) or fark% pi. tafarkoki, turba,

nu7ianne, pi. nunannu. pi. turbobi; on the r. (tra-
ripe, to be, intr. v. n%na (S.), velling) chikin tajiya; he is

nuna (K.), yin tdbo ; to be on the r. yana tajiya do you ;

over-r. kosa. know your r. from this points

ripeness, tdbo, tafshi, tabshi, ka sani hanya daga nan ko 1
tapshi*. a broad r. godabe, rimdi,
rise, n., of a fish bulma, burma ',
karabka, karauka (S.) a ;

of a star keto. hedged r. between farms

rise, intr. v. tashi ; to cause to used by cattle burtali.
r. tctshe up
; to r. taso, gusa, roads, n. branching off of r.
gulgusa, gurgusa ; to r. up (pi. of kwasfa) kwoMfoji ;

against yin Jirmaki ; to r. dividing of r. laloki, loloki,

high (of the sun) karu ; to r. pi. lulokai ; meeting-point of

(to swell, of anything cook- two or more r. mararrabin
ing or fermenting) yin auki
or yin abki. roar, n. kugi, tsawa; r. of a
rising, participial n. tashi, lion gumza.
tasawa ; tayaswa is used in roar, intr. v. yin tsawa, yhh
sense of resurrection, kugi, yin kuka ;
(of camel,
risk, n., he ran a great r. ya donkey, fire, etc.) yin ruri:
sha hdtsari dayawa. roast, tr. V. soya or suya,
rivalry, n. kishi, gdsa, hamiya. bandata, gdsa, the last used
river, n. ruiva, pi. ruwaye, e.g. with gurasa bread,
the r. Benue ruwan tsada ; roasted, particip. gasashshe,
gulbi, pi. gulabe, tabki, tapki fem. gasashshiya, pi. gasassu.
or tafki ; a large r. kogiy pi. roasting, banda, gdshi.
rob 205 roof

rob, tr. V. (to take openly, by ninke ; to r. into balls as clay

force) ktvache. for building chibra, tsibra^

robber, n., one who robs openly chura, dunkida intr. and ;

mai-sane a highway r. (bri- ; reflexive to r. up or together

. gand) mafaxhi, mai-fashe, pi. nadu.
mdfasa. roller, (bird) tsanwaka.
robbery (with violence), par- roller, i.e. a stone used for
maki. crushing rice etc., n. dan
robe, n. riguna riga, pi. magurji.
splendid robes riguna na rolling, particip. n. birgimia] r.

ado silken robes riguna na

; down gangaraiva and ganga7'o.
alharini. roof, n. jinka; the following
robe, tr. V. sa put on), e.g.
(lit. apply to the native thatched
they shall be robed in white roofs ; the centre of r. k wan-
a sa ma su rigu7ia farfaru. do ; the conical grass top of a
rock, n. dutsi, pi. duwatsu, r. boto ; a beam to support a
duchi, falale, J\ pa. r. dirka ; a binding line in-
rock, shake or swing
tr. V. (to side formed of two or three
r.

•
to and fro) reta^ yin reto. reeds mirdaka, murdaka a ;

rock-salt, n. gallo. band of grass rope outside a r.

rod, n. sanda, pi. sanduna. jiniya; an arched r. damren-
rogue, n. mazambache mai- guga^dauren-guga; an oblong
zambata. r. bakan-gizo to bind grass ;

roll, V. move along by

1. (to with cords so as to form a r.
turning over and over) tr. yamche or yamchi, yin kan-
. bingira, mirgina, mirgine, dama the plaited mat-work
;

laydta, layache, yin birgima which acts as the keystone

intr. to r. down gangara of a conical r. kirinya ; the
or gangari ; to r. away horizontal ties of grass which
gangarad da. bind the sloping rafters of
2, (to fold round on itself) a r. tanka the sticks which ;

tr. ndde; to r. together or slope from the upright poles

up ndde ; to r. up kalmdsa of a r. to the cross piece
or kalmashe; to r. up, e.g. imafyadi) tsaiko ; the cross
a covering of a doorway, or pieces tied to the sloping
a piece of cloth etc. linke, sticks {tsaiko) for the grass
 room 206 rope

of the r. to rest upon karan saiwa (K.), saye (S.), p).

tanka the sticks placed in a
; sayu, sauya (Kats.) ; r. of a
r. to prevent the grass from tree tushi.
slipping down kini ; the rope, n. gen. igiya, pi. igiyoyi,
highest part of the inside of yagiya (S.); to plait a r,

a kwankuwa, kokuwa; a
r. tumka (S.) or tukka (K.) igi-
cross piece of wood which ya; spec, of various uses and
rests on two {gofa) sticks materials a r. for hobbling
:

and supports the r. of a horse tarnaki, dangwali, da-

house mafyadi the apex of ; baibayi (K.), dabaibiya (S.);
a r. kan daki house with ; a r. for leading a horse dsal-
flat r. soro ; upper storey of wayi ; a r. halter for horses or
such a house sm^on bene ; a camels m^ama; a r. (also coll.)
flat mud r. rufi. tied to anything, e.g. to a
room, n. 1. open, unoccupied rafter ragaya; a r. tying a
space in any sense sarari horse's leg to a post gindi ; a
unoccupied space on a flat r. up a camel dkala
for tying
;

surface as a plain, a floor a r. fastened between two

Jili, e.g. there was no r. for posts to which animals are
(putting down) my load hahu tied rande; a r. used for
Jiliga kayana^ cf. seq. tying a thief kogawa-, a
2. an apartment or r. in a twisted hide r. kiri, pi. kirra',
house cLdki^ pi. dakuna; a materials for r. (plaited grass,
private sleeping r. baray a palm leaves, fibre) tsaiwa;
(S.); an upper r. in a two- leaves and fibre from a large
storeyed house, bene ; a small species of palm for r. kaba^
dark r. loloki, laloki, pi. lolo- yadiya) a fibre for making r.
kai or Idlokaye ; a r. made of yawa; a reed -like plant
mud and thatched with reeds (Hibiscus cannabinus) for
tsaiko. making r. which is called by
room, to have plenty of r. to the same name rama] a r.
sit down, intr. v. wala. made of rama^ tamagi^ ta-
room.y, adj. mai-sai-ari, da magye; a large tree from the
sarari e.g. this chamber is
J
bark of which small ropes are
r. dakin nan yana da sarari. made tawatsa ; a trailing r.

root, n. (of vegetables, etc.) plant kuranga, see also raba.

rosewood 207 rub

rosewood, African r. mado- dauraro prep, kewaye, e.g.

;

biya. they made a road r. the

rot, intr. v. (to putrefy) riba, pool sun gina hanya ke-
ruba ; (to go bad) bache. wayen tahki; the storm is
rote, by, 1. n., saying by r. going r. over there hadari
tidawa. yaua zagawa.
2. v., to say by r. yiyi rouse, tr. v. (to make rise, e.g.
tidawa; to learn so as to from the ground or from
say by r. (by heart) samxi sleep) tashe, tayas, falkad da.
harda. rout, n. kdshi, to put to r.
rotten, particip. adj. (of fruit, hada kdshi.
etc.) rubabbe, fern, rubabbiya, row, n. (series, line, rank) sdfu,
pi. rubabbuj (of corn) tsadari, jeri ; to form a r. yin sdfu ;

gen. batache^ fern, batachiya, in 8i V. a jere to lay out in

;

pi. batattu^ a lalache ; to rows tsdra, tsdre.

become r. ruba, riba. row, n. (angry dispute), see
rough, adj. da kaushi, da kxir- dispute, quarrel (noisy ;

zunu. outcry) kururuwa.

roughness, n. (unevenness of row, tr. and intr. v. tuka, yin
surface) kaushi, kurzunu ; r. tuka (lit. to push, or propel).
of skin kaushin jiki. Hausas acquainted with
round, adj. express by the European oared boats em-
nouns = a r. object chibiri, ploy this word which is the
kumbu, kawanya (K.), e.g. a term used for 'paddling'
r. piece of mud chibirin kasa; native canoes.
to make r. chibra ; to cut royal, adj. na-sariki, fem. ta-
r. shaft kumbu ; v., go
to sariki; r. officers or attend-
r. dauraro, zaga, gewaya, ants ya(ia?/;«, q.v.
kewaya, jiwaya, kewaye, ke- rub, tr. V. /a/e, yd/a and ydfo,
wayo, kewayi, the last also sdba, chuda; to r. (or grind)
tr., e.g. they went r. the city corn tushe ; to r. anything,
sun kewaye birni ; hulo or e.g. corn in the hands murje,
hullo; to go r. zdge, zdga, murda, mulmula, murtsuka;
zwage (S.), zdgi to go r. in ; to r. the back of a knife
order to examine a thing backwards and forwards dd-
gewaya or jewaya to look r. ; dara; to r. the hair off a
rubbed 208 rust!

hide or skin jemi ; to r. mallaka, mallaki, mallake^ yii,

out or erase shafe, yin mai- sarauta, chude, umarche ; (tc |

mai ; to r. smooth chudanya, decide, order authoritatively'

darje. hukumta, e.g. he ruled that
rubbed, particip. adj. murjaje', we should do this ya hukumta\\
murtsukakke^ fern, murtsu- tnu yi haka. |!

kakka, murtsukakku.pi. ruler, n. mai-mallaka, masaravJ^.

rubber, n. 1. (e.g. a cloth, chi, mahukumchi, hdkimi, pl.^
used for rubbing or wiping) hakimai; (king) sarki or sor
abin shafe. riki, pi. sarakuna or sarori
2. (india-rubber) danko, kai.
dankon ga'inji, alihida ; rub- rumour, rigima, waiwai.
ber-vine chitvo, chuwo ; india- run, intr. V. gudu; (to melt)
rubber trees yctmji, gcmji narku ; to r. away gudu,
(K.), cf. durumi, baure, bore guje, tsire; to r. away quickly
(S.), chediya, kawuri, tva, sheka; to outrun tsire; tc

taha-ni-kasamu. r. out (to come to an end)|

ruby, n. yakutu*. kai'e; of water, to r. over (to I

rudder, paddle used as a, n. overflow) tuda, tude ; at a r.

matuki. a guje ; the following expres-

rug, a woollen sleeping r., n. sions are used to denote to
kilishi. r. fast zura da gudu, sheka
ruin, tr. v., to spoil, destroy da gudu, karta da gudu,
bata ; to be ruined or to fall fashe da gudu, tantala da
into r. (of a house, etc.) roshe, gudu, gudu kar, ruga da
rushi ;
participial n. and gudu running away
; tawaga.
pres. form rushewa. runaway, n. 1. (of slaves):

ruins, coll. (of a place, town) gujajje, pi. gudaddu.

kufai, pi. kufaifai, kofai, 2. (in war) maguji or m/u-i'

kango ; falling into r. 7m- guji.

shewa. runner, a r. in front of ;i

rule, n., government, royal horse gurguri, zagi.

sway sarauta an established ; rush, intr. v. kutsa; to i.,

mode of procedure tadoi, pi. e.g. out of a crowd ruza.

tadodi, ada, kaida. rust, n. tsatsa.
rule, V. (to hold sway as a king) rust, intr. v. yin tsatsa.
 rustling 209 sadness

rustling, e.g. of wind in trees sacrifice, n. sadaka*, hdya.

kaya-kaya \ r. of grass sukun- sad, adj. (depressed, sorrowful);
sTikun, to be s., see sadness; a s.

business (causing sorrow or

sabbath, n. 1 . (in the scriptural pity) abin tausayi ; as. busi-
sense = Saturday) assabat, as- ness (i.e. bad, wicked) abin
->hit, ranan assabat. mugu.
2. (Sunday) lahadij ranan saddle, n. sirdi, pi. sirdde
\l and sirduna, siradda or
sabre, n., see sword. sirdodi, bukuru, bakuru* ;

jack, n., a largeskins. or bagfor a native s. cloth which is

cowries jika, jikka, pi. jik- laid on the s. jelala, lappa,
kuna, kwasabro, buhu (Z.), labba, kafu (S.), rnashimjidi
i| hirgami, burgame these are a s. peak kwachiya, that in
I not used as water skins for front kwachiyar gdba, that
! which see under skin ; a skin behind (the CR,nt\e) kwachiyar
s. for loading camels, donkeys, baya ; btuffing or panels of a
etc. waga, kyankyand% gu- s.zubuka, zabuka ; a pack s.
rara, kaiwa* a s. made of ;
with pockets for water pots,
'
network raga, pi. ragogi ; a etc.mangala ; a s. embroi-
large s. of salt (one donkey dered in gold or silver talka ;

load) lange, pi. la^igaye, see crupper of a s. jabaya, jaku-

bag. turi; the leather thong at-
iack, tr. V. (to pillage or plun- tached to a s. and passed
der a place or town) kwache, through the ring of the girth
e.g.he took and sacked the kaitara, kaitaro ; ornamental

town ya chi gariri nan ya s. flaps zaggin sirdi ; a s. of

kwache dukiyassu duka. meat takandar nama.
town) n. buruntu.
lack, (of a saddle, v. (of camels, etc.)
'.acred, adj. (connected with labda, (of horses) damre or
religion)na addini, fem. ta darme (S.), sirdi, yin sirdi.
addini, e.g.honour s. things sadness, n. baki7i zuchiya to ;

and do not ridicule them ku experience s., to feel sad jin,

giinnama abubuwa na addini yin or the forms in ua with
kada ku ba su dariya (holy, ;
the n., e.g. I experience s.,

.
pure) tsarki. I feel sad ina bakin zuchiya.

R. H. D. U
safe 210 sail

safe, adj., s. from peril amin- buyer is allowed time t(

tache, pi. amintattu. decide whether he will accept

safe conduct, letter of, n. the offer remaining oper
watikal lamuni. chiniki7i zabi,
safety, n. (security from harm) saleableness, sayuwa.
lamuni, amana] (deliverance salesman, n. mai-saida, dat
from harm) chira, tsiras, kasuwa.
chiraro, tsiraro. saline, adj. da gishiri, m
sagacious, adj. da basira, da gishiri.
hankali, mai-hankali. saliva, n. sallabi, miyau, ym
sagacity, n. basira, hankali. (K.), dululu.
Sahara, Hamada. salmon, fish resembling, n
said, it is, determinative or faliya.
causal phr. wai, e.g. thou art salt, n. gishiri ;
prov. a mai
proud because Thou
it is s.. may boil horns with his owV
excellest all kana kumburawa s. (i.e. one may do what on(!
wai ka fi kowa. likes with one's own) mutur),
saint, (fakir) wali, waliyi, pi. da gishirinsa shi kan daf(\

waliyai. kqfo; spec, a dark kind o|

sake, for the s. of, prep, domin, s. manda ; a s. brough I

don, garin, sabad da, sahado* from Asbeii, beza; black s

or saboda*, e.g. for his s. from Bornu manda han ;

dominsa, sabili da shi ; for rock s. gallo; an inferio;

the s. of this domin (or don) kind of s. balma; as. (o!
haka; for the s. of a walk natron) used in dyeing as f'

gafin yawo ; for the s. of mordant, also used medi|

what? domin mi, don mi, cinally ashauma, ashoma; :\

dommi, and sabad da mi. cake of s./oche,J'ochen gishirv

sale, to expose for s. talla ; it mangul ; round flat piece I

ison s., it is for s. a say as of s. coll. aserimi* ; a load o

da; on s. sayarwa, saisuwa; s. cut small bakan gishiri ;

;

a cheap s. gwanjo the ex- ; pyramidal load of s. kantu; ;

hibition of goods for s. koli smaW kantuot inferior s./?asAi

s. on approval chinikin sha- a large kantu of s. azurumi
wara a s. under a guarantee
; a wood ash from which s. i

uda* a s. in which the

; obtained zdkanko*.
I
ftlt-bag 211 sand

;ilt-bag, n., long, narrow b. aiki or sanu da aikinku or

for carrying s. lange, langi ;
sanunku da aiki spec. s. ;

a small s.-bag chukurufa*. (among moslems) salam

iltless, adj. hahu gishiri shaking a spear or hand in
spec, of anything eaten with- s. jaji (S.) ; see also jin-
,
out salt (insipid) da lami. jina.
iltness, (brackishness) zartsi. salute, tr. V. gaida, gaishe,
altpetre, n.kanwa; spec. s. gaisa, jinjini, e.g. I saluted
used medicinally jan kan- the man na gaida mutum
1 wa. spec, to go to s. (of sacred
aJutation, n. gaisuwa, e.g. persons or places) ziyara ; to

J
he paid no heed to my s. bai s. several persons in turn
kula ha da gaisuwata or ha gaggaishe.
ya karba gaisuwata ha; as. salvation, n. tslra, tslraro,
I

, addressed to an important cheto.

person ingwayya, ungwaiya; same, adj. daya (lit. one), e.g.
. a public s. muhaya. The they are the s, duk daya ne
j
language is rich in expressions this is the s. as that wannan
\
of s., e.g. s. to you (Engl. daya kaman wanchan ; to-
i hail ! welcome !) pass, a gaishe gether at the s. time or place
(-ka, -ki) -ku, a tuski the ; gaha dai or gaba daya ; the s.

; commonest expr. of s. is sanu hakanan as a determinative

;

\ or rep. sanu sanu and this is employ demonstrative pro-

;
most frequently accompanied nouns, e.g. I saw the s. man
,
by a reference to the time of yesterday in the market na
I
day, or the state and occupa- gani wannan (or wannan
tion of the person saluted, TYiutum, or mutumen nan)jiya
;
e.g. good morning (lit. s. to chikin kasuwa.
you in the morning) sanu da sanctify, tr. v. tsarkaka, tsar-
safe, good evening sanu da kaki.
mareche, welcome out of the sand, n. rairai, rerai, jiggawa
"/ rain sanu da ruvja s. to ; or jigawa spec, fine s. tur-
;

I
you in your bereavement hay a, turda (S.) white s. in ;

8a7iu da kewa ; s. to you at water yashi ; grains of s.

your play sanu da wargi ; s. barbadi s. mixed with grain
;

^ to you at your work sa7iu da tarke.

i
14—2
sandal 212 savoury

sandal, n. takalmi, pi. takalma, satisfy, tr. v. (of the appetite)

kufita, kufutaj kupta, pi. kufi- kosad da; (to pay claims,

tai or kufutai ; sandals with etc.) biyaj rama.

red leather tops and hole for Saturday, pr. n. of time dsa-

toe samhatsai ; a light kind bat, assabat, dsabar, dssibit,

of decorated s. tajawankai. ranan assabat.

sand-fly, filjilwa^ fiffilwa, ki- sauce, n. miya*.

yashi, kyashi, kyafirjita. sauciness, taurin ido.

sand- grouse, kwantatoyi, bar- sausage-tree, rahaina.

wa, ladin rogo. saunter, to ragaiche, see idle.
sand-hill, a, n.jiggawa,jigawa. saunterer, mai-ragaita.
sand-piper, sharafage (S.). savage, n. (barbarians, un-
sangar, shirgiya. civilised human beings) bai-
sarcasm, gatse. bayij pi. baibai, babbawa or

sasswood, gwaska. baubawa.

Satan, pr. n. Shaitan, Shetan savage, adj. (barbarian), cf.

or Shaitani. prec, (cruel) da muni.

satchel, n. (leathern) gdfaka, savagery, n. (cruelty) immi,
Idki. zajin rai, keta.
satin, talashi*, antalashi. save, tr. v. 1. (to rescue, de-
satisfaction, n. 1. (of the liver) chira, chire, chiro or
appetite) koshi. tsiras da^ tsar da (K.), tsarshe,
2. (of the feelings and tsaras da (Daura), tsirad da^
emotions) dadi^ e.g. we felt cheche.
great s. mu7i ji dadi dayawa. 2. (of money = to lay by
3. see requite, or up) aje.

satisfactory, it is, phr. ya yi. save, exceptive prep, sai, see

satisfied, to be, intr. v. (of the but 2.

appetites) koshi, yin koshi, saved, to be, intr. v. chim,

e.g. they ate, drank
they tsira.
and were s. sun chi sun sha saviour, n. mai-cheto, machech i,

sun koshi ;
(of the emotions) pi. macheta.
jin dadi ; cf. seq. savoury, adj. gardi, fern, gar-
satisfied, a being, n. koshi; diya, da gardi, da zaki ;

one who is s., n. kosashe, pi. for the opposite quality s'

kosassu. insipid.
 IW 213 scent

aw, n. zarto, sassaka, sasago*, pi. kiMubuna, kumhahi or

rnagdgdri. kumbai, fofon kifi (of dead
;

aw, to gdgdra. alligator) kirgin kdda.

awdust, dauso. 2. (balance) maauna, m,a-
ay, tr. v. che with pres. forms auni, ynagwaji, mizani, m,a-
chewa^fddi^ fdda, tdne*, e.g. gwadi.
,
what do you say ? mi ka che 1 scan, V. (to look at with scru-
we are saying muna chewa tiny) yin kallo, e.g. we walked
it is said an che, aka che he ; about scanning everything
said to them ya che da su, ya rriun yi yawo muna kallon
<
fddi ma su\ he says, it is dukachin abu.
said, they s. (used to deter- scandal, tsegum,i, pi. tsegun-
mine a phr. or clause as guma; one who spreads s.

uttered or admitted to be mai-tsegumij mai-tsegunchi.

true by others, like Engl, scar, n. (cicatrix) tabo, tambo,
fam. 'you know') wai) s. a kufa ; scars balli-balli ; scars
thing over again tusa\ to s. off made on face serving as
,
by heart or rote yin tulawa. marks shaushawa
tribal ; see
aying, n. 1. (something said) marks.
magana, pi. maganganu ; (a scatter, v. 1. tr. watsa, wache,
popular s.) sa7'a. watsar da, barbada, wal-
2. participial n. (act of s.) wanche, warwache, warwatsa,
chewa used with pres. forms rarraba or rarrabi.
in na. 2. intr. watse ; they scat-
icab, n. kurji, pi. kuraraji, tered or were scattered a7t
kuraje ; also kirchi, gurje, watse su.
Ixxmharoki, gyamho ; a s. scattered, particip. pass, watsu.
which has healed up tamho scattering, barbaduwa, kacha-
scabs coll. halli-halli. kacha.
icald, tr. V. (i.e. with hot scent, n. 1. (characteristic odour
water) sale (K.), swale (S.). of animals) wari, cf. seq.
JCale, n. (as lichen, dandruff) 2. sweet or agreeable
(a
toto, tautau. odour) kamshi, kanshi, kamsa,
5cale, to s. a fish kankale, turare, wardi; a plant the
k'inkare. root of which furnishes a s.
JCales, n. 1. (of fish) kumha,
scent 214 scre"v

scent, tr. v. (to recognise by scorn, V. rena, see despise.

the odour) jin wari ; the dog scorpion, n. kundma, pi. kul
scented the lion kare ya ji namomi or kunamai, durniv
warin zaki. munumunu. |

scent-bottle, n. wakiya, wa- scourge, n. bulala.

kiyya. scourge, tr. v. yin bidala. j

scented, keen-, adj. (of hounds) scout, n. majewayi, see spy.

mai-jin wari. scowl, intr. v. damrefuska.
scheme, n. (artful contrivance) scramble for anything, v'

wayo, wayau. wasa^he, watvashe, yasash^

scholar, n. (a great scholar or (S.).

teacher) mdlam, mdlami, pi. scrambling, wasoso.

malamai; masdni, pi. masana; scrape, tr. v. karkari, (to i\

(a pupil) almajirij pi. almaji- clean and so polish) gogi oi

rai, dan makaranta, makoyi, goge^ fafe, kwarzane, e.g. h;

makoyi, makaranchi ;
(used is scraping the axe-handlj
adjectively - learned), mai- shina gogewa bakin gatari
karatu. to s. or s. out 9'( tuj(\

school, n. makaranta. tuttuje ; to s. up or grub uf I

scissors, n. almakashi joint ;

e.g. roots tona, tone ; to i

of s. gwarmij kwarmi, pi. out a dish sude.

kwarmu. scraper, a gurzago, gurjago
scoff at, and yin ba'a.
to, V. ba'a a s. used in dressinsf leathe
scold, yin tsawa^ huga tsawa,
V. kartaje.
tsawata da, e.g. he scolded scrapings, e.g. of a dish sudi
her well ya yi ma ta tsawa scratch, tr. v. ym susa, yi
dayawa. zuza, yin farta, gurza^ yo
scold, a, mai-fitina. yaga ; to s. up with the nail

scorch, tr. Y.farcha^ yinfarsa. karche, kwarzane.

