FIT5145- Assessment 2

SMART CITIES CASE STUDY

 Table of contents

1. Background …………………………………………………………………... 1

2. Description of Project ………………………………………………………… 1

3. Business Model ……………………………………………….……………… 1

3.1 Challenges ………………………………………………………………... 2
3.2 Benefits and opportunities ………………………………………………... 3

4. Data and data processing ……………………………………………………... 4

4.1 Big data management …………………………………………………….. 4
4.2 Big data processing platforms ……………………………………………. 4
4.3 Infrastructure for smart network ...………………………………………... 4
4.4 The 4 Vs …………………………………………………………………... 5

5. Tools used for data analysis …………………………………………………... 6

6. Analysis on the trends in smart city …………………………………………... 6

7. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………. 7

8. References ……………………………………………………………………. 8
 1. Background:
Many governments are thinking of implementing smart city idea in their towns and
subsequently applications of big data implementations that care this concept and
ultimately enhance the living standards. Smart cities use various technologies to expand
the performance of transportation, health, that leads to high level of comfort for their
citizens.
The urban planners aim at the development of the entire urban eco-system to provide for
the ambitions and neds of the peoples. This can be a long-term goal and the cities proceed
smartly to work towards developing such full structure (Mohamed, 2015).

2. Description of Project:
Smart cities will be using communication and digital information to improve the services
in the city, such as the quality, human wellbeing and the performance. Smart City can add
to diminishment of cost and asset utilization and inadequately and effectively engagement
with the citizens. Smart City applications are created with the objective of enhancing the
administration of urban flows and taking into consideration ongoing reactions to
challenges.
For a resident in India, they aspire their city to be infrastructurally advance. Presently,
31% of India’s population is in the cities. These cities produce about 63% of the country’s
economy. By the year 2030, the population for living in cites will be increased at a high
rate. So Smart cities focusses mainly on improving the life of the inhabitants both now
and in the coming upcoming future.
The chief role of this project is to review the big data applications in smart cities.
Exploration of the chances and tasks for using big data in smart cities will also be
conducted. Also, it discusses the investigation and the overall necessities for the
implementation and design of big data based tenders for smart city requests and amenities
(MHUA, 2017).

3. Business Model:
Business model describes the ways an organisation would get benefits from a given
project.
The main concern is to Sponsor the cities that can provide the structure and a good quality
of life to its peoples, also provide a fresh and a maintainable environment and the
applications of the ‘Smart’ Solutions (MHUA, 2017).
Some of the smart solutions include the following:

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 3.1 Challenges (Mohamed, 2015)

Various challenges are faced while designing, developing and deploying of applications
for the big data for the smart cities.
Some include:
Data sources and size: In a smart city, multiple sources and multiple formats generate
data. These include Structured, Unstructured, and Semi Structured. Storing and processing
of such data becomes very difficult using the traditional software. Due to the evolving
environment, it becomes difficult to predict the growth of data.

Data sharing and information: One of the hardest challenges in the IT world is the
integration of data within the organisations. There are various challenges in sharing of the
information and data across the various departments. Sharing of information becomes very
difficult as each department has its own data warehouse which works in silos. Smart city
solutions should be designed knowing on how to prevent the privacy of the citizen.

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 Quality of Data: Maintenance of the data Quality is quite a challenge as the data in the
Smart city comes from various heterogenous Systems and Are in different formats. The
data collected from different sources in the Big Data warehouse may require a specific
format but the system may require the data to be in a different format. This leads to
compromising the meaning and the quality of the data.

Security of Data: One of the biggest challenges in the smart city application
implementation is the movement of data across various sources in a secure manner.
Security here means that the correct information is given to the accurate person at the
precise time and at the precise location. So, it is very crucial to check how the data can be
masked and secured so that it doesn’t reach unwanted people.

3.2 Benefits and opportunities (Mohamed, 2015)

Few of the benefits that the Smart city project can create for the business include:

Efficient usage of resources: It is essential to mix solutions as the resources are

becoming scarce or very expensive, so that the business has a more controlled usage of
these possessions. Smart city applications are planned for interconnectivity and data
gatherings can simplify a little improved association across the various services and
applications. This is a vital feature of smart city.

Improved quality of life: With improved facilities, extra effectual work and living
models, and less waste, smart city inhabitants will have a improved value of life and
higher standards of living. This can be achieved with more efficient transportation
structures, healthier plans for living and ability to make informed decisions due to the
availability of information.

Smart education: The enhancement of the education processes’ efficiency, productivity

and effectiveness is provided by the Information and communication technology (ICT).
The data collected from the Big Data is used to process and make the required info. This
will have an optimistic result on the teaching and knowledge levels in order to deliver and
obtain data.

Smart traffic lights: The main concerns of the smart cities are a decent and flawless
handle over the flow of traffic in the city. This can increase the transportation systems and
complete improvement of travels that the citizen takes and the traffic patterns. More
information about the traffic patterns can be achieved if the signals and the smart traffic
lights are interconnected crosswise the traffic grids. Each sensor will detect a changed
parameter of the traffic flow. The system can then make informed decisions according to
the vales given out by the parameters and can give suitable instructions to the lights and
the signals.

