Al Hussein Bin Talal University

Department of civil Engineering

Laboratory of Fluid mechanics

Experiment #5

Flow under Sluice Gate &

Demonstration Of H.Jump &
Flow Over a Triangular Weir
Name : Omar Mah'd Abu-Jarada
ID : 120110504089
Tuesday , (2 – 5)
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 Table Of Contents

Title ( Report 5 ) Page #

Abstract 3

Theory 3

Procedure 4

Calculations 5 - 6

Discussion & Conclusion 6

Appendix 7

Title ( Report 6 ) Page #

Abstract 8

Theory 8

Procedure 9

Calculations 10

Discussion & conclusion 11

Appendix & references 12

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Abstract :
We were going to investigate the Flow under Sluice Gate & Demonstration Of H.Jump

We used in this experiment ( Sluice Gate [ variable ] , water sources, rulers .

And, we were able to show that Sluice Gate can be used to investigate the flow of water , and to
investigate the phenomenon of H.Jump .

The Channel were subjected to atmospheric pressure.

Theory:
By applying Bernoulli's equation to the flow in a channel that the specific energy measured
from the bed of the channel at any plane is given by:

V2 Q2
ED D
2g 2 gA 2

the mean velocity is

V  2 g ( E  D)

Q2 q2
E  D  D
2 gA 2 gD 2

where q=Q / B

After differentiating with respect to depth and equating to zero to determine the conditions for
the minimum value of the specific energy EC.

q2 3
DC  3and E C  DC
g 2
is the minimum specific energy which known as the critical
specific energy.

The general expression for the Froude Number is:

VC2 2E  D 

gDC D

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 When D> Dc the Froude Number NF is less than unity and the flow is subcritical and when
D< Dc the Froude Number NF is grater than unity and the flow is supercritical

By applying Bernoulli's Equation along the free surface, the energy lost irreversibly can be
calculated as

g h2  h1 
3
E
4h2 h1

Procedure:

1. Setup the hydraulics Bench

2. Fit the slice gate in the channel at a distance of 50 cm or more form the water flow entry.
3. Fully raise the sluice gate at the discharge end of the channel so that it will not restrict the
flow.
4. Start hydraulics bench pump and adjust the flow rate.
5. Check that stable conditions are achieved at the upstream measuring point (20 cm upstream
slice gate )and when the stable flow condition are establish in the channel measure the water
depth :-
a. 20 cm upstream slice gate
b. 10 cm downstream slice gate
c. 20 cm downstream slice gate

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Calculations & Results:

Given:

Width of channel = 5.2 cm = 0.052 m.

Flow (Q) = 0.001 m³/s

Position Depth D (m) Specific Energy (m)

1 0.094 0.096133

Critical 0.025 0.055159

2 0.018 0.076177

3 0.019 0.071214

0.12

0.1 Specific Energy (m)

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0
Depth (m)

Discussion of Figure above :

We noticed the irregular relationship between the Specific energy and

the depth , and there was suddenly change of energy decreased and then
increased as the depth increased which called that (Hydraulic Jump)

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Solution :

Area (A) =B*D = 0.052*0.094 = 4.888*10^-3 m²

Specific Energy (E):

V2 Q2
ED D
2g 2 gA 2

(E) = 0.094 + (0.001)²/(2*9.81*(0.004888)²) = 0.096133 m .

Hydraulic Jump

Fr
Specific Energy
Position Depth D (m)
(m)
(Dimensionless)

0.094 0.045383
Upstream of Jump 0.096133
(Sub-critical)

0.018 6.464
Downstream of Jump 0.0761760
(Super-Critical)

Solution :

q= Q/B --> q=(0.001)/(0.052) --> q=0.19231 m²/s

q2 3
DC  and E C  DC
3
g 2

Dc= 0.033531 m. Ec= 0.0502965 m.