score, n., of number /aso, hauya, scratching, susa.
the latter is esp. used in scream, n. ihu^ ifutva
counting cowries, e.g. he kururuwa, tsuwa.
looses two thousand cowries scream, intr. v. yin ifu,
ya bar hauya dari.
scores, to pay off s. rama gaya.
scorn, n. yaya^ ha'a^ hananchi.
tsuwa.
screw,
rumchiy rumtse.
v., to s. up the 1 eye
 scribe 215 secure

scribe, marubuchi, pi. tnar'u- the dry s. ya yi rani ; the

huta. hottest part of dry s., when
scum, n. kunfa^ kumfa, yaiia; the rains are beginning ba-
s. from molten lead kdshin- the wet s. damana,
zara;
tdma. damuna^ damina.
,sea, n. gulbi*, kogi*. seasoning, yakuwa.
seal, n. zohe, zohen shaida, ma- seat, n. tnazamni (i.e. spot on
zubi, hatumi, hatimi, hadufl, which anyone sits), kujera,
tambari. bige*,turdka (K.) as. out- ;

seal-ring, n. zobe7i shaida. side a house dakali; judg-

seam, n. (in cloth) albada, pi. ment s., also s. on which a
albadu or albadodi, shaji, king is carried about karaga.
shafe, pi. sha/oji or shafe- secede, intr. v. (to separate
\\ shafe; spec, a breadth be- from, withdraw from) raba
tween seams of cloth chiki. and rabu with da or daga.
seamless, adj. (applied to second, ord. num. na-biyu,
cloth) liwasa. fem. ta-biyu, also na-baya,
sear, tr. v. (with hot iron, to fem. ta-baya.
cauterise) lalas^ sa lalas. secrecy, asiri, ashiri*.

search, n. chigiya, chiwirwiri, secret, n. boya, asiri, kara* ; in

tsiwurwuri; to make diligent s., see secretly.

j
s. yin chigiya, bada chigiya, secret, adj. na-asiri, fem. ta-

bida. asiri, da asiri; a s. place

search, v., to s. after or for lalokin asiri ; vv. to keep s.

nema, bida, chigita, nufe, rufe, rufa, rufi or rife, ka-

nuji, ni/a* ; to s. for with rata* ; to make s. or to
the hand lalabe, fafake discuss secretly asirta; to
make search nema. talk secrets yin gdna.
searching after, n. (desire secretly, adv. da asiri, a boye
and object of desire) maradi see prec.
or nmradi. section, n. gedaiva^.
season, n. 1. gen. (usual or secure, adj., see safety.
. proper time) sa^a, lokachi, loto. secure, tr. v. (from danger,
2. (division of the j^ear harm, etc.), see guard, (fam.
with respect to weather, etc.) to catch, capture, e.g. a
I
dry (and hot) s. rani; it is prisoner) kama, (to guarantee
security 216 self-laudation*

payment of a debt, etc.) see sought for sai am hide ka; to

seq. s. after (often implying to set
security, u. 1. (part payment the heart upon) dawainiya ; i

of a debt as s., earnest money) to s. again zohe ; to s. for |

amdna. tuski, tuske ;

pregn. s. and
2. (a thing left as s., a return with h%do, e.g. let her

pledge) jingina. be sought and brought here,

3. (responsibility for a a hido ta\ to go to s. and I

debt, etc. = guarantee) la- return with 7iemo.

muni, taulahif tallafi; I stood seen, pass, particip. ganarme, i

or went s. na yi lamuni. fern, gananiya, pi. ganannu.

sedge, fragrant s. kajiji wild ; segment, e.g. of a kola-nut

s. dan tunuga, gemen kusu, azara (Z.), hare (K.).
aya aya. seize, tr. v. (to lay hold oi)kdma,
sediment, n. gtviba, gwihi or intens. kankam,a, make \ to
guihi. s. (esp. in order to eat) rida \

seduce, tr. v. farke, rude, to s. forcibly as in war yin

hdshe. huruntu, kwache (to snatch) ;

see, tr. V. gani, gano, often amshi ; to s. and bring kan-

contracted to gan, e.g. I saw kamo to s. in the arms da-
;

her na ga^i ta, also to gd dume to s. a person by the

;

which is very commonly used collar dagum,e.

as an imperative, e.g. s. him, select, tr. v. zaha, zahe, zahi*,
or s. here ga shi, gani is wari, the last often used of
also used in a pregnant sense choosing out one or more
to perceive, recognise, under- pieces.
stand ; to s. from afar tsi7i- selected, pass, particip. za-
kaya, tsifikayi, hango. bahbe, fem. zababba, pi. za-
seed, n. gen. (of plants, men, babbu.
creatures) iri, pi. irare, iri- self, n. expressed by kai and
iri ; spec, seeds crowded to- rai with possess, pronouns, I
gether gurguzu, gurgusu. myself ni da kaina, ni kaina,
seedling, shuka, shukakke. also lesscommonly ni raina
seeing, participial n. ganewa. and raina.
seek, tr. v. (to search for) nema, selfishness, kurmusu*.
hida, e.g. wait till you are self-laudation, n. kirari.
 sell 217 separate

sell,tr. V. sayas, sayar^ and 2. (signification) see mean-

when followed by an object ing,
saida or sayas da, saishe, senseless, adj. (stupid, foolish)
sawOy talla ; the last also esp. maras-hankali, mayagachi ',

of having or exposing on or (insensible, unconscious) see

for sale, e.g. good camels are seq.
to-day selling in the market senses, n. (the faculties of
rakumma nagargaru ana sa- sensation) hankali, e.g. he is
I yar da su yau chikin kasuwa in a faint and senseless but
in the sense of consenting to
I in a little while he will come
ij s. the pass, of sallama is often to his s. again shina suma
[( used, e.g. I agree to s. =I hankalinsa kurva ya bache
li let it go or you can have it ammajima kadan hankalinsa
a sallame shi ; it is unsaleable zai komo kuma gare shi.
ya ki sayuwa. sensible, adj. (prudent, intelli-
seller, n. mai-saida, pi. tnasu- gent) mai-hankali.
saida. sensibly, adv. (with good
selling, saisuwa,buying and s. sense) da hankali.
'

saya da sayarwa. sent, pass, particip. aikakke,

send, tr. v. aika^ aike, which fem. aikakka, pi. aikakku
also — to s. forth, from or to one s., n. ma-aika, manzo
to s. to where the speaker is one s, from God rasulu*,
spec,
aiko, (with a person only as sentence, n. (judicial decision)
obj., lit. to rouse up, to start) shari^a ; to pass s. yin shari'a.
tclda, e.g. I sent a messenger sentinel, n. gdta, pi. gataye,
na tdda manzo to s. back ; hage.
mayas da, mayar da, yarda sentry, n., see prec.
to s. away tayas da; to sentry-post, mahdga (S.).
cast, throw, e.g. a bullet separate, adj. bamham, akebe,
e.g. from that bamham
s.

sending, n. aike. daga wanchan.

senna, n.Jllasko*. separate, v. 1. tr. rdba and
sense, n. 1. (i.e. good s., rdbi*, rabda, rabshe, kebe,
understanding) hankali ; a kebanche, kebanta, wdre.
man of s. mutum mai- 2. intr. rdbu; to s. ivomzau-
hankali. da* ; separating bambarmva.
separated 218 seventeen

separated, pass, particip. ra- concr. divine s. (public wor-

babbe, fern, rababba, pi. ra- ship) salla.
babbu. servitude, n., see slavery.
separately, adv. (Mki ddki. sesame, n. ridi, lidi.

separation, n. rdbo^ rdbuwa, set, tr. V. (gen. to place) sd',

baran-baran. intr. (of the sun) fadi, e.g.

serene, adj., see calm, clear, the sun s. rana ta fad%\
quiet. combinations of to s. with
serious, cf. the matter has particles, etc. are : to s. apart
become s. magana ta bunkdsa. from raba, to s. aside (to

Serjeant, saje*, reject) ki, to s. aside (to

sermon, n. wa^azi. omit for the present) bariy

serpent, n., see snake. bar ; to s. by and to s. down

serval-cat, rabji, rabbi. (e.g. on the ground) aje ; to

servant, n. (not slave) bdra, s. forth (to exhibit, state)

fern, barany a or barainya, gay a to s. up tayas, kafa, to s.

;

pi. bdrori and pi. of multi- upon (to assault) yin firmaki)
tude bdruwa or barwa, which he is s. upon ana yi da shi.
implies a large number such setting, the s. of a fractured
as a king would have, clan limb dori ; a bone setter

daki a female s. maaikiya

; ;
mai-dori.
s. of God bawan Allah (lit. settle, V. 1. tr. (gen. to ar-
slave of God). range, set right) gyara; (to
serve, v. 1 (of one not a slave)
. pay, liquidate) biya, e.g. I

yin barantdka. settled the debt 7ia biya

2. (of a slave) yin bauta basJii ; he settled the dispute
this is also the proper term ya raba gardama.
(as the more respectful) for 2. intr. (to alight, or to

to s. God or to s. false gods. fix one's habitation or stay)

service, n. 1. gen. ibdda.
2. (of one not a slave) seven, card. num. bakwai; s.
barantdka, that of a slave times sau bakwai by sevens ;

being bauta (servitude, sla- bakwai bakwai ; s. thousand

very), hence its use as given saba'a.
in prec. 2. seventeen, card. num. goma
3. (relig.) s. of God ibdda; sha bakwai, sha bakwai.
seventh 219 shamelul

seventh, ord. num. na-bakwai, wache, ivalwanche, warwache ;

fern, ta-hakwai. to s. to and fro yin reto, yin
seventh, ones, part subu'i. shillu ; to s. violently jijiga.
seventieth, ord. num. na- 2. intr. motsa, also fig. in
sabain, fem. ta-sabain. the wider sense of being
seventy, card. num. saba'in. agitated, influenced, moved,
sew, tr. V. dumke, dunke, duni- e.g. whole multitude
the
ka or du7nk% Idfe. were shaken at the news of
sewing, n., s. at edge of a war taro duka ya motsa da
garment tindumi v., to darn ; labarin yaki ; to s. (as to
or tack in s. yin Icdabtu s. ; tremble, shiver, shudder with
thread mandawari. cold, etc.) raura.
sh! n. (the sound of hissing) shaken, pass. part, gilgizazze,
shishita. fem. gilgizazzaya, pi. gil-
shackle, v. sd with seq. and gizazzu.
ma, e.g. we shackled them shaking, n. (or trembling)
mun sa ma su malwa ; let him raurawa ; s. hands ban han-
be shackled a sa masa gigar. nu, masdfilia.
shackles, n. malwa, marwa, shall, aux. V. 1. (of futurity)
gigar, see also fetters. za, what s. I do now?
e.g.

shade, n. inuwa ; a broad s. mi za ni yi yanzu 1

inuiva m,ai-fadi ; to enjoy 2. (of obligation), see
the s. of sha inuwa. must, necessary.
shadow, n. inuwa, e.g. a man shallow, adj. bn, (or babu)
does not leave his s. behind zurfi, ba mai-zurfi.
him 7)iutum, bai bari ba inuwa shambles, n. wurin fawa.
tasa ga baya. shame, n. kumya (S.), kunya
shake, v. 1. tr. gilglza, girgiza, (K.), fulako ; the parts of s.

yin shillu, rauda, e.g. he aVaura to ; feel s. jin kumya ;

shook his head ya rauda kai to put to s. sa [ba and bada)

nasa the head in token
; to s. kumya, kum^yata, kum,yache,
of assent kdda kai to s. as ; e.g. he put him to open s. ya sa

in winnowing tankade, m,otsa; shi kumya (a bude or) a sarari.

to s. off, e.g. dust kalkada, shameful, adj. na kum,ya, da
kalkade, kankade, karkade kumya ; a s. thing abin
and kakkabe ; to s. out wal- kumya.
shameless 220 shed

shameless, adj. da kwarkwasa, shave, v. (with razor) aski^

shdkiyi, maras-kumya, babu aske, aska, and yin aski.
kumya. shaving, verbal n., spec. s. the
shamelessness, n. kolkosa^kor- front of head or so as to
kosa, shdkiyanchi, walle. leave only a tuft on top of
shape, n. (form) kama, si/a. head kwam.be s. one side of ;

shape, tr.v. (to fashion, create), the head by a woman as sign

see make 1. of sorrow faskare ; baldness
share, n., see part, portion. caused by s. kundumi ; s.

share, tr. v., see divide spec, ;

the whole head or s. in two
to invite to s. in one's food longitudinal lines each side
chuna; to s. a house tara crown sariya.
of the
gida; a room shared with shavings, of wood totuwa.
another dakin taraiya; one shawl, made in strips, n. al-

who shares abokin taraiya. killa.

sharing, (i.e. possessing in she, pers. pron. fern. 1. separate

common) taraiya (K.), tare- and emphatic ita, e.g. it is s.

wa (S.). ita che.

sharp, adj. 1. (having a fine 2. in combination with
edge) da kaiji, da chabi. verbs ta, e.g. s. saw him ta

2. (finely pointed) da teini, gan shi, the woman said no

mai-tsini. mache ta che a'a.

sharp, to be chabe, kaifafa. shea-butter, n. dankon ka-

sharpen, tr. v. wdsa^ yin danya ; the s.-b. tree kor
wa^hi, chaba, ddda, yin dddi, danya ; fruit of the s.-b. tree
fika^ feke, kaifafa, gyarta, kdde.
e.g. let this knife be sharp- sheaf, n. (also bundle of any-
ened a wdsa wukagga ; it is thing) ddme, ddmi, pi. damnia;
sharpened ta wasw, to s. a spec. s. of arrows shiba*.
sword koda. shear, tr. v. yi7i sosaiye.

sharpening, wdshi. shearing, verbal n. sausaye.

sharpening swords, a tool sheath, n. (for knife, sword)
for, n. magagari. kube.
sharper, a dan tugu. shed, n. rumbu, rumpay rumfa,
shatter, tr. v. (mtens.)/ar/asha pi. rumfuna, rinfa (K.), esp.
or palpashe. used of a s. or booth in a
 221 shirt
shed

temporary light and heat) inutva, (a

market-place; a
s. hukka, pi. bukkoki, am- place of refuge) gidari chira,

buta, ddbi a cattle s. garke,

;
wurin chira-, a rough grass
garge (S.), zauren shanu. s. sangaya.
v. (to pour out or shepherd, n. makiyaye, ma-
shed, tr.

down) zuba, zubo ; to s. tears kyayi, pi. makiyaya or ma-

yin hawaye. kyaya (S.).

tumdki a sherd, of pots, etc. n. katanga,

sheep, tumkiya, pi. ;

with two wattles hanging tsingaro (S.), sakaina, pi.

s.

from lower jaw tumkiya mai- sakaniu.

lawaye (or mailayu). shield, n. gen. garkuwa, pi.

sheep-fold, n., see fold, garki, garkinne, kariya, also

sheet, n. (of paper) taba'al in a loose sense (lit. battle

takarda ; a winding s. likka- equipment) kayan ddga\ spec.
fani, kafan. a large round s. made of
sheikh, shaihu. skin kutvfdni a large white ;

shelf, a alkuki* ; rope support- oblong s. like that of the

ing a s. ragaya, pi. ragayu Zulus, usually carried by high
'

a s. made with mud zaga. officials kwangara ] a small

shell, n. (hard covering of s. kunkeli; a s. made of

fruit, eggs, etc.) kwasfa, kos- skin makdri, dangi ;

a s.
;

''
or kosfoji, made from the skin of the
fa, pi. kwasfofi
'
kwanso, e.g. break the nut, white oryx ivahmji, warwaji,
and peel off the s. ka kariye pi. walwazoji.
gujiya ka bare kwasfa s. of ; shin-bone, kwabri, kobri,

snails katantanwa, alkoto, kwauri (K.), pi. kivabruka,

alkwato, sl mussel s. makan- kwobruka, kobruka.
kari ; s. of a tortoise kwariya shine, intr. v. ba (or bada)
\\

(K.), kwachiya (S.). haske, haskaka; the lightning

shell, tr. V. (to take off the shines brighter than the sun

»'
> peel or shell) bare, feke (S.), walkiya ta fi rana haske ; the
yinfira {ov fira). sun is shining ana rana.

shell-fish, an edible, n. kumba, shining, adj. mai-haske.

pi. kumbuna or kumbobi, shirking, n. bahilchi.
1|
™ kumbai. shirk work, v. huji, see idle,
shelter, n. (protection from shirt, n. tufa, tu/uwa, pi. tu/qfi

¥
shiver 222 shoulder

or tufoji worn under the gown; 3. of plants to s. or s. forth

a shirt with narrow sleeves yin tqfo, sumbula.

aganiya, riga, pi. riguna, shooting, n. (the killing of
which sometiDies=a large s. ;
game) farauta ; to go s. yin
a small s. ya-chiki an inside, ; farauta.
pleated kwakwata ; a s.
s. shooting star, n. mashin tam-
without arms hinjima, hi- raru.
jima; a s. like a tobe but shoots, of plants yabainya.
smaller with short sleeves shopkeeper, sambani, see

tdgo (S.), pi. taguwa

tagogi, trader.
(K.), pi. taguwoyi; a s. worn shore, gdba, gdchi, see bank.
by women shay a a quilted ; short, adj. 1. (of length) gdjere,
s. of mail worn by horse fem. gdjera and gdjeriya, pi.

soldiers lijidi, lifdi. gdjeru, also karami (lit.

shiver, (to tremble, shudder) small), cf. guntu; s. sighted
firgita^ firgiche, raura. garara; to give s. measure
shivering, n. makarkata. bante, tsakare.
shoe, n. takalmij pi. takalma, 2. (of time) kadan^ e.g. a
wuji*^ vmpi* he took
; off s. while J/ma kadan.
the s. ya Jitas da takalmi ; a short of, fall, intr. v. kdsa^
s. strap ma-hallin takalmi; gdza^ e.g. thy days are num-
spec, small s. worn inside bered, thou canst not pass
boots sufadu, pi. svfadai; them nor come s. of them
two odd shoes gamin hauta. kwanukanka madudai ne ba
shoot, V. 1. tr. (to hit with a ka wuche su ba ka kdsa
shot, etc.) halhiy harbi ; e.g. su.

he was shot aka halhe shi da shortness, n. gajarta, gajerta^

bindiga (if with an arrow da hilafa*.

kihiya); cf. the leopard is shot, n. (ball, bullet) harsashe,

hard to s. dam,isa da wiiyan yahaya*.

halhewa; to s. towards the shoulder, n. kafada, pi. kafa-
speaker halbo, past particip. duj kafadodiy kanfdle (S.),

shot halbebe. karfata^ karpata (S.) ; the

2. intr. (to discharge a two last are especially ap-
gun) halbi bindiga or buga plied to the shoulders of

bindiga. animals, the part from the

 shout 223 side

^1
s.to the elbow damtse, pi. shudder, intr. v. raura.
damutsa or damatsu. shuddering, tsika.
shout, n. i/?/, wu, guda see cry. ; shun, tr. v., see avoid.
shout, intr. v. yin ifu. shut, tr. V. rufe, ruji or r*/e,
shouting, sowa, sowwa there ; sdda^ e.g. let not the door be
fj
was s. ana sowa much s. ; s. kada a rufe kofa ; to s. a
sowa sowa. box, door, etc. yane ; to s. up
shove, tr. v., see push. sada, turhude.
show, n. (ornamental display) shuttle, n. masaka, koshiya ;
ado. the sliding wooden cylinder
show, tr. V. (to point out an which works longitudinally
object, also to inform, ex- in thes. kwarkwaro.

plain) ywada, goda, 7iuna, shy, v., of a horse haude.

nuni, e.g. he showed me it. sick, adj. da chiwo, marili*
showing, verbal n. in both one who is s. mai-chiwo, pi.
nunawa.
senses of prec. masu-chiwo, maras-lajiya, ma-
shrew-mouse, with bad odour jinachi, majinyachi, maji-
jaba. yachi.
'

shrike, n. hamhami ; helmet s. sick, be, V. 1. (to be in bad

kare-dangi. health) jin (or yin) chiwo,
shrink, intr. v. (from cold, also da chiwo with forms in
etc.) firgita ;
(to shrivel up) na, e.g. he is s. shina da
'
takura ; to s. from toge ma chiwo.
'
they shrank from him sun 2. (to feel nausea) jin
kare da shi. kumallo.
shrinking, tsika. sickle, a small semicircular s.,

shrivel, intr. v. yin yaushi, n. lauje, laushe (Zanf.), ma-

kandare ; it shrivels up ya
yi yaushi. sickness, n. chiwo, chiwuta,
shrivelling, n. yaushi. chiwurivuta, jinya, jinya-jin-
shroud, n. likkafani. ya; the following words desig-
shrub, n., see kaikaya, yadia, nate special forms (a cold) :

biyarana,Jidali, etc.; a shrub mdjina (a fainting tit)

; fal-
forming hedges (Jatropha fada (pestilence, plague) al-
;

curcas) bi-ni-da-zugu, chi-7ii- loha, bala'i (vomiting) amai.

;

da-zugu. side, n. 1. gen. waje, pi. wajeje

sieve 224 silent

one on this and one on s. 2. (the act of seeing, also

the other daya ga wajen
s. view) ido, gani thus, in the
nan daya ga wajen chan ;
s. of all men idon duniya ;

from this s. (of a room, glen, the s. of her will console them
etc.) even to that s. ddga ganinta zai ma su hankuri;
sassan nan har ga sassan the s. of them made every-
chan; the right s. wajen body laugh ganinsu ya sa
dama, dama the left s. ; koivanne dariya dim (or ;

wajen {hauni or) hagum^ dimness of) s. hamharokai -,

hagum, hayun; s. of a body one who has defective s.

(also = edge) kauye the s. ; garara.

or edge of a stream kauyen sign, n. gen. shaida, pi. shai-
ruwa. dodi, which also = s. or
2. s. of the body (esp. mark made by one who
between the bottom of the cannot write his name;
ribs and the thigh-bone) (important or wonderful
kwibi; s. (rib) of an animal token, intimation) alama
awaza, pi. awazzai; on one often pronounced halama, ]

s. a kauye. pi.alamomi aya, pi. ayoyi,

;

sieve, n. rariya, rairaya^ le- nuni a s. adduced or ap-

;

leya* \ a vessel with holes pealed to as a reason ori

used as a coarse s. tu- authority dalili.
|

kunya, mataxihiyaf mararaki, signet, n. mataushin watika;

7narari* a s. used for sepa-
; s. ring zohen shaida. '

rating gold from sand, etc. silence, n. shiriyu, shiru, shiyu,

matankadi. shuru or shu, kurum, kawai,
sift, to tache, tankade or yin kurumta, kurumchi, zugum
tankade, bakache. (S.); in s. shiriyu, kunim,
sigh, n. sheda, pi. shedodi. e.g. leave them in s. a har m

sigh, intr. v. yin sheda, sinihi*, kurum to keep s. yin katcai

;

sinishi*. he kept s. ya ja hakinsa.

sighing, n. ajiyar zuchiya. silence, to kawaita.
sight, n. 1. (the faculty of silent, adj. kawai or kauwai,'
vision) no precise equivalent, jurum.
turn, e.g. he lost the s. of silent, to be, v. shiriyu, ku-
his eye idonsa ya hache. rum and kawai with yi or
 silently 225 sink
the forms in
n«, e.g. be 2. conj. of time (after that,
silent ka yi shiru, kame
!
from the time that) tun day
hakinka we were s. mun yi we
;
e.g. s. learnt that he was
kurum he is s. shina kurum
; an infidel tu7i da mun sani
or shina yin kawai. shi kafiri ne.
i silently, adv. shiru, 3. adv., long s. tun dade,
silk, rdharini, sirki*, adnlashi tun dadewa, tuntuni, tuni
;

a cord or chain of s. siliya, how long s. ? tun yaushe ? e.g.

pi. and siliyoyi.
siliyu how long s. did you learn
silk cotton tree, n. rimi, Hausa? tun yaushe ka koyo
rini; red-flowered s. c. t. Hausa 1
gurjiya; the seed of the 4. conj. (because) don,
s. c. t. guriya (S.), anguriya zama, e.g. they cannot move
(K.).
since they are lifeless ha su
silken, adj. na alharini. iya yin motsi ha don ha su
silkworm, a species of, n. da 7'ai.
tsamiya. sincere, adj., see honest.
silly, adj., see fool, foolish, sing, V. yin waka.
silver, n. dzur/a.
singe, to hahhake.
silver, adj. na-azur/a, fern, ta- singer, a mounted hamhade,
azurfa. pi. hamhadawa.
similar, adj., see like, single, adj. hardhara ; a s. one
similar, to be, v. daidaiche, of a pair, of which one has
see under like, been lost kangarwa', see
similitude, n. misali ; to speak alone, one.
by a s. yin misali. singly, adv., e.g. question them
i3in, n. zmiufi, zunubi, laiji, pi. s. (one by one) ka tambaya
laifufuka, kuskuri* ; to com- su daya daya, see also alone,
mit s., see seq. singular, adj. mufivradi, see
3in, intr. v. yin zunubi (or plural,
zunufi), yin laiji. sink, n. (a place of filth, also
since, 1. prep, (after, from the fig.) saiga, pi. salgagi.
time of) tun, e.g. s. your sink, V.
1. intr. (to go under
;

birth Urn haifuwarka ; s. the water) nutsa (K.), 7iuta (S.),

commencement of the war nutse, nitso, ninkdya, e.g.
tun faratvar yaki.
,
the boat is sinking jirigi
R. H. D.
15
sinless 226 skin

shina nutsa; to s., i.e. to fall, sixty, card. num. sitthi ; also

e.g. of a raan wounded or of gomiya shidda.

the sun descending fadi. size, n. girma employed thus:
2. (to subside) kd/e. its fruit is large in s. diyata
3. tr. (to immerse) nuche, suna da girma ; the s. of the
nutse ; spec, to s. a well gina jerboa exceeds that of the
rijiya. mouse kurege ya fi hera gir-
sinless, adj. maras-laifi. ma to become (or grow) large
;

sinner, n. mai-zumibi. in s. yin girma.