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 4) Data and Data Processing

This section will look at the types of data the smart city solutions use, its storage and
processing requirements.

4.1) Management of Big Data

One of the main benefit of the applications of smart city is it can generate huge amounts
of volume of data in various set-ups and from countless different sectors such as traffic,
energy, and healthcare. This generated data is accumulated in huge quantities and on
consistent basis, thereby contributing of what happens in the city at any given point of
time. To guarantee that proper and useful use of data happens in the applications of smart
city, it becomes very crucial to have effective tools for management of big data in the
correct location.

Management of big data contains the growth and the implementation of architectures,
various rules, procedures and practices that achieve the full needs of data lifecycle while
going through its smart city applications in use. Since the data arises from various sources
and with different formats, there is a crucial requirement for advance features of data
management that ultimately leads to the recognition of the various formats and the
foundations of data, classifying, structuring and governing of all such types of data and
structures. The management of big data for Smart city applications can also deliver a
scalable treatment of huge data to support the offline applications and the low inactivity
processing to serve successfully in applications (MHUA, 2017).

4.2) Platforms for Big Data Processing

Smart cities applications in terms of big data must achieve certain data analytics that
need huge amounts of processing ability. This will ultimately lead to requirement for
scalable platforms for hardware and software. Now, the software that is developed for the
smart cities will mainly propose high acts of calculating abilities, should be highly
improved for the hardware that is being used, is steady for the various data concentrated
applications being run. It should also support stream processing, provide huge level of
fault resilience and is also maintained by well-trained vendor and a talented team
(MHUA, 2017).

4.3) Infrastructure for Smart network

Most of the applications for big data for the smart cities need to possess clever networks
which connect their parts that include resident’s equipment’s like cars, smart house
devices or smart phones. These networks tend to be capable of efficiency that transfer the
collected data the foundations to where the big data is composed, is kept and is then
handled the response back to the various entities that require them in the smart city. In

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 such applications, all the current distributed application events will be transferred in the
real-time to where they can be processed. The central approach is good if the current
events that are generated are not so huge and there are not much limits on the network
resource that is used to handover such actions (MHUA, 2017).

4.4) The 4 V’s

The 4 main characterises of big data:

1) Volume: This is the scale f the data that is generated and is collected which is rapidly
increasing. The volume of the data in In Smart cities would be massive, coming from
a variety of sources which are dispersed across the whole of the city.

2) Variety: This is the data that is accumulated from diverse sources, which have a
organized, semi organized format, like video calls, raw texts, relational databases
respectively. The data of city is accumalated from many sources, like sensors,
observation cameras and resident devices. This is important for the smart cities.

3) Velocity: Here the data processing must be fast , must be it might be useless. There
are various urban problems such as traffic jams, floods, accidents etc. The city
infrastructure, managers need to respond to these.

4) Veracity: Large amounts of data is collected and because of the use of many data
foundations, in is essential to confirm data quality, as any error in the data or
sometimes the use of untrustworthy sources can compromise the study (Milojicic,
2016).

Smart cities- the 4 V’s

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 Studies of how data allows precise decision-making to be cleverer city

5) Tools used for Data Analysis

Big Data tools are used by smart cities to analyse and care for huge amounts of data that is
made from the city devices. The transmission of data about city circumstances such as air
quality, the temperature is regularly done by the sensor networks. Citizens generally
generate the data using smart phones and social networks, and the position of the vehicle
is sent continuously.

Smart city platforms use the Big data tools such as NoSQL databases, like Mongo DB and
HBase; parallel data processing tools like apache Hadoop and Apache Spark; visualisation
tools such a Rapid Miner and real-time data streams processing tools, such as apache
Storm (Milojicic, 2016).

6) Analysis on the trends in Smart City

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 As discussed in the previous section, the platforms used for data analysis uses the tools
described above.
To find the studies, the usage of the following 2 query strings were used: (“Smart city” or
“Smart Cities”) and (Middleware or Platform). Afterward the analysis of the query outcomes,
using google trends, the following figure shows the usage of ICT in the cities, like
“Intelligent city”, “Knowledge City”, “Connected City” (Milojicic, 2016).

Trends in smart City related terms

7) Conclusion

Big data and Smart city are the 2 important and modern concepts; many have started
mixing them to grow the smart city applications and may assist in reaching high levels
of sustainability, effective governance, better resilience, better quality of life.
Regardless of the various meanings, each idea has a significant number of features
that exclusively defines it. By trusting on these features, the identification of the
general benefits of the usage of the big data for designing and supporting the smart
city applications could be successfully done. The various challenges and several
issues were discussed. A general requirement for big data smart city applications were
also discussed. The data analysis was also conducted for the trends in the smart city
applications.

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 8) References

Mohamed, N. (2015). Applications of big data to smart cities. Retrieved from

https://goo.gl/EkU59a

MHUA. (2017). Smart Cities Mission. Retrieved from https://goo.gl/VY1Uem

Milojicic, D. (2016). Software Platforms for Smart Cities: Concepts, Requirements,

Challenges, and a Unified Reference Architecture. Retrieved from
https://goo.gl/bybK54

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