VC2 2E  D 
NF =  ---> NF = 2(0.096133-0.094)/0.094
gDC D

NF = 0.045383
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Discussion:
- As we looked at the table in Appendix , we noticed that

A- Irregular relation-ship between Depth (D) and [Specific Energy]

which mean that as the (D) increases as the S.Energy of flow
decrease and suddenly increases
B – From the Figure above we can determine the Region of flow .

Conclusion:

- We can obtain the relations between variables for the hydraulic

jump in a horizontal rectangular channel easily by use of the
continuity , momentum , and energy equations.

- When D>Dc as we noticed in table 2 raw 1  the Froude Number if

less than unity and flow is subcritical ... And when D<Dc the Froude
number is greater than unity and the flow is supercritical .

- This flow happened without anything that can effect on the flow in
the rectangular channel.

Appendix:

Hydraulic Jump

Fr
Specific Energy
Position Depth D (m)
(m) (Dimensionless)

Upstream of Jump 0.094 0.096133 0.045383

Downstream of Jump 0.018 0.0761760 6.464

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Abstract :
We were going to investigate the flow Over a Triangular Hump Weir .

We used in this experiment ( Triangular Weir , Measuring Position )

We assumed that the total energy line is parallel to the flow channel bed ( Remains a constant in the
flow )

Theory:
Figure 6.2 is a sketch of flow over a hump, with flow from left to right. Shown is the channel
bed and the hump. Upstream of the hump (subscript 1 notation), the flow is subcritical; downstream
(subscript 2) the flow is supercritical. Just at the highest point of the hump, the flow is critical
(subscript c). Also shown in the figure is the total energy line, which we assume is parallel to the flow
channel bed; i.e., the total energy remains a constant in the flow.

200

125

100 50
75

25

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

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 Figure 6.2: Flow over a hump in an open channel.

Procedure:

1. Setup the hydraulics Bench

2. Position the triangular wire in the channel at a distance of 50 cm or more form the water flow
entry.
3. Establish the position of the measuring points numbered from 1 to 12.
4. Fully raise the sluice gate at the discharge end of the channel so that it will not restrict the
flow.
5. Start hydraulics bench pump and adjust the flow rate.
6. When stable condition have been established at this flow rate :-
a. Measure the heights of the water surface at the measuring points 1 to 12 and record
these measuring on the result sheet.
b. Accurately determine the flow rate using the volumetric measurement tank of the
hydraulic bench.
Then adjust the flow rate and again accurately measure the flow rate and the position of the flow

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Calculations & Results:

Given:

Flow (Q) = 0.001 m³/s

Solution :

Area (A) =B*D = 0.052*0.09 = 4.68*10^-3 m²

Specific Energy (E):

V2 Q2
ED D
2g 2 gA 2

(E) = 0.09 + (0.001)²/(2*9.81*(0.00468)²) = 0.096133 m .

0.1
0.09
0.08
Specific Energy (m)

0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0
Depth (m)

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Discussion:

As we noticed above in the figure we are able to see that as

specific energy increased the depth increased and vice versa (
‫ ( العكس صحيح‬but suddenly decrease in energy and then increase
called H.Jump

Conclusion:

The was to transfer the flow from turbulent to laminar is by

decrease or increase the energy which change Reynolds no.
Either by increase or decrease.

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Appendix:
Flow rate =3600L/h

Height of Specific
Depth
Point Hump Energy

References: ( m)
(mm) (m)

- Notes in the laboratory

1 0.09 0 0.092327
- Fluid mechanics 6th
edition book. 2 0.091 0 0.093276

3 0.092 1 0.094227

4 0.09 2.2 0.092327

5 3.6
0.089 0.09138

6 0.086 5 0.088549

7 0.08 4.1 0.082945

8 0.07 3.25 0.073847

9 0.053 2.2 0.05971

10 0.035 1.3 0.050387

11 0.02 0 0.067123

12 0.017 0 0.017652

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