sip, n. guwa; to take one s. skewer, tsinken 7iam,a ; to fix

sha daya. on a s. soke a tsinke, tslre*,

sip, V. kurha, done.

sipping, n. kurhi. skilful, adj. (in an art, etc.)

sister, n. shikikiya, zumniya goni, gwani, gwanaye^ mai-

(S. and Daura), (usually = gwani; (in artifice) mai-
younger s.) kanuwa ; elder s. wayo, pi. masu-wayo, (esp. in

ya. war) gardaye.

sit, intr. V. (also to s. down) skilfully, adv. gwan% da gwani,
zamna or zauna', to s. on da wayo, da duhara.
the ground with legs crossed skill, n. (in an art or profession)

and elbows on knees gishhi- gwani, gwaninta; (in arti-

kida, kishinkida, gijirta ; to fice) wayo (in contrivance,;

s. with outspread legs tagan- resource) dabdra or dubdra;

gana ; to s. at ease mimike (with implication of oppor-
to make to s. down zamshe tunity and readiness) tsa-

a sitting place mazauni, ma- raji*.

zamni. skim, tr. v. (milk) ydde, kwcd/e,

site, n. wuri, pi. wtirare ; to kolfe.

mark out a s. sha nmri. skimming, of milk kwalfa,

six, card. num. shidda; s. kolfa.
times, adv. sau shidda', by skin, n. gen. fata, pi. fatuna,

sixes or s. each shidda shidda. pdta, fiska \

(hide) kildgo, pi.

sixth, adj. na-shidda, fern, ta- kilagai ; kilaho, agalemi, lan-

shidda ; one-s. part sudusi*. gabu* ; s. after tanning kir-
sixtieth, ord. num. norsittin, gi; cast s. of serpent swaba
fern, ta-sittin. or saba, zana: he casts his
skin 227 slavery
s. ya yi swaba ; a s. bag or slash, tr. v. (to cut by striking,
bottle salka, pi. salkuna; a i.e. not by drawing the edge
s. used for drawing water along, which is yanka) sare.
from well guga; a covering slaughter, tr. v. yanka or
of skins tunhu a s. wrapper ;
yanke, karkdshe, kakkdshe
ivalki. to s. animals yinfauta.
skin, tr. V. kware, kwari,feda, slaughter-house, n. wiirin
fede : see also flay, fawa, mahauta.
skink, banded s. (Scinopus slaughtering, n.fawa.
fasciatus) damatsiri, tama- slave, n. bawa, fern, baiwa,
tsiri (S.) red-bellied (Ma-
; s. bauya, boy a (S.) or bawuya*,
buia Perrotteti) kulba.
pi. bayi or bai ; spec, chief
s.
skip, V. (to spring along
or of a king kackalla, yari ; a
over lightly) bira (to pass
; female s. baiwa (as above),
over without reading passages
kuyanga or ktviyanga, pi.
in a book) chingara, tsdlache.
kuyangai, kuyangi; yan tu-
skipping, tscdle. rdka, (also con cubine)mc^a/^a,
ikull, n. kwalluwa, kwakwa- kwarakwara or kwarkwara,
lutva, kollo,kwanya, kwanyan bawan gida; the son of a
kai, kashin kai (lit. bone of s. but free bachucheni, di-
the head). majo; a s. the offspring of
kunk, a kind of tunku^ see a negro father and Tuarek
under cat.
mother buzu as. who begs ;

ky, n. sdma^ pi. samaniya or mauro; a s. about 14 years

sammai, duniya, gari*. old magudanchi, mugudanchi,
lacken, v. 1. see loosen. pi. magudantai; a strong s.
2. tr. V. (to relax, mitigate) kato, fern, katuwa; a run-
ragi or rage; intr. (to be
away s. gujajje* ; a s. holder
relaxed, mitigated) ragu, e.g.
mai-bawa; a s. raiding ex-
the heat of the fire slackened pedition samame^ sMri ; v.
zafiii wuta ya ragu. to free a yanchi;
s. a s.
ackness, sainyin jiki. raider mahdri.
.ander, chimbaya, tsurutu (S.), slavery, n. bauchi, bauta, ba-
hardi.
watichi; liberation from s.
anderer, maradi. dvyauchi or diyancki; re-
ap, V. kalle.
demption from s. /ansa
15—2
slay 228 slip

usually pronounced pansa; sleight of hand, daho.

to redeem from s. yin/ansa, slender, lange lange, see lean
hada (or ha) diyauchi, e.g. slice, a gunduwa.

he freed them from s. ya slide, intr. v., see slip.

hada su diyauchi. slight, adj., see thin.
slay, tr. v., see kill. slight, tr. V. rmia, rairia.
sleep, n. harchi, kwana, kwan- slim, shallali.
chiya; the last s. (death) sling, v., to s. anything ovei
makarin harchi. the shoulder sdha.
sleep, intr. v. harchi with yi sling, n. hindo, elawa, maja^
or forms in na, also kwana jaiwa, majejawa, majaujawa
or kwanche ; the former refer majujawa] sword s. hamila
rather to the physical con- a s. for carrying a child oi
dition, the latter convey also the back gumya.
the idea of reposing, lying slinging, ragaya, rataya.
down to s., e.g. we did not slip, n. (loss of foothold by
hear the howling of the dogs, sliding) samtsi, santsi, sand
we were sleeping ha mu ji (S.) ; to make a s. yin sam\
ktikan karnuka muna harchi ;
tsi, ym he

we slept at that place mun made a s. ya yi samtsi.

'

kwana a tvurin nan ; sleep- slip, intr. V. 1. (to lose foot

ing kwantawa^ kwanchiya hold by sliding) samtse, yi',

cf. my foot has gone to s. samtsi, yin talalabiya, gwol

mijiriya ta kama kafata. chi, tuzga, tuzge, rabkana
sleepiness, gyangyadi to
n. ; rafkama ; the last also = to s

be overcome by s. yin gyan- into, e.g.he slipped into th

gyada. well ya gwahche chiki^i rijiya
sleeping-place, n. makwanche to s. as in soft mud kajiya.

spec. s.-p. (e.g. in a tree) 2. (to escape hold) kubch

affording protection from wild sumhule ; of things, e.g. th

beasts saura*. sword slipped from my gras

sleeping sickness, hamota. takohi ya kuhche daga hat
sleeve, n. hdnnu or hdnnun nuna ; of persons (to leav
riga; a sleeve-knife the or get away easily fror

blade of which worn along

is companions, etc.) zuke, rahn

or up the s. wukar hdnnu. to try to s. out (used of a

 slipperiness 229 smoke
animal in a trap) kubche- smart, a s. fellow ddje, fern.
kubche; of a knot to s. ddjiya, pi. dazoji.
sumhule. smash, tr. v. (to break to
slipperiness, n. samts% santsi, pieces with
violence) far-
sandi (S.), samche, sulbi, tala- fasha, palpashe, ribde, ri/de,
labiya. rubde, rugunguza*, murtsuke.
slippery, adj. dasamtsi, see slip, smashed, particip. pass, mur-
slipping down or out, parti- jaje, fem. murjajiya, pi. mur-
cipial n. sumbulewa. jaju; murtsukakke, pl.murtsu-
slit, n., as. in a seam bardka kakku.
a s. in a stick gebe*. smear, tr. v. (e.g. with oil)
slit, tr. V. keta.
shdfa, shdfe, yafa*.
slough, n. (cast skin of ser- smell, n. (odour), an agreeable
pent) swaba or saba to cast kamshi;
;
s. a bad s. doyi,
a s. yin swaba. dwai, wardi*
wari, s. of ;

slow, adj. (one who goes slowly dam^^Jumfuna an evil s. as ;

or deliberately) mai-nauwa. of putrefying animal bodies

slowcoach, madudu (S.), see karni, kazni, kauri.
idle,
smell, tr. V. 1. (to perceive by
slowly, adv. sannu-sannu; very the sense) ji, sunsuna, e.g.
s. sannu-sannu.
I s. the scent of lions na
^slumber, n. and v., see sleep, ji warin zakoki.
sleepiness, 2. (to s. at with the intent
slush, tabo, chabi, potopoto.
to enjoy or test) shaka (S.)
sly, adj. da wayo, mai-wayo, or sheka (K.) ; to emit a bad
pi. masu-wayo see skilful,; s. yin doyi.
small, adj. karami, fern, kara- smelt, tr. v. narke.
ma, karamiya, karamu,
pi. smile, yin murmushi,
intr. v.
ka7ika7ie,iem. kankanuwa, pi. yin mulmushi.
kankana, ka^iana; smallest smite, tr. v., see strike, kill,
aukc* anything s., n. kima, smith, n., see blacksmith,
abuhika, kusugu* s. quantity ; smithy, mdkera.
oikarunchi; s. money (shells) smoke, n. hayaki; spec. s. of
yaskan kurdi (S.). a conflagration turnuka.
•mall-pox, n. dgana, ado, zan- smoke, v. 1. (to emit s.) yin
-<'na, karambo, yar-rani. hayaki.
smooth 230 snore

2. (to s. tobacco) shan taha. s. about 18 inches long dan

smooth, adj. da {samtsi or) magurji ; a puff adder kasa ;

santsi, nani. a long, slender, light-coloured
smooth, tr. V. (of wood, by s. kivakiya a python mesa,
;

paring, shaving) sassaka, sab- tnuluwa* ; a short black and

che, sabta, sanche ;
(by daub- white viper gajera, kubu-
ing, plastering, etc*) ydba; buwa* ; a harmless s. sha-
to rub s. darje. nono; a yellow viper with
smoothed, particip. adj. (by flat head injihau, tsada-raki

plastering, etc.) yababbe^ fem. a poisonous s. sanadi ; a brown

yahabba, pi. yababbu. harmless s. which comes out
smoothly, adv. sansamtsa*, at daylight tafi ga rana; a
sarr*. large spotted s. tandara; a
smoothness, n. samtsi, santsi, large s. uwayara; a plant
samche. used as antidote to s. bite
snail, n. katantanwa, alkoto*. filasko ] a s. charmer gardi,
snail shell, alkoto (S.), pi. gardawa; turde, pi. tur-

snake, n. machiji, fem. 'tna- dawa or turdodi', a s. skin

chijiya, pi. machizzai, igiyar swaba or saba, zana*, a water
kasa, sago (S.) ; names of s. ani.
different species many of snare, n. hako, pi. hakoki,
which await identification tarko; to lay a s. yin hako:
are a small s. with a tail
: a bird s. asuta, asibta.
which resembles a second snatch, tr. v. kwache, karba,
head and a double mouth karbi, amshi, Jisge or fusge \

bida; a s. which spits like spec, to s. goods wasashe ; to

a cat dan mussa; a green s. with violence rupta, rupto.

s. (Philothamnus semivarie- snatcher, n. mai-kwachewa.

gatus) damatsiri, danyen chi- snatching, wasoso, wasaso.
yawa; a black s. masasau; sneeze, intr. v. atisha; sneeziug
a black cobra from 14 inches atishawa, furji.
to 6 ft. in length without spec- sniff, V. sheka, shaka; to s. up
tacles kumurchi, kwamarchi (for the purposes of smelling)

another species of cobra gam- id.

sheka, gamshika, or tamatsiri snore, intr. v. 7ninshari, han-

(in S. this = a skink) ; a black sari, 7idsari, hansdri, givarti.
 snort 231 sojourn

snort, to sheka hiska. phasise the notion of con-

snow, talji* (Ar.). tingency ko (used as a prefix),
snuff, n. (powdered tobacco) e.g. where? ina; wheresoever
(jarin tdba, tahan hanchi ; ko ina who? which ? what ?
;

taking s. shekawa. wa, ivanne', whosoever, which-

snuff, v., see sniff, soever, whatsoever koiva, ko-
snuff-box, n. hatfM, pi. hattochi. wanne, e.g. whomsoever you
so, adv. (thus) hdka, hdkanan^ find seize him kowanne .ka
e.g. or is it not so? ko ha samu ka katna shi.
hdka ba ? so it is shi ke nan soft, adj. (e.g. of mud, dough,
kdza, or kdza da kdza is etc., also of cloth) da tafshi^
often used in a less demon- da tabshi, da taushi, da lau-
strative sense and when shi*, labu-labu ; to be or be-
something is referred to not come s. yin tapshi, yin ka-
named = so and so, e.g. he bushi ; of ripe fruit yin tabo
did so and so ya yi abu kdza (or tambo), e.g. the date is
; s.
wane is similarly used of dabino ya yi tabo.
persons, e.g. where is so and soften, tr. v. ym tafshi,
so ? ina wane about so much ; zabki.
kwatanchin kaza so, express- ; softly, lako-lako, sdko-sdko.
ing doubt or some surprise, softness, kabushi, tabo, tapshi,
so ! to; so it is ana nan ; so tafshi, tabshi, taushi, laushi*.
that, see under that ; so soil, n. 1. (ground, land) kdsa,
then (therefore), see there- kdsashe, kdsaisai
pi. ; very
fore, hard s. tsandauri.
soap, n. sabuni (S.), sabulu 2. see dirt,
(K.), toka\ spec, a superior dauda.
soil, tr. V. yi7i
kind of s. used for washing sojourn, n. (temporary stay)
the face sabunin sdlo. zama, e.g. how have you
socket, n. kwarmi, pi. kwarmu^ been faring during your s.
gwarmi ; s. of the eye gurbin in this town? ina zaman
ido; prov. the s. of the eye gari ?

is not the eye itself gurbin sojourn, intr. v. (to make a

ido ba ido ne ba. stay) zamna, zauna, e.g. we
sodomy, ludu, lutsu. sojourned there twelve days
soever, affix to words to em- niun zamna nan kwana goma
sojourner 232 sonship

ska biy2i, shida or shide (lit. wansu; wait, I have some-

to alight at a place). thing to say bari ina da wani.
sojourner, mai-zamna, pi. mch 2. wani is also used to
su-zamna. express the correlatives s.

Sokoto, the town of Sakwato one... another, pi. s.... others,

or Sakkwato. also s s., e.g. s. one said

solder, a sort of, (sal-ammonia) yes, another said no wani ya

sinddari (S.), shinddari (K.), che i wani ya che a'a.
sunddari. somersault, the act of turn-
soldier, n. mdyaki, mdyaka^
pi. ing zuragadauniya, juyeu-
dan yak% pi. yayan (or yan) mdsa (see under mdsa).
yaki askar^ pi. askarawa
; sometime, adv. wani yayi.
spec. as. of a king's body- son, n. da^ connective dan, pi.

guard dogari, dakdre, dakdra, yaya, ya, connective yayan

pi. dakdru ; a foot s. dun kasa and yan, e.g. first-born s. da
foot-soldiers coll. kirma, sa- nafari ; the s. of Amina dan
ati^ see guriguri^ Amina (i.e. Mohammed)
sole, n. (of the foot) sau, sawu, used as an expression of
sauwcmvai, pi. sauwuna, ma- regard, e.g. my s. da7ia; s.

taki, pi. matakai, tdjin kdfa. of my mother (i.e. friend)

sole, adj. makadaichi, muka- dan uwana ; also used (as at
daichi, s. in its idiomatic times in English) to expr'^ss

use, however, is best ex- contempt or aversion, e.g. s.

\

pressed by means of sai, e.g. of the ignorant (heathen)

his s. request was this ba ya dnn jahili (stronger than
roko ha sai wannan-, our s. jahili alone) ; s. of the wicked
food is guinea-corn abinchi dan mazugu.
7iamu sai dawa. song, n. waka, pi. wakoki, wake-
solely, adv., see alone. wake, sara, wasa ; v., to sing
solid, adj. (sound, trustworthy) a s. waka with yi or the
ingatachi. forms in na, e.g. I sang them
solitary, gwabro*. a s. na yi ma su waka; to
some, 1. (used adjectivally and compose a s. id. ; a religious
pronominally) wani (often s. tsdri; foolish songs wake-
pronounced woni), fern, wata, tvaken banza.
pi. wadansu, wa^u, yasu (S.), sonship, n. diyauchi, diyanchi.
soon 233 source

soon, adv. (after a little while) sort, tr. V. (to divide, distri-
jima kadan, e.g. I shall s. bute into classes) raba; (to
return to you jima kadan ni s. out) see choose.
komo gare ku, cf. also while
; sorted, pass. part, rababbe, fem.
(in a short time, with quick- rababba, pi. rababbu.
ness) 7naza and frequently soul, n. rai, pi. rayu, kurutou,
maza maza, e.g. I will s. catch both are used of the dis-
him zan kama ski maza maza. embodied as well as the
soot, ffifin {^.),Ji7iJini(K.), kun- embodied s. ; (the seat of
kwiLuiya, kunkum,niya (S.). the mental feelings and
soothsayer, n. hoka, pi. ho-
haughty
qualities) rai, e.g. of
kaye ; to act as a s. ym duhi. da girman rai patient of
s.
;

soothsaying, n.arwa, duha. s. da sanyin rai,

sorcerer, n. maye, mayi, fem. sound, n. (e.g. of bees, a bell,

mayiya, mayya, pi. mayiv. gun, trumpet) amo ; a con-
sorcery, n. maita, dahu, daho, fused s. dumi.
kwarche (S.), sihiri, kandu, sound, adj. (trustworthy) inga
akokari, tsuhu. tachi ; s. da lafiya.
(in health)
sordid, adj., see filthy, base. sound, intr. v. yin dmo.
sore, n. kushe kushe, miki, pi. soup, n. romuwa (S.), ronio
miyaku, see ulcer, boil; s. (K.), miya, ruwan nama;
on a horse's back getsi. spec. which fura has
s. in
sore, adj., see painful. been mad e farau farau, faro
sores, pi. balli balli.
faro, ruwan fura red sorrel, ;

sorrel, red s. yakuwa. a common ingredient in s.

sorrow, n. baki7i chiki, ma- yakuwa; a herb the leaves
ydfM, see affliction, grief.
of which are used in making
sorrowful, to be, intr. sinihi. s. sure.
sorry, (distressed, pained) da
sour, adj. da tsami; to be s.
wahala; to be s. haiya; I yamama, yanyama the soup ;

am very s. ya hata ma ni has gone s. miya ta yi yami.

zuchiya or zuchiyata ta hache, source, n. (spring of water)
see grieved ; to be or feel s. idon ruwa-, s. of a river
for, see compassion. gindi; (origin, beginning
sort, n. iri, pi. irai^e, launi; mafari (of words, the primi-
;

see species. tive meaning or derivation)

sourness 234 spear

gutsu^ e.g. what is its s. ? sense wuri (place) may be

minene gutsunsal (first cause) used.
sababi, e.g. the s. of the ilhiess spacious^ adj. mai-sarari, mai-
was this sahabin chiwuta ke yalwa,
na7i. span, n. (a measure of length,
sourness, tsmni, tsamiya, yami. i.e. the space between ends
souse, tr. V. (to immerse) tso- of thumb and first finger
ma, nuche (S.), nutsa. extended) tdki, dani.
south, n. kudu, kudus, gusum, sparks, tsai'tsatsi.

tsdkar rana adv. id., e.g. ', sparrow, n., the African s.
he went s. ya tafi kudu. magwara.
southward, adj. (towards the speak, V. fdda and fddi, tmi%
s.) gusumchi, kudanchi. zantai^.), e.g. I s. the truth
sovereign, n., see king, to you ina fdda ma ku gaS'
sovereignty, n., see kingdom, kiya ;
(in the sense also of
sow, n. (female of wild swine) conversation) yin zanche ; to
gadoniya, gyadainya (S.) s. with zantad da ; to s. a
(of domestic) gursuna mache. language yin magana, e.g.

sow, tr. V. shipka, shibka, we are able to s. Hausa mu-

shuka ; a hole in which to s. na iya yin maganar Hausa
seed sdra. to s. evil of hdchi ; to s. evil

sower, n. mai-shipka, ma- of behind one's back chim-

shipki. baya to s. proudly yin raha;
;

sowing-time, n. manomi, also to s. secretl}'- or to s. in

fig., e.g. this life is a s.-t. whispers rada; speakingy«-
for the future life, ita du- dalle, see say.
niya nana che manomi a spear, n. mdshi, pi. masu-
lahira. suka, or masu ; spec, a long
space, n. (open, free room) s. not thrown kasausawa;
sarari, /age ; unoccupied sp. a small s. for throwing han-
(e.g. on the ground, etc.) kaltilo; a small s. tied to

fill, pi. filaye, kanwuri, far- wrist and which after being
fajiya, sarari, e.g. there is thrown is pulled back hargi,
no s. here for my load pi. harugga a s. or dart for
;

bohu fili a unirin nan ga catching fish hdgu, margi]

kayana; in a less precise V. to cast a s. as a sign of
spear 235 spike

declaration of war yasda (or pi. halshina, halussa (S.),

yada) mashi; s. throwing e.g. in the s. of the Fulahs
ndshi, pi. nashe-nashe. da halshen Fillani he under- ;

spear, tr. v. soka^ soke or sok'i, stands the Hausa s. ya ji

halhe^ halhiov harbi, chdke, e.g. maganar Hausa.
he speared a fish ya soka kifi. speechless, adj., see dumb,
spearman, n. mahalh% pi. ma- silent,
fialba and masu-halbi. speed, n., see haste,
species, n. iri, pi. irare, latmi, speedily, adv., see quickly,
e.g. they had collected stones soon,
of various s. suka tattara du- spell, n. (charm) magani, pi.
watsu na iri dabam daham. maganguna and magunguna.
speckled, adj. (of birds, etc) spend, tr. v. kdshe, kisa, kma^
wake-wake^ see spotted. bdtas, (with the idea of waste
specks, coll. (spots or dots, more or less implied), e.g. he
e.g. on plumage of birds) spent much money ya kdshe
zane; spec. s. in eyes of kurdidayawa; aikatada; to
blind tsauriya ; see spot. s. time samu he spent one ;

spectacles, n. (the optical month ya samu wata guda.

instrument) minzari*. spew, v. tofi, kurkure.
spectre, n.Jatalwa. sphere, azurumi^.
speech, n. 1. gen. magana, spice, hot, n. yaji, chefane
which can be used in all the (S.); cf. kula* ; spices coll.
following senses. jauwi* ; see pepper,
2. (the uttering of words) spider, n. gizo, girgizo, toto,
fadi, pi. fade-fade, fada, ja- tautau, rozo ; female s. koki ;

tvdbij e.g. he would hear my spider's web sumya, shau-

s. shi kan ji fadata ; until s. shaudo (S.), tautauchi, yana ;
be heard (i.e. is ended) har the spider's wife (in stories)
magana a ji ta ; confused, koki.
noisy s. durni. spiderwort, bulasa.
3. (uttered words and so spike, n., an iron s. tsinke,
talk, discourse) zanche, ka- chinke (S.), pi. tsinkai ; also -=

lami*j aljama, aljima,jawabi. a little s. of straw; s. for

4. (native language) hau- making holes in skin, etc.
sa*, pi. harata, halshe, harshe, tsiko, pi. tsikuna.
spill 236 splashing

spill, V. 1. tr. (to let run over) e.g. tranquillity or happiness

tuddas. of dadin zuchiya; spec,
s.

2. intr. tuda or tude. terms connected with popular

spilling, harhaduwa. superstitions are : a s. de-
spin, V. 1. tr. (to twist into scribed as having hair hang-
thread) zare, zari, yin kadi ing down its face and often
to s. yarn sabi*. appearing in trees dodo, pi.

2. intr. (to revolve) kewaye, dodani ; a s. that renders a

kewayi, e.g. the top spins ma- man mad or delirious bori;
kodi ya kewaye. evil s. said to kill mother
spinach, native s. alayafu, and child at birth uwayara ;

alayapo. an evil s. supposed to injure

spindle, n. mazari, kadamin tamarind and other trees
abduga a sort of s. made of
; doguwa; an evil s. in form
skin mataki; a mud ball on of snake gajimare ; persons
a kind of s. used in winding and esp. women possessed by
thread gululu. an evil s. masu-bori or masu-
spine, (backbone) tsatso. boli.

spinning, n. kadi, wddira*, spiritless, adj. da karamar

tcodira*. zuchiya.
spinning round, anything, n. spit, n. tsinke.
makodi, e.g. ball, top, etc. spit, V. 1. tofa, toJi,fesa, pesa,
spinster, givabruwa ; an old
n. furji, furza, kaki ; to s. out
s. tuzuruwa. tofi, tofar da, miyau, yau,
spirit, n. ruhu*, (soul of man tsalga (S.), tsalte, tsarta; to
generally, also as the seat of s. out water from the mouth
feelings, etc.) see soul, (an tsartso, see spurt.
immaterial being, as.) id. 2. see pierce.
the evil s. eblis, shaitan, she- spite, n. chegi, for s. don chegi.
tan, shaitan, shaidane, iblis spitting, participial n.fesawa,
an evil s. aljani, fem. aljana, feshi, tofi, e.g. s. accompanied
pi. aljannu, janziri*', jan- by s. of h\ood /esawan jini.
zari*, kankama, kaura ; evil spittle, n. dalele, salabi, miyau,
spirits coll. jinnu, also the yau (K.).
pi. rayuka; (a ghost) see splashing, e.g. of water bun-
spectre ; (mind) zuchiya, dum-bundum, funjum, tsin-
spleen 237 spotted

dum, pinjum, jirivaye* ; an to the leader of an expedition

exclamation descriptive of s. after a raid hamushi.
tsiU, tsulut. sponge, n., soso (K.), susu (S.),
spleen, n. (the bodily organ) i.e. the fibrous network of the
sefa^ saifa^ pi. saifofi ;
(dis- fruit of a species of gourd,
ease of the s., splenitis) the '
loofah gourd anything
'
;

chiwonsaifa; trop. (vexation) used as a s. abin shafe.

haushi, e.g. his s. was roused spool, matari.
at this yaji haushin wantian. spoon, n. (made of wood)
splendid, adj. (of dress, orna- chokali, koshiya, kwiyafa,
ments, etG.)naado,i&m. taado. kuyafa (S.) a s. used for ;

splendour, n. (of dress, etc.) measuring madebi a large ;

ado. wooden s. moda; spoons

splenitis, n., see spleen. made from pumpkin rinds
splinter, n. (e.g. in the skin) pi. luddai.
sartse. spoor, lawali.
split, n. tsdga, tsdgi. sport, n. (play, diversion) war-
split, tr. V. tsdga, keta, firda, gi; (mirth, also mirthful
farde, datse (S.), fdsa, the contempt) dariya, e.g. we
last also used of cold, faskara. made s. of him mun ba shi
splitting, 1. participial n. ke- dariya; (of the field, as
tuwa, fasawa, faskari. fowling, \miitmg) farauta.
2. adj. mai-fasawa. spot, n. tabo, pi. tabuna, tavnho
spoil, 1. tr. V. (to waste, injure) (S.), dangole ; a s. or blot, e.g.
bdta, bdchi, bdche. of ink dole, kyanda, pi. ky-
2. intr. (to be spoiled, andu, zane, pi. zane-zane ;
(a
wasted, etc. ) bdche ; of fruits, blemish in an article) aibi,
etc. (to go bad, rot) riba or aibu, pi. aibobi, sqfa7ie, pi. so-

ruba. fanai ; a s. of grease maski ;

3. n. and tr, v., see fig. (moral blemish, fault) aib%
plunder. aibu ;
(a particular locality)
spoiled, pass. part, bdtache, wuri, pi. wurare; (speckle)
fern, bdtachiya, pi. bdtattu, rodi, pi. rode-rode.
rubabbe, fem. rubahbiya, pi. spots, having s., adj. wake-
rubabbu; to be s., see spoil 2. wake.
spoils, a half share of s. paid spotted, mai-rodi.
spout 238 squatting

spout, n. mazurari. 2. of trees and plants (to

sprain, n. targade, put forth buds, leaves, etc.)

spread, tr. v. (e.g. a cloth, a tqfu, yin tqfo, yin /oge, yin
mat) shimfida intr. (to sepa- gunda, e.g. the trees s. ita^
rate, scatter) watse, wache; tuwa sun tofu ; the melon
to s. out, tr. (esp. used of sprouts kabewa tana gu7ida.
spreading out goods for sale sprouting, gauro, gyauro.
on a mat) shimfida ; to s. out spue, v., see spew.
(the legs) tantana ; to s, out spur, n. kaimi, pi. kayame; s.

wheat to dry haza ;

(to expose of a cock kafa.
to view) haydna or haiyana spur, i.e. to prick with a s.

intr. to s. out or abroad, chdchdka.

increase yado, yadu, malala^ spurs, long riding-boot with,
nasa. n. kufita or kufuta, pi. kufitai,

spring, n., of water, idon niwa^ kufutai, kubutai (S.), kuftai

rtiaroinaro, raarrmxro^ niar- (K.).
maru ; the mouth of a s. or spurt, to s. out tartso, tudas,

well bakin rijiya; for other fantsama.

senses see source. spurting, tartsatsi, tudaswa.
spring, intr. v. 1. see jump. spy, n. gdta, pi. gataye^ maje-
2. to s. or s. up out of the wayi, magewayi, pi. maje-
ground (of seeds, plants) waya.
tsira^ tsire^ tsiro, chira; (of spy, to s. or s. out jewayi,
water) balbadu, barbadu. jewaye, leka, leki, leko, yin
sprinkle, to buta, bursuna shigoro.
(K.), fantsama. spying, n. dauraro, dararo,
sprinkling, n. kurmuwa. jewaya, shigoro.
sprout, n. (of guinea-corn, etc.) square, n., a s. of men ketvanya.
karmdmi ;
(of trees) tofo, pi. squash, to (e.g. with the foot)
tofuna; spec, new sprouts latse^ lowatse.

after trees, etc. have been squat, intr. v., to s. down with
cut down kankama ; sprout- legs crossed kishinkida, gi-

ing corn yahanya. jirche (S.) ; to s. on the

sprout, intr. v. 1. (to spring ground tsugunna.
up out of the ground) tsira, squatting, n. tsugum; (the
tsiro, tsiri, see spring. body resting upon the inside
 squeeze 239 stalk
of the thighs with the feet 2. (to confuse, perplex)
splayed outwards) zaman ra- dame, ddma and pass, to be
kumi ; s. with outspread legs staggered damu.
tantana. staggering, n. (e.g. of a dying
squeeze, tr. v. mache, matse, man) magagi.
matsa, taushe (S.), tausa (K), stain, n. (colouring matter),
damfare, tsamki, tattara^ rum- e.g. a red clay used for stain-
chiy riimtse to s. a lemon, etc. ing eyelids,
;
etc. koya, kowa ;
tatsa, tatse, twatsa, twache. a red vegetable s. for the
squeezed, pass, particip. tau- teeth kuriya, see dye ;
(spot,
shashe, fern, taushashiya. blemish, fault) aibu, kufa.
squeezing, participial n. tau- stain, V. (to tinge fabrics, etc.
shAiiva; s. through a narrow
with colouring matter), see
place hokoto. dye pass, to be stained (in
;

squint, n. idon mage. a wider sense), turn by

squirrel, n. kusum-hisa ; Afri- general terms for 'change'
can flying s. heran bisa; with the appropriate com-
the spiny ground-squirrel plements, e.g. the field was
kurege.
stained with blood wurin
squirt, to tsurara.
fada ya sauya ja da jini or
stable, n. muri^ harya, mai- wurin fada sai jini; the
tivrke] and less precise (a waters were stained all red
place for horses) shamaki, ruwaye sun sauya ja ivur to ;
pi. sltamakai, shamakoki. the face
s. dambara, dan-
stable-man, n. dan muri, dambara ; esp. to s. the face
barga, birga, see also groom, blue dambara.
stack, a s. of corn matdra, staining, yanayi.
mataran hatsi. stairs, pi. n. (steps) mahayi,
staff, n. sanda, pi. sanduna; karangama ; see steps,
kulki, pi, kulake.
stake, n. rino, rinu% shishike
stagger, v. magagi 1. intr. (S.) ; a s. in gambling riko.
with forms in na, e.g. he Stalk, n. (of plants) kdra, pi.
was struck by a bullet, he karare, alkdjiya, tsirgagiya;
staggered and fell aka halbe (of corn, etc.) zangare, zan-
shi da bindiga yana magagi
garniya, pi. zangarnu, kar-
yafadi. mdmi, Jirchi ; stalks (of
stalk 240 state

beans, ground-nuts) Jiardwa ;

star, n. tami'dro, taurdr'o (Dau-
stalks of i^rass used for horses' ra), pi. tamrdru, taurdra% ;

food tattaka ; corn stalks used tatsuniya, pi. tatsuniyoyi ; |

by tanners karanddfi (S.). spec, the morning s. gam-

stalk, to s. an animal robe. zaki ; a shooting s. rnashin \

stall, n. 1. (for cattle) garke, tamraru.

pi. garkuna ; s. (or paddock) stare, n. kallo, zuru.
harga. stare, v. also = to s. at (of
2. (a stand in the market) curiosity) yin kallo, yin zuru,
rumbu, rumpa, rumfuna. pi. e.g.you keep staring at me i

stallion, ingarma
aiigarma, kafaye kallona.
mounting of a mare by a s. starling, dokin huntu ; the
nuni. glossy s. or grakle tsakwai-
stammer, intr. v. ininaj inna. kwaiwa. \

stam.mering, n. inina7i halshe, start, n. sabko, safko. I

kikiniya. start, V. 1. intr. (to move '

stam.p, n. (seal) mazub% ma- suddenly through fear, etc.)

taushin watika. razana or razani; (of a

stam.p, to down ddhe, tattaka-,
s. horse) to s. or s. back za- \

stamping down (e.g. a floor) bura ; to cause to s. zaburi ;

j

ddhe-ddhe. (of a restive horse) to s. tuma. :

stand, on which things are ex- 2. intr. (to move off, set ;

posed for sale, n., see stall 2. out) tashi, sabko, safko, sapko, \

stand, intr. v. tsayi, tsaya or yin sabko, e.g. he prepared

tsai which also = to s. up to s. ya sake tashi; tr. (to

and to s. still, e.g. s. there send off) tada, tayas da, e.g. I

till I am ready ka tsayi nan I started a messenger na j

har na yi shiri ; to cause to tada manzo. !

s. still tsaishe ; I s. upright starve, intr. v. (to perish by j

na tsaya daidai to s. by or ; starvation) mutu da yunwa. [

up for (to aid), see help. state, n. (condition) zama and j

standard, n. 1. (of proportion, zamanchi; intr. v. to come

measure), see measure. into a s. zdma, zam (S.),
2. (flag of a king) tuta, zama, e.g. he came into a \

tuti, pi. tutochi. s. of distress ya zama matsi- j

standing, tsaye. yachi. i

 state 241 stick

state, v., see narrate, stem, n. (of plants) karct, kare.

statement, e.g. before a judge stepchild, agola, pi. agololi,
hiyai/a. tahyo.
stay, intr. v. zamna, zauna, stepfather, n. uhcm rana.
i^auka: wanzu, which also step-parent, tdlafi, taulafi.
means to delay ; to s. at steps, n. mahayi, tdkawa,
a place (i.e. to rest) yi7i karangama; spec. s.formed
mugdma ; to s. at a place or of mud mataki, pi. matakai
occupation day only for a s. by which to come down
yini, e.g. there s. a day we from a place mashidi ; s.
nan mu ke yini daya; I s. placed for mounting a horse
at work the whole day ina
Hkkafa^ and likkafan doki^.
yini aiki ; a s.-at-home (per- sterile, adj., see
barren,
son) klfin Tijiya) to pro-
s.
steward, n. (manager) wakili
ceedings tsaida magana) to to act as a s. wakiJta.
cause to s. zamnas da, zamshe. stewardship, n. wakilchi.
5teal, tr. V. sache, yin sata, yin stick, n. sanda, pi. sanduna,
swane (or sane); spec, to s. kurki, kidki, pi. kulake, ku-
'

goods kwache. ina walking

; s. kandiri, kwa^
itealing, n. (theft) sata, hara- giri; (such as is used by a blind
tconchi, sane, swane, harauchi;
man) jagora, givalma a s. cut ;
i s. earnest money chin amdna; from a tree and in this sense
cattle-s. wdgi*, tvogi*. usually fern, iche or itache
tealth, he went by s. ya yi a thin bending s. tsumanjiya;
sanda. a heavy s. guduma ; a s.
tealthily, suUup.
carried by porters loko^
a ;
tealthy, s. walk as of a thief s.used for stirring soup etc.
sanda.
muchiya, ynaburgi, mabur-
team, surachi, turari. kaki (S.); a crooked s., e.g.
team-boat, n.,as.-b. is usually one used for pulling down
designated by Hausas who fruit 7'orami] a s. with a
have seen one by jirigin bent handle pauma.
icuta or jirigin hayaki; a loco-
stick, V. 1. tr. (to pierce) soka,
motive s.-engine dokin wuta.
soke or soki.
teep, tos. in water ^,9m«, tsoma.
2. intr. to stick fast (e.a
keeping, in water tsime, tsimi.
m a narrow passage) yin
R. H. D.
16
stickiness 242 stop

harankam; also s. to or to- stirrup, n. likkafa; an iron s.

gether lazumta^ lazumche, kehe* ; leather cords by which

kakkafe, like, liki, nana, see the s. hangs kinami; brass
adhere, cleave to. stirrups zarnawi.
stickiness, yauki, yapki, yabki. stock, n. (seed, kind, tribe)
stiff, to be, intr. v. gage, gaga, iri, pi. irare.

sankare, sandare, kdge, sage stockade, kdji, kahi (S.).

of skins etc. kandare (K.), stocks, e.g. a log to which a

kangare (K.), kangare (S.). recaptured slave is fastened
still, to be, intr. v. kawaita, turu.
pass, impersonal, be still ! a stolen, ktvachache ; a receiver
kawaita. of s. property dan tugu.
still-bom, haifuwa hari. stomach, tumbi, pi. tumbuna.
stilt, black-winged s. takahddo, stone, n. dutsi, duchi (S.), pi.

takabarhado (S.). duwatsu and duwarwatsi*,

stilts, kadarko*. pa (S.), pi. pdni a flat s. ;

sting, tr. V. halbi, harhi, sdra, for rolling rice on magurji ;

tdha, halle, halla. a precious yakutu*

s. a ;

stinginess, n. kalmashen zu- white s. zaura*, idon zaura ;

chiya, rowa, tsimi. a s. makodi slinging

ball ; a
sting-ray (Trygon), kundmar s. majaujawa, majajaiwa; a
ruwa. small s. burguje (S.) ; a stony
stingy, adj. dM rowa, mai- plain hamdda* ; a s. in the
rowa, bahili*. path kauwa*.
stink, n. doyi, dwai, ivari ;
stones, n. in coll. sense, small

see smell, s. tarki*, tsdkuwa ; s. col-

stink, intr. v., e.g. they s. suna lected together, e.g. round a
doyi. well marmara ; s. used as a
stinking, to become, intr. v. support magirkai*.
zama wa7^i. stool, n. kujera.
stir, V. 1. tr. (for the purpose stoop, intr. v. sunkwiya, sun-
of mixing) ruda; to s. about kuya, tsugunna ; one who
in a pot while cooking taiga, stoops dukau.
talgi, iuka. stop, full, n. kora.
2. intr. (to move oneself) stop, V. 1. tr. (to make or
yiri motsi. cause to stand still) tsaishr.
 store 243 strange
kwdbe, kwdba, kwdbo, tare, red and white s. tsagagi;
tdra; s. it with your hand the saddle-billed s. or Jabiru,
tdre shi da hannu ; to s. up jahirma; rosy s. or African
a hole like, toshe. wood-ibis tsagagi; sacred ibis
2. intr. (e.g. of one walk- jinjimi ; Hadadah ibis rara.
ing, running, etc.) tsayi, Storm, n. hddari, pi.hddara;
tsaya or tmi (to come to a whirling dust
;
s.gugmva,
an end) id., e.g. at that holoko, huluku ; a heavy rain
point it stopped daga nan s. or rain cloud zirnaniya or
ija tsaya; (of a horse etc.) zurnaniya.
zame. story, n. kariya*, tatsimiya, pi.
3. to delay ddde. tatsuniyoyi (latter also = a s.
4. to s. up dwade; stop told at night, a fireside s.),
thief! ku tdre
(to ku tdre; gdtana, riwaya (S.), aljama,
stay, stay at, etc.) see stay. aljima; an untrue s. kariya,
tore, n. 1. (a supply laid up) fira or Aim* ; the telling of
(ijiya ; a large s. of anything a s. riyaya a
; s. (told as an
fuli,jibgi.
allegory) almara.
2. (a place for storing stout, adj. 1. (of persons = fat,
things) Tumhu, rufogo, gun- of things =: thick) da kabri,
sakawa.
da kauri.
.tore, tr. v., also to s. up aje ; 2. see brave,
to s. up goods jihga to stove,
; s. n. murufu, madaji.
up treasure tarkache.
stow, tr. V. (to lay up) aje.
tore-room, n. taska, pi. tas- straight, adj. sosai, daidai*,
kaki, see store 2. e.g. they followed the s. path
:orey,upper, in a house, n. sun bi hanya sosai.
kandaki, pi. kandakuna, soro, Strain, tr. v. (to filter) rare,
tsoro.
tache; to s. out rare, tardre,
ioring grain, a ciiamber for, tardro.
n. ra/'oniya, pi. ra/oni ; a strainer, n. marari, mar are.
large barn for s. g. ru/ogo, straining, n., a calabash witli
see store 2.
holes for s. rariya.
ork, n., black s. kasheri, mai- strand, e.g. of rope nunki,
jikka; the marabout s.
horin- ninki, ribe.
tumki, babba da jikka
,

; a tall Strange, 1. (foreign) bako, fern.

16—2
strangeness •244. striking

hakiiwa, pi. bakuna, baki and kwdri* ;

(power over some-
thing else) iko, pi. ikoki;
bakokuna.
2. (odd, extraordinary) these terms differ as absolute

bako ; this notion is also ex- and relative, e.g. s. of mind

pressed by the n. aVamari karifin zuchiya ; he surpassed
(matter) in the pregnant sense him in ya fi shi karifi:
s.

of 'as. matter,' e.g. what a we do by the s. of a

this

s.thing aVamaringa this s.

! ;
charm muna yin haka da

war wannan aVamarin yaki. ikon magani, kambi* to ex- ;

n. bakonchi, ba- ceed in s. gdgara.

strangeness,
strengthen, tr. v. karfafa.
kontaka.
stretch, forth, tr. v. rtuku,
stranger, n. bako, fem. bakuwa,
mike; to s. a bow-string
pi. bakuna, baki and bako-
haddku, tanka] intr. to be stretched
kuna, haddka, pi.

yin forth or out mikw, to s. out

ba-ture; to act as a s.

the hand bei zurma; to

bakonchi or yin bakontaka
stretched out (used of a dog
service done to a s. bakonchi,
j

lake (S.); stretching one','j

bakontaka.
shake, limbs sleepily on waking
strangle, tr. v. shctki,

makure. magagin barchi.

kamazuru. stride, chirawa to ; s. yin chi

strap, tied to bit, n.

stratagem, n. wayo, hila, rawa, mike tsawo.

yaudara, idon-yaki to ;
strife, n. fdda, fama; (s. o
.
fila,
tongues, contention) haya
use s. gajna with wayo or
niya, gardama.
kai.
hat mala- strike, tr. v. mdra, see beat
straw, n. tsaiwa ; s.

malafuna and and the verbs given unde

fa, malfa, pi.
blow n. ; to s. (and so bruise
malafai, garumfa, garunfa.
smsish)/al/asa, bubbuga, ribdt
stream, n., small running s.
rifde, rubde to s. a tent nmj
malala ; a fast flowing s. ;

laima to with the fist dan

korama ; the hollow of a s. ; s.

kwazazzabo. kwasa, dankwaahe; to s. i

street, n. hanya, pi. hanyoyi, drum buga, kdda,ktvankwasn

striking, tabi; s. repeatedl}'
see way.
(inherent power participial n. marmarawo
strength, n.

or firmness) karji, kariji, buga-buga.

 string 245 stump
string, n. iyiya^ pi. igoyi and ivaye ka ; spec. s. in war
Hl^y^U^\ sillya, pi. siliyu or gargami, garkami ; very s.
siliyoyi ; wadari, pi. wadura (epithet of lion)
; gadanga ; a
spec. s. for tying up trousers s. man kodago, gwarzo, pi.
mazargi, zariya; strong white gwaraje; to be s. bunkdsa
s. made of flax kirtani. s. slave kato, fem. katiiwa,
strip, n., of cloth kwariya; pi. katta.
strips of black leather ktvaro; strongly, adv. da kariji.
to cut into strips rede. strophanthus, (usedforpoison-
strip, tr. V. ktcare, kwoH, fige ing arrows) kwankwani.
to s. (skin of fruits, etc.) strutting, tdkama- (of a wo
hare, hdra ;
to s. leaves from man) made.
a stalk hralde; to s. off' stubble, n. kulutfura, kiUut-
garments tv,he riguna, dehe ture, kotuttura; the s. of
rig una. guinea-corn, wheat, etc. tu-
stripe, n. (blow) fig. sanda. shiya.
stripe, 11. (in cloth, blue) saki, stubborn, adj. mai-kinji, pi.
.^a-aki ; stripes (e.g. on a masu-kinji, da taurin zuchiya,
bird, etc.) za7ie having
; da tsayaya.
stripes, adj. wake-wake to ;
stubbornness, n. ta^iri, taurin
(h'aw stripes za7ia, zani. zuchiya, tsayaya.
3triped, (cloth) saki-saki. study, v. (to endeavour dili-
strive, intr. v., see attempt, gently) yin anuiya, e.g. s. to
stroke, n. mari, pi. maremare ; follow the true path ku yi
see also blow, anniya ku bi hanyar gaskiya.
stroke, to, with the hand stumble, intr. v. tuntsure, yin
hdlaya^ saha.
timtuhe, yin tangadi ; to s.
strokes, n., see lines, against a stone kdro da
strong, a.dyma.i-kariji, ^X.masu-
dutsi.
karifi, da kariji, kodago, da stumbling, n. sansarifa, sas~
i/azau, da iauri, ishashe, fern. sar'ifa,shekarakki*, tangadi
'shashiya, pi. ishashu very
; (K.), tuntuhe.
s. kakkarifa-, to be s. yiri stump, n., of tree gutsnn itache,
kwdri] he is stronger than
gatsa, kwabri, gungume,
ko7'i,
I ya huwaye ni ; I am pi. gumagumai, guntu, ku-
stronger than you 7ia hu- tuttura, kotuttura ; a small
stupid 246 sudden

s. tsatsage ; s. of a leg or arm cessful) iyas, iyas da, iyar da,

kdrasa, yin zama; impers. it

stupid, adj. (wanting in sense) succeeds ya kama, ya yi ; to s.

maras-hankali. (as heir) gdda, gciji or gdje.

stutter, intr. v. i^ina, 2. to s. (i.e. to take the
stuttering, n. i'inar halshe. place of another) tnaya, mayi
sty, n., in the eye hazbiya, to be succeeded by gada da.
hitnunutva. success, dache* ; (in war), n.
subdue, tr. V. (to conquer, e.g. ndsara and nasarchi ; to
a people) chi. obtain s. (in war) yin nd-
subject, n. (matter) tada, pi. sara, katari.
tadocli, e.g. a s. of enquiry successor, inamayi.
tadat tanibaya. such, demonstr. adj. 1. (like
subject to, to be, intr. v. (to that) e.g. we cannot do s. a
be characteristically prone thing ha tnu iya yin abu kaza.
to) turn by means of tarka, 2. (that referred to, the
e.g. he is s. ya tarka
to terror naming of which is avoided
razana, see character. by narrator), e.g. ho (or !

submission, putting earth on here !) s. a one ya ka mutum

the head as a sign of huruwa. kaza; takethis money to s. and
submissive, aid].mai-tankwasa. s. persons ku tafi da kurdin

submissiveness, n. tmikwasa. nan ga miitane kaza da kaza.

submit, intr. v., e.g. I s. my- suck, tr. V. tsotsa, tsotse, sha;
self na tankwasa kaina. to s. a lime or lemon sha
subscription, (e.g. a contribu- leniu ;
(of infants) sha nono
tion of food) tarhache. to s. in or up (e.g. as a
subside, intr. v. (e.g. of water) sponge water), id.

kdfe, wuche, fuche\ (gen. to sucked, tsotsatse; a s. lime

abate, lessen) raye^ ')i'<^y% ragu. tsotsatsel lemu.
substitute for something, n. sucking, tsotso.

maitnako, maimaki, madadi, suckle, tr. V. (to give suck to)

madadin*. goyo, yin goyo, ba nono.
suburb, n. unyuiva, anguwa, Sudan, pr. n. Sudan.
pi. unguwai, ungwanai, un- sudd, (floating grass) tsambo,
gunnai. datnba.
succeed, intr, v. 1 . (to be suc- sudden, adj., s. death saukin
 suddenly 247 superior

mutiitva ; s. action is some- suitable, adj. daidai.

times expressed bj'- tvuj\ e.g. suitor, mai-7ieman aure.
s. jump ya yi wuf;
he gave a sulk, to dakile.
quick,
see sulphur, fara rvuta, kibrit^.
suddenly, adv. da sauki, bum, sum, n. (aggregate of numbers)
mamaye, tnatne. kida or kididdiga; (of a
suffer, V. 1. tr. (to endure) statement), see substance,
jimri ;
(to allow) hari, bar, summit, n. kai, kololuwa,
e.g. s. me to enter bar ni in tsololuwa, bisa; s. of hill
xhtya, phr. s. me kiyaye ni. kan tudu, tuluwa (K.).
2. intr. (to undergo pain summon, tr. v. kira, kiraya or
or distress) sha wahala. kiraye ; to s. to where the
suffice, V. isa and ishe. speaker is kirawo.
sufficient, adj. ishashe, fern. sun, n. fem. rana, ra, pi. ra-
ishashiya, pi. ishashu, also nuka* ; the s. rose rana (ta
expressed by appending the fita or) ta tashi ; the s. set
impers. ya isa or ya ishe, rana ta fadi, the
s. is about

e.g. we have s. bread muna to set rana

kusa fadn,wa ta ;

da gu7'asa {ya isa or) ya ishe heat of the s. gumi.

mu exclamatory phr. s..!
; sunbird, s/ta kauchi ruddy- ;

bus, which =^ say no more ! throated s. ja7ibarde.

to be s., see prec. Sunday, n. lahadi, Iddi.
suffocate, suffocation, v. and sunder, tr. v., see divide,
n., see choke, choking. sunken eyes, one with, adj.
sugar, sukur*, takanda*. and n. mai-kwarnii*.
sugar-cane, n. takanda, rake, sunrise, time of, n. tasawal
urakke (S.), kdran sariki. hantsi ; cf. it is s. I'aiia ta
suicide, kiskansa (S.),kaskansa fita chim.
(K.). sunset, n. futiiru, fadawar
suit, n. (claim at law) kara, faduwar) rana.
(or
q.v. to make or bring a
; s. sunstroke, n. jiri.
kara and kai kara. superfluity, n. wanji.
suit, v. yamshe, gama, e.g. it superior, adj. mafifichi, pi,
suits me ya cjamshe ni ; this majijita : this is s. to that
dress does not s. me riyan irannati mafifichi dag a wan-
luni ba ta karbe ni. chaw, to express 'this thing
superiority 248 susp^H
or this method is s.' use the ya tabbata nan ;
you ma^fl"
3u ma;
impers. yara haka, or givama assume that he isan infidel
haka, lit. it is better so, see hi tabbata kafiri ne.
also surpass. surety for a debt, n. lamuni -.

superiority, fiydya, fiydye- (a person who is s.) mai-

supplicate, tr. v. (to pray lamuni ; to be or become
earnestly) bara, kdma kafa. s. lamunta, lartiunche ; with
support, n. madogara^ makari, ace, e.g. we becanie s. for

tankari ; the last also fig., the merchant muka lamuntu

e.g. a king is the s. of the falke.
world sariki shi ne tankarin surfeit, ginsa; to cause ^

duniya ; spec, (pole of house) ginshe.

gimshiki ; he called for s. ya surging, n., e.g. s. backwards
huya goya ; see also aid, and forwards in battle dau-
assistance, help. kakkeniya.
support, tr. V. (e.g. as a pole surpass, tr. v. Ji, yin fifiko,

supports a tent) tokdra, tan- waye (S.), tsere, dada, e.g.

kare; spec, to s. anything the strength of elephants

with the hand spread out surpasses that of camels kari-
tallaha ] to s. oneself with fin gitvaye ya Ji na raJmynma;
the palm of the hand dafa. this surpasses that tvannan
suppose, V. zdto, zachi, zache, ya dadi wanchan ; to s. any-
tamaha, kintata. one .it his trade or profession
supposition, ivasuwasi. shashe.
sure, adj., see trustworthy. surpassing, n. fi.,
pi. fiye-fiir

sure, to be or make, v, tah-

bata, tahbache ; I am s. na surpassing, adj. mafi.
tabhoia. surrender, tr. v. (to give up,

surely, adv. (certainly) tabbas, resign) sallame.

ashe, da gaskiya, da gaske, surround, tr. v. keivaye, h-
gaske, hakika, hakika ; s. is ivayi, kewayo.
also idiomatically expressed survivor, the sole s. of.

by the particle sai as well

as the
people will
V. tabbata,
s. rise
e.g.

mutane
the
family barau.
suspect, to tuhuma.
suspend, tr. v. rataya,
1
yw
sai su tashi ; he is s. there rataya.
 suspicion 249 swim
suspicion, n. matsina*, tu- sweetmeat, n. allewa, aJewa;
hnma. spec, a s. made from the aya
sustain, tr. v., see support, reed dakmva.
swagger, to yin tdkama. sweetness, n. (taste) zaki,
swaggering, n rangwada (S.), dadi, the last gen. and of
rangaji (K.), takama, yanga, taste too, e.g. thou shalt
made; (used of a woman) taste of its s. za ka sha dadi
alfarma, manti, yatsuna. nata.
swallow, n. tsaitsewa, tsaijewa, swell, intr. V. 1. kumhura or
tsetf^etva, chechewa, chichiya ;
kundjiire ;
(of a sore, etc.)
the large mosque s. hvar- kaha.
dodo ; the snjall mosque s. 2. fig. (to be inflated with
mashirare, masherera. pride, etc.) kumhura, e.g.
swallow, tr. v. hade, hadiye thou swellest with pride
s\vallo^ying hadiya ; the act because it is said thou ex-
of trying to s. hvdra. cellest all ka^ia kumhurawa
swamp, n. kdfo, kafau (S), wai ko. fi kowa; the same
tapki may be expressed by means
sway to and fro, intr. v. rau- of chichika (lit. be filled
f/cji (K.), rangwada (S.). with),
swear, intr. v. rantse, ranche, swelling, kumburi, kumhu-
yin rautsufva, sdha, sdbi, e.g. riya; (with sickness) kabuwa;
I swear by God na rantse da a s. caused by guinea-worm
Allah. hangara; a on the back s.

sweat, and intr. v.

n. see ; doro; a
s. on the slight
perspiration, perspire, body or itch kazuwa, guda
sweep, tr. \. shara or share, (S.) a s. in front of a
;

f/iit shara. man's body (elephantiasis)

sweeping, participial n. shara. gugi; a s. on hand or foot
sweet, adj. (to the taste) da kakari\ a s. on the foot
zaki, tutushi, (nice, agreeable, kurkushe a s. on the throat
;

grateful to any sense or feel- hangum* ; ef. also kivikwi,

ing) da dadi. kullutu.
sweetly, adv. da dadi, e.g. the swept, pass. part, shararre,
bird sings tsuntsutva tana
s. fem. shararra, pi. shararru,
icaka da dadi. swim, intr. v. iivo, yin iyo,
swimmer 250 tal

futo^ yin linkdya ; I can s. gyaUj mingyau, 7nanjau (K,

na iya rmva. maigyau (S.), chusayi (K,
swimmer, an expert gtvanin a medicine for s. rig a kafi.
ruiva. syrup, n. madya*.
swim.m.ing, n. iyo, ktirme^ lin-
kdya^ ninkaya. table, n. rumfa, riimpa, pi. rWi

swindler, mai-zambachi or
n. puna or rumfuna., maida*.
ormi-zambata, mai-zamha. taciturn, adj. (habitually
swine, n. (domestic) gttrsunu, lent) turn by tarka q.v<

see pig. e.g. he is t. ya tarka (

swing to and fro, tr. reta, kurum, yin shiru, kurum o
intr. (TO, Wo. shirti.

swinging, n. veto, shillo. tackle, n. (implements, instr

switch, n. (i.e. one for driving ments, apparatus) kaya.
away flies, made from cow's or kayayeki or kayayaki.
horse's tail) izga, tsagiya (S.). tail, n. wutsiya ; cow's
swoop, (e.g. of a hawk) bara horse's t. used as a switcl
masc, sura. izga, tsagiya (S.).
swoop, to kaivo sura. tailor, n. madutnki, fem. m
sword, n. takobi, pi. takuhba, dumkiya, pi. inadumkai.
kansdkali spec, a s. with a
; take, tr. v. gen. (seize, lay ho)
broad blade findi as. with ; of) kama, saniu, dauka, dau
a double sharp edge tagoyyuis, doka, dau or do, karba, karb
tagomashij tatuga, taniogashi ;
amshi, make to t. (of a]
;

s.with one cutting edge ta- object running away, abo

malaulo a cheap, roughly
; to escape or resist) kaTna
made s. tdma ; a rasp for (with the added notion
sliarpening s. magagari ; to reaching, overtaking, finding]
draw a s. zare, zware, zari, samu ;
(of taking or pickin
takobi ; a curved s. worn by up an object from the ground,*
Arabs bisalami* ; a wooden a table, shelf, etc.) dauka,
s. pauma. doka, chdfa \ to t. up an
sword-sling, n. hamVa. carry away kwashe ; to t.*

synonym, sauivi. and bring kwaso (of receiv- ;

syphilis, n. chitvutaii birni, ing) karba and especially as

tunijere, kaba, kabuwa, man- an imperative karbo q.v., also
 take 251
talk
amjo, ingo (S.); to t. back t. to oneself
karbo to t. up ;
fAtmbe to t. (conduct, guide)
;
dauka or doka to t. up with ;
kai; to t. (of game, fish) hand or spoon mara to t. a ;
kama; (of road, way) id., handful dimtso to t. care, ;
e.g. he took his road
(pur- heed or notice of tuna da,
sued his journey) i/a kama
kula da; (in proclamations
hanya; (of medicine) if 't. notice that') ji, ji^a,
liquid sha and hade, if solid saurara, sorara ; he was
hade; cf. the fire caught Haken in' banza ta shashe
imtta ta kama; t. and shi.
bring tariyo"^, kankamo to ;
taking away, participial n.
t. a thing to yabata da to
;
karbawa, amshewa.
t. away kai, kawa, kaiida, tale, n. (story) tatsuniya,
kaushe, p|.
kaivas, kawas da, tatsuuiyoyi, riwaya to
; tell
jishe, jige or figi^ dcmka, at. riya; (of fiction, unreal
doka, gushe, jidadda,
tafi da, or false kariya*, fira or
t.)
e.g. he took it away
ya tafi hira, see story,
da shi; fitada, fishe to t.
;
talebearing, amiamimi, an-
away by force kivache or
namimanchi telling tales
;
kwashe, anishe ; to t. down against anyone kivarmato.
(gen.) shida or shide,
shido talent, n., see ability 2.
(a tent)
nade to t. for one- ;
talk, n. (= conversation,
self dauko; mutual
to t. hold of
discourse) zanche or zanchi,
ilaiika or doka; to
t. in (to
battt, roshi, and in a less
let or bring in) shigas
da; precise sense magana
to t. oft" dehe or debo, ; loud
daibo, t. dumi, see talking,
fuda, fitas da, fisge, fizge or
talk, V. (converse) zanche,
tan-
fusge; (garments) tube; to
ka or tamka, the first with
t. off garments as sign of forms in na or with yi, e.o-.
grief takaba to off a load,
; t.
I am talking with my friends
etc. zubda; to
t. iy\it fidda,
ma zanche (or ina yin zanche)
fUar da,fitas,fita8 da, debe, da ahokaina, zantatva with
debo, dlha and daibo,
fisge, forms in na, yin batu, yin
fizge, fusge, tsami ; t. up magana, e.g. we talk in
and bring it here debo
!
; to Hausa muna yin maganar
t. a little of gutsura; to Haum; he talks nonsense
talkative 252 taster

shhia may ana harkatai ;

(pa- tan, tr. v. jemi, jima, shema,
laver) aVamari^. shiyna, tuje*.
talkative, very, adj. mai- tank, n., see cistern,
yaraje^ (S.). tanner, n. majemi, pi. majema,
talkativeness, saniyd^, sururi masherni.
(S.), surutu (K.). tanning, a tree used for, n.

talking, participial n. (con- hagaruiva, gabaruiva, po,tako,

versing) fadi, fade-fade^ hu- sari.
chi, pi. kuche-kuche, zayitawa tap, to (e.g. a pot) kwankivasa.
much t. tankiya ; noise of tapeworm, Uila^ tamza, dauda-
angry or loud t. hargoiva, chiki.

haya-haya. tarry, intr. v. 1. (to stay)

tall, adj. dogo, fern, dogtiwa, zamna, e.g. we tarried in
pi. dogaye, zarau, pi. zara- Timbuctoo three months niun
zara ; the comparative taller zamna chikin Tumhutu ivatu
and superlative tallest are nku.
expr. hyji, cf. H. Gr. pp. 75, 2. t. for (to wait iov) jira
76 ; at. thin man yankare. and jirache,
tallness, n. tsawo. 3. (to delay) yin yauchi.
talon, n. akaifa ; spec, inside task, n. aVamari, and in a
of a bird's t. dunduniya. general sense aiki.
tamarind tree, n. tsamiya. tassel, tuntu.
tame, adj. (subdued, domesti- taste, tr. V. 1. (to try the
cated), no general term, the flavour of) dandana and daa-
distinction between t. and ddn% e.g. have you ever
wild species being sometimes tasted pepper 1 kun tdha dmi-
expressed by different words, dana harkono 1
e.g. t. swine gursunu opp. to 2. fig. (to experience) sha,
hanzir and gyado t. dog ; e.g. thou shalt taste its sweet-
kare and karen gida t. ; ness za,ka sha dadi nata
animals hisashen gida. he tasted trouble ya sha
tame, to lele ; the hyena can- tvahala.
not be tamed kura ha ta taste, n. dandana.
kiyayuwa. tasteless, adj. Idmi and da
tameness, n. (easy disposition, Idmi, da babu zaki.

want of spirit) lalafanchi. taster, n. madaiidani.

tasty 253 tempt

tasty, adj. (of food, etc., nice tear, n. (rent in clothes, etc.)
to taste) da dad% da zaki. yaguiva, dan barki.
tattoo, to kaskasta, shaushauta. tear, tr. v. (clothes, paper, etc.)
tattoo marks, akanza, see yaga, yage, tsdga, tsdge, tsa-
under marks. gagge, chage, keta, katsa,
taut, tarn, tamau-tamau. katse, keche, kiche, murtsuka,
tax, n. humushi, haraji ; spec, barke, barka, karantsaye
a t. paid on leaving a country to t. out iona and tone ;

garama, Jito ; the latter to t. to pieces tsatsaga,

also =a t. which used to fatattake ; to t. up chi-
be paid to the king in the chira.
Kano market when buying tearing, n., e.g. of a gown,
a slave; a caravan t. fdto; barkutca, karantseyi, ketuwa,
a t. on cows jarigali ; a t. tsdga.
on an inlieritance tirka ; see tease, to ddme, ddma.
taxes. tease, a mai-fUina, unai-ta''-

tax, to tirkata. adi.

tax-collector, n. mai-karbar teeth, n., see tooth,
garama. tell, tr. V. (to inform, also to
taxes, n. gen. kurdin kasa, command) fdda or fddi,
jinga ; to pay t. 7/in jinga. furta*.
teach, tr. v. koya Tna, bada temerity, gadauniya.
koyo, karantas da, karantasa, temper, n. (disposition) hdli,
karantashe, cdmajirtad da, pi. hdlaye ; evil t. hdlin mu-
sanas da or saada*. gu ;
(irritation, passion) hau-
teacher, n. mai-koya, mai-foro, shi, kumchin znchiya, e.g. he
mafori, shaihu*. is in a bad t. with you shina
teaching, n. (the act of teach- jin haushhika,
ing) A*o?/att;rt; (doctrine) koya. tempest, n. hadari, zirnaniya ;

teal, tlie whistling t. jalili, see storm,

kirinjijiya, the latter also temple, n. (a place of worship)
= the African tree duck ; a niasallachi, pi. rnasallatai.
species of t. kivarra (S.). tempt, tr. V. 1 . (to test or put
tear, n. (also coll. = tears) ha- to trial) yin jaraba.
waye ; witli tears da hawaye; 2. (in bad sense, to allure,
to shed tears yin haiuaye. mislead) rude.
temptation 254 thank

temptation, n. (trial) jar aba. termites, (i.e. white ants) n.

tempter, n. marude or mai- gdra (also used as coll.), pi.
rude, pi. maruda. gdrani, shinge.
ten, card. num. goma, pi. go- terms, n. pi. (conditions, stipu-

miya the latter is some-

; lations) shardi, shartu, sha-
times used to express mul- ratsa*.
tiples of t., e.g. gomiya uMi. terrify, tr. v. tsorata, hada
tenant, mai-dro. tsoro, burga.
tend, tr. v. (to watch cattle) terror, n. 1. abstr. (the emotion)
kiwo. tsoro^ tsantsanta^ matsorachi,

tender, adj. (soft, in a material razd7ii.

sense) da tapshi {tabshi or 2. concr. (an object of t.)

tafshi) ; to be or to make t. abin tsoro.

yin tapshi ; the t. leaf danye test, n. jaraba.

or danyi, pi. danyoyi. test, tr. V. dandana, dandani
tendon of Achilles, dga7-a; spec, to anything hy smell-
t.

t. of foot matsarbaje (S.). ing it sunsuna to t. the ;

tent, n. lema, laima, bukka, pi. weight of a load jijiga.

bukkoki; to pitch a t. ka/a testament, (with) wasichi*.
lema; to take down a t. testator, umsiya*.
node lema; spec. t. of skins testicles, gwaiwa, marena,
or leather only al/arwa, pi. tsugau, tsugwaigwai.
alfaruwa. testimony, n. shaida, pi. shai-
tenth, n. of number, 1. (one dai and shaidodi to adduce ;

part of ten) ushuri. t. kai (and kawo) shaida

2. (one t. devoted to re- which also = to bear t., as do
ligious purposes, alms) zakka. shaida and yhi shaida, e.g.
tenth, adj. na-goma, fern, ta- he bore or gave t. ya shaida
gom,a. or ya yi shaida.
tentpole, n. tankari; shika- tether, to tie with a long t.

shiki, pi. shikashikai. talala.

terebinth, n. gwinki. thank, tr. v. goda, gode, barka,
term, n. 1. (limit, end, bound- gaida, gaishe, yin albarka, sa
ary) iyaka. albarka; thank you' na
*

2. (the time a thing lasts) gode ma

ka or godiya; 'no
zam,ani. thank you albarka. '
thanks 255 thatch
thanks, n. pi. godiya; expres- verbs of asserting, knowing,
|

sions for to give t. are: 1. perceiving, judging, wishing,

(to God) gode, and with yi commanding, e.g. this woman
or pres. forms godiya followed says t.she will not go on
by ma, ga or zwva ga, machen nan ta die ha za ta
shukra. tafiya ha; I said to them t.
2. (to men) gode, yaha; I did not perceive t. I had
for the Engl, phrase 'thanks' been struck by a shot na
cf. prec.
fadi ma su han sa^ii ha aka
that, 1. demonstr. pron. point-
halhe 7ii da hindiga I desire ;
ing out remote object ivaii- t. you give me my money
chan, fem. ivachan, pi. ina so ka ha ni kurdina he
;

(= those)wadanchaii ; an ordered t. they should be

emphatic form =- 1. one wan- fettered ya hakumche a sa yna
chananka the following =
;
su gigar. In the same way
those as well as t.chan, chana may be expressed a con-
or (in written Hausa) chan- sequence, e.g. he terrified
anka, e.g. t.lion zaki chan; him (so) t. he fell down ya
nafi is also employed in this tsorata ski ya/adi a kas he ;
sense, e.g. t. business abin beat it t. it died ya yi ma ta
nan.
hulala ta mutii ; similarly
2. rel. pron., see under verbs of causing and the
who. like may govern a clause,
3. conj. t. (in order t.), t. which takes the emphatic
not (in order t. not), see pronouns, expressing the
order 3.
effect, e.g. I will make bin.
4. Engl, t., as a conjunc- run (= I will cause t. he run)
tive particle, pointing out 7ii sa ski ski gudu permit t.
;
one sentence or clause as I depart har ni in tafi.
logically the object of an- That, used after to say,
other, is unrepresented in assert etc. cheiva, this use is
Hausa, which expresses such however very limited, cf.
a connection, in nearly every
dominchewa.
case, by simply placing the
thatch, grass used for, n. bunu,
dependent after the principal pi. hunai.
sentence. This is so with thatch, to, with grass baibaya,
thatched roof 256 thing

heheya, yin jinka, yhi kan- is, t. are, etc. akwai, e.g. t.

dama. is a journey before us akwai

thatched roof, n. tanka, jinka. tafiya gdhan imt ; I went t.

thatching, a leaf used for, n. na tafi gurin.

Jitta; millet stalks used for therefore, don tvannan, fa,
t. maiwa ; a grass rope used dada.
in t. jiniya. these, dem. pron., see this.
the (definite article), -n, e.g. they, pers. pron. prefixed to
where is the woman 1 ina various forms of past tenses
machen ? su, SU71, suka, suffixed to the
theatre, n. gidan wascC*. aux. verb of the future, e.g.

thee, pers. pron., see thou. t. will... za su....

theft, n. sata, sani or swane^ thick, adj. da kahri, da
loallo*, kauri.
their, possess, pron. suffixed thief, n. harawo, fem. harau-
-su, -nsu, e.g. t. town garinsu niya, pi. harayi or barai,
t. wives matayensu ; separate, mai-sane, mai-sata ; a t. who
if the object possessed is comes in the night kwaro* ;

masc. nasu, if fern. tasu. a receiver of stolen property

them, pers. pron. suffixed to dan tugu.
verbs and prepositions as ob- thieving, n. harawonchi, ha-
ject, e.g. he destroyed t. yahal- rauchi, sata, sane or swane
laka su ; to t. ma su, gave su. secret t. ja chiki.
then, adv. (at that time) sa^an thigh, n. chi7iya, pi. chinyoyi,
nan, lokachin nan, yanda, kdtara, pi. katatari, kar-
yatvan da, yayin da, yaanan ; fata.
(t. and not till t. or and t.) thin, adj. (tine, as flour, dust,
kana*, kan* kanda^, , e.g. do etc.) laushi; (not stout) ha
my work (tirst) and t. do kahri; (lean, emaciated) a
your own ka yi aikina kana rame, shalma, siriri, fem.
ka yi naka ; (in that case, in siririya, e.g. her young were
its weakest sense) fa, mana, quite t. diyata sai a rame to ;

e.g. come, t. zo Jiiana. become t. rame, yin rama.

thence, adv. ddga chan. thing, n. abu, connective ahhi,
there, adv. chan, ddga chan, pi. abuhuwa or abu; (in the
imiri cha7i, a tvuri chan ; t. gen. sense of matter, subject)
think 257 thousand

tada, pi. tadodi; things e.g. t. house gidanga; t.

created talikai*. town garinga.

think, V. (to reflect, ponder) thither, adv. of place nan,
tuna, tunane; to t. of, or chan, wurin chan.
about tuna da (to deem) ;
thong, leather guru, karho
:(cto*, zache, tsamdni ; (to (S.), kangi*.
imagine, expect) tamaha thorn, kaya, pi. kayayuwa or

with yi and the pronouns kayoyi, kararigiya; spec, a

in na. tree with white thorns, from
thinness, silili (S.), siriri fruit of which ink is made

(K.), farak kaya; a thorny bush

third, 1. ordinal num. na-uku^ sarkakiya.
fern, ta-uku. thorn-apple, (Datura metel)
2. fractional num. (one zakami, haukat yaro, babha
part out of three) sulusi* juji.
two-thirds sulusani* ; the t. those, demonstr. pron., see
day, i.e. the day after the that 1.
day after to-morrow gata. thou, pers. pron. separate and
thirst, n. kishiruwa, kishirwa, emphatic kai, fern, ki or ke
kishi; to feel t. jin kishiruwa, prefixed to past and suffixed
jin kishi. to fut. auxiliary ka, fem. ki,

thirsty, adj. da kishirutva (or e.g. t., O woman ke mache

kishirwa). t. wilt return here za ka
thirteen, cardinal num. goma komo ; t. wast stung by a
sha uku, also sha uku. scorpion an halbe ka da ku-
thirty, card. num. talatin. nama ; the above also ~ thee
this, dem. pronominal adj. after prepositions and tr.

wannan, pi. (these) waclan- verbs, e.g. along with thee

nan, wanga, fern, wagga, tare da kai ; to thee ma ka ;

walga, warga (S., Zanf.), pi. I saw thee (fem.) 7ia gan
(these) wada7iga; nan used ki.

for all genders and numbers though, conj. ko da, sai dai.
usually placed after the word thought, n. tunani, tunane,
to which it refers, e.g. t. lunani*, pi. tunanu, zdto,

woman machen nan suffixed ; tamaha, ruwa*.

also to the connective is ga, thousand, num. dubu, zambar,
R. H. D. 17
thread 258 thrust

alif', a t. cubits tyiH* (S.) ;

throne, n. kujeran sariki, ku-
two t. aljin^ alfyan. jera, kursiyi, aVarshi ; heir
thread, n. zdre, mandawari to the t. majiran gado.
spec, very fine t. arafiya; throng, n. taro, pi. tarori, see

coarse t. huruda. crowd.

thread, to t. beads zura throttle, tr. v. murda, makure.
duwatsu. throttler, n. murdxigo, mir-
threadbare, jula-jula. dago.
thread-worm, kwaraba. throw, n. chdka.
threat, empty, n. narko (S.), throw, tr. V. yas, yasda, jej'a,

kyachewa, alwashi, kuri (S.),

3^A he throws
jefe, jefo, e.g.
ruha (K.). stones ya jefa duwatsu; to
threaten, v. yln kurari, kyci- t., e.g. a spear chdka, ndsa,
che (S.). ndshe ; to t. away yas, yasda,
threatening, n. kurari. ydda, zubas*, zubas da*,
three, card. num. uku, taldta wulga, wurga, kayas, kayas
the latter in counting cowries da, watsar da, e.g. he threw
often stands for t. thousand; away his gun and fled ya
t. days ago wanshekaranjiya. yasda bindiga ya gudu to ;

thresh, tr. v. ddka, dandaka, t. back mayas*; t. out (also=

daddaka, sussuka, chasa. to cast out, overthrow) ye/k<f

thresher, n. mai-taki. da (K.), jefad da (S.), jefashe
threshing-floor, n. masussu- (Zanf.) to t. with dicajefa
;

ka, wurin sussuka, mabuga, kuriya spec, to t. (food) into

;

mabugiya, pi. mabuyai, Juko, the mouth hamfude, ham-

fudi to t. up and catch chafi.
;

threshold, i.e. a raised ridge thrower, a champion t. sarikin

in front of a door, n. garama,
dan-garama. throwing, n. jlfa, ndshi, pi.

thrice, numeral adv. sau (or nashe-nashe ; t. away wulgi,

so) uku, guda uku. wurgi.
thrive, v. (to Y)vosTper)yi7iarziki. thrush, a yellow-breasted chat

throat, n. makwaruwa (S.), ma- t. gabachara, gwanno.

kwarwa (K.), makogwaro,ma- thrust, tr. v., see push ; to t.

koshi ; swelling on t. m-akoko, through (pierce) soka, soke or

hangum ; a sore t. mashako. soki, e.g. he t. their chiei
 thumb 259
time
through with a spear ya soka
tidings, n., see news,
hahhansu da mashi. tie, tr. V. damre, daure, damra,
thumb, n. babban yatsa. darmi (S.), ta7ika, tanke, ra-
thunder, n. tsawa; distant taya, balla, sarkafe; to t. up
rolling t. chidda a burst of
;
together layache (K.), goya,
t. or thunder-bolt aradu.
goye; spec, to t. up kumsa,
thunder, to yui aradu. kumshe, to t. the hands to-
Thursday, n. alhamis or ranar gether bankare; to t. grass
alhamis. in thatching tsara, tsdre;
to
thus, adv. (in this or that way t. two pieces of
string together
or manner) hdka, hdkanan,
kulla; to be tied together
kaza; the last is also used
kullu] to t. in a knot kum-
(see under so, such) where buche; to t. up a bag tsuke;
the speaker mentions the up kumshashe, fem. kum-
tied
way or manner, but the
shashiya, pi. kumshashu.
actual author of the account
tied, participial adj. sassabta,
avoids it, e.g. he said the king ballu.
spoke or) t. and t. ya che
(t.,
,

tiger-fish, (Hydrocyon linea-

sariki yafadi kdza da kdza tus) tsaffye a species of t.-f.
;
(in a weak sense =. so then)
fa. kawara (Alestes dentex).
thy, possess, pron. suffixed
-ka, tiger-nut, aya.
-nka, fem. -ki, -nki, e.g.
1

t. tight, adj (used of a string) kyar,

.

wife matakka, t. husband (taut) tarn, tamau-tamau.

mijinki ; separate, if the ob- tightness, runtsi.
ject possessed is masc.
7iaka, till, prep, and conj., see until,
naki, if fem. taka, taki.
till, tr. V. noma, nonti or nome,
thyself, 1. re^QxiYe kanka, fem. mainiai.
kanki. tiller, n. (i.e. of the ground)
2.emphatic kai da kanka, mai-noma or mai-nomi, pi.
fem. ke (or ki) da kanki-
see masu-noma.
self,
tilt,to t. anything up against
'ick, (insect) kaska. something jitta, ki/a, ki/e.
ickle, to tsikara (K.), tsakara
Timbuctoo, pr. n. Tumbuta.
(a).
time, n. lokachi, wakati, wakti*,
ickling, tsikari (K.), tsakari tvakachi, sa% yayi, za7nani,
•
(s.).
zamanu* ; a short t. zamani
17—2
 260 to
times

kddan, jimawa; at that t. dari* or sunddari* ; t. ore

lokachin nan, sa'an nan] kuza.

tinder, n. alfawami.
at the t. when he returned
tinge, tr. v. rini, rina.
here lokachin da (or sa'an da)
ya dawayo; at what tJ wache tinged, pass, particip. rinanne,
sa'al some t. wani yayi ;
fem. rinanna, pi. rinannu.

(period, age) yayi, zamani, tinkle, n. dindi7idin.

of the prophet tip, n. (of the finger) dan yatsa,
e.g. in the t.

the ear) dan kmme.

ga yayin annabi or zama- (of
(to be fatigued,
nin annabi; his t. is passed tire, V. intr.

ya weary) gdje, gdji, jin gdjiya,

(i.e. he is old) yayinsa
or proper ddgagaji, he was tired
e.g.
wuche; (set t.

occasion) loto, ivakati, wakti* with travelling ya gdji da

we are tired with
every t. wakati duka by (or ;
tafiya;

about) this t. warhdka at ;

over-work muna jin gdjiya

any t. ko yaushe at what t. ;

da yawan aiki; to be tired

(when) yanda; at what t.? of waiting kosa.

(tenth part) ushuri.
yaushel heiore-time wuri in ',
tithe, n. 1.

(one-tenth
former times or some t. ago 2. t. or tithes

da wuri or dauri; from a devoted to religious purposes,

long t. dadadde; from what alms) zdka.
appellation)
1. 1 daga yaushel since what title, n. (name,

t.1tun yaushe'^ until what t.1 suna, pi. sunuwa or sunanaki

prep, ga, with pronoum
har yaushel one at a t. guda to, 1.

gare, used of both persons

guda length of t. tsawa or
;

tsawo; I have not t. to ha ni and things, e.g. he came t(

da dama what t. is it? karife
;
me ya zaka gare ni; near
to the bank of the river kusc
nawa% do not come before
ga hakin ruwa; tva (no
your t. kdda ka Hgaya loka-
before personal pronouns
chinka; see also times, hour,
repetition) sau specially used after verbs t-
times, pi. (of
tell ; do not tell anyone
kad*
or so, guda, e.g. five t. sau
how ka gay a tva kowa ; ma, af
biyar, or guda biyar ;

plied not to persons but

t
many 1. 1 guda nawa %

things, mostly to pronouns

timid, adj. matsorachi.
e.<^. to me ma ni, also mim
tin, n. chinkal,8inddari*,shind-
 toad 261 toil

to thee ma ka; ma some- skirt kwakwaia, kwakota

times expresses the datives embroidery on a t. sharaba^
of advantage and interest, tambari the pattern on
;

e.g.grant to me an abate- front of a

t. fuskar riga, kwor

ment ka yi ina 7ii rangwame ; she,linzamin riga, mumbari ;

a, found in a few phrases, double thickness of cloth

e.g. he fell to the ground ya in a t. sabdda; for various
^'adi a kasa or a kas, some- kinds of tobes see under riga.
times prefixed to yare, e.g. to-day, adv. yau, also pro-
to thee a yare ka - yare ka nounced yo ; existing t. mai-
after verbs of motion etc. yau.
the English to may be wholly toddle (or to walk on all fours),
unrepresented, e.g. he went intr. V. dtlbo dubo.
to his house ya taji gidansa toe, n. yatsa, pi. yatsotsi or
they swam and came to land yatsu, yatsa na kafa; big
sun iyo sun kai kasa. t. babban yatsa spec, a
;

2. conj. (in order that, so disease of the toes kudum-

that, so as to) in placed im- biya, kumhudiya*.
mediately before the verb together, adv. tare, gaba dai,
and rarely used except with gaba daya, jeni t. with tare ;

the 1st person, see under da, garni da, gamA da ; v. to

order 3. put t. tara; to put up t., to
toad, n. 2)asha, kwado. gather t. gangama; to be
to-and-fro, going t. yauchi. gathered t. (to assemble)
tobacco, n. tdha, t.-pipe tu- taru ; to come t. with vio-
kunyar taba; to smoke t. lence kara or karo ; to go t.
shan tdba ; a stick of rolled tare, hdda tafiya, e.g. we will
t. sandan tdba; seed of t. all go t. duka za mu tare;
plant tam,na-yardi. keep together ku taji jeni !
;

tobe, n. riya, pi. rig una -, spec. collecting t. jama^a; a hun-

a black or blue t. rigal saki; dred rose up t. za7igo ya
a t. of black or shiny blue tashi tsaitsaye.
\ cloth kore a red t. jabba* ;
; toil, n. (fatigue) ta%a*.
a white t. gave, pi. garuruka, toil, intr. v., see labour, e.g
I
I
f
girke ; a white
with short, t. he toils after vanity shina
lined body and wide single dawaniya da abin wofi.
token 262 tornado

token, n. shaida, pi. shaidai tools, n. pi. kaya or the pi.

and shaidodi. kayayeki.

toll, n. humushi (lit. one-fifth), tooth, n. hauri, hakori, pi.

see tax. hakora, zaga, pi. zagogi; a

tomato, n., the bitter native molar t. matamni, pi. ma-
t. gauta, pi. gautaye, gautan tamna ; back teeth turame* ;

kura, kulufita* ; a plant with spec, a tree the bristles of

a fruit like large t. yalo, pi. which are used for rubbing
yaluna. the teeth dashi ; t. -gaping, n.,

tomb, n. kushewa or kusheya*, used of one who has lost two

pi. kusheyi, kushewoyi, wurin teeth gibi, e.g. shina gibi ; a
kushewa, wurin bisne, kahar% t. that has been filed flke
kabri. eye t. gaboba a wide space ; !

to-morrow, n. gobe, kashegari between two front teeth wu- !

(K.), wanshekare (S.), cf. shirlya.

prov. da gobe kayan
yau toothless, adj. mai-dasashi.
A llah the day after t. jlbi,
; top, n. kai, pi. kanuwa, kawana \

the day after jlbi is called and kawuna, km'oruwa, tso- \

gata, that after gata, i.e. the loloj tsororo, pi. tsololutva, ;

third day after t. chitta. tuluwa (K.), bisa; on the

tongs, n. atvartaki, hantsaki. t. of a kan, bisa or a bisa ;

tongue, n. 1. (the bodily mem- a spinning t. makodi*.

ber) halshe, harshe, pi. hal- toper, a mashayi, pi. mashaya. \

shina, halussa. topple over, to, intr. v. yin i

2. (a particular language) kunduma.

see language 2. torch, n. bakiti wuta ; a display
too, adv. 1. (likewise) kuwa, of torches wowo (K.), wauwo I

kuma, ma. (S.).

2. (more than enough) torment, n. tsanani ; spec,

express by the verbs faye place of t. for unbelievers

and buwaye, e.g. it was t. guTYiki''^^ gamki^^ gwauki* ;

severe for me ya faye ni to suffer t.jin tsananta.

kariji ; he was t. big yafaye torment, tr. v. tsananta, tsane,
girma; he was t. much for tsani, tsananche, hdsada, arjo

me ya buwaye ni t. much ; (K.), alja {^.).

ya faye yawa. tornado, n. hadari.
 torrent
263
transform
torrent, korama; noise of
n.
sUyoyi, unguwa ; a frontier
a rushing t. handam-handam.
t. kain iyaka.
tortoise, n., a land t. with toy, n. (plaything) abiji
convex wargi.
shell kunkuru -, a track, n. (beaten path)
water tafarki,
t. with flat shell or pi. tafarkoki; a broad beaten
mud turtle kififiya, yuma t. rimdi, godabe; (a spoor)
(S.); a small t. kafarji^^ lawali ; let him not go
farkaji; the back
shell of a t. on his tracks kdda ya
kwachiya, kwariya. bi
saivunsa na da.
toss, tr. V. (of cattle, etc. when trade, n. chiniki, jaura,
butting or goring) tunkuda, ko-
rami, sana'a,/atauchi.
tunkwiya.
trade, intr. v. yin chiniki
total, ; to
n. dokachi (sum or t. successfully chin kasmva.
amount reached by reckon-
trader, n. falke, fem.
ing), see calculation 2. falkiya,
pi. fatake, mai-fatauchi, mai-
totter, to, adj. (applied to
the chiniki, mai-dillanchi*,
walk of the old or Wind) sam-
bani, fajiri, dan
kutup kutup kasuwa,
(of walls, etc.)
;
mashimjidi.
karkache.
trading, n.'fatauchi, dillanchi
touch, tr. V. tdha, tdbi to
;
; corn t. kwarami, traders
in
engage slightly in, id., e.g.
corn yan kivarami.
he just touched the work ya
tradition, n. (doctrine orally
tdha yin aiki.
handed down) sim^t^, tariyo*.
towards, prep, ga, before pro-
traduce, tr. v., see calum-
nouns gave, e.g. some men
niate,
are coming t. us wadansu
trample, tr. v. taka, bijigi,
mutane suna zakuwa gave mu.
intensive form tattaka
towel, n.
or
bante, banche, pi. tattake, e.g. let us not
bantuna, kalkdfi. t. it
under foot kada mu tatta-
tower, bene; a watch t. ma- ke shi.
bdga (S.).
transform, tr. v. riklda, sauya
town, n., a large, walled t. and sawaya, e.g. by the
hirni, pi. birane or
birnuwa power of a charm he trans-
a small, unwalled t. gari, pi. formed himself into an ele-
garuruwa and garigaru;
a phant da ikon magani
quarter of a ya
t. sUya, \\. sauya kansa giiva.
transformed 264 tree

transformed, pass, particip. travel, intr. v. tafi; also tajiya

rikidadde, fern, rikidaddiya, with yi and the forms in na,
pi. rikidaddu to be t. sauya ; e.g. as we were travelling

and sawaya, nnayas da, rikida, much rain fell da muna tajiya
e.g. he was t. into a sheep an yi ruiva dayawa spec, ;

ya sauya tumkiya she was ; money paid to a king for

t. into something or other ta permission to t. garama to ;

mayas da wani abu, see also t. hard yi7i haramat tajiya.

change 3. traveller, fellow, n. abokin
transgress, intr. v. (to do tajiya, maraki.
wrong) yin laifi, (to commit travelling, n. tafe, pi. tajijiya.

sin) yi7i zunuji. travelling-ant, n. (or driver-

translate, v. mayas da, see ant) kivarkwasa, kwalkivasa ;

interpret 1. a red t.-a. makwaitva.

translated, pass, particip. sau- treachery, tsegumi, pi. tsegun-
yayye, fern, sauyayya, pi. guma, yaudara, kissa.
sauyayyu. tread, v., to t. down taka, tak%
transport, n., oxen used for t. take, intens. tattaka, tattake,
takarkari, pi. takarkarai. bijigi, ddbe ; to t. upon (to
trap, n. hako, pi. hakoki, fig. crush) latse.

(a thing leading into harm treasure, n. wada, wadaa,

or error) id. ; a t. consisting taska ; treasures ajiya, azawa;
of a hole ground in the royal t. stored up kambi*
burma or buma*, mashako spec, chamber for storing t.

a t, for wild animals tarko, rafoniya, pi. rafoni ; to lay

pi. tarkuna, burma', to lay up t. taskache; t.-trove galala. '

or set a t. hako with yi treasury, n. taska, pi. taskoki.

or the forms in na ; a fish tree, n. itache, iche (the former

t. sankuja (K.) a t. con- ; is sometimes used as a plural
sisting of a hole and noose of iche esp. in Sokoto), p].

taskira. itatuwa ] in this sense the

travail, n. 1. (severe labour) word is masc, a stick cut

see toil. from at., i.e. itache is usually

2. (pains of childbirth) regarded as fem.; a dried-up,
wahalan haifuwa, nakudar withered t. koren itache ; a
haifuwa to be in t. nakuda.
; t. used to hang meat on
 tree 265 tree
jigo, jiguna; a pair of
p], bushy t. (Zizyphus spina-
trees so planted as to grow Christi) with red edible
into one gdminbauta a bent ; berries kurna ; a t. with long
t. kwandariya^ kondariya. thorns, white flowers and
The following are some of edible leaves chizaki; a t.
the more common names of (Zizyphus jujuba) the fruit
trees found in Nigeria: of which is made into cakes
various species of ficus, e.g. magariya-, a small t. with
chediya, gamji, durumi, ka- reddish wood and edible
wuri, shirinya, uwar yara, leaves (a chew-stick) marke
wa, rubiya; various species a small t. from which black-
of acacia, e.g. gawo, dakwara,
smith's charcoal is made ^^Vy«,
farak kaya, tdwasa, dorowa, kariya; a t. from the bark of
gabaruwa, bagaruwa, dundu, which small ropes are made
kiriya ; the baobab t. kuka
tawatsa; the silk-cotton t.
various species of euphorbia,
(Eriodendron orientale) rimi,
e.g. kumkumiya, fida-sartse, pi. rimaye; sl red-flowered
jida sarde (S.), kirana, kya- silk-cotton t. gurjiya ; a t.
nara (S.), tiny a ; the copaiba the leaves of which furnish a
t. kctdaura, maje a with
-, t. yellow stain and, mixed with
yellow hard-shelled edible indigo, a green dye magina ;
fruit (Strychnos spinosa)
ko- a small t. (Bauhinia reti-
kiya; the bloodwood or culata) the leaves of which
African rosewood t. mado- are often used for wrapping
hiya; a t. (Vitex cienkowskii) food and the bark of which
from the fruit of which mo-
is used as a stain to darken
lasses are made dinya
, a t. lips kalgo or kargo
; a t.,
(Detarium Senegalense) from
with reddish bark (Hymeno-
which molasses and gum are
cardia acida), used for shed
obtained taura; the 'ebony
supports etc. janyaro ; a t.
tree' kainya or kanya a tall,
;
(African bdellium) the bris-
straight t. dilo', a large t. tles of which are used
as a
with flat, winged fruit (Termi- tooth-brush dashi ; a large t.
nalia macroptera) baushe
a ; the aromatic bark of which
t.with yellow plum-like fruit
is ground up as a
medicine
(Spondias) danya; a large,
fasa-kwariya or pasa-kwari •
trek 266 trouble

a t. with fragrant flowers and tributary, adj., a t. stream

leaves and a black or purple hannun rafi.
berry (Eugenia owariensis) tribute, n. humushi, gandu,
malmo, raarmo ; the horse- tuda, biko, jiziya (S.), kurdin
radish tree (Moringa pterygo- kasa; t. money kurdin gan^
sperma) zogalagandi: a small, du ; spec. t. paid by the
t. with yellow blossoms, an heathen tar a, tdfo ; see taX
infusion of its leaves (Cassia trick, n. (dexterous artifice) |

goratensis) used by women wayo ] tricks wasa-wasa.

near childbirth runhu. trickery, n. (fraudulent decep-
trek, to yin tafe. tion) harkwanchi.
tremble, intr. v. (with terror,* trickle, to tardra^ tardro, zu-
cold, etc.) Jirgita, raura, zaz- rare, see leak.
zaga. trim, tr. V. (to put in order) j

trembling, participial n. (from gyarta. i

terror, cold, raurawa,

etc.) trinkets, coll. kayan ado ; see
kaduwa, adj. form makarkata, ornament. |

makyarkyata t. all;over trip, intr, v. tuntsure^ yin tun- j

zazzagawa; t. (from excite- tube^ the last is used as a tr. j

ment, agitation) kardya. and intr. v. ; to t. a person

j

trench, a hafaru*. up tojde- 1

trespass, intr. v., e.g. on a Tripoli, pr. n. Tarahulus or

forbidden area kutsa, see bir7ii7i Tarabulus.
transgress. triumph, n., see victory.
trial, n. (a putting to the proof, trodden down, takakke, fern.

testing) jar obi,

jar aha) to takakka, pi. takakku.
make t. of, v. yin jaraba. trombone, kakaki'^.
tribal marks, n pi. (cut on troop, n., see company.
face) shaushawa, kyaskyastu trot, intr. v. (of a horse) kilisa.

(K.), kyakkyastu (S.), (cut trotting, rishi^ sakaraftu, sas-

from corners of the mouth) saka.

yamhaka^ see also hawayen trouble, n. (distress) wahala,

zaki. hawdla, tsananta, kinke, alale,

tribe, n. ir% pi. irare^ kauwi*, sanadi, sawarwari, tono ; to

kahila. be in t. yin wahala ; to feel

tribunal, n. ivurin shari^a. t. jin wahala, tangara*.
 trouble 267 trustworthy
trouble, n., one who is in t. haklka, aiwa, ainin, wallahi,
maitvahala. labudda.
trouble, v. tr. wahalda, wa- trumpet, n. kafo, pi. kafoni or
halsa, wahalshe, tsananche, kafuna, kakaki.
tsananta, hasada, alale, ar- trumpeter, n. mai-kafo, mai-
kcina,gayara, kinke, sawar- busa, mai-shantu (lit. blower)
wara, shamache, shamata, a mounted t. masarchi.
fitina, haiyata ; do not t. (i.e. trunk, n. 1. (a small box,
feel distressed) kada ha wa- usually of leather) sanduki,
halda kanka; (as a polite sanduki (S.), pi. sandukai.
exp.= spare yourself the t) 2. (proboscis of elephant)
k'lyaye kanka. hdnnun giwa.
troublesome, adj. da wuya. 3. (the
t. of a tree) kore
trough, n. komi, jirigi, jirgi, or koren itache, kututtura.
pi. jirage. trust, n. (confidence, certainty
trousers, n. (i.e. the loose, of safety) amdna, shaduda
or
baggy native t.) wando, pi. saduda, dangana, (a deposit
tvandima, buje (K.), duithu of money etc.) sabtu, saptu,
two pieces of cloth sewn on sautu, sotu; he betrayed t.
at the bottom of native
t. ya chinye amdna, I left
kamun kdfa; trouser-string money with them on t. na
mazargi; t. embroidered up to yi ma. su sabtu.
the top wando mai-kamu a trust, intr. v., or t. in (i.e.
;
rely
fold in the waist ofthrough t. on) dogara, dangana, sha-
which the cord (zariya) runs
duda or saduda, ingata^^
kubaka.
sakankanche, I t. in God ina
true, adj. gen. da gaskiya,
da dangana da (or ga) Allah;
gaske, gaskiya and gaske, (of follow Mohammed, t. in him
persons, veracious, sound, ku bi Muhammadu kn sakan-
honest) mai-gaskiya (faith-
; kanche.
ful) salihi*; as an adverbial
t. trustee, n. madaukan bashi.
phr. (i.e. quite right) ainin trustworthy, adj. (to be relied
as well as the words given in on, depended on) yardaji,
seq.
ingatachi*, tabbatache, fem.
truly, adv. da gaskiya, da
gaske, tabbatachiya, e.g. this account
gaskiya, gaske, ashe, ainin,
is t. wannan labari ingatachi
;
trustworthiness 268 turn

t. language magana tahhata- barmushi; twisting of a

chiya. double black and white
trustworthiness, inga7ichi. t. round the bania, head
truth, n. gaskiya ; to speak the /uni; a black and white t.
t. ha gaskiya ; to establish mahawara; the winding of
the t. gojskata or gaskanta. a t. nanndde.
try, tr. v. (make trial of), see !
turkey, n. talotalo.
trial; (endeavour) yin ko- turmeric, gangamau, ganga-
kari, taha kokari; t. diligently mu.
to follow his tradition ku turn in, a, at the edge of a
hada kokarinku ga sunna tai. garment, n. shafi.
tsetse-fly, tsando, aworo. turn, V. 1. tr. (to move round)

Tuarek, n. gent. Azbin, Asbin, maida to t. away from juya

;

Ba-Azhine, pi. Azbifiawa, ma; to t. the head away from

Ashinawa. kau da kai to t. back, or t.
;

Tuesday, n. ranar taJata. over juya; to t. upside down

tuft of hair, n., a t. on the jiche, jichi, jirkiche, kifa
head tukku, tukkmva t. o, ; (K.) ; to t. over (e.g. a mat,
h. in the middle of the head piece of cloth etc. for the
zanko ; see hair ; t. of grain purpose of folding) lijike or
geza, pi, gezuna^ tuntu. nimka ; to t. round, or t. over
tug, tr. V. (to haul along) ja; bankada, hankade^ kifa^ kife
seedraw. t. aside (off the road,
intr. to

tumour, kurji, gyaynbo, jam- or out of the way) ratsa,

badej see abscess. rache, raise, baudi, karkache,

tumult, n. (noisy clamour of a e.g. we t. aside from Kano
multitude) hargoiva ; t. (e.g. 7mcn ratsa Kano ; to t. back
of war) Jhrmaki, rigima, fal- tankwashe ; to t. over kewaye
maki. or kewayi ; to t. round (to
turban, n. rawani, pi. rawunna revolve) id., e.g. my head
spec, a white muslin t. with turned round (of giddiness
red ejJges zabuta; t. of etc. ) kaina ya kezvaye ; to t.

whitQ muslin harsa, ha^sa; round (of a single change of

white stuff for making t. position) waiwaya, waiga,
mabaras ; a variegated cloth e.g. when he called me I

used for making turbans, turned round and saw him

 turning 269
ulcer
da ya kira rii na waiwaya na moment of time) kyaptawan
gan shi; to t. out (to become ido or keptawa da gani.
eventually) fUa, e.g. he twins, n. pi. tugwaye, tatvaye,
turned out well ya fita na-
spec, next child born after
gari.
twins gamho, gumhd^.
2. (to change or change twist, tr. V. gusda, kitso (e.g.
into) tr.andintr., see change.
the hair); to t. the neck
turning, participial n. juyawa,
nadiye (K.), murda, murde
jujuyawo, waiwayaiva, waige
(K.), mirde (S.),
(K.), p]. waige-ivaige.
murgude,
kwakwume; to t. thread, etc.
turtle, n. ijuma (S.) mud
; t. murje^ hurka, ndde, yin nadi,
kijifiya.
lauya; (in plaiting rope, etc.)
turtle-dove, n. kurchiya, pi.
fMhka, tujka, tupka, tumka,
kurchecheki and k^irchiyoyi,
tukka, darza; intens.
u-(da, pi. walu.
form
mummurda twisting cotton
;
tusk, n. zaga ; an elephant's t. round a pin before spinning
haurin giwa, hauri; cf. ivory, kulla.
tweezers, matsefata.
twisted, adj. a inurgude.
twelfth, ord. num. na-goma sha
twisting, n. nddi; t. of strands
hiyu, fem. ta-goma sha hiyu.
into threads tilka, tukka.
twelve, card. num. goma sha two, card. num. hiyu
by twos ;
hiyu, also sha hiyu ; t. times
hiyu hiijw, t. hundred
sau goma sha hiyu. dari
hiyu or metin- t. thousand
twentieth, ord. num. na-ishirin aljin.
na-ashirin, fem. ta-ishiri7i.
01-
tying, kumshi, see tie.
twenty, card. num. ishirin, tyranny, alfarma, yaji.
as]Liri7i; in counting by twen-
ties hauya and Idso {= a score) udder, n. nono, pi. nonuwa,
are especially employed,
e.g. hantsa.
hauya uku = sittin. Ugliness, kwarjini, muni,
twice, numeral adv. sau hiyu. mu-
gunta.
twig, n. tsumanjiya, tsumajiya,
llgly, adj. da kwarjini,
tsumagiya, reshe, rishe, kirare. mam-
muna, mummuiia, da muni.
twilight, n. (that before dawn)
Ulcer, n. gyamho,
jijiji a.ho ji/jif,
pi. gyam-
oMjir. huna, mele; corneal ulcer
twinkling of an eye, n. (a hakiya; see scab.
umbrella 270 undress

umbrella, n. le^na*, laima*, uncleanness, n. (in a physical

tuta* or tuti*, pi. tutochi. sense) dauda ;
(in a wider
unabashed, da kwarkwasa. sense) kazamta, kazanta,
unable, to be gdza^ kasa I am ; tozari, jdraba, ja'ira, janaba.
u. to go na gdza tafiya they ; uncooked, adj. danye ; u. flesh

were u. to overcome sun gaza nania danye.

isa; buwaya, e.g. I am u. to uncover, tr. v. yaye.
do it na buwaya. under, adv. and prep, kalka-
unalloyed, adj. safi; see un- shin (S.), karkashin (K.), ka.'<.

mixed. underneath, adv., cf. preced-

unbaked, an u. pot danyen ing.

kasko. understand, v. ji, fahimta or

unbecoming, adj. haram, ha fakumta*, hankalta, yin
daidai ; he did what was
e.g. tsimi,_ e.g. I u. your words,
u. ya yi abin da ba daidai ba. I u. quite well na ji ma
unbeliever, n. kafiri, pi. kd- ganakka sarai he under-
;

firai, kdfirawa; to become stood (i.e. you need say no

an u. kafirta. more) ya yi kdrin Tuagana
unbind, tr. v. kunche, kunchi, to u. well intens. sansanche ;

kwanche. to fail to u. gigiche or gigi,

unbound, pass. part, kwanche, rudi*, gagata, the last taking
fern, kivanchiya, pi. kuntu. da before object, e.g. I failed
uncertain, adj. da zuchiya na gagata da shi.
to u. it
biyu ; I am u. ina da zuchiya understanding, n. 1. (compre-
biyu ; to be u. yin tantama. hending, comprehension) /a-
uncertainty, n. (a state of himchi, jiyayya, tsimi, kari ;

doubt) kokanto, tambaba, tan- (knowledge, cleverness) azan-

tama, tachetache. chi ; lack of u. gigi, see also

unchaste, adj., see profligate. ability.

unchastity, n. zallantaka. 2. (a good u.) jiyayya.
uncle, maternal, n. rdfani, undo, tr. v., see untie; (to
kaww, (father's brother) bd- annul, render vain) wqfinta ;

bani. (to ruin) bata.

unclean, adj. (dirty, foul) da undress, v. debe or debo, tube,
dauda, kazdmi; ceremonially jitas da all with riguna,
u. haram. da haram. etc.
 undressed 271 until

undressed, pass, particip., see unloose, katsi, see untie.

naked, unlucky, something u. shu'wmi.
uneven, adj. (of a surface) da unmixed, adj. (pure from ad-
kurzuna, see rough, mixture) tsalka,tsatsalka,saji,
unfasten, to halle. kuna u. water kuna rutva.
;

ungird, tr. v.
he sunche, e.g. unprofitable, adj. babu anfani,
ungirded his camel ya sunche da babu an/ani, banza, babu
rakuminsa. riba.
ungrateful, adj. huUdu, mcd- unravelled, to become u. war-
hutulchi. wari.
unintelligible talk, hauhawa, unripe, adj. da7iye or danyi,
hobawa. pi. danyoyi, danyu ; u. fruit
unique, adj. kadaichi.
jimbiri (S.).
unit, guda.
unsaleable, ya ki sayuwa.
unite, tr. v. gama; intr., to u. untidiness, barkatai ; cf
closely garwaya. everything in his house is
unity, n. dayanchi^ spec, to
-, untidy duka gidansa bar-
profess the u. of God tau- katai ya ke.
hida* or tauhidi*. untie, tr. V. kunta, kunche,
unkind, magaya, magauchi, kwanche (K.), sunche or sin-
pi. magata. che, balle, katsi, bainye, banye.
unlawful, adj. da haram or untied, pass, particip. kunche,
haram; n., anything u. or kwanche, fern, kunchiya, pi.
what is u. haram or haramu, kuntu.
abin haram, shirku u. gain
; until, till, prep, and conj. ha,r,
or profit haramiya.
hal,kamin, prep., e.g. he fol-
unless, conj. sai, sai ko, e.g. he lowed the true path u. now
is not without reason, u. he ya bi hanyar gaskiya har
refuses to listen to that yanzu; conj., e.g. let them
which thou showest to him quarrel u. they are tired a
ba shi rasa huja ha sai ya ki bar su su facia har su gaji ;
jin abin da ka nuna mai. sai, prep, with nouns of time,
unload, tr. v. gen. shida or e.g. u. to-morrow sai gobe
shide; to u. camels, etc u. evening sai mareche these ;

1, sabki, sapka, safka, expressions are elliptical,

I, sauki. some such v. as wait, etc.
untimely 272 usage

being understood before them, soared u p sha/o ya tashi bisa ;

as is the case also when sai he climbed u. the tree ya hau

is used as a conj., e.g. give itache daf daf.
up delaying you are u. uphold, tr. V. (to support, e.g.
old bari jira sai ka tsufa as a tent-pole) tokdra.
kana, kan*, kanda, kamin, upon, prep, bisa or a bisa,

conj, = then and not u. then, which may also be followed

so that the corresponding by ga e.g. u, it bisa garesa
; ;

English sentence contains a he got u. the horse ya hau

negative, e.g. don't eat our bisa7i (or bisa ga) doki.
bread you have eaten your
u. upright, e.g. I stood u. na
own ka chi gurasanka kana tsaya daidai.
ka chi tamu. uproot, to tumbuke.
untimely, an u. birth kwatan- upset, V. 1. tr. jirkiche, jiche,
tanwa^. jichi, kifa (K.), birkichi or
unto, prep, (a strengthened birkiche ; to u. (so as to spill
form of to) ga\ with pro- water, etc.) zubda, zubda ma,
nouns gare^ zuwa, ya zuwa; dole, kikkifa.

in correlative expressions 2. intr., to u. or to be u.

combined with har, e.g. from (of men, etc.) tuntsure ;

(of a

this border unto that daga boat) durimi, dirimi, dulmiye.

iyakan na7i har ga iyaka upside down, to turn, tr. v.

chan. jirkiche, jiche, jichi, shiche,

untrue, adj. kakari^ ; the n. shida.

kariya {- Engl. a story ') is '
urinate, intr. v. yin bawali, yiv
constantly used in this sense, bowali, yin boli, yin fitsari.
e.g. whether true or u. I do urine, n. fitsari, bawali, bowali,
not know gaskiya ko kariya boli.

ban sani ba. us, pers. pron. obj. mu suffixed

untrustworthy, an u. person to verbs and prepositions,

danyen kasko (lit. an unbaked e.g. he called u. ya kira mu ;

pot). to u. ma mu, or with assimi-

unwell, adj. ra^hin lafiya, lation m,umu.
maras-laRya ; see ill. usage, n. (custom) ada, taada,
up, adv. (upwards, aloft) bisa, tada (S.), pi. tadodi, see cus-
a bisa, dqf; e.g. the falcon tom.
 use
273
vaunt
use, ID. (utility,
advantage, pro- uvula, beli, belli, hakiu wuya,
fit, gain) anjxmi; e.g. what
kwadon halshe.
is theof ink? tadaivau.

minene an/mmita'i of u. da
I
vaccination, dashin yar-rani
anfani of no u. babu anfdni;
•

vagabond, adj. gujeje, dan

a man of no u. muhmien
karma.
woji-; I am making u. of him vagabondage, ynagi.
ina moronsa.
vagina, tsele.farjL
use,tr. V.
(toemploy),nogeneral vain, adj. (empty,
term, worthless)
they u. flesh for
e.g.
banza, kakari, amere
food abinchinsu nama ; in v.
; they harna{-K.),ba7ma{^.)- (con-
u. skins only for clothing ceited) see conceit,
rigunansu duka sai da
fata ; valiant, mai-yaji.
they u. force suyia
yin tilas; valley, kwari, hvare
lie can u. the (S.), n
axe shina iya see ravine,
,

yin aiki da gatari; (to

make value, n. (estimated worth
"• of, i.e.
in
profit by) a^ifdni,
money) daraja, antaya, see
anfdne •
(to be wont) verbal
price,
forms with ka7i, e.g. he used vanity, n. (emptiness, worth
to come home at
night shi lessness)
kan tafo gida da dare kakari, abin woji
to be ;
(conceit, foolishness) wauta,
used to (to be accustomed
to) fadin kai, see conceit,
saba da ; e.g. camels
are used vapour, n. (mist, fog) hazo
to men rakumma sun saba da ; v.
rising in hot sun kawalwal-
mutane ; which do you
u. ? niya.
wanne ka ke moro %
variance, n. (dissension, dis-
useful, adj. da
anfans ^nai- agreement), see discord.
anfani', it is u.shinada akiba variation, n., see difference.
useless, adj. babu anfani, various, adj. dabam dabara,^
hanza ; u. toil wata reran. daban daban, e.g. v. things
uselessly, to work, intr. v. are sold in the market
sunktviya or suftkuya.
abubuwa dabam dabam a
aselessness, n. wojt.
sayas da su chikin kasuwa.
^sury,^;^^^o*.
vase for scent, n. wakiya.
iterus, mahaifa.
vaunt, to rangwada (S.), ra^i-
itility, 11. see use.
J
gaji (K.).
R. H. n.
18
veal 274 victory

veal, n. naman maraki. e.g.he was v. fearful ya ji

vegetable-marrow, kabushi, tsoro dayawa, etc. some- ;

ruguguwa. times this idea is expressed

veil, n., long V. lulluhi, lid- by repetition, e.g. v. fast, or v.

lube or lillibi, zane* ; a v. quickly 7naza maza; v. slowlj

worn over the mouth and or V. quietly sannu sannu ;

hanging down in front amd- spec. V. red ja wur ; v. black

wali. baki kiriii, baki wur ; v.

veil, tr. V. luUuba ; refl. to white /ari fat ; v. much (of

V. oneself, id. habitual actions) is often ex-
vein, n. jijiya, pi. jiwoji or pressed by V. /aye, e.g. dogs
jijiyoyi, maji^idya (K. ) ; veins bark v. muchait night karimka
coll. dagura. sun /aye ha/shi da dare.
velvet cloth, kind of, n. kada- vessel, n. 1. (utensil for hold-
miskin, kararniskiri, muhijl, ing anything) tukunya, pi.

yapki, yauki. tukane or tukwane ; a v. made

velvet-mite, karamiskin, kara- of clay kasko, pi. kasake ; a
muskin, karmuskin. . V. made of skin tandu; spec.
vendor, of small goods dan koli. a glass V. ta7igaram.
venereal disease, basiru, miri- 2. see boat.
yau, piyauka. vex, tr. V. wahalshe, refl. to ^

vengeance, to take, v. rama. oneself wahalda.

Venus, (the planet) n. matan vexation, n.haushi; see anger.
wata, lit. the wife of the moon. vexed, to be, intr. v. jin haushi,
verandah, shirai, shirayi. e.g. he is v. with me yana jin

verify, to hakikanta. haushina; phr. my heart is

verily, adv. hakika, an che, ai, v. zuchiyata ta tafasa.
da gaskiya, see truly, vice, n. 1. (profligacy) zina.

vermin, see tick, etc. 2. (a defect, blemish) aibi,

verse, a v. of the Koran, n. aibu.

aya, pi. ayoyi ; verses of a vicinity, habarra (Ar.).
song tsarin maganganu. victory, n. nasara, na^archi.
vertigo,n., see giddiness. bijinta ; to gain a v. nasara

very, adv. dayawa, most fre- with yi or samu, e.g. li^

quently with the expression gained a v. ya yi (or ya samv
thrown into a nominal form. nasara.
victuals 275 wages

victuals, n. ahinchi, tuivo, vision, n., see sight 1.

chwta, chimaka. visit, tr. V. jaurtyi ; spec, of a

view, 11., see sight 2. religious v. to a shrine or
vigorous, karsani. holy person ziyara, ziyarche.
vile, adj. kazami, ditniya*. visitor, n. (guest or stranger)
village, n. kauye, pi. kauyuka, bako, fern, bakiiwa, pi. baku7ia,
unyuiva, angthiva. baki or bakokuna.
villain, n. mai-masifa, mugun vital, a V. spot makdsa.
mufum. vizier, ivaziri*.
villainy, n. (mischief, wicked- voice, loud, n. muriya, pi,

ness) masifa, muyunta, she- muriyoyi.

go n taka, shege *. void, to make, tr. v. wofinta.
vine, wild v. ayana, dafura, vomit, yin amai, (to dribble)
V.

tsibiri kinkhii, chibrikinkini tumbudi, artiaye, gdtse.

edible-stemmed V. (Vitisquad- vomiting, gashi, (e.g. after
rangularis) dadori ; rubber drinking poison) bard.
V. alubada, alibada, chiwo. voracious, see greedy,
vinegar, n. ruwan tsami, yami. voracity, n. zowari, zwari, zari.
violate, to taka. vowels, n. hajatu* points or ;

violence, n. (i.e. tyrannical or V. placed above or below

wrongful V.) tsanani; (physi- letters wasali.
cal force) karifi, e.g. by v. vulture, n. angidu, agidu,
(by force) da kai'ifi, da tilas. augulu, fern, angula, agula,
violin, a musical instrument pi. angullai; the crested eagle
resembling a goge*. angidun kwakwa; the fishing
viper, gajera, injihau, tsada- V. jayaki, meke, maiki, mai-
raki, kububiitva, sha-7iono, see kiya, niikiya.
snake.
virago, kazgama. wag the head, to, v. (in token
virgin, n. budurutva, pi. budu- ofassent) gydda kai, also
rutvai, ktirkiya, pi. kurkoki, kdda kai to w. or move the
;

kurkiyoyi, bikira, sagara. head (in token of dissent)

virginity, budurchi, buduru- kauda kai.
tvanchi. wage war, to, v. yin yaki.
visible, to become (of a star) wages, coll. lada, jinga, aldro,
keio, bidlo*. ijdra ; one who pays w. mai-
18—2
wagtail 276 wand
jinga ; to pay \v. yin jinga, walk, intr. v. (to move slowly
ijarta; a w. -earner dan ijdra, on foot) yin yawo this is ;

dan jinga. used of the act of walking

wagtail, madikin kasa. itself and of promenading, or
wail, n. kuka. taking a w. ; very frequently
wail, V. kuka with yi or the in this sense the phr. shan j

forms in na. iska (lit. to drink the wind) is \

waist, dunu. combined with yatvo or tafi^

wait, intr. V. gen. expressed by e.g. we walked for an airing

means oi jima, e.g. w. a little muka yi yawo shan iska to w. ;

jlma kddan, or jim kddan \ about zago; to w. backwards

w. a while sai anjirtia ; to and forwards zago, jaivagi* ;

w. a short timejinjima ; where to w. on all fours rarrafe to ;

the meaning is obvious tsaya w. on tiptoe sanda to w. ;

(stop) is often used; to w. proudly takama; to try to w.

iorjira, jirache, jiratajiraya (to toddle) of infants dubho \

(S.), tsumaya (K.), yi7i jin- dubbo.

kiri, dakata, dakanta, e.g. walking, verbal n. yauiva; w.
T waited for you 7ia dakanta fast or excitedly gagawa ;
w.
7na ku, yin ddko', to w., i.e. to up and down in weaving |

linger ddde. tvadari.

wait, lying in, n.fako, aranfak% walking-stick, gwalma.
kwanto ; a place for lying in wall, n. katanga, gam, rmya
w. 7nafaka. (Z.), shirgiya, barza, e.g. if

wait, to lie in, intr. v. yinfako. he comes out his wits are at
waiting, dakachi, ddko, jinkiri, the house wall (i.e. at home)
tsayi. idan ya jito hankalinsa da
wake, to, intr. v. (to cease to barza ; the w. of a house
sleep) falka ; tr., to w. one built of mud bango, pi. barir ,

up tada, tayas, falkad da. gaye or banguna ; the inner Jj

wale, made by a whip etc., n. w. of a house kwasandi ;

kidu, pi. kulayi. a w. round a town gantva ;

walk, (pathway) hanya, pi.

n. the grass covering of aw. to

hanyoyi also fig. of the

; keep off rain boto.
religious w., e.g. to follow the wand, carried by officials, n.

true w. bi hanyan gaskiya. rukuke.

wander 277 wash

wander, to, intr. v. ; fig. to w. cry is considered an omen of

from (to stray from) a path war zakaran dawaki v., to ;

sail hanya or tafarki ; to w. make or wage w. yin yaki ;

aimlessly shishu/a. instruments of w. kayan ddya.

wanderer, landi*. warbler, grass w. purpur, sari-
wandering, n. yauim-, w. of ki7i kridi.
animals matataki. ward off, to, tr. v. tsdra, tsdri,

wane, intr. v. rayu, e.g. the fmre, tsdro, tsdrlma, kdre.

day wanes (or is on the w.) warm, to, tr. v. zd/a/a ; to w.
noiii ta rcujii. the hands yasa hannu ; refl.

want, n. 1. (need, lack) rashi to w. oneself at a and fire,

Av. of health rashin lafiya. intr. to become w. jin wuta
2. (penury) talauchi, see to w. up food dumama.
poverty ; v., to be in w. of warm, adj. mai-dunii, see hot.
rasa, e.g. he is not in w. of warmth, dumi.
an excuse ba shi 7'asa huja ba. warn, tr. v. harbarta, kadarta,
want, to, 1. (to be without) tr. garydda, also galkadi with yi
V. i'dsa, kasa. or the forms in na.
2. (to desire) so, e.g. I w. warning, n. galkadi, gargadi,
you to give me money ina so kashedi, habartatva *.
ka ba tii kurdi. warrior, n. mayaki, gungama,
wanting, particip. (lacking, jajirma*, zarumi, zarmi, pi.
devoid of) prelix maras-, e.g. zarumawa or zarumai, ja-
w. sense maras-hankali ; w. rimi *, sadauki, sha-bauje ;

strength 7naras-karifi ; w. (in fig. (lit. a large snake) gam-

the sense of short) hilafa^. sheka, gamshika; (lit. a black
wanton, n., see profligate. snake) mrcsasau* ; a boastful
wantonness, n., see vice 1. w. gugara* ; a chief w. rago* ;
war, n. yaki, pi. yakuna or a strong w. gizgari* ; w. with-
yakoki, gdba*, zaman spec, a ; out load, i.e. carrying only
holy w. jihddi, jahddi ; a civil arms sunku7'u* see soldier. ;

w. basasa ; a proclamation of wart-hog, alhanzir, hanzir,

w. fdyara ; a charm for pro- durungu.
tection in w. maganin yaki wash, tr. v. wa7ike or waTika
a day fixed ranar
for w. in pregn. sense w. and bring
yamu ; a large bird whose back waiiko'j to w. over wii,h
 washed 278 waterspout i

water ycifa, yafo; w. well ruwaiwai; cold w. ruivcm \

kivala, kwara, wanke kalai. sanyi; hot w. ruwan zafiy \

washed, pass. part, n-ankakke, ruwan dumi drinking w, ; I

fern, wankakka, pi. wankakku. ruwan sha rain w. ruwan

; j

washing, n., w. (ablution) al- Allah or ruwan sama a sip ;

j

walla. of w. guwa a beam for ;

j

washing, w. away zarni. drawing w. jigo, pi. jiguna^ \

wasp, n. zirnako, jinako, zhiako, kutdra^ splash of w./unjurriy

;

damafifito, rina; the mason bundum-bunduni v., to ;

w. zanzaro, zazaro (S.). draw w. jan ruiva, kwalfa^

waste, n. 1. (destruction, debe and debo ruwa, dauka
harm, loss) barua, banna. ruwa; pure w. kutia ruwa; i

2. (wilderness) daji. tomake w. yin fitsari, boli ; \

waste, tr. v. (to spoil, destroy) muddy w. gurbatachen ruwa ; :

bdta, bdtas, banna; to w. w. which wells slowly up ru-

money (i.e. dissipate, squan- wan jira ; still w. kuruma ;

der) bdtas (and kdshe) kurdi; the sound of running w. [

to lay w. yin kadaita. kur-kur-kur, war-war-icar. \

wasted, pass. part, batache, water, to (i.e. to give to drink)

fem. batachiya, pi. batattu; v., shdda.
to be w. (i.e. spent) bache, water-buck, ambeche, dodoka,
e.g. the ink is w. (i.e. dissi- yaktwiba, gwambaza. \

pated, dried up) tadawa ta water-cress, lajuwa.

*
bache] (of man, with disease) water-fowl, a black w.-f. di-

yanktvayie, see emaciated. niihnilo, dumulmuli (S.).

waster, raygo^ see idle. watering, shadawa.

watch, n. (time-piece) ?oto*, water-lily, bddo, kola (S.).

sa^a*. water-pot, n. tidu, pi. tiduw ;

watch, V. tsdra, tsdri, tsdre, spec, pumpkin or gourd from

tsdro and tsdrmia, kulo, yin which w.-pots are made dnma,
shigoro, zura ido to w. care-; dumaimai, dumame, iiy^"^-
pi.

fully duba, dubo; to w. cattle dama, jallo (K.).

^ kiiiio. waterproof, riyar ruwa.
watching, shigoro. waterside, n. (watering-place)

watch-tower, mabdga (S.). inashaya.

water, n. ruwa, pi. ruwaye^ waterspout, inda,raro (S.).
 watery 279 weaver-bird
watery, adj. da ruwa. him mun gan ski suffixed to ;

wattles of a cock, n. lehatu^ auxiliary of the future and

laihatu. to the passives, e.g. we will o-o
wave, tr. v. (to move to and together za mu tare ; we were
fro) yin shillo, veto; she is driven out aka jitas da mu.
waving her kerchief tana weak, rashin kariji, maras-
adj.
(/il(jiza kallahinta. babu karifi, kumdma,
kariji,
waves, n., of water rakummau raunana, dagogo (Kats.).
ruwa; heat w. in the air diyal weakness, n. kumamanchi,
rana. ramni.
waving, shillo, wealth, n. gatanchi, fajirchi,
wax, n. gabduw€t* (from the property, riches,
see
ear) daudan kunne see bees- ; wealthy, adj., see rich 1.
wax, wean, tr. v. yin yaye.
wax-bill, (bird) asisi, baiwai^ weapon, mahalbiyi, see arms,
Allah. wear, tr. v. m* (lit. put on)
way, n. (road and also fig. of used with riga etc.
rehgion, etc.) hanya, pi. hnn- weariness, n. gajiya, gajetva,
yoyi, fafarki, pi. tafarkoki, gajiyawa, angaje.
babe, turba, turbobi (of weary,
p]. ; adj. da ycijiya ; v., to
temper, character) kali, pi. feel w. jin gdjiya.
halai, e.g. that is his w. weather, duniya dadi;
fine, n.
halinsa ke nan in this w. ; it will be fair w. za a yi
hakanga, see thus v., to go ; sarari the w. is bad to-day
;

out of the vv. (to make room yau ba sarari ba.

for) raise; to lose the w. weave, v. saka a frame used ;

ratsa (or ratse) hanya, kar- in weaving through which

kache ; to build or construct the warp threads pass after
a w. gina hanya and gen. to leaving the allera, masefi.
prepare a w. gyara hanya; weaver, n. ag. masaki, ma-
phr. I know my w. about na saka; weaver's loom takala
sani duniya. weaver's shuttle masaka.
we, pers. pron. nominative sep., weaver-bird, the yellow w.-b.
e.g. all we or we all 7nu duka; jira; the long- tailed w.-b.
we two mil biyu ;
prefixed (Vidua principalis) zidaidu,
to past tenses, e.g. we saw zulaidi, sometimes called
weaving 280

sarikin tsuntsaye ; the black- weight, n. 1. (measured hea

tea'^H
headed yellow w.-b. kahare ;
ness) aroo \ culaVi
for particulal
the black-headed w. finch measures of w. see mishuiL
shaida. rotaV^ ; v., to feel in order to
weaving, sdka to walk up ; discover the w. of a thing
and down for purposes of jinjini ;
giving short w. tm-
w. wadari the pulley on a
; kure.
loom on which the peddles 2. (heaviness) nauyi, na)i-
work chikalkora the wooden ; wa*.
board to which the unwoven weighty, adj. (heavy) da nan-
thread of the warp is fastened yi.
kunkuru the revolving cage
; welcome, interj, used as a
on which the spun yarn is salutation on meeting after
wound before w. yaro-ha-ki- a long time marhaha, mdrahu
wuya. harka da zuwa, harka da yini ;

web, spider's, n. sumya, shaii- see also under sanu.

shando (S.). welcome, tr. v. (to leceive as
wedding, n., see marriage; a guest) shide, marhabshe,
w. festivities amarchi. tarairaiya, tarha, tarhi,
Wednesday, n. ranal laraJm, well, n. rijiya, pi. riyoji or
laraha, larha. rijiyoyi ; a deep w. rijiya da
weed, tr. V. yin tsintsuwan zurfi^tumniya ; spec, a beam
chiyawa. for drawing water out of a
week, this day w. ydda yau :
w. jiyo, pi. jiguna v., to dig ;

to-morrow w. ydda gohe. a w. gina rijiya falling in ;

weep, intr. v. yin hawaye of a w. hurma.

see cry. well, to w. out tsatsdfa.
weevil, a small w. which eats well, adj. 1. (right, proper,
corn ku7i-ki-chi*. advantageous) da kyau.
weigh, tr. V. auna, aii7ii, 2. (in good liealth) dc
awuna, yin awo, gwada ;
lajiya and lajiya, e.g. are you
actions are weighed ayiika w. ? kana lajiya ? quite w.
awonsu. sai lajiya or lajiya lau ; he
weighing, verbal n., anything came back here w. ya komo
for w. with ahin awo; any- lajiya ; to be w. yin lajiya.
thing used for w. ma-auna. 3. adverbial expressions
 west 281 wherever
are (of approbation) w. da whatever, indef.
:
rel. pron.
kyau; (of doubt, hesitation) komi, whatever begins
e.g.
w. to, aya, aiya as w. as
!
; will come to an end komi ya
(together with) tare da; w. faru za shi shi kare ne.
then (introducing a state- whatsoever, indef. rel. pron.
ment) ddga nan. komine, wh. you do, it
e.g.
*
west, n. yamma, magariba. will be of no use komine ka
westward, adv. yammachi. yi babu anfani.
wet, n. (rain) ruiva; cf. seq. wheat, n. alkama; w. in good
wet, to be, intr. v. (of the condition alkama tsa^-i ; tuft
weather) ana e.g. it is w. of w. geza, pi. gezuna ; ear of
ruwa; it was very w. an yi w. kube, see ear.
rmva dayawa (to become ; wheel, n. 7'umbuiva^, ujalaJ^,
wet) jiki wetted or; (to be keke.
put in water) a jika tsant- whelp, n. kwikuyo or kurk-
sama, mma (S.) to be very wiyo,
;
pi. kwikuye.
w. jika sharkap. when, adv. 1. rel. da, yanda,
wet-season, n. damdna or yawanda, yaushe, sa'an da,
damuna; to pass the w.-s. yin lokachin da, ran da, kagada
damdna under rainy,
; see (S.), idan or izan, kddan, kan,
what, pron. dependent rela-
1.
kamin, kur^ or kul*.
tive (that which) abin da, 2. interrog. when 1 yaushe,
e.g. I seewhat you want na wache sa^a, wa7ine lokachi ;
ga7ii abin da ka ke so.
since wh.tun yaushe, ddga
1
'2. interrog.
what 1 mi, me, yaushe until wh ? har yaushe ?
; .

mirie and mhiene, e.g. what

whence P ddga iyia 1
has happened to you ? mi ya
whenever, adv. ko yaushe, e.g.
same ka what shall we do ?
1.
wh. he gets up he falls down
mi za mu yil also adj. wa, again ko yaushe shi tashi ya
ivanene, fern, tvac/ie, wacheche,
fadi kuma,
pi. smvane and suwa-
sutva, where, adv. 1. rel. inda, wurin
nene, e.g. what is his name ? da.
wa simansal what kind of 2. interrog. where? inal
bird is this? wanne irin
wherefore P adv. domi 1 dom-
tsu7ht8nwa ke nan 1 see under mi or domin mi 1 see why.
who. wherever, adv. koina.
18—5
whether... or 282 who
whether... or, correlatives y al- fat ; a wh. (i.e. one of a wh.
ia... ko^ ko...ko. race) ba-ture.
which, see who. whiten, to far anta.
while, a little, n. jitna kadan whitened, pass, particip. fd-
and jira kadan. raya, pi. fdrayu.
while, adv. rel. tun da, e.g. whitish, (i.e. dirty white) far
while they were speaking fari.
together I ran oflf ttun da who, pron. 1. rel. (also which,
suna yin magana na taji da the objective whom, and the
gudu ; wh. they were about I'el. wanda, fern, wadda,
that)
to kill him a wonderful thing pi. wadanda, also simply
happened tun da za su ka- da the possess, whose is
;

she shi abhi mamaki yafaru. expressed by the foregoinoj

whip, n. (of skin) kurfu, pi. with the corresponding po>
kurafu, bulala, pi. bulalai. sess. pron. suffixed to the
whip, tr. V. yin bulala, yin object possessed, e.g. theman
kurfu, e.g. he whipped them whose camel I killed mutum
ya yi ma su bulala. wanda na kashe rakuminsa.
whirling, n. juyi. pronominal interrogative
2.

whirlwind, n. guguwa, used who 1 (also = which 1) wa,

esp. for dust storm. wa7ie and wanene, fem. wa^he,
whiskers, saje, pi. sajoji; w. lOacheche, pi. suwa, suwane,
and moustache washefe. e.g. who wa ke nan
is this ? ;

whisper, intr. v. rada, chim- who are you?

wanene kai;
baya, both esp. in bad sense. which are they ? suwane m' ;

whisperer, n. ag. mai-rada. which of them? wane ch'i-

whispering, n. rada. kin su; which woman amoni;,
whistle, n., made of horn them ? waxihe chikin su who ;

ktvabura (K.), kwabira (S.). is this? wanene wannan\ the

whistle, intr. v. (with the lips) possess, whose? is expressed

yinfito, yinflto. by placing the name of the
whistling, participial n. fe- object possessed in the con-
duwa, fito, feto, shewa. nective before the interrog.,
white, adj. fdri, fern, fara, e.g. whose daughter art thou %

farfara, pi. fdrare, fdru-fdru (i.e. who is thy mother?) diyar

or far/aru; very wh. fdri wacheche ki ke ; whose son is
 whoever 283 will

he ? dan wa shi ke ; whose person mugun mutum, mala-

horse is this? dokin wa kenan. loAihi.
3. the adjectival interroga- wickedness, n. mugunta, Idbo,
tive forms are wanne, fern. shegantaka.
wache, pi. wddanne ; who is he? wide, da Jddi, maifadi,
adj.
wa7ine shi; what woman is bikiki, da faski n., a w. ;

it that has come? wache mache

place yalwa it is two cubits;

che wannan wadda ta zo; w./adinsa (=its width) kaimi

what men are these? wadanne biyu.
mutane ke nan. wide-opened, adj kurkurkur*. .

whoever, indef. pron. kowa^ widow, n. zauwara, zaura,

duka wannan da; see soever, gwabruwa, jaura, bazawara,
whole, n. dukachi, dukanta, gwamruwa, pi. gwamraye
e.g. the w. of mankind 6^0-
a w. during her time of re-
kctchin mutane. treat tdkaba.
whom, rel. and interrog. pron., widower, gwabro, gwauroy
see who. gwamro, jauri, zauri.
whore, n. shakaliya, pi. sha- widow-finch, zulaidu.
kalai, karuwa. widowhood, zauwarchi.
whoredom, n. shakalchi, karu- width, n. fadi, faski, e.g. its
tvanchi. w. is ihiii fadinsa ke nan.
whose, possess, rel. and in- wife, n. mata, pi. mataye; spec,
terrog. pron., see who. chief w. iiwar gida or uwal
why, dependent rel. adv. domi, gida w. of a polygamist
;

dommi, don mi, domin mi, kishiya (q.v.), pi. kishiyoyi;

he did not tell us why he did a favourite w. mowa.
this thing ha ya fadi ma mu wild, adj., see tame 1.
domi ya yi abin nan; in- wilderness, n. daji, ddwa, see
terrog. why? domi, dommi desert,
or domin mi, sahilin mi, wile, n., see stratagem,
mi ya sa, sabad da mi. will, n. 1 . (assent, consent and so,
wick, n., lamp w. made of permission) yarda, (pleasure,
twisted cotton lagwami, la- wish, determination) turn, e.g.
gwani. work your w. ku yi abin da
wicked, adj. muyu, fem. mu- kii ke so.
gunya, pi. miyagu a w.; 2. (testament) ivasichi*.
will 284 with

will, V. 1. (of consent, also winking, participial n. kyah-

willingness) yarda. tawa, kyaptawa, kanne.
2. as auxiliary of the fut. winnow, v. tankada and yhi
za, e.g. I w.run za ni gudu; tankade., bakache, sheka, shi-

he w. return here za shi komo. ka.

willow, rimni, ha ruwana. winnower, n. ag. mai-bakache,

win, V. (in gambling) ka^a, chi, mashekiya*.
e.g. I w. na chi. winnowing, tankade.
wind, n. iska or hiska, pi. winter-season, buda.
iskoki or hiskoki, holoko* a ; wipe, tr. V. shafe, karta (K.),
dusty w. malalo the Har- ; karche (S.), katse ; wiping
mattan w. iskan buda; the (e.g. of a dish) katsa; any-
w. is now blowing hard iska thing used for wiping abi7i

yana husawa yanzu da kariji shafe.

to break w. yin tusa. wisdom, n. 1. (sagacious in-
wind, tr. v.viurda^ murde(K.)y sight) lura, budi, hikima*.
7mrda, mirde (S.) to w. ; 2. (prudence, good sense)
thread wadarta intr. (to
; hankali.
coil) 7iade. wise, adj. in sense of prec. 1.

winding-sheet, n. likafani, mai-lura ; in that of prec. 2.

likka/dni. da hankali.
window, n. ^i.e. a hole to look wish, n. abhi so, fata a strong ;

out) sakata, taga (K.), pi. w. guri* unless I w. sai

;

tagaigai ; dan kofa. na ga dama.

wind-pipe, n. muriya, pi. wish, tr. V. so, nufe or nifa;
muriyoyi, janai, janyaro. to w. ior /ache; to w. rather
wine, palm-, n. bam, bami. Ji so, e.g. I w. this rather
wing, n. (of bird) fifike, Jikafike, than that na fi so wannan
pi. Jlkafikai, fukafuki, ipl./u- da wanchan.
ka/ukai, faifeto, fefeto ; w. of wit, cf. I am at my wits' end
an insect kallemu (K.); flap- dabara ta kare.
ping of w. fuffuka, pup^ika. witchcraft, n., see sorcery.
winged, adj. niai-fefeto. with, prep. 1. instrumental,
wink, V. kyabta (or kyapta) da, e.g. they slashed him w.
ido, jajache, runitsa ; to w, a sword suka save shi da
with one eye yin kanne. takobi.
withdraw •285 woman
2. comitative, da which is without, prep. 1. (devoid of,

commonly used with verbs wanting) ba, babu, bamda,

of motion, e.g. go off w. it e.g. w. doubt babit shakka,

(take it away) taji da shi babu wawa with the prefix ;

(in company w. ) tare da ;

maras- compounds are formed
(near, by) wuri na or wurhi, equivalent to the English
gun, e.g. w. the king tvuri prepositional phrase, e.g. w.
na (or wurin) sariki thou ; shame maras-kuTnya ; v., to
must seek knowledge w. the be w, rasa, tafe, taji, tabe,
Mallams kai dai a netni kasa.
shiui gun mallamai (of com- ; 2. (not within) see out-
petition and contest) da, e.g. side.
he fought w. a certain man witness, n. 1. (testimony)
ya yifada da ivami milium ;
shaida, pi. shaidai and shai-
he jnade war w. Kaffi ya yi dodi ; eye-w. shaidar ido ;

yaki da Kafi. false w. shaidar zur.

withdraw, tr. v. kauda, kau- 2. (a person who testifies)
she, turje, turjo ; to w. the ynai-shaida, pi. masu-shaida
hand danko ; intr , to w. v., to bear w. shaida with yi
from (to move away from) OJ' the forms in 7ia ; to bring
gusa, gulgusa or gurgusa, or adduce w. kai (or kawo)
toge ma, kude (S.) ; to w. shaida ; to bear false w.
into shelter noke. dartire magana.
wither, v. yaushi, tsotse and wizard, n. maye or mayi, fem.
kvmke^
tsotsi, ;
(of plants) mayya, boka, pi. bokaye.
yankwane. woe ! interj. wai, tir, e.g. w. is
withered, pass. part, shan- metvai iiiya
! w, unto you ; !

yayycy fem. shanyayya, shan- da ku see alas.

tir ;

yayyu ', spec. w. branches wolf, an animal resembling a

kivahrvha. ; w. tree koreii w. (the hunting dog), n.
it a eh''. kyarkechi, kyalkechi, kiri-
withering, n. yaushi. kiiiji, kilikinji.
withhold, tr. v. ha^ia. woman, n. mache, pi. mata,
within, prep, chikin or dclga 'mtitumniya ;
young w. ya-
cMkin, tsakan* from w. ; rinya, pi. yammata a bad ;

ddga chikin. w. karuwa, shakaliya ; a w.

womanliness 286 worse
without a husband hazaivara; work, n. (employment, busi-
a woman's loin-cloth faUiri ; ness, labour) aiki, shdgali,
an old w. yyatuma, goma, shugala*, pi. shagulgula, tsur-
l/akimiJm. fa', concr. (a production, an
womanliness, ivanchi. act, a w.) aiki, pi. aikoki
wonder, n. 1. (the feeling) net- work aikin raga ; a bad
woha*. w. aiki mugu; a day's w.
2. (something wonderful, wunin aiki; v., to refuse to
aw.) mmnaki and abin ma- w. or to shirk w. ki rvuya,
maki, ajaba, ajub, kardma. huji ; to start w. kaina aiki.
wonder, intr. v. yin woba, jm work, intr. v. aiki with yi and
matnaki, saurara*. the forms in na; to w. dili-

wonderful, adj. da matnaki. gently yin sawabe; to w.

wont, n. (= habit) tada, ada, uselessl}^ sunkwiya or i^un-

e.g. this is their w. ta- kuya; n. unwillingness to w.

dansu ke nan ; v., to be w., sassaucJti.
see accustom 2. working, n. (action, operative
wood, n. 1. (forest) rukuki. power) 2/i* q.v.

2. (the material of trees) workman, n. ag. maaikachiy

itache and iche-, a little pi. maaikata.
piece of w. dan itache ; spec. workshop, n. maaikachi*.
a long piece of w. tied behind world, duniya the next
n. ;

the ear as a punishment for vv. lahira, gidan gobe.

thieving kangalai. worm, n., an earth-w. tana, pi,
woodpecker, green makokofo, taiiu, tsutsa ; earth-worms
^nakokoji. abin kdsa; thread-w. kwaraba;
wool, n. mulufi or malufi, ulu, tape-w. tslla ;
guinea- w. kur-
f<uji^ rero^. kunu, girgamu; worms in
woollen, adj. da (or w«) ynu- horses or asses coll. dznmaki,
lufi or malufi ; woollen cloth dzurmaki.
rnidufi or malufi. worry, tr. v. wahalshe, dame;
word, n. ^nagana, pi. magan- he worried people beyond
ganu, zanche, pi. zanfMuka, endurance ya chika dam(t
kalma, kalami^, kardtu ;
imitane.
pleasant words (lit. ear broth) worse, comp. adj. mafi mv-
rotnon kunne. gunta daga.
worship '2S7 yam
worship, n. (religion, creed) wrinkled, to be takura.
addini* ;
(divine service) wrinkling, n. yaushi, yoshi.
salla; Mohammedan \\. mu- wrist, n. wuyan hannu, tsird-

sulumchi. siyar hannu; w.-bone idem

worth, (deserts) chinchinta. hannu ; spec, a w. ornament
worthless, adj. hanza, Ja'ane, worn by the heathen warami,
fern. la^ana, pi. Ja'anu, lala- pi.waramai; a wristlet made
tache, fern, kdatachiya, pi. of leather and wood daya

lalatattu, amere, ivoji, yofi w. bangles kdrau, kambu,

(S.) ; n., a w. fellow dan kambutva, warami.
hanza, wofin mutum ; to be write, V. rubuta, rubiitu, yin

w. lalache, tunkushe. rubutu, rubuche.

worthy, adj. kirki, kiriki. writer, marubuchi, pi. maru-
wound, n. rmmi, makami, biUa.

scar of a healed w. writing, n. abstr. ridnitu or

miki ;

faho, tamho. rubuchi; a w. board alio;

wound, tr. v. rauni ; to w. concr. (anything written, a

witli a spear choke. w.) lay a, pi. I away e, layii,

wounded, pass. part, da r'auni. takarda, pi. takardu, rtdmtii,

wounding, jinaya. rubuchi, litafi, pi. litattafi,

woven, pass. part, sakakke^iem. litatafai; a line of w. sha-

mkakkiyn, pi. sakakku. dara, shatsdra; spec, writing
wrap, tr. v. ya/a, yafo, sunke, from God (used of the Koran,
kanshe*. the Psalms or Gospels) za-
wrapper, n. (goatskin loin w.) bura*.
ivaiki (S.), warki (K.). wrong, n. (violation of right)
wrapping, grass, for packing laiji; v., to do w. yiu laifi,
salt, etc., n. burdumi. karkache, e.g. he did me w.
wrath, n., see anger. yet yi ma ni laifi ; I will pro-
wrestle, intr. v. yin kokuwa. duce proof so that anyone
wrestler, n. mai-kunche. may see that you are in the
wrestling, n. kokuwa, kokovja; w. ni kawo shaida kowa shi
a. w. game gumaza. gani ku ke da laifi,

wring, tr. V. murda, e.g. they

wrung the fowls' necks suka yam, n. doyei, pi. doyoyi, ma-
niurda ivuyan kaji. gurazei; a y. cooked and
yard 288 young

beaten up sakwara : koko yet, adv. har yanzu^ e.g. is your

y. givaza; a kind of y. (the father y. living ? id)anka har
Kaffir potato) rizga; a root yanzu shina da rai ; while y.
resembling a y. turmiku, cha- tu7i da, e.g. while they were
kara. y. running tun da suna gudu ;

yard, (measure of length) san- not y. tukun, tukuna with

da *. ha, e.g. he has not y. gone
yarn, (thick cotton) n. ahawa. away ha ya tafi tukuna, ha\
yawn, intr. v. mika* ; he does I have not y. found it />«//

nothing but y saishina mika.

. samu har yau.
yaws, kyambi (S. ). yoke, put on necks of slaves,
ye, pers. pron., see you. n. karkiya.
yea, adv., see yes. yokel, a hagidaje, dan kauye.
year, n. shekara, pi. shekaru, yolk of egg, n. gtvahduwc
e.g. how many years old are gicanduwa.
you shekarunka nawa or
1 yonder, 1. dem. adj. (also = the
shekara nawa kana da rai or one y.) wa7ichan,iem. wachari,
shekara nawa tun haifu- pi. wadannan, chan or cJiana,

walka; last y., adv. bara, e.g. on the y. side dag a waje
hariya ; next y. hadi this y. ; chan.
hdna v., to live (so many)
; 2. adv. (over there) chan,
years shekara; y. after y. chana, ddga chan, wuri chan.
shekara da shekaru. Yoruba people, Hausa name
yeast, n., spec. y. made of acid for ayagi, Yarihawa.
pulp of the tamarind tsamiya. you, pers. pron. (also ye) ku ;

yellow, adj. r away a, pi. rawa- to you ma ku or with assimi-

yu, spec. y. needlework on a lation 'muku.
bernouse yar-rani. young, adj. 1. (new, fresh, nut
yes, adv. i, na^am, mddalla*, used of animals or men) sdh<\
yau*, yo* ; to say y. (to as- fem. sdhuwa, pi. sahui, sahohi.
sent or consent) kada kai sahabi or sahbi.
see certainly. 2. (of animals) da, conn.
yesterday, n. jiya ; the day dan, fem. diya, pi. ya, conn.
before y. shekaranjiya, three yan, coll. diya, e.g. a y. lion
days ago tcanshekaranjiya ; dan zaki or da^t zakanya]
y. evening jiya da mareche. y. lions yan zakanya', the
 youngest 289 zizyphus
hyena brought forth her better than
y. y. dawakinmu
kura ta haife diyanta. sun naku.
fi
3. (of human beings) special yourself, yourselves, refl. and
terms are used requiring no emphatic pron. ; see self,
adj., e.g. ay. ladi/«ro, lA.yara; youth, n. 1. abstr. yarantaka,
a y. woman yarinya, pi ycmi- yarinta.
mata; a y. man, see youth, 2. concr. (ay. from fourteen
youngest, adj. auta. to twenty
years of age)
youngling, n. (of animals) samrayi, saurayi, sarmayi,
kwikuyo, lahuhu, kurkiviyo, pi. satnari.
kuyikuyu, pi. kwikuye, kuyi-
kuyai. Zaria, the town, Zazzau, Zozo
your, possess, pron. suffixed to or Zakazak; the people of Z.
a masc. n. -nku, suffixed to Zagezagi.
a fem. n. -rku, -Iku, e.g. y. zeal, himma, harama, ha-
n.
king sarikinku; separate, if zama, yaji*;
v., to show z.
the object possessed is masc. maida (or yin) himma.
naku, if fem. taku, if pi. zigzagging, kurda nan kurda
nakii. nan.
yours, (the form of prec. zithern, a kind of garaiya,
employed when the object guraiya, karaiya.
possessed is not expressly zizyphus, n., Z. spina Christi
stated but implied) with kurna; Z. lotus magariya
masc. object naku, fem. taku, Z. mucronata (buifalo-horn)
pi. 7iaku, e.g. our horses are magariyar kura.
 Cambrtlige

PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A.

AT. THE UNIVERSITY PRESS
 PUBLICATIONS OF THE CAMBRIDGE
UN.IVERSITY PRESS RELATING TO AFRICA
A History of the Colonization of Africa by Alien Races.
By Sir Harry H. Johnston, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., Hon. Sc.D. Cantab.
New Edition, revised throughout and considerably enlarged. Crown 8vo.
With 8 maps. Si-, net. Cambridge Historical Series.
Ethnology of A-Kamba and other East African tribes.
ByC. W. HoBLEY, C.xM.G., A. M. Inst. C. E. Demy 8vo. With
54 illustiations and a map. -^s. 6d. net.
The Tribes of Northern and Central Kordofdn. By
H. A. MacMichael, Sudan Civil Service, late Scholar of Magdalene
College, Cambridge. Demy 8vo. With 19 plates, los. dd. net.
Brands used by the Chief Camel-owning Tribes of
Kordofan. By the same author. Demy Svo. With 17 plates, ds. net.
Initia Amharica. An Introduction to spoken Amharic. By
C. H. Armbruster, M.A., Sudan Civil Service. Royal Svo.
Part I. Grammar. \2s. net.
Part H. English-Amharic Vocabulary with phrases. 15^. net.
Vocabularies of the Kamba and Kikuyu Languages of
East Africa. By Hildegarde Hinde (Mrs Sidney L. Hinde). Crown
Svo. IS. net.

The Masai Language. Grammatical Notes, together with

a Vocabulary. Compiled by Hildegarde Hinde. Crown Svo. 3^. 6^.
A Grammar of the Somali Language with Examples
in Prose and Verse. And an account of the Vibir and Midgan Dialects.
By J. W. C. Kirk, B.A., King's College, Cambridge, Lieutenant, Duke
of Cornwall's Light Infantry and 6th (Somaliland) Battalion, King's
African Rifles. Demy Svo. 7^'. ()d. net.
The Modern Egyptian Dialect of Arabic. A Grammar,
with Exercises,
Reading Lessons and Glossaries, from the German of
Dr K. Vollers. With numerous additions by the Author. Translated
by E. C. BURKITT, M.A. Crown Svo. \os. 6d.

Dictionary of the Hausa Language. By the Rev. Charles

Henry Robinson, D.D., sometime Lecturer in Hausa in the University
of Cambridge, Honorary Canon of Ripon. Crown Svo.
Vol. L Hausa- English. Third edition, i-evised and enlarged. 12s.net.
Vol. H. English-Hausa. Third edition, ^s. net.
Specimens of Hausa Literature. By the Rev. Charles
Henry Robinson, M.A. Small 410. \os. Translation, Transliteration
and Notes, without Facsimiles, 5^-.

Cambridge University Press

C. F. Clay, Manager
London : Fetter Lane, E.C.
Edinburgh : 100, Princes Street
^ i7^ «44
 PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE
CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY