Physics
THERMAL PROPERTIES OF
SYNOPSIS
THERMOMETRY
1. Heat :
a) The energy transferred between two or more
systems by virtue of temperature difference is
called heat (or) The energy transferred by a
non mechanical method is heat
b) This energy may be transferred between the
system and the surroundings.
c) The net flow of energy (Heat flow) is from a
body at higher temperature to a body at lower
temperature.
d) The unit of heat is Joule.
e) Calorie is the unit of heat in CGS system.
f) 4.186 Joule=1 Calorie, for all calculations it can
be taken as 4.2 joule = 1 calorie.
2. Temperature:
a) Temperature is the quantity which determines
the direction of flow of heat energy.
b) The concept of temperature is given by Zeroth
law of thermodynamics, considering thermal
equilibrium.
c) When two systems are in thermal equilibrium,
the temperature of the two systems is same.
d) The degree of hotness of a body is its
temperature and indicates the relative hotness
or coldness.
e) Temperature is a relative measure.
f) Hence a reference point is required for the
representation of temperature.
g) The melting point of ice at normal pressure
and the boiling point of water at normal pressure
are taken as the reference points called, ice point
and steam point.
h) Ice point is called lower fixed point and steam
point is called upper fixed point.
i) Now a days the triple point of water is taken as
fixed point.
j) The tripple point is the temperature at which
the three states of matter (ice, water, steam)
coexist.
XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA
THERMAL
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
MATTER
3. Measurement of Temperature:
a) When a substance is heated, its various physical
properties change. By measuring the changes
of the properties, the temperature of a body is
estimated relative to a fixed point.
b) The change in volume of a liquid, the change in
pressure of a gas, the change in resistance of a
metal wire, the change in vapour pressure, the
measurement of thermo emf and the
measurement of thermal radiations are some
physical properties used in the measurement of
temperature.
4. Different scales of temperature:
a) For liquid thermometers, If lo is the length of
mercurous at 0°C, l100 is the length at 100°C
and lt is the length at t° C then temperature ‘t’
(lt  lo )
given by t  x100C
(l100  lo )
b) For constant pressure gas thermometers, If
V0 , Vt and V100 be the respective volumes of a
gas in the thermometer at constant pressure
corresponding to temperatures 0°C, t°C and
100°C respectively, then
 V  V0 
t t 100C
 V100  V0 
c) For constant volume gas thermometers, If P0,
Pt, and P100 be the pressures of a gas at
constant volume corresponding to
temperatures 0°C, t o C and 100°C
respectively, then
 P  P0 
t t 100C
 P100  P0 
d) For resistance thermometers, If R0, Rt and R100
be the resistances of the platinum wire at
temperatures 0°C, t°C and 100°C respectively,
then
 R  R0 
t t 100C
 R100  R 0 
1
 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
EXPANSION OF SOLIDS b) change in length = l2 – l1 = l = l1(t2–t1)
1. A solid consists of atoms or molecules packed c) Final length l2 = l1 [1+(t2–t1)]
closely together. d) l = l0 (1+t), where l0 is length at 0°C
2. Properties of solids depend upon inter atomic forces,
e) For anisotropic solids like crystals if x, y, z
attractive or repulsive.
are co-efficients of linear expansions along x, y, z
3. Attraction is in between electron cloud of one atom
and nuclear charge of the other atom.  x   y  z
directions then  
4. When they are very close, repulsive force exists 3
between electron clouds of the two atoms. 14. Numerical value of co-efficient of linear expansion
5. In the equilibrium, these attractive and repulsive of a solid
forces balance each other. a) depends on nature of material
6. Due to thermal energy, the atom in a solid is always b) depends on the scale of temperature used
in vibration.
c) is independent of physical dimensions of the
7. Isotropic solids : Physical properties are same in
body
all directions.
d) is independent of unit of length chosen
Ex : glass, rock salt & metals etc. The rocks
behave as isotropic with respect to thermal 15. Linear expansion or increase in length of rod
expansion as it is of cubic structure. depends on
8. Anisotropic solids : Physical properties are different a) nature of material
in different directions. b) Initial length of rod
Ex : All crystalline solids, wood etc.
c) rise of temperature
9. In general, solids, liquids and gases expand on
16. Co-efficient of Areal or superficial expansion of a
heating since distance between the particles
increases with increase of temperature. solid  :
Exceptions : a 2  a1
a)   a (t  t ) b) S.I. unit : K–1
a) water contracts when heated from 0°C to 4°C. 1 2 1

b) Silver Iodide, Silica glass, some Nickel Steel 17. Co-efficient of cubical or volume expansion of a
alloys, India rubber, castiron, type metal solid:
contract on heating v2  v1
10. Isotropic solids expand equally in all directions. a)   v (t  t ) b) S.I. unit : K–1
1 2 1
Eg : Metals, glass
18. Relation among ,, and  (for isotopic solids)
11. Anisotropic solids do not expand equally in all
directions. a)  :  :  = 1 : 2 : 3
Eg : Ice land spar [CaCO3], crystals 2
b)  = 2 = 
12. Solids have linear, areal and cubical expansions. 3
Hence solids have three coefficients of expansion 3
namely coefficient of lienar expansion , coefficient c)  = 3 = 
2
of areal expansion  and coefficient of volume d)  = 3 =  + 2 = + .
expansion .
13. Co-efficient of linear expansion of a solid() 19. The numerical values of a, b & g are 5/9 times if
l2  l1 l Fahrenheit scale is used instead of Celsius scale
a)   l (t  t )  l (t)
1 2 1 1

S.I. unit : K–1, practical unit : (°C)–1

XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 2

 Physics
20. Variation of density with Temperature : The
mass of a substance remains same but its volume
increases with rise of temperature. The density of
the substance varies inversely with temperature.
De7nsity decreases with the increase of
temperature.
d0 d1
a) d t  b) d 2 
1  t 1  t
d1  d 2 do  dt d1  d 2
c)   d (t  t )  td &   d t  d t
2 2 1 t 2 2 11
21. Two rods of different materials will have same
difference in lengths at all temperatures, if they
have same expansions for equal rise of temperature.
Then l1 a1 = l2 a2
22. If a hollow pipe and a solid rod of same dimensions
made of same material are heated through the
same rise of temperature, both expand equally.
23. A thin rod and a thick rod made of same material
have same initial lengths. If they are heated to equal
temperature difference, both expand equally.
24. A thin rod and thick rod made of same material
have same initial lengths. If they are heated by equal
quantities of heat, thin rod expands more.
25. A solid sphere and a hollow sphere made of same
material have same volume
a) If they are heated to same temperature
difference, both expand equally
b) If they are heated by equal quantities of heat,
hollow sphere expands more.
26. A solid sphere and another sphere having cavities
are made of same material have same outer volume.
If they are heated to same temperature difference,
both expand equally. Hence increase in volume is
independent of cavities.
27. a for pyrex glass is 1/3 of ordinary glass. Hence
pyrex glass is used in making thermometers and
test tubes used for heating purpose.
28. When a solid is heated, moment of inertia increases
since distance of particles from the axis of rotation
increases.
29. Invar is an alloy of Steel and Nickel in the ratio
64:36. Invar steel is used in making pendulum,
balance wheels of watches, standard metal tapes
because it has low  .
XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA
THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
30. Pendulum clock:
In summer, the pendulum clock expands
As T  2 l
g
With increase in length l, the time period of
pendulum T increases and it makes less number of
oscillations than the required oscillations (43,200)
per day. Hence the clock loses time and runs slow.
In winter, the pendulum contracts with the decrease
in length l, the time period of pendulum T decreases
and it makes more oscillations than the required
oscillations, (43,200) per day. Hence the clock gains
time and runs fast.
a) Due to change in temparature, the fractional
change in the period of a pendulum is.
T 1
 ( t 2  t1 ) per second
T 2 1
b) Loss or gain in time per second =   t
2
c) Loss or gain in time per day =
1
 t  86400
2
d) Knowing loss or gain in time per second or per
day,  of the material of pendulum of the clock
can be known.
31. Metal Tapes :
a) Metal tape shows correct reading only at a
temperature at which it is calibrated.
b) A metal tape is graduated at t1°C and is used
at t2°C.
i) If t2 > t1 and the distance between the divisions
increases then
a) observed reading L is less than actual value
b) correction to be applied, C =L(t2–t1)
c) correct reading = L + C
ii) If t2 < t1 and the distance between the divisions
decreases then
a) Observed reading L is greater than actual
value.
b) correction to be applied,  C =  L t
c) correct reading = L –C
iii) A scale messures the length of the rod as L cm
when both are at which is the t10C calibration
temperature for the scale. If the coefficient
linear expansion of the scale and rod are
 s &  b . Then the scale reading in centimeter
when both are at t20C is
L(1  ( b   s )(t 2  t1 ))
3
 Physics
32. Bimetallic strip : a) It is a combination of two
metal strips of different linear coefficients and of
same length at a particular temperature and rivetted
together firmly.
b) When it is heated, it bends such that the metal
with higher ‘’ lies on the convex side.
Eg : In steel - Brass Bimetallic strip, Brass
lies on convex side when it is heated.
c) When it is cooled, it bends the other way such
that the metal with higher ‘’ lies on concave
side.
d) Bimetallic strip is used in Thermostats. Unequal
expansion of dissimilar metals is the principle
used in Thermostat (Bimetallic strip).
e) Radius of circular arc of bent strip is
d v2  v1
R
( 2  1 )t
Here d = Thickness of each strip
2 – 1 = Difference in coefficients of linear
expansions
t = Difference in Temperature.
33. Thermal stress : A rod is rigidly clamped at its
ends and prevented without expansion. When it is
heated, thermal stress is developed at its ends.
Thermal stress = Y  t
Thermal force = (Y  t) A
Thermal force depends upon cross-sectional area
but not upon length.
Thermal stress is independent of both area
and length
l
34. a) Percentage increase in length= x100 =t
l the begining and increases more rapidly than in
(100) of a solid
b) Percentage increase in Area =
A
x100 = t x (100) = 2t x (100) of a
A
solid
c) Percentage increase in volume =
V
V
×100=t x (100)=3t×(100) of a solid
d) Percentage increase is independent of initial
dimensions. It depends on nature the of material
and rise of temperature only.
XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA
THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
EXPANSION OF LIQUIDS
1. Liquids have definite volume, but do not have
definite shape. So, they have only cubical expansion.
2. When a liquid is heated in a container, the container
also expands. Hence liquid have two types of
cubical expansions. They are apparent and
absolute or real cubical expansions.
Expansion of liquid relative to the container is called
apparent expansion.
Expansion of liquid independent of expansion of
container is called real expansion.
Depending upon these expansions, liquids have two
coefficients of expansion,namely coefficient of
apparent expansion and coefficient of real
expansion.
3. Coefficient of real expansion ,  R  v (t  t )
1 2 1
Here v2  v1 is real increase in volume.
4. Coefficient of apparent expansion
v 2  v1
a 
v1 (t 2  t1 )
Here v2  v1 = apparent increase in volume.
5. Relation between the two coefficients is
 R   a   g   a  3 where  g is coefficient
of cubical expansion of container and  is
coefficient of linear expansion of container.
6. a  R  g
i) If g is +ve and a< R, liquid level raises.
ii) If g = R, liqiud level remains constant.
iii) If g is negative then liquid level increases from
case (i).
iv) If g is +ve and gR, liquid level falls.
7. If V is the volume of the vessel and VL is volume
of mercury to be taken, for the free space volume
to be constant at all temperatures then
(Dilatometer)
V R
V(  g ) = VL (  R ) ie; V =   7
L g
8. Expansion of mercury is nearly 7 times that of glass.
If glass vessel is filled with 1/7th of its volume with
mercury, the remaining volume of air remains
constant at all temperatures.
4
 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
9. a is determined using specific gravity bottle or 5. Volume of a gas can be measured by a gas burette
pyknometer or weight thermometer using the or Eudiometer.
formula, 6. Pressure of a gas means pressure applied by the
massof liquid exp elled gas molecules on the walls of the container. When
mass of liquid remained  Temp.difference the gas is taken in a cylindrical vessel provided with
(m 2  m3 ) a frictionless piston, the pressure of the gas will be
a  a  equal to the external pressure acting on the piston.
(m 3  m1 )(t 2  t1 )
7. Pressure of a gas is measured by manometer,
Where m1 = mass of empty bottle
Bourden gauge (high pressures) and Mcleod gauge
m2 = mass of bottle + full liquid (low pressures)
m3 = mass of bottle + remaing liquids 8. The three parameters that determine the physical
state of a gas are P,V&T.
Cofficient of real expansion  R   a   g
9. Volume Coefficient of a gas at constant pressure
10. Variation of density of liquid with temperature.
():-
d1 d0 At constant pressure, the ratio of change in the
d2  (or) dt 
1   R (t 2  t1 ) 1   Rt volume of a given mass of gas per degree rise in
The density of liquid decreases with increase of temperature to its volume at 00c is called volume
temperature. coefficient of the gas.
d  dt d  d2
R  R  1 v 2  v1 v  v0 v 2  v1
d t . t or d 2 (t 2  t1 )   t 
v 0 (t 2  t 1 ) v0t v1 t 2  v 2 t1
11. Anomalous expansion of water
10. Pressure Coefficient of a gas at constant volume
a) Liquids expand on heating. But water at 00C on
() :-
heating contracts upto 40C. It expands beyond 40C
p 2  p1 p  p0 p 2  p1
like any other liquid . On cooling, water contracts   (or)   t (or)  
p 0 (t 2  t 1 ) p0t p1 t 2  p 2 t 1
from 1000C to 40C and expands from 40C to 00C.
This is called anomalous expansion of water. 1 0
11. For any gas  =  / c = 0.0036/0C
b) When water freezes into ice, it expands. A few 273
other substances such as iron, bismuth, antimony 12. Significance of Absolute zero :- At that
expand when they solidify and such substances are temperature, the pressure and volume of a gas, both
useful for costing. would be zero.
c) The anomalous expansion of water is
13. Boyle’s law:- At constant temperature, the pressure
demonstrated by Hope's apparatus.
of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to
d) This is due to formation of more number of
the volume of the gas. (or) At constant temperature,
hydrogen bonds.
the pressure of a given mass of gas is directly
Expansion of gases :
proportional to its density.
1. Gases do not have fixed size and fixed shape. But
they have pressure. p1 p 2
ie, P1V1 = P2V2 = . . . . (or)  =....
2. While doing experiments, a gas must be taken in a d1 d 2
closed container. 14. At constant temperature the graph between
3. The volume of the space in which gas molecules can pressure and volume of a gas is called “iso-therm”
move around is taken as the volume of the gas. Hence and the shape is rectangular hyperbola.
the volume of the closed container itself must be taken
as the volume of the gas irrespective of its mass
4. The real volume occupied by the molecules of the
gas is several times lesser than measured volume
of the gas.

XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 5

 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
76x13. 6
15. PV-V graph is a straight line parallel to volume axis. h= (n-1) cm
d
16. P-1/V graph is a straight line passing through the
where d is the density of the liquid in CGS system.
origin.
17. Log P-log V graph is a straight line making a If the radius of the bubble becomes ‘n’ times then h
negative intercept on log V axis. 76x13. 6 3
18. In Boyles law experiment , the graph drawn = (n -1)
d
between ‘h’ (excess pressure) and 1/l (where l is here atmospheric pressure is taken as 76cm of
the length of the air column) is a straight line making mercury.
a negative intercept on ‘h’ axis whose magnitude Hdb n  1
gives atmospheric pressure 24. In general, h  dl
here H = atmospheric pressure
db = density of liquid in barometer
dl = density of liquid in lake
V2
n = V ,the ratio of final to initial volumes.
1
25. Charle's first law:- At constant pressure, the

volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute

19. Real gases obey Boyles law only at high
temperatures and low pressures. V1 V2
temperature. ie  ....a constant
20. At constant temperature, when the pressure of a T1 T 2
gas is increased by x%, percentage decrease in the 26. Charles’ second law (or) Gay Lussac’s Law :-
100 x At constant volume, for a given mass of gas
volume is %
(100  x) P1 P2
 ..... a constant
21. Two vessels of volumes V1 and V2 contain air at T 1 T2
pressures P1 and P2 at same temperature. If both
27. The slope of V-T graph of a given mass of gas
the vessels are interconnected then common
increases with the decrease of pressure because
P1V1  P2 V2
pressure, P = V V V 1
1 2

T P
22. A quill tube contains air column of length l1 with its
28. The slope of P-T graph of a given mass of gas
open end vertically upwards , l2 with its open end
increases with the decrease in the volume of the
vertically downwards and l3 when it is tilted through
P 1
an angle  from vertical open end up position. gas because  .
T V
therefore P1 = H + h, 29. At constant temperature and pressure, the volume of
P2 = H - h a gas is directly proportional to the mass of the gas.
and P2 = H + hcos  . 30. At constant temperature and volume, the pressure of
a gas is direclty proportional to the mass of the gas.
Here ‘h’ is the height of Hg column.
31. Gas equation :
According to Boyles law,
a) When the mass of the gas is varying :
(H + h)l1 = (H - h)l2 = (H + hcos  )l3 P1V1 P2V2
23. If an air bubble formed at the bottom of a liquid 
m1T1 m 2T2
column raises to the top where its volume becomes
PV
n times that at the bottom then the depth of the (or) = r (r = specific gas constant)
liquid column is given by mT

XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 6

 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
b) when the mass of the gas remains constant; 34. If two vessels of same capacity containing air at T1
P1V1 P2 V2 PV and T2 K and at pressures P1 and P2 atmospheres
 = . . . .(or) = constant
T1 T2 T then the common pressure is given by
The value of the constant depends upon the
P1T2  P2T1
mass of the gas. P
T1  T2
c) when the mass of the gas is 1gm
PV CALORIEMETRY:
=r (r = specific gas constant)
T HEAT: Heat is a form of energy that transfers
value of r changes from gas to gas.
from one body to the other due to temperature
PV difference between them.
d) for 1gm - mole of a gas, =R
T
value of R is same for all gases and is called Calorie: It is defined as the amount of heat required to
universal gas constant. rise the temperature of 1g of water through 10C (more
R = 8.314 J mol-1 K-1=2 cal mol-1 0C-1. specifically from 14.5 to 15.50C)
Dimensional formula of * In solids thermal energy is present in the form of
R=[ML2 T-2 K-1mol-1] kinetic energy, in liquids in the form of translational
energy of molecules. In gases it is due to the randum
Relation between R and r is, R=Mr where M is
the molecular weight of the gas motion of molecules.
e) for any amount of gas, Specific heat:
In the following equations, m, NA, N, n represent * The amount of heat energy required to rise the
the mass of the gas, Avagadro’s number, number temperature of unit mass of a substance through
of molecules and number of moles respectively. 10C(or K) is called specific heat of the substance.
PV
* Specific heat of a substance also depends upon its
i) interms of r : = mr state i.e solid, liquid and gas.
T
In case of water :
PV
ii) interms of R : = nR Specific heat of Ice (solid) =0.5 cal/g-c0(or) 2100
T J
P R
iii) interms of density  : = = constant kg  k
T M
iv) interms of Boltzmann constant K, Specific heat of water (liquid) = 1 cal/g-c0 (or) 4200
J
PV R
= n NA K : [nNA = N ] & [K = ] kg  k
T NA
Specific heat of steam (gas) = 0.47 cal/g-c0 (or)
v) In terms of number of molecules per unit J
P N 1970
volume,  : = K (here  = ) kg  k
T V * Specific heat of substance at its melting point or
32. When gases which are seperately in the states (P1,
V1, T1) . . . are mixed and if the resultant mixture is boiling point is infinite  as T  0 
P1V1 P2 V2 PV * Specific heat of a substance can also be negative
at (P,V,T) then T  T  ......  T * Among solids, liquids and gases, specific heat is
1 2

33. In the above case, while mixing, if the external work maximum for H2 gas
done is zero and the energy of the system remain Thermal capcity :
constant then n1T1 +n2T 2 ..= (n1+n2+ . .)T where * The heat required to raise the temperature of a
n1, n2 . . . are the number of moles in those gases given substance by 10C is called its thermal capacity.
respectively. * Thermal capacity of a substance depends on its
mass and nature.
XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 7
 Physics
Water - equivalent :
* Water - equivalent of a substance is the mass of
water which when given same amount of heat as
given to the substance, changes the temperature of
water through same range as that of the substance.
* Water equivalent of a substance is expressed in
gm of water
Latent heat : The amount of heat required to change
the state of unit mass of a substance at a constant
temperature is called the latent heat.
* If 'Q' heat changes the state of mass 'm' of a
substance at constant temperature, then latent heat
Q point of Ice decreases with the increase of
L  Q  mL
m
* Latent heat depends on nature and state of
substance
* The latent heat during melting or freezing is called
the latent heat of fusion while during boiling or
condensation is called latent heat of vaporisation
Note(1): If a solid such as camphor directly
converts into gaseous phase at all temperatures the
process is called sublimation.
Note(2): If vapours by releasing heat directly
changes into solid state without passing through
liquid phase, the process is called "Hoar forst"
* In melting or boiling heat supplied is used to increase
the internal potential energy of the substance while
internal kinetic energy remains constant.
* Clausius and clapeyron has shown the effect of
pressure on boiling point of liquids and melting points
of solids is related to latent heat heat L(cal/g) thorugh
dP JL
= T V  V where VF and VI are final and
dT K  F 
initial specific volumes (cc/g).
* In case of boiling as volume of vapours VF is always
dP
greater than volume of liquid VI. hence is
dT
positive. i.e boiling point of every liquid rises with
increase in pressure
* In case of melting for substances like wax and
sulphur which expands on melting,
VF > VI and hence melting point rises with increase
in pressure.
XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA
THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
* In case of substances like ice and rubber which
contracts on melting VF < VI and hence VF – VI
negative i.e melting point is lowered with increase
in pressure.
* Addition of imputities changes melting point, and
boiling point
Triple point of water
* Triple point is a point in the phase diagram where a
solid, liquid and vapour can co -exit (or will be in
equilibrium)
* For water the values of pressure and temperature
corresponding to triple point are 4.58 mm of Hg
(0.006 atm) and 273.16K respectively.
Note: The negative slope of Ice line shows that melting
pressure.
Principle of method of mixtures :
* When two substances at different temperatures are
mixed, heat will be transferred from substance at
higher temperature to a substance at lower
temperature till both acquire same temperature.
Heat lost = Heat gained
* Principle of calorimetry represents the law of
conservation of heat energy.
* The temperature of mixture can never be lesser
than lower temperature and can never be greater
than higher temperature TL  Tmix  TH
* If 'm' g of steam at 1000C is mixed with 'm' g of ice
at 00C then
a) Resultant temperature of mixture is 1000C
m
b) Mass of steam condensed = g
3 2m
g
c) Mass of steam left uncondensed =
4m 3
d) The finial mixture contains g of water and
2m 3
g of steam both at 1000C
3
HEAT TRANSFER
* Heat is Transmitted by three methods namely,
Conduction, Convection and Radiation.
CONDUCTION
* It is the phenomenon of Heat transfer without the
actual displacement of the particles of the medium.
The particles of the medium execute vibratory
motion.
Ex. : Heat Transfer in a metal rod (solid)
8
 Physics
Note : Free electrons are largely responsible for
the transport of thermal energy in a metal
* There are two possible ways in which
conduction can take place.
* The molecules which absorb heat energy, vibrate
violently and transfer some of its energy to its
neighbours. The molecules at the colder parts will
receive energy from the hotter parts of the material.
* In case of metals, heat energy can also be
transported by the free electrons. As electrons are
more effective in transmitting energy from the
hotter to colder part, thermal conduction in metals is
much more than that in insulators.
* Steady State : In the process of heat conduction
through a conductor from hot end to cold end, if no
heat is absorbed by it along the conductor then it is
called steady state of the conductor. The
temperatures at different points of the conductor
remain same.
(The temperature of each section is constant but
not equal)
Under steady state of the conductor,
Q *
* Rate of flow of heat = = constant
t Fe is K Ag  Kcu  K A  KFe .
* Temperature gradient along the conductor =
1   2
l = constant (where 1   2 )
* Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity : K
The quantity of Heat conducted through a metal
rod in steady state is
* directly proportional to Area of cross section
(A) of the rod.
* directly proportional to temperature difference
(1-2) between hot and cold ends
* directly proportional to time of flow of heat (t)
inversely proportional to length (l) of the rod.
Q 
A (1   2 ) t
Q
K A(1   2 ) t
l l
K is coefficient of Thermal Conductivity of the
material of the conductor. It is property of the
meterial of the conductor. It is independent of
dimensions of the conductor.
* K depends on nature of the mateiral.
* Rate of flow of heat i.e. heat current
XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA
THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Q KA  1  2 

t 
* K is defined as the Rate of flow of Heat per unit
area of crosssection per unit Temperature gradient
in steady state.
* Units of K
CGS --- Cal s-1 Cm-1°C-1 SI --- Wm-1 K-1
DF of K : - MLT-3  -1
Values of K :
* For a perfect conductor K = 
* For a perfect Insulator K = 0
* If K value is more, it is a good conductor of heat
* If K value is less, it is a bad conductor of heat.
* Conduction of heat can take place in liquids and
gases also.
* Generally Solids are better conductors than Liquids,
Liquids are better conductors than Gases.
* Metals are much better conductors than Non-
Metals, because Metals contain Free electrons.
Decreasing order of conductivity of Ag, Cu, Al and
* Mercury being a liquid metal is a good conductor.
* Conduction of heat takes place between the objects
till they attain the state of thermal equilibrium.
* K of good conductor is determined by Searl’s
method.
* K of Insulator is determined by Lee’s Disc method.
Thermal Resistance :
* The thermal resistance of a body is a measure
of its opposition to the flow of heat through it
* It is defined as the ratio of temperature
difference to the heat current (Rate of heat flow).
 1  2 
* R=
 Q / t .
* Thermal resistance of a conductor of length
 , corss - section (A) and conductivity (k) is given

by the formula R =
KA
* SI unit of R is KW–1
* Dimensional formula M–1L–2T3  .
9
 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
1 each other, then under steady state ,
* Thermal conductance= Thermal resistance 1  2
Thermal Diffusivity (or) Thermometric K1 K2
conductivity D : 1 2
It is the ratio of coefficient of Thermal conductivity The heat current is same in the two conductors
(K) to Thermal Capacity per unit volume (ms/v) of
K1A  1    K 2A    2 
a material.  .
K K m 1 2
D   (   density)
 ms  s v K11l2  K 2 2l1
  Junction temperature =  
 v  K 1l2  K 2l1
Combination of Metallic Rods : K11  K 2 2
* Series Combination : Let n slabs each of cross- If l1 = l2 = l then  
K1  K 2
sectional area A, lengths  1,  2,  3 ... and Parallel combination :
conductivities K1, K2, K3....Kn respectively be Let n slabs each of length  and areas A1, A2, A3,
connected in the series ..............An and thermal conductivities K1, K2,
1 2 3 n1 n K3...............Kn are connected in parallel then
K1 K2 Kn 1  2

1 2 n K1

* Heat current is the same in all the conductors i.e., K2

Q
 H1  H2  H3 .....  Hn
t
Kn
K1A  1  2  K 2 A  2  3  KnA  n1  n 
 
1 2 n * Equivalent thermal resistance
* Equivalent thermal resistance is 1 1 1 1 1
    ........
R=R1+R2+...Rn R p R1 R 2 R 3 Rn
* Equivalent thermal conductivity is calculated R1R2
as follows RS = R1 +R2 + R3 +.... * for two slabs Rp 
R1  R2
1   2  ...   n  1  2  * Temperature grandient is same across each slab.
   ...  n * Heat current in each slab will be different
KS K1 K 2 Kn
 1   2  .... n * Net heat current H  H1  H2  H3  ............Hn
 Ks 
1  2  K  A 1  A 2  ......  A n  K1A1 K2A2 KA
  ...  n 




 ..............  n n

K1 K 2 Kn
* If n slabs of equal length are in series then K1A1  K2 A 2  ....  KnAn
K
n 1 1 1 A1  A 2  ....  A n
   ...  K1  k 2  ....K n
KS K1 K2 Kn For n slabs of equal area K 
2K1K 2 n
* For two slabs of equal length, Ks =
K1  K2 . K1  K 2
For two slabs of equal area K 
Junction Temperature : If two metal slabs of equal 2
areas of crosssection, having lengths l 1 , l 2 , Growth of thickness of Ice layer on Ponds :
coefficients of thermal conductivities k1,k2 and free * When atmospheric temperature falls below 0°C,
end Temperatures 1, 2 are kept in contact with water in a lake starts freezing.

XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 10

 Physics
* The time taken to form an ice layer of thickness x
on the pond is given by the formula
1 L 2
t x  t  x2
2 K
where  is density of Ice
L is latent Heat of Fusion of Ice
K is conductivity of Ice
 is Atmospheric temperature.
* To increase the thickness of ice layer from
x1 to x2 , time taken is
L 2
t
2k

x2  x12 
* Cooking utensils are made of metals which are good
conductors of heat.
* In winter, a metal chair is colder to touch than a
wooden chair at the same temperature. The reason
is metal is a good conductor and wood is a bad
conductor of heat.
* In summer, a metal chair is hotter to touch than a
wooden chair at the same temperature.
* A block of metal and a block of wood can be felt
equally cold or hot when touched, if they are at the
temperature of the human body.
* Hot rice cooked in a vessel can be touched while
the vessel cannot be touched because rice is a bad
conductor of heat.
* Two layers of cloth of same thickness provide
warmer covering than a single layer of cloth of
double the thickness. The reason is air which is
trappped in between the blankets is a poor
conductor of heat.
* Davy’s safety lamp used in mines works on the
principle of heat conduction.
CONVECTION
* It is the phenomenon of Heat transfer by the actual
displacement of the particles of the medium in a
fluid. (or) Heat transfer as a result of fluid currents
is called convection.
* Convection can occur only in fluids (Liquids and
gases) but not in solids.
* Transfer of heat due to the movement of fluid
particles resulting from differences in density is
called natural convection.
Ex1: A fluid heated in a container.
XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA
THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Ex2: Convection currents that brings cool breezes
from sea to the shore during the day is an example
of natural convection.
* Transfer of heat by the forced movement of the
fluid particles by mechanical means, such as a fan
or pump, is known as forced convection.
Ex1: Temperature of human body is kept constant
by pumping blood with heart pump. Here the
transfer of heat is by forced convection.
Ex2: Heating rooms by pumping hot air by fans.
(or) cooling them by pumping cool air by mechanical
methods.
* The rate of heat convection from an object is such
that
 dQ 
 dt   h A(  )
  convection
Here
A = Contact area
 = Temperature difference between
the object and conductive fluid.
h = constant called convection coefficient. It
depends on the properties of the fluid such as
density, viscosity, specific heat and thermal
conductivity.
* In case of natural convection, convection currents
move warm fluid upwards and cool fluid
downwards. Hence, heating is done from base to
top while cooling is from top to base.
* Natural convection takes heat from the bottom to
the top while forced convection may take heat in
any direction.
* Natural convection is a consequence of gravity and always
takes place vertically carrying the heat upwards
* Natural convection cannot take place in a gravity
free region.
Ex : Orbiting satellite, freely falling lift
* Natural convection is the principle in working of
ventilator, working of a chimney, changes in climatic
conditions, formation of Land & Sea breezes,
Trade winds, ocean currents etc.,
* Convection is quicker process than conduction. For
convection molecules must be relatively free
* Most of the heat transfer that takes place on the
earth is by convection.
11
 Physics
* During convection, the rate at which body looses
heat to the surrounding air is proportional to the
excess temperature of the body over the
surroundings. This is true up to 300C in still air and
is true for large excess temperature under forced
convection
* Rate of fall of temperature is proportional to the
surface area to volume ratio. i.e. it is inversely
proportional to the linear dimensions. i.e small body
cools faster than larger one.
RADIATION
* Radiation is the phenomenon of transfer of heat
without necessity of a material medium. It is by
virtue of electromagnetic waves.
Energy radiated from a body is called Radiant energy.
Rate of emission of radiant energy depends on
i) Nature of surface of the body
ii) Surface area of the body
iii) Temperatures of the body and the surroundings
* Properties of Thermal Radiation:
(i) It is the invisible eletromagnetic radiation emitted
from a hot body.
(ii) It lies in I.R. region of wavelength range from 4 x
10–4m to 7.5 x 10–7m
(iii) It travels in vacuum with velocity of light (3x108
ms–1). It can also travel through a medium without
affecting it.
(iv) It exhibits the Phenomena of Reflection, Refraction,
Interference, Diffraction and Polarisation like light.
(v) It obeys Inverse square law
1 greater for every wave length at a higher
i.e., I 
d2
where I = Intensity of radiation
d = distance from source.
(vi) It can be detected byThermocouple, Thermopile,
Bolometer, Pyrometer, Radio-micrometer,
Differential air thermoscope etc.,
(vii) Its spectrum can be formed by prisms of Rock-
salt, KCl etc.,
(viii) Rough and black surfaces are good absorbers while
shining and smooth surfaces are good reflectors of
heat radiation.
Ex : Transmission of heat from Sun to Earth.
XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA
THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
* Prevost’s theory of Heat Exchange :
i) Every body emits and absorbs heat radiations at all
temperatures except at absolute zero
(–273ºC)
ii) Heat radiated from the body depends on its
temperature and is independent of its surroundings.
iii) If a body emits more heat energy than what it
absorbs from the surroundings, then its
temparature falls.
iv) If a body absorbs more heat energy from the
surroundings than what it emits then its temparature
rises.
v) If a body emits & absorbs heat in equal amounts,
then it is said to be in Thermal equilibrium.
vi) When the temperatures of body and surroundings
are equalised, conduction and convection stop but
the radiation exchange continues to take place.
* Perfect blackbody :
i) It is a body which absorbs all the heat radiations
incident on it.
ii) On heating, it emits radiations of all possible
wavelengths at a given temparature.
iii) The wavelengths of the emitted heat radiations
depend only on the temparature but are independent
of the material of the blackbody.
Ex : Lamp black (96%), platinum black (98%)
Fery’s and Wien’s black bodies are aritifical black
bodies. ‘Sun is a natural blackbody’.
iv) Radiation from black body depend upon the
temperature and independent of the nature or shape
of the walls of the enclosure and emissions are
temperature
* Emissive power (E) :
i) It is the amount of energy radiated by unit surface
area per second at a given temperature in a given
wavelength range.
Q
E = At S.I. Unit : watt m–2
ii) It depends on nature of surface and temperature.
iii) It is maximum for a perfect blackbody. It is minimum
for a smooth, shining white surface.
iv) Spectral emissive power is different for different
values of  and different values of T
12
 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
* Absorptive power (a) : iv) Dark lines in solar spectrum are called Fraunhoffer
i) For a given wavelength and temparature, it is the ratio lines. Some wavelegths of white light emitted by
of radiant energy absorbed by unit surface area per elements from photosphere are absorbed by same
second to that incident on it in the same time. elements in chromosphere
a = Qa/Qi no unit On the day of solar eclipse, absorption spectrum is
not seen, rather emission spectrum which is
ii) For a perfect blackbody, a =1 (Qi = Qa)
complimentary to earlier absorption spectrum is seen.
iii) Absorptive power depends upon
Wien’s Displacement Law:
nature of the surface and temperature of the body.
According to Wien’s law the product of wavelength
* Emissivity or relative emittance (e) :
corresponding to maximum intensity of radiation and
Emissive power of a body E E
e=    temperature of body (in Kelvin) is constant, i.e m T=b = constant
Emissive power of a perfect blackbody Eb E b
Where b is wien’s constant and has value
For a perfect blackbody e = 1
2.89  103 m-K.
For anybody 0 < e < 1
* For a surface if a = Absorptive power,
r = Reflecting power, and t = Transmitting power
then a+r+t =1
for a black body r =0 , t = 0, a=1
* Kirchoff’s law :
For a given temparature and wavelength range, As the temperature of the body increases, the
the ratio of emissive power to absorptive power of all wavelength at which the spectral intensity (E  ) is
bodies is always a constant. This constant is equal to maximum shifts towards left. Therefore it is also
emissive power of a perfect blackbody at the same called wien’s displacement law.
temparature and same wavelength range. * Stefan’s Law :
E i) The amount of heat radiated per second from unit
 E b  cons tan t  E  a
a surface area of a black body (E) is proportional to
i) Good emitters are good absorbers and vice versa. Fourth Power of its absolute temperature (T). This
ii) With increase of temperature E b increases. is also called fourth power law
Q Q
E E  T4   T4    T4
the ratio a also increases. At At
 Q
iii) According to kirchoff’s law =  AT T4 (watt)
E E b E a t
     where ‘  ’ is Stefan’s constant
a A b E  b A b
E  = 5.67 x 10–8 w/m2/K4
but Ab = 1 and ii) If the body is not a black body, then
Eb = emissivity of the body Q
emissivity = Absorptive power of the body.. = e AT T4 (‘e’ lies between 0 & 1)
Applications :
t
e = Emissivity of the body.
i) A white china cup with a black spot is heated to  Q = e At  T4
high temperature and kept in a dark room. The spot * Stefan - Boltzmann Law :
appears brighter than the remaininig part, because
i) If a blackbody at absolute temperature ‘TB’ is in
black is good absorber and hence good emitter.
an enclosure at absolute temparature ‘Ts’ then the
ii) A Red glass when heated to high temperature kept
loss of thermal energy by the body per unit time is
in a dark room, appears Cyan and vice versa
iii) A Yellow glass when heated to high temperature and Q
=  A (TB4 – TS4)
kept in a dark room appears Blue and vice versa t
The above pairs of colours are called ii) If it is not a blackbody, then
complementary colours. Q
= e  A (TB4 – TS4) where e= emissivity
t
XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 13
 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
* When the heat loss by radiation is considered difference in temperature is small and the nature
of radiating surface remains same
dQ d
(i) = ms dQ
dt dt   T  T0 
dt
Here m = mass of of the body
Where T is temperature of the hot body, T 0 is
s = specific heat of the material of the body temperature of the surroundings
(ii) Using Stefan - Boltzman’s Law dQ
=> = – b (T – T0)
 
e  A TB4 - TS4  ms 
 d 
 dt 
dt
Where b is proportionality constant and it depends
on nature, shape and area of the cooling surface.
Therefore
d
dt
=
e  A 4 4
ms

TB - TS  ii)
dQ
 ms
d
dt dt
 d 
d
– b (T – T0) = ms
(iii) Rate of cooling   by radiation depends upon : dt
 dt 
d  b  T  T0  1   2   
 K  1 2 0 
a) Nature of the radiating surface i.e., (greater   
dt ms t  2 
the emissivity, faster will be the cooling).
b
b) Area of the radiating surface , i.e., (greater the K=
area of radiating surface, faster will be the cooling) ms
iii) This law is applicable
c) Temperature of the radiating body, i.e., (greater
the temperature faster will be the cooling). a) If heat lost is mainly by convection
d) Temperature of the surroundings i.e., (greater b) Hot body is cooled in uniform stream line flow
the temperature of surroundings slower will be of air or forced convection
the cooling) c) Temperature of every part of body is same
e) Mass of the body i.e., (greater the mass of the iv) As the body cools, its rate of cooling goes on
radiating body slower will be the cooling. decreasing
f) Sp.heat of the body i.e., greater the specific heat v) Cooling curve of hot body is exponential indicating
of the radiating body slower will be the cooling).
that the temparature decreases expanstially with
(iv). For a spherical body, him.
4 3
A = 4R 2 m = R  Note : To compare specific heats of two liquids
3 with their cooling curves, the liquid with cooling
d  1 curve of less slope is of more specific heat.
 dt R  S
vi) The body never cools to the temperature below
(v) A solid sphere and a hollow sphere of same material
are of equal radii. They are heated to the same the temperature of surroundings.
temperature and allowed to cool in the same vii) Newtons law of cooling is a special case of Stefan-
environment. Now Boltzman’s Law.
 d  1 
a) The hollow sphere cools faster 
 dt m 
b) The rate of loss of heat is same for both the
spheres.
* Newton’s law of cooling
i) The rate of loss of heat of a hot body is directly
proportional to difference in temperature between
the body and its surroundings provided the

XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 14

 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
EXERCISE - I 10. The gas thermometers are more sensitive
THERMOMETRY than liquid thermometers because
1. The equivalance of two systems in thermal 1) gases expand more than liquids
equilibrium is represented by the property of 2) gases are easily obtained
1) heat 2) energy 3) gases are much lighter
3) temperature 4) specific heat
4) gases do not easily change their states
2. Temperature can be expressed as a derived
quantity in terms of 11. To measure temperature, most accurately one
1) length and mass 2) mass and time should use
3) length, mass and time 4) none of these 1) thermocouple thermometer
3. Mercury is used in liquid thermometers 2) resistance thermometer
because it has 3) constant volume gas thermometer
1) high specific heat and high conductivity 4) mercury thermometer
2) high specific heat and low conductivity 12. A temperature T is measured by a constant
3) low specific heat and low conductivity volume gas thermometer
4) low specific heat and high conductivity
1) T is independent of the gas used at all
4. The standard fixed point for temperature
pressures
measurements in use today is
2) T is independent of the gas used only at
1) melting point of ice at one atmospheric pressure
high pressure
2) of pure ice and pure water in equilibrium at one
atmosphere pressure 3) The ideal gas scale agrees with the
3) at which ice, water and watervapour coexist absolute scale of temperature
4) none of the above 4) The ideal gas scale does not agree with the
5. Very low temperatures are measured by absolute scale of temperature
1) gas thermometers 2) pyrometers 13. A constant volume gas thermometer works on
3) thermocouple thermometers 1) Archimedes' principle 2) Pascal's law
4) vapour pressure thermometers 3) Boyle's law 4) Charles' law
6. Thermometers which are not kept in touch 14. The value of temperature coefficient of
with the body to measure temperatures are resistance thermometer is
1) pyrometers 2) thermocouples 1) low and negative 2) low and positive
3) gas thermometers
3) high and negative 4) high and positive
4) platinum resistance thermometers
15. Two thermometers are constructed in the
7. The temperature of the sun is measured with
same way except that one has a spherical bulb
1) platinum thermometer 2) gas thermometer
and the other a cylindrical bulb; which one
3) pyrometer 4) vapour pressure thermometer
will respond quickly to temperature changes
8. Of the following thermometers the one which
is most useful for the measurement of a 1) spherical bulb thermometer
rapidly varying temperature is a 2) cylindrical bulb thermometer
1) platinum resistance thermometer 3) both equally 4) either
2) gas thermometer 16. Absolute scale of temperature is reproduced
3) thermoelectric thermometer in the laboratory by making use of a
4) saturation vapour pressure thermometer 1) radiation pyrometer
9. Standardisation of thermometers is obtained with 2) platinum resistance thermometer
1) Jolly's thermometer 3) constant volume helium gas thermometer
2) platinum resistance thermometer
4) constant pressure ideal gas thermometer
3) thermocouple thermometer
4) gas thermometer
XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 15
 Physics
17. Mercury boils at 3570C. However, mercury
thermometers are made such that they can
measure temperature upto 500 0 C. This is
done by
1) maintaining vacuum above mercury
column in the stem of the thermometer
2) filling nitrogen gas at high pressure above
the mercury column
3) filling nitrogen gas at low pressure above
the mercury column
4) filling oxygen gas at high pressure above
the mercury column
18. A clinical thermometer is usually much shorter
than a laboratory thermometer, because
1) only a limited range of temperature is required
2) it is marked in Fahrenheit and not in Celsius
3) a long column is inconvenient
4) a long column of mercury can not be
introduced in glass tube
19. For a constant volume gas thermometer, one
should fill the gas at
1) high temperature and high pressure
2) high temperature and low pressure
3) low temperature and low pressure
4) low temperature and high pressure
20. The resistance Rt of a conductor varies with
temperature as shown in fig. If the variation
is represented as R t  R 0 (1  t  t 2 )
1)  and  are both negative
2)  is positive and  is negative
3)  and  are both positive
4)  is negative and  is positive
21. The resistance Rt of a semi - conductor block
varies with temperature is shown in fig. It may
be expressed as ( ,  being positive
constants)
1) R t  R 0 (1  t  t 2 )
2) R t  R 0 (1  t  t 2 )
3) R t  R 0 (1  t) 4) R t  R 0 (1  t)
XIth Class (C.B.S.E)
THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
22. Which of the following statements is correct
for a bulb thermometer
1) The bulb of the thermometer is made of a
conducting material
2) The bulb of the thermometer is made of a
poorly conducting material
3) Sole purpose of making the walls of the
bulb thin is to provide maximum possible
space for liquid
4) Specific heat of liquid used in the bulb must
have large value
23. Which of the following statements is true for
a thermometer
1) Coefficient of cubical expansion of liquid
must be greater than that of bulb material
2) Coefficient of cubical expansion of liquid
may be equal to that of bulb material
3) Coefficient of cubical expansion of liquid
must be less than that of bulb material
4) Coefficient of cubical expansion of liquid
may be greater or less or equal to that of
the material of bulb
24. A temperature is measured by a constant
volume gas thermometer
1) T is independent of the gas used for all
pressures
2) T is independent of the gas used only at
low pressures
3) T is independent of the gas used only at
high pressure
4) The ideal gas scale does not agree with
absoulte scale of temperature
25. Which of the following statements is correct
1) A thermometer should have a small thermal
capacity
2) Total heat of the universe is conserved
3) Atmospheric temperature in cities on the
sea - coast changes very much
4) Constant volume gas thermometer can be
used to measure the temperatures of insects
26. On which of the following scales of
temperature, the temperature is never
negative
1) Celsius 2) Fahrenheit
3) Reaumur 4) Kelvin
SRI CHAITANYA 16
 Physics
27. We plot the graph having temperature in
on x - axis and in 0F on y - axis. If the graph is
straight line, then the correct statement is
1) the line intercepts the positive x - axis
2) the line intercepts the positive y - axis
3) the line passes through origin
4) the line intercepts the negative axis of both
x and y - axes
28. The study of physical phenomenon at low
temperatures (below liquid nitrogen
temperature) is called
1) refrigeration 2) radiation
3) cryogenics 4) pyrometry
29. The absolute zero is the temperature at which
1) water freezes
2) all substances exist in solid state
3) molecular motion ceases
4) none of the above
30. Given 500 F, 500 C and 50K arrange them in
increasing order of temperature
1) 500 F, 500 C&50K 2) 50K , 500 C& 50 0 F
3) 50K , 500 F & 500 C 4) 500 C, 500 F &50K
31. A solid object is placed in water contained in
an adiabatic container for some time. The
temperature of water falls during the period
and there is no appreciable change in the
shape of the object. The temperature of the
solid object.
1) Must have increased 2) Must have decreased
3) May have increased
4) May have remained constant.
32. The graph between two temperature scales
A and B is shown in Fig. 11.1 Between upper
fixed point and lower fixed point there
180
Temperature(°A)
THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
0C
33. Heat is associated with
1) kinetic energy of random motion of molecules.
2) kinetic energy of orderly motion of molecules.
3) total kinetic energy of random and orderly mo-
tion of molecules.
4) kinetic energy of random motion in some cases
and kinetic energy of orderly motion in other.
34. Mark the correct options:
(a) A system X is in thermial equillibrium with
Y but not with Z. System Y and Z may be in
thermal equilibrium with each other.
(b) A system X is in thermal equilibrium with
Y but not with Z. Systems Y and Z are not in
thermal equilibrium with each other.
(c) A system X is neither in thermal equilib-
rium with Y nor with Z. The systems Y and Z
must be in thermal equilibrium with each
other.
(d) A system X is neither in thermal equilib-
rium with Y nor with Z. The system Y and Z
may be in thermal equilibrium wiht each other.
1) a and b are correct
2) a, b and d are correct
3) b and d are correct
4) a and c are correct
EXPANSION OF SOLIDS
35. Substance having very small co-efficient of
linear expansion, among the following is
1) Copper 2) Iron 3) Lead 4) Invar
36. Substance which contracts on heating, among
the following is
a) Invar b) Brass

t A  150
c) Silver Iodide d) Type metal
1) a & b 2) b & c 3) c & d 4) d & a
tB  100 37. When the temperature of a body increases
1) density and moment of inertia increases
0 Temperature( B) 100
2) density and moment of inertia decreses
t A  180 t
 B
t A  30 t
 B 3) density decreases and moment of inertia
1) 2)
100 150 150 100 increases
t A  180 t A t B  40 t 4) density increases and moment of inertia
3)  4)  A
150 100 100 180 decreases

XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 17

 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
38. Two Brass rods of same length but with 46. In RCC slabs only iron rods are used but not
different diameters are heated by equal of any other metal because
amounts of heat. The expansion is
1) it has more ultimate strength
1) Same in both rods 2) more in thick rod
2) they are cheap 3) elasticity is more
3) more in thin rod
4) the coefficient of expansions of concrete and
4) depends on material of rods iron are equal.
39. A Brass stopper snuggly fits in the hole of 47. Among the following solids, the lowest
steel plate. To remove the stopper easily, the coefficient of expansion is for
system
1) Concrete 2) Rubber
1) should be heated 2) should be cooled
3) Glass 4) Silicon
3) may be heated or cooled
48. If the length of a body is measured in
4) can not be removed by heating or cooling centimeters instead of meters, the coefficient
40. A ball does not pass through a copper ring at of linear expansion
room temperature. The same ball, after 1) increasses 2) decreases
heating , passes through the same ring. It
3) remains same
shows due to heating, the ball
4) decreases to 1/100 of the original value
1) expands 2) contracts
49. A platinum wire can be sealed through glass,
3) does not change 4) 1 or 2 but a brass wire cannot be sealed in glass
41. A thick glass tumbler gets cracks when because
boiling water is poured into it, because of 1) Platinum has greater density than brass
1) poor quality 2) unequal expansions 2) Platinum and glass have the same value for
3) a of glass is zero 4) a of glass is maximum coefficient volume expansion
42. Good quality glass tumblers are made of 3) Platinum is an element while brass is an alloy
special material whose linear coefficient of 4) Platinum does not rust
expansion is
50. A solid ball of metall has a spherical cavity
1) large 2) minimum inside it. The ball is heated. The volume of
3) negative 4) a has no relation cavity
43. Due to heating, soft rubber 1) decreases 2) increases
1) expands 2) contracts 3) remain unchanged
3) does not change 4) have its shape changed
4) 1 or 2 depending on pressure 51. Two spheres of same size are made of same
44. A solid sphere and a hollow sphere of same metal, but one is hollow and the other is solid.
material have same mass. When they are They are heated to same temperature then
heated by 50°C, increase in volume of solid 1) Both spheres will expand equally
sphere is 5 c.c. The expansion of hollow 2) Hollow sphere will expand more than solid one
sphere is
3) Solid sphere will expand more than Hollow one
1) 5 c.c. 2) more than 5 c.c.
4) None of the above
3) Less than 5 c.c. 4) None
52. A metal washer has a hole of diameter d1 and
45. A metal meter scale has two holes at the two an external diameter d2 such that d2 = 3d1. If
ends. when the scale is heated the distance on heating d2 increases by 0.3% then d1
between the two holes
1) decreases by 0.1% 2) decreases by 0.3%
1) decreases 2) increases
3) increases by 0.1% 4) increases by 0.3%
3) doesnot change 4) may increase or decrease

XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 18

 Physics
53. When two similar rods A and B but of different
materials and different lengths are conected
end to end and lagged between two strong
supports. When the temperature of the rods
increases
1) force on A > B but the expansions of the rods
are same
2) force on A < B but the expansions of the rods
are same
3) forces on A & B are equal but the expansions
of the rods differ
4) forces on A & B are equal and the expansions
of the rods are same
54. A metal sphere is heated. Maximum percent-
age increase occurs in its
1) Density 2) Volume
3) Surface Area 4) Radius
55. Thermostat works on the principle of
1) on heating metal expands
2) unequal expansions of different metals on
heating
3) Both 1 and 2 4) None
56. Two metal strips that constitute a thermostat
must necessarly differ in their
1) mass 2) length
3) resistivity 4) coeffcient of linear expansion
57. A bimetal made of copper and iron strips
welded together is straight at room
temperature. It is held vertically so that the
iron strip is towards the left hand and copper
strip is towards right hand. The bimetal strip
is then heated. The bimetal strip
1) remains straight 2) bends towards right
3) bends towards left 4) does not change
58. Which of the following statement is wrong
1) Bimetal is used in metal themometer
2) Bimetal is used to generate electricity
3) Bimetal relays are used to open or close electric
circuits
4) Bimetal is used in thermostat for regulating
heating or cooling of rooms.
XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA
THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
EXPANSION OF LIQUIDS
59. Density of liquid at any temperature 't' is given
by dt = d0 /(1+t). This equation applies to
1) all liquids 2) all liquids except water
3) no liquid 4) all liquids except mercury
60. A block of wood is floating on water at 0°C
with certain volume 'p' below the water, when
the temperature of water is slowly raised to
10°C, the value of 'p'
1) Increase upto 4°C and then decreases
2) Increases continuously
3) Decreases continuously
4) Decreases upto 4°C and then increases
61. A block of wood is floating on water at 00C
with a certain volume V above water level.
The temperature of water is slowly raised from
00C to 200C. How the volume V change with
the rise of temperature
1) V will remain unchanged
2) V will go decreasing from begining to the end
3) V will decrease till the temperature of water
reaches at 40C and then it will go on decreasing.
4) V will increase till the temperature of water
reaches to 40C and then it will go on decreasing
62. Coefficient of volume expansion of a vessel
is greater than the liquid it contains. If the
vessel is heated for long time, the level of
liquid in the vessel
1) falls 2) rises 3) remains same
4) first rises and then falls
63. A liquid with coefficient of volume expansion
 is filled in a container of a material having
the coefficient of linear expansion  . If the
liquid overflows on heating
1)   3 2)   3
3)   3 4)   3 3
64. The loss of weight of a solid when inmersed in a
liquid at 00C is m0 and m1 at t 10C . If  S and  L
are the coefficients of cubical expansions of solid
and liquid then m1 is equal to
1) m 0 (1  (  s   L )t 2) m 0 (1  (  s   L )t
m0t
3) m 0 [(  S   L )]t 4)     
S L
19
 Physics
65. When a liquid is heated in a vessel, it is found
that  R is less than  A. This happens when
the vessel ----- on heating.
1) expands 2) contracts
3) does not change 4) none
66. In an experiment it is observed that for a
liquid  Abs =  App. Then the vessel ---- on
heating.
1) does not expand 2) does not contract
3) does not expand or contract
4) expands
67. When a liquid, taken in a long cylindrical
vessel of material with linear coeffficient of
expansion '  ', is heated, the level of liquid
did not change. The volume coeffcient of
expansion of liquid is
1) 3 2) 2 3)  4) 4
68. A metal ball immersed in alcohol weighs w1 at
0°C and w2 at 50°C. Assuming that the density
of the metal is large compared to that of
alcohol, then
1) w1=w2 2) w1>w2 3) w1<w2 4) none
69. A solid is suspended in a liquid. If the liquid
is heated, the solid (assume the solid
expansion is negligible)
1) floats 2) sinks
3) no change 4) nothing can be said
70. A vessel is partly filled with a liquid.
Coefficients of cubical expansion of material
of the vessel and liquid are  g and  L
respectively. If the system is heated, then the
volume unoccupied by the liquid necessarily
1) decreases if  g   L and  g   L
2) increases if  g   L and  g   L
3) increases if  g   L and  g   L
4) decreases if  g   L and  g   L
71. When water is heated from 0°C to 10°C, its
volume
1) increases 2) decreases
3) does not change
4) first decreases and then increases
72. Apparent expansion of liquid does not depend on
1) nature of the liquid 2) colour of the liquid
3) change in temperature 4) material of vessel
XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA
THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
73. Volume coefficient of expansion of water is
1) max. at 4°C 2) minimum at 4°C
3) zero at 4°C 4) negative at 4°C
74. Among the following , the liquid having
negative coefficient of cubical expansion
between 273K and 277K is
1) Ethylene Glycol 2) Mercury
3) Water 4) None
75. In cold countries, water does not freeze at the
bottom of a lake in winter, on account of
1) anomalous expansion of water between 4°C
and 0°C
2) ice being lighter than water
3) ice being poor conductor of heat
4) all the above three factors
76. The surface water in a lake is going to freeze.
Now the temperature of water at the bottom is
1) 274 K 2) 277 K 3) 100 K 4) 0K
77. Water at 4°C is filled to the brim of two
beakers A and B of glass of negligible
coefficient of expansion. A boy performed
experiments by heating the beaker A and
cooling the beaker B. He observes
1) Level of water in 'B' went down and water in
'A' flows out
2) Water flows out in both cases
3) Water flows out from B and water level went
down in beaker A.
4) In both cases water level went down
.EXPANSION OF GASES
78. A real gas deviates from perfect gas
behaviour as its molecules
1) have definite size 2) attract each other
3) are not spherical 4) both 1 and 2
79. An ideal gas is that which
1) cannot be liquified 2) can be easily liquified
3) has strong inter molecular forces
4) has a larger size of molecules
20
 Physics
80. It is decided to verify Boyle's law over a wide
range of temperature and pressures. The most
suitable gas to be selected for this purpose is
1) Carbon dioxide 2) Helium
3) Oxygen 4) Hydrogen
81. When a gas is forced in a smaller volume
without change in temperature, its pressure
increase because its molecules
1) strike unit area of the container walls more
number of times
2) strike the unit area of the container walls at
higher speed
3) strike the unit area of the container wall with
greater area.
4) have more energy
82. The pressure of a gas does not depend up on
1) Kinetic energy of its molecules
2) The temperature of gas
3) The density of the gas
4) The volume of the gas when the density remains
unchanged
83. When the pressure of a gas is doubled under
constant temperature the density becomes
1) double 2) halved
3) does not change 4) decrease to 1/4.
84. When the volume of a saturated vapour is
decreased, its pressure
1) increases according to Boyle's law
2) decreases according to Boyle's law
3) changes but not according to Boyle's law
4) remains constant
85. A closed vessel contains some gas at
atmospheric pressure and room temperature.
It is placed in a fast moving train. Then the
temperature of the gas
1) increases 2) decreases
3) remains same
4) depends on the nature of the gas
86. When the temperature of a gas is increased
at constant pressure, the number of molecules
per c.c.
1) decreases 2) increases
3) remains same 4) zero
THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
87. Under which of the following conditions PV =
RT is obeyed most closely by a real gas ?
1) high pressure and high temperature
2) low pressure and low temperature
3) low pressure and high temperature
4) high pressure and low temperature
88. A sample of an ideal gas occupies a volume
'V' at pressure 'P' and absoulte temperature
'T'. The mass of each molecule is m. The
expression for the density of gas is
1) mKT 2) P/KT 3) P/KTV 4) Pm/KT
89. The ratio of the volume expansivity of Helium
to pressure expansivity of Hydrogen is
1
1) 1 2) 2 3) 273 4)
273
90. The difference between volume and pressure
coefficient of an ideal gas is
1) 1/273 2) 273 3) 2/273 4) zero
91. The law that leads to absolute scale of
temperature is
1) Kelvin’s law 2) Charels’ law
3) Boyles law 4) None
92. The scale of temperature which does't have
negative temperatures is
1) Centigrade 2) Fahrenheit
3) absolute 4) None
93. Which of the following methods will enable the
volume of an ideal gas to be made 4 times
1) Absolute temperature and pressure must be
doubled
2) at constant pressure the absolute temperature
must be increased by 4 times
3) at constant temperature the pressure must be
increased by 4 times
4) quarter the absolute temperature at constant
pressure.
94. The graph between temperature in ºC and
pressure of a perfect gas is
1) hyperbola
2) a straight line passing though the origin
3) A straight line parallel to pressure axis
intercepting temperature axis as -2730C
4) a straight line with +ve intercept on pressure
axis and intercepting the temperature axis as -
2730C

XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 21

 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
95. A real gas can be approximated to an ideal gasat 102. During melting process, the heat given to a
1) low density 2) high pressure solid is used in (generally)
3) high density 4) low temperature 1) Increasing the temperature
96. For Boyles law to hold good the gas should be 2) Increasing the density of material
1) Perfect and at constant temperature and mass 3) Increasing the average distance between the
2) Real and at constant temperature and mass molecules
3) Perfect and at constant temperature but variable mass. 4) Increasing the average K.E. of the molecules
4) Real and at constant temperature but variable mass 103. Paraffin wax expands on melting. The melting
97. The increase in volume of the bubble as it point of wax will
rises from the bottom of the beaker with water 1) Increase with pressure
at constant temperature is due to 2) Decrease with pressure
1) Charle's law 2) Boyle's law 3) Not change with pressure
3) Avogadro's law 4) Dalton's law 4) Decrease linearly with pressure
98. We write the Boyles law as PV=C when the 104. Water is used in car radiators as coolant
temperature remain constant. In this relation because of
the magnitude of C depend upon
1) Its density is more
1) The nature of the gas used in the experiment
2) High specific heat
2) The magnitude of g in the laboratory
3) High thermal conductivity
3) The atmospheric pressure
4) Free availability
4) The quantity of the gas enclosed
105. In the following, the specific heat is minimum for
99. Molar gas constant is the same for all gases
because at the same temperature and pressure, 1) water 2) coconut oil
equal volumes of all gases have the same 3) kerosene 4) mercury
1) number of molecules 2) K.E. 106. A glass of water contains ice cubes floating
3) density 4) Ratio of specific heats on it. When all ice melts the level of water in
100. A gas deviates maximum from the ideal gas the glass
laws at 1) Increases 2) Decreases
1) high temperature and high pressure 3) Remains same 4) Doubled
2) low temperature and low pressure 107. When two pieces of ice are pressed together,
3) high temperature and low pressure they combine to form one single piece. This
process is called.
4) low temperature and high pressure
1) Freezing 2) Regelation
CALORIMETRY
3) combination 4) Sublimation
101. A large ice berg melts at the base and not at
the top because 108. Which of the following pairs of physical quantities
may be represented by the same unit?
1) The base of the iceberg is slightly warm
1) Heat and temperature 2) Temperature and mole
2) Ice at the base contains impurities
3) Heat and work 4) specific heat and heat
3) Lowering of melting point of ice at the bottom 109. Which of the following pairs represent units
due to high pressure of the same physical quanitity?
4) Elevation of melting point of ice at the bottom 1) kelvin and Joule 2) kelvin and calorie
due to high pressure 3) newton and calorie 4) joule and calorie

XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 22

 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
110. The temperature of an object is observed to 118. The triple point for water is
rise in a period. During this period 1) 00C at a pressure of 1 atmosphere
1) Heat must be supplied to it
2) 273 K at a pressure of 76 mm of Hg
2) heat may have been supplied to it
3) –2730C of a pressure of 4mm. of Hg
3) work may have been done on it
4) 273. 16K at a pressure of 613 Pa
4) 2 & 3
111. Of the following specific heat is maximum for 119. Ice, water and steam co-exist at triple point
temperature 273.16 K and pressure 4.6 mm
1) Mercury 2) Copper
Hg In a system in which the triple point con-
3) Water 4) Silver
ditions of temeprature and pressure exist, the
112. Some quantity of heat is given to a substance. pressure is increased a little while keeping
The quantity which determines the temperature the temperature constant , then the system
of the body is
contains.
1) Mass 2) specific heat
1) ice only 2) water only
3) Water equivalent 4) Thermal conductivity
3) steam only 4) water and ice
113. In a pressure cooker the cooking is fast because
1) The boiling point of water is raised by the
increased pressure inside the cooker HEAT TRANSFER
2) The boiling point is lowered CONDUCTION
3) More steam is available for cooking 120. Of the following the fastest process of heat
4) more pressure is available at 100°C transfer is
114. A fan produces a feeling of comfort because 1) conduction 2) convection
1) A fan supplies cool air 3) Radiation
2) Due to evaporation of sweat 4) conduction through silver rod
3) Fan cools the air 121. S.I. Unit of temperature gradient is
4) Fan increases the humidity in air 1) mK-1 2) Km-1 3) K-m 4) K-m2
115. Iron, lead and brass spheres of equal masses
122. Amount of heat conducted through a metal
are heated to a common temperature and are
rod is directly proportional to
kept on a sheet of wax. The sphere that passes
through the plate first is (lead 0.03 cal/g/°C, 1) Area of cross section
iron 0.11 cal/g/°C, brass 0.08 cal/g/ºC) 2) Temperature gradient
1) lead 2) brass 3) Time of flow of Heat 4) All the above
3) iron 4) all at the same time 123. Coefficient of thermal conductivity
116. A gas is heated first keeping the pressure 1) depends upon Nature of the material of the Body
constant and then keeping the volume
2) is independent of Dimensions of the body
constant through the same range of
temperature. Heat supplied in the first 3) both (1) and (2)
process to that of supplied in the second 4) depends on temperture gradient
process is 124. For an Ideal conductor, thermal resistance is
1) More 2) Less 3) Equal 4) More or Less 1) Zero 2) Infinity 3) unity 4) none
117. If a bullet is suddenly stopped the rise in 125. When a metal rod attains same temperature
temperature is independent of through out its length, then its conductivity is
1) Mass of the bullet 2) Material of bullet 1) zero 2) Infinity 3) one 4) None
3) Velocity of bullet 4) All the above

XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 23

 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
126.Under steady state of conduction, the 133. The process of heat transfer without affecting
temperature at a cross-section of a body the medium is called
1) Decreases with time 1) Conduction 2) Convection
2) Increases with time 3) Radiation 4) All
3) Does not change with time and is same at all 134. The material of prism used for obtaining
crossections of the body spectrum of heat radiations is
4) Does not change with time and is different at
1) Flint glass 2) Crown glass
different crossections of the body
3) Rock salt 4) Quartz
127. During severe winter in the low temperature
zones of the world, the superficial parts of the 135. Rate of transfer of heat is maximum in the case of
lakes are frozen, leaving water below. The 1) Conduction 2) Convection
freezing at the bottom is prevented because : 3) Radiation 4) All the above
1) The conductivity of ice is low 136. A calorimeter full of hot water is hung in
2) The water has large specific heat vaccum. It will
3) The water has large latent heat of fusion 1) Cool by conduction 2) Cool by convection
4) The temperature of the earth at the bottom of 3) Cool by radiation 4) Not cool at all
the lake is high. 137. A Block of Ice
128. Which of the following combination of
1) Can radiate as well as absorb heat
properties would be most desirable for a
2) Cannot radiate heat
cooking pot :
1) High specific heat and low thermal conductivity 3) Is an example for a black body
2) Low specific heat and high thermal conductivity 4) Is an example for a white body
3) High specific heat and high thermal conductivity 138. Emissive power and Absorptive power of a
4) Low specific heat and low thermal conducticity body depend upon
129. While measuring the thermal conductivity of 1) Nature of the surface
a liquid we keep the upper part hot and the 2) Temperature of the body
lower part cool so that, 3) Both 1 and 2 4) None of the above
1) Convection may be stopped 139. The surface which radiates more heat at a
2) Radiation may be stopped given temperature is
3) Heat conduction is easier downwards 1) Black& Polished 2) White & Polished
4) Both convection and radiation may be stopped 3) White & Rough 4) Black & Rough
130. It is hotter over top of the fire than at same 140. Radiant Energy emitted by a body depends upon
distance on the sides due to 1) Nature of the surface of the body
1) Conduction 2) Convection 2) Surface area of the body
3) Radiation 4) All the above 3) Temperature of the body
131. Thermal radiation falls in 4) All the above
1) Visible region 2) Cosmic region 141. In case of a perfect blackbody
3) Ultra violet region 4) Infrared region 1) Emissivity = 1 2) Absorptive power = 1
3) Reflecting &Transmittiing powers are zero
132. If the distance between the source & absorber is
4) All the above
halved then Intensity of radiant energy will be
142. The hot water pipes used to heat up the rooms
1) Doubled 2) Quadrupled are painted
3) Halved 4) increased to 16 times 1) red 2) black 3) white 4) yellow

XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 24

 Physics
143. A small hole in the wall of an enclosure behaves as
1) Good absorber & poor emitter
2) Good absorber & good emitter
3) Poor absorber & poor emitter
4) Poor absorber & good emitter
144. In Fery’s blackbody
1) Inner surface of inner wall is coated with lamp
black and outer surface of outer wall is silver
polished
2) Space between the two walls is evacuated to
prevent heat losses due to conducion &
convection
3) A conical projection is provided on the inner
wall opposite to small hole
4) All the above
145. Blackbody Radiation is
1) Black 2) White
3) Colourless 4) None of the above
146. The spectrum of thermal radiation from a
blackbody is
1) Continuous spectrum 2) Line Spectrum
3) Band Spectrum 4) All the above
147. A person with dark skin when compared to a
person with white skin will experience
1) Less heat, less cold 2) Less heat, more cold
3) More heat, more cold 4) more heat, less cold
148. The best laboratory approximation to an ideal
black body is
1) A lump of charcoal heated to high temperature
2) A glass surface coated with coaltar
3) A metal coated with a black dye
4) A hollow enclosure blackened inside with soot
and having a small hole
149. The bulbs of two identical thermometers
A and B are coated, one with lamp black and
the other with silver. Both are exposed to Sun.
Then
1) Initial reading of A is more than that of B
2) Final temperature of both is same
3) Final temperature of both is different
4) Both 1 and 2
XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA
THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
150. In a Thermos flask, heat losses due to
1) Conduction & Convection are minimised by creating
vacuum between the two walls of the flask
2) Radiation is minimised by silver polishing both
inner & outer surfaces
3) Both 1&2 4) None of the above
151. A cup of hot tea on a metal table in a room
loses heat by
1) Conduction 2) Convection
3) Radiation 4) All the above
152. According to Kirchoff’s law
1) Good emitters are good absorbers
2) Good emitters are poor absorbers
3) Poor emitters are good absorbers
4) All the above
153. Fraunhoffer lines in solar spectrum can be
cited as an example of
1) Stefan’s law 2) Kirchoff’s law
3) Wien’s law 4) Plank’s law
154. A sphere, a cube and circular plate of same
material and same mass are heated to same
temperature. Then cooling of
1) Sphere is slowest 2) Circular plate is fastest
3) Cube is moderate 4) All the above
155. The thermal radiations emitted by a body is
proportional to n where  is absolute
temperature. The value of n is
1) 4 for a black body
2) 4 for black pointed bodies
3) 4 for polished bodies 4) 4 for all bodies
156. A Blackbody, a Whitebody, A Bluebody and a
Red coloured body are heated to same
temperature and are allowed to cool in the same
surroundings. Then the body that cools early is
1) Red 2) Blue 3) White 4) Black
d
157. Rate of cooling depends upon
dt
1) Nature of the surface and surface area of the body
2) Temperature of body and surroudings
3) Mass and Sp.heat of the body
4) All the above
25
 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
 dQ  164. Newton’s law of cooling is applicable when
158. If rate of heat loss  dt  of two bodies of
1) Temperature of every part of the body is same
different masses are same, then 2) Hot body is cooled in uniform streamlined flow
 d 
1) their rates of fall of temperature   will be of air (Forced convection)
 dt 
same 3) Heat is lost only by radiation 4) Both 1 and 2
2) rate of fall of temperature of the body having 165. Newton’s law of cooling is a special case of
large Thermal capacity will be large 1) Kirchoff’s Law 2) Wien’s Law
3) rate of fall of temperature of the body having 3) Plank’s Law 4) Stefan -Boltzmann’s Law
large Thermal capacity will be small
166.According to Newton's law of cooling, the rate
4) None of the above
159. If ratio of rates of heat loss of two bodies is of cooling of a body is proportional to   n ,
x : y and ratio of rates of fall of tempeature is where  is difference of temperature of body
p : q, then ratio of their heat capacities will be and surroundings, and n is equal to
xp xq yq yp 1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
1) 2) 3) xp 4)
yq yp xq
160. Ratio of rate of fall of heat to rate of fall of
EXERCISE - I
temperature of a body of mass m and sp.heat S is ANSWERS
1 m 1) 3 2) 4 3) 4 4) 3 5) 4
1) ms 2) 3) 1 4)
ms s 6) 1 7) 3 8) 3 9) 4 10) 1
161. A beaker full of hot water is kept in a room. It 11) 3 12) 3 13) 4 14) 4 15) 2
cools from 80° C to 75° C in t1 minutes, 75°C 16) 3 17) 2 18) 1 19) 2 20) 3
to 70°C in t2 minutes and 70°C to 65°C in t3 21) 4 22) 1 23) 1 24) 2 25) 1
minutes in the same surroundings. Then 26) 4 27) 2 28) 3 29) 3 30) 3
1) t1 = t2 = t3 2) t1 < t2< t3 31) 1 32) 2 33) 1 34) 3 35) 4
3) t1 > t2 > t3 4) t1< t2 = t3 36) 3 37) 3 38) 3 39) 2 40) 2
41) 2 42) 2 43) 2 44) 2 45) 2
162. Two spheres of radii r1 and r2 have densities
46) 4 47) 4 48) 3 49) 2 50) 2
1 and  2 and sp.heats C1 and C2 respectively..
51) 1 52) 4 53) 3 54) 2 55) 2
If they are heated to same temperature, the
56) 4 57) 3 58) 2 59) 2 60) 4
ratio of their rates of fall of temperature in
61) 4 62) 1 63) 2 64) 2 65) 2
the same surroundings will be
66) 3 67) 1 68) 3 69) 2 70) 3
r11c1 r1 2 c 2 r2 1c1 r22 c2 71) 4 72) 2 73) 3 74) 3 75) 4
1) r  c 2) 3) 4)
2 2 2 r2 1c1 r1 2 c 2 r11c1 76) 2 77) 2 78) 4 79) 1 80) 4
163. The cooling curves 1and 2 of two liquids of 81) 1 82) 4 83) 1 84) 3 85) 3
same mass, Sp.heats S 1 and S 2 are cooled 86) 1 87) 3 88) 4 89) 1 90) 4
under identical conditions as shown in the 91) 2 92) 3 93) 2 94) 4 95) 1
graph. Then 96) 1 97) 2 98) 4 99) 1 100) 4
101) 2 102) 3 103) 1 104) 2 105) 4
1) S1 = S2
106) 3 107) 2 108) 3 109) 4 110) 4
2) S1 < S2 111) 3 112) 3 113) 1 114) 2 115) 1
116) 1 117) 1 118) 4 119) 2 120) 3
3) S1 > S2
121) 2 122) 4 123) 3 124) 1 125) 2
4) S1  S2
XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 26
 BIIT MUSCAT

CLASS IX PHYSICS TEST MAX MARKS :20

___________________________________________________________

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ANSWER ANY 10 QUESTIONS 8. The higher and lower fixed points on a
thermometer are separated by 150mm. When
1. Express OK on Fahrenheit scale. the length of the mercury thread above the
lower temperature is 30 mm, the temperature
1) -459.67°F 2) 240.6°F 3) -320°F 4) 373°F
reading would be
1) 200C 2) 300C 3) 100C 4) 00C
2. A faulty thermometer has its fixed points
marked as 3° and 102°. The temperature of a
9. A centrigrade and a Fahrenheit thermometer
body as measured by the faulty thermometer
are dipped in boiling water. The water
is 80°. Find the correct temperature of the
temperature is lowered until the Fahrenheit
body on Celsius scale.
thermometer registers 1760F. What is the fall
1) 36.5°C 2) 77.8°C 3) 25.8°C 4) 66.8°C in temperature as registered by the
Centigrade thermometer
3. At what temperature on the Fahrenheit scale 1) 200C 2) 400C 3) 600C 4) 800C
will the reading be double of the reading on
the Celsius scale?
1) 340°F 2) 240.6°F 3) 330°F 4) 320°F 10. Two liquids at temperatures 60o C and 20o C
respectively have masses in the ratio 3 : 4
and their specific heats in the ratio 4 : 5. If
4. A acurate Celsius thermometer and a the two liquids are mixed, the resultant
Fahrenheit thermometer register 60° and temperature is
141° respectively when placed in the same
constant temperature enclosure. What is the 1) 70oC 2) 50oC 3) 40oC 4) 35oC
error in the Fahrenheit thermometer?
1)1°F 2) 3°F 3) -5°F 4) 2°F 11. Two liquids are at 40ºC and 30°C. When they
are mixed in equal masses, the temperature
5. The reading of centigrade thermometer of the mixture is 36°C. Ratio of their specific
coincides with that of Fahrenheit thermometer heats is
in a liquid. The temperature of the liquid is 1) 3 : 2 2) 2 : 3 3) 4 : 3 4) 3 : 4
1) -400C 2) 00C 3) 1000C 4) 3000C

6. Two thermometers one Celcius and other 12. The quantity of heat which can rise the
Fahrenheit are put in a hot bath. The reading temperature of x gm of a substance through
on Fahrenheit scale is just three times the t1°C can rise the temperature of y gm of water
reading on Celcius thermometer. The through t2°C is same. The ratio of specific
temperature of the bath is heats of the substances is
1) 1000C 2) (80/3) 0C 3) 800C 4) 700C 1) yt1/xt2 2) xt2/yt1 3) yt2/xt1 4) xt1/yt2

7. The steam point and the ice point of a mercury

thermometer are marked as 800and 200. What
will be the temperature in centigrade mercury
scale when this thermometer reads 32 0
1) 200C 2) 300C 3) 100C 4) 00C
 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
126) 4 127) 1 128) 2 129) 1 130) 2 6. The reading of centigrade thermometer
131) 4 132) 2 133) 3 134) 3 135) 3 coincides with that of Fahrenheit thermometer
136) 3 137) 1 138) 3 139) 4 140) 4 in a liquid. The temperature of the liquid is
141) 4 142) 2 143) 2 144) 4 145) 2 1) -400C 2) 00C 3) 1000C 4) 3000C
146) 1 147) 2 148) 4 149) 4 150) 3 7. Two thermometers one Celcius and other
151) 4 152) 1 153) 2 154) 2 155) 4 Fahrenheit are put in a hot bath. The reading
156) 4 157) 4 158) 3 159) 2 160) 1 on Fahrenheit scale is just three times the
reading on Celcius thermometer. The
161) 2 162) 4 163) 3 164) 4 165) 4
temperature of the bath is
166) 1
1) 1000C 2) (80/3) 0C 3) 800C 4) 700C
EXERCISE - II(A) 8. The steam point and the ice point of a mercury
THERMOMETRY thermometer are marked as 800and 200. What
1. Express OK on Fahrenheit scale. will be the temperature in centigrade mercury
scale when this thermometer reads 32 0
1) -459.67°F 2) 240.6°F 3) -320°F 4) 373°F
1) 200C 2) 300C 3) 100C 4) 00C
2. On Reaumer scale of temperature the melting
point of ice and the boiling point of water are 9. The higher and lower fixed points on a
taken as 0°R and 80°R respectively. The thermometer are separated by 150mm. When
freezing point and boiling point of mercury on the length of the mercury thread above the
Celsius scale are 39°C and 367°C lower temperature is 30 mm, the temperature
respectively. Express these temperature on reading would be
Reaumer scale.
1) 200C 2) 300C 3) 100C 4) 00C
1) 12.2°R, 127°R 2) 41°R, 290°R
10. A centrigrade and a Fahrenheit thermometer
3) 31.2°R, 293.6°R 4) 71°R, 293.6°R are dipped in boiling water. The water
temperature is lowered until the Fahrenheit
3. A faulty thermometer has its fixed points
thermometer registers 1760F. What is the fall
marked as 3° and 102°. The temperature of a
in temperature as registered by the
body as measured by the faulty thermometer
Centigrade thermometer
is 80°. Find the correct temperature of the
body on Celsius scale. 1) 200C 2) 400C 3) 600C 4) 800C
1) 36.5°C 2) 77.8°C 3) 25.8°C 4) 66.8°C 11. A platinum resistance thermometer reads
00 C when its resistance is 80  and 100 0
4. At what temperature on the Fahrenheit scale
when its resistance is 90  . Find the
will the reading be double of the reading on
temperature at the platinum scale at which the
the Celsius scale?
resistance is 86 
1) 340°F 2) 240.6°F 3) 330°F 4) 320°F
1) 300C 2) 600C 3) 200C 4) 100C
5. A acurate Celsius thermometer and a
12. The pressure of a gas filled in the bulb of a
Fahrenheit thermometer register 60° and
constant volume gas thermometer at 00C and
141° respectively when placed in the same
1000 C are 28.6 cm and 36.6 cm of mercury
constant temperature enclosure. What is the
respectively. The temperature of bulb at which
error in the Fahrenheit thermometer?
pressure will be 35.0 cm of mercury will be
1)1°F 2) 3°F 3) -5°F 4) 2°F
1) 800C 2) 700C 3) 550C 4) 400C

XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 27

 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

13. A fixed mass of an ideal gas is maintained at 20. The ratio of the lengths of two rods is 4:3.
constant volume the pressure of the gas at The ratio of their coefficients of cubical
triple point of water is p tr then the expansion is 2:3. Then the ratio of their linear
thermodynamic temperature of the gas when expansions when they are heated through
the pressure is P same temperature difference is
1) 2:1 2) 1:2 3) 8:9 4) 9:8
 P   PP 
tr 21. The ratio of lengths of two rods is 1 : 2 and
1) 273.16  P  K 2) 273.16  P  K
 tr   tr  the ratio of coefficient of expansions is
2 : 3. The first rod is heated through 60 0C.
 Ptr   P  Ptr  Find the temperature through which the
3) 273.16   K 4) 273.16  K
P  P  second rod is to be heated so that its expansion
14. The steam point and the ice point of a mercuary is twice that of first is
thermometer are wrongly marked as 920C and 1) 600C 2) 400C 3) 300C 4) 100C
20 C respectively. The correct temperature 22. A wire of length 60 cm is bent into a circle
read by this thermometer is with a gap of 1 cm at its ends. On heating it by
1) 20C 2) 50C 3) 100C 4) 200C 100°C, the length of the gap increases to 1.02
cm.  of material of wire is
15. A Fahrenheat thermometer reads 1130F while
a faulty celsius thermometer reads 440C. The 1) 2 x 10–4/°C 2) 4 x 10–4/°C
correction to be applied to the celsius 3) 6 x 10–4/°C 4) 1 x 10–4/°C
thermometer is 23. A metal metre scale gives correct
1) –10C 2) +10C 3) +20C 4) –20F measurement at 00C. It is generally used at a
16. On a hypothetical scale X, the ice point is 400 temperature of 40 0 C. The correction to be
and the steam point is 1200. For another scale made for every metre is (   106 /10 C )
Y the ice point and steam points are 300 1) 4 X 10–5 m 2) 4 X 10–5 m to be added
1) –50 2) –80 3) –100 4) –120 3) 4 X 10–5 m must be deducted
17. A gas thermometer measures the tempera- 4) None of the above.
ture from the variation of pressure of a sample 24. The temperature of a thin uniform rod
of gas. If the pressure measured at the melt- increases by t . If moment of inertia I about
ing point of lead is 2.20 times the pressure an axis perpenducular to its length, then its
measured at the triple point of water find the moment of increases by
melting point of lead. 1) 0 2)  I  t 3) 2 I  t 4)  2 I  t
1) 601 K 2) 420 K 3) 790 K 4) 510 K 25. A metal rod has a length of 1m at 30°C.
EXPANSION OF SOLIDS '  ' of metal is 2.5 x 10–5/°C. The temperature
at which it will be shortened by 1mm is
18. Coefficient of cubical expansion of a solid is
(0.000027/°C). If the temperature is measured 1) –30°C 2) –40°C 3) –10° C 4) 10°C
on Fahreheit scale, numerical value of 26. Upon heating, the length of the side of a cube
coefficient of linear expansion of solid is changes by 2%. The volume of the cube
1) 0.000009/°F 2) 0.000005/°F changes by
1) 1% 2) 6 % 3) 0.5 % 4) 4 %
3) 0.000015/°F 4) 0.000018/°F
27. Radius of a sphere is 100cm at 0°C and
19. If coefficient of cubical expansion is x times
100.1cm at 100°C. Coefficient of cubical
coefficient of superficial expansion, then the
expansion of the sphere is
value of x is
1) 30 x 10–6/C 2) 10 x 10–6/°C
1) 1.5 2) 2 3) 2.5 4) 3
3) 60 x 10–6/°C 4) 20 x 10–6/°C
XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 28
 Physics
28. A brass disc at 0°C has a diameter of 50Cm
and a hole of diameter 10cm. For Brass
a = 18 x 10–6/°C. When the disc is heated to
100°C, the diameter of the hole becomes.
1) 10.018 cm 2) 10.180 cm
3) 10.8 cm 4) 10.81 cm
29. Density of a substance at 0°C is 10.6 gm/c.c
and at 100°C is 10 gm/c.c. coefficient of linear
expansion of solid is
1) 0.0006/°C 2) 0.0004/°C
3) 0.0003/°C 4) 0.0002/°C
30. A steel rod of dimesions 4 x 4cm2 is tightly
fixed between two supports and is not allowed
to expand. It is heated through 2°C. Thermal
stress developed is ....10 6 N/m2
(Y= 20×1010N/m2  = 18 x 10–6/‚C)
1) 7.2 2) 2.7 3) 3.6 4) 0.72
31. A length of 2m is measured using a metal tape
at 100C. It is calibrated at a temperature 300C.
The actual length is (  1  10 4 / 1C0 )
1) 2.004 m 2) 1.996 m 3) 1.004 m 4) 0.004 cm
32. A metal tape gives correct measurement at
150C. It is used to measure a distance of 100m
at 45 0C. The error in the measurement, if
  12  10  6 / 10 C is
1) 36 cm 2) 36 m 3) 42 mm 4) 36 mm
33. The ratio of the lengths of an iron rod and an
aluminium rod for which the difference in the
lengths is independent of temperature is
(Coefficient of linear expansion of iron and
aluminium are 12 x 10-6/°C and 24x10-6/°C
respectively)
1) 2:1 2) 3:1 3) 1:2 4) 4:1
34. A piece of copper wire has a length of 2m at
10°C. Its length at 100°C is (Coefficient of
linear expansion of copper = 17 x 10-6/°C)
1) 20.00306 m 2) 2.00306 m
3) 4.000306m 4)15.000306m
35. A piece of steel has a length of 30cm at 15°C.
At 90°C its length increases by 0.027 cm. Its
coefficient of linear expansion is
1) 15 x 10-6/°C 2)12 x 10-6/°C
3)15 x 15-6/°C 4) 20 x 10-6/°C
XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA
THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
36. The density of lead at 0°C is 11.34 g/cm3. The
density of land at 100°C, if the coefficient of
linear expansion of lead = 28 x 10-6/°C is
1) 13.25 gm/cm3 2) 17.25 gm/cm3
3) 18.25 gm/cm3 4)11.25 gm/cm3
37. A steel scale is correct at 0°C. The length of
a brass tube measured by it at 40°C is 4.5m.
The correct length of the tube at 0°C is
(Coefficients of linear expansion of steel and
brass are 11 × 10 -6 /°C and 19 × 10 -6 /°C
respectively).
1) 4.001 m 2) 5.001 m 3) 4.999m 4) 4.501m
38. A brass meter bar is correct at 20°C. The
length of a rod as measured by it at 35°C is
50cm. The true length of the rod at 35°C is
(coefficient of linear expansion of brass is
19 × 10-6/°C)
1) 40.01m 2) 25.02 m 3) 50.01m 4) 45.01 m
39. Two thin metal strips, one of brass and the
other of iron are fastened together parallel to
each other, a distance 2 mm apart to form a
bimetallic strip. If the strips are of equal length
at 0°C. The radius of the arc formed by the
bimetallic strip when heated to 80°C is
(Coefficient of linear expansion of brass =
19 × 10-6/°C and of iron = 12 × 10-6/°C).
1) 1.50 m 2) 3.57 m 3) 5.57 m 4) 0.57 m
40. An iron ring 1.20 m in diameter is to be put on
a wooden cart wheel. The diameter of this wheel
is 1.0 cm greater than that of the ring. The
temperature of the ring that must be raised
before it slips on the wooden wheel is
(Coefficient of linear expansion of iron =
12 × 10-6/°C).
1) 600.4°C 2) 694.4°C
3) 294.4°C 4) 300.4°C
41. A steel bar 0.5 cm square (cross–sectional
area) and 25 cm long at 30°C fits into the space
between two fixed supports. If the bar is now
heated to 230°C, the force it exerts against
the supports is (Coefficient of linear expansion
forsteel = 11 × 10-6/°C and Young's modulus
for steel 2 × 1011N/m2).
1) 11000N 2) 22000N
3) 33000N 4) 44000N
29
 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
42. A clock, with a brass pendulum, keep correct 48. A liquid column of height 80cm at 0°C balances
time at 20°C, but loses 8.212 s per day, when the same liquid of height 80.4cm at 100°C.  R is
the temperature rises to 30°C. The coefficient 1) 4x10–5/°C 2) 3x10–5/°C
of linear expansion of brass is
3) 5x10–5/°C 4) 6x10–5/°C
1) 25 × 10-6/°C 2) 19 × 10-6/°C
3) 20 × 20-6/°C 4) 11 × 10-6/°C 49.  A of liquid is 7/8 of  R of liquid.  g of vessel is
43. Two metre scales, one of steel and the other R R R R
of aluminium, agree at 20°C. Calculate the 1) 2) 3) 4)
8 12 24 36
ratio of aluminium-centimetre/steel
centimetre at (a) 0°C, and (b)100°C.  for 50. Coefficient of real expansion of a liquid is
steel  1.1x105 / C and for aluminium 0.000182/°C. If coefficient of linear expansion
 2.3x105 / C of vessel is 0.000009/°C, coefficient of
1) 0.999,1.00096 2) 0.989,1.00076 apparent expansion of the liqud is
3) 1.00096, 0.999 4) 1, 1 1) 0.000209/°C 2) 0.000155/°C
44. A steel rod of length 1 m rests on a smooth 3) 0.000173/°C 4) 0.000182/°C
horizontal base. If it is heated from 0°C to
51. Co-efficient of apparent expansions of a liquid
100°C, what is the longitudinal stress devel-
oped ? (Y = 9 x 10 9 N/m,   10  10 6 C 1 ) in Gold vessel is G and when heated in a silver
vessel is S. If coefficient of linear expansion
1) Zero 2) 0.0012 3) 9 Pa 4) 9  104 Pa
of Gold is A, coefficient of linear expansion of
45. A steel ball initially at a pressure of 1.0×105Pa Silver is
is heated from 20°C to 120°C keeping its
volume constant. Find the pressure inside the G  S  3A G  S  3A
1) 2)
ball. Coefficient of line expansion of steel = 3 3
12 x 10 -6 /°C and bulk modulus steel = G S A
1.6 x 1011 N/m2 3) G  S  3A 4)
3 3
1) 2.5 x 108 Pa 2) 5.8 x 108 Pa 52. A liquid occupies half of a vessel at a particular
8
3) 3.5 x 10 Pa 4) 4.2 x 108 Pa temperature. The volume of the unoccupied
46. Two thin metal strips each of 2mm thick, one part remains constant at all temperatures. If
of brass and the other of iron are fastened  and  are the coefficients of linear and real
together parallel to each other, to form a expansions of a vessel and liquid, then  =
bimetallic strip. If the strips are of equal length 1) 3  2) 3  /2 3) 6  4) 9 
at 0°C. The radius of the arc formed by the
bimetallic strip when heated to 80°C is 53. Densities of a liquid at 30°C and 80°C are
(Coefficient of linear expansion of brass = 0.6gm/c.c and 0.54 gm/c.c. The coefficient of
19 x 10-6/°C and of iron = 12 x 10-6/°C). real expansion of liquid is
1) 1.50 m 2)3.57 m 3) 5.57 m 4) 0.57 m 1) 0.0002/°C 2) 0.002/°C
EXPANSION OF LIQUIDS 3) 0.001/°C 4) 0.0001/°C
47. A vessel is half filled with a liquid at 0°C. When 54. If on heating a liquid through 80°C, the mass
the vessel is heated to 100°C, the liquid 1
occupies 3/4 volume of the vessel. Coefficient expelled is th of mass still remaining, the
100
of apparent expansion of the liquid is coefficient of apparent expansion of the liquid is
1) 0.5/°C 2) 0.05/°C
1) 12.6  104 / 0 C 2) 0.8  10 4 / 0 C
3) 0.005/°C 4) 0.0005/°C
3) 1.25  10 5 / 0 C 4) 1.25  10 4 / 0 C

XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 30

 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
55. When 82 gm of a liquid at 10°C in a specific 60. A specific gravity bottle is completely filled
gravity bottle is heated to 85°C, 2gm of liquid by 271.92 g of mercury at 0°C. the mass of
is expelled. Coefficient of apparent expansion the mercury which would fill in specific gravity
of liquid is bottle at 100°C. is (Coefficient of linear
expansion of the material of the specific
1) 0.0033/°C 2) 0.0027/°C
gravity bottle 8.0 x 10-6/°C and coefficient of
3) 0.000303/°C 4) 0.000333/°C real expansion of mercury = 0.000182/°C).
1) 267 g 2) 277g 3) 500g 4) 300g
56. A glass vessel just holds 50gm of a liquid at
00C. If the coefficient of linear expansion of 61. A glass flask of volume 500cm3 completely
glass is 8  10 6 / 0 C . The mass of the liquid it filled with a liquid at 0°C When it is placed in
holds at 80 0 C is [coefficient of absolute boiling water at 100°C, 75cm3 of liq uid over--
expansion of liquid = 5  10 4 / 0 C ] flows. If the coefficient of cubical expansion
1) 46 gm 2) 48 gm 3) 51gm 4) 42 gm 5 0
of glass is 3  10 / C , what is the coefficient
57. When a specific gravity bottle filled with of cubical expeansion of liquid is
mercury at 0° is heated to 100°C, 5.190g of 1) 1.8  104 / 0 C 2) 2  104 / 0 C
mercury overflows and 300g remains in the 3) 2.2  104 / 0 C 4) 2.4  104 / 0 C
specific gravity bottle. Using glycerine in place 62. The density of a liquid of coefficient of cubical
of mercury, 1.439 of glycerine overflows and expansion  is  at 0 0 C when the liquid is
27.333 g remains. The coefficient of real heated to a temp T, the change is density will be
expansion of mercury is 0.000183/°C, then the   T  T  (1   T )
(1   T )
coefficient of real expansion of glycerine is 1) 1   T 2) 3) 4)  T
1 T T
1) 5.4 x 10-4/°C 2) 3.3 x 10-4/°C 63. The apparent change in volume of a liquid per
100°C is 8.%. Then coefficient of apparent
3) 2.4 x 10-4/°C 4) 10.4 x 10-4/°C expansion of liquid is
58. A glass vessel which holds exactly 1000 g of 1) 8 x 10-4 /°C 2) 16 x 10-6 /°C
-6
mercury at 15°C is put into boiling water at 3) 10 x 10 /°C 4) 15 x 10-6 /°C
100°C. mass of mercury expelled is 64. If the coefficient of real expansion  r is 1%
(Coefficient of absolute expansion of mercury more then coefficient of apparent expansion,
is 0.00018/°C; coefficient of linear expansion linear expansion coefficient of the material is
of glass is 0.00001/°C). r 100 r 101 r 101 r
1) 2) 3) 4)
1) 12.60gm 2) 24.78gm 303 101 300 100
65. A piece of metal floats on mercury. The
3) 40.80gm 4) 14.78 gm
coefficients of cubical expansion of metal and
59. A barometer with a brass scale correct at 0°C mercury are  S and  Hg respectively. If the
reads 70 cm of mercury on a day when the air temperature of both mercury and metal are
temperature is 40°C. the correct reading at increased from 0 0 C to t 0C , the fraction of
0°C is (Coefficient of real expansion of the volume of the metal submerged in mercury
mercury is 0.00018/°C and the coefficient of changes nearly by a factor of
linear expansion of brass is 0.000018/°C.
( Hg   S )t
1) 60.5cm 2) 69.5 cm 1) 2) ( Hg   S )t
(1   t )
3) 20.5cm 4) 50.00cm (1   S t )
3) 1   t 4) ( Hg   S )t
Hg

XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 31

 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
66. The volume of agas at 200C is 100CC at normal 74. A given amount of a gas is heated till the
pressure when it is heated to 100 0 C, its volume and pressure both increase by 2%
volume is 125CC at the same pressure the each. The percentage change in temperature
volume coeficient of the gas is of the gas is nearly
1 0 1 0 1) 2% 2) 3% 3) 1% 4) 4%
1) / C 2) / C
200 400 75. At constant pressure, the ratio of increase in
volume of an ideal gas per degree rise in
1 0 1 0 Kelvin temperature to its original volume is
3) / C 4) / C
300 273 1 1
67. If a given mass of a gas occupies a volume 1) 3 2) 273 3) 4)
273 3
100 cc at one atmospheric pressure and a 76. Two samples of Hydrogen and Oxygen of same
temperature of 1000C. What will be its volume mass possess same pressure and volume.
at 4 atmospheric pressure, the temperature The ratio of their temperatures is
being the same? 1) 1 : 8 2) 1:16 3) 8:1 4) 16:1
1) 100 cm3 2) 400 cm3 3) 25 cm3 4) 200 cm3
77. The volume occupied by 8gm of oxygen at
68. A litre of air is heated from 270C to 1770C at S.T.P is
constant pressure. Find its volume.
1) 1.5 litres 2) 2 litres 3) 2.5 litres 4) 3.5 litres 1) 11.2 lt 2) 22.4 lt 3) 2.8 lt 4) 5.6 lt
69. The pressure of a given mass of gas at 270 C 78. 1gm of H2 at S.T.P occupies 11.2 litre. The
is 75 cm of mercury. Find the temperature in volume occupied by 3gm of H 2 at 300K and
0
C at which the pressure is doubled, the gas 0.7m of Hg will be
being heated at constant volume. 1) 40.1 lit 2) 46.7 lit 3) 46.6 lit 4) 47.9 lit
1) 2270C 2) 3270C 3) 4200C 4) 6270C 79. Two gases A and B having the same pressure,
70. A gas at 270C and pressure of 30 atm is allowed P, volume V and temperature T are mixed. If
to expand to atmosphere pressure and the mixture has volume and temperature as
volume 15 times larger. The final temperature V and T respectively the pressure of the
of the gas is..... mixture is
1) –1230C 2) 1230C P
1) 2P 2) P 3) 4) 4P
3) –1320C 4) 1320C 2
71. If an air bubble rises from the bottom of a 80. For an ideal gas V-T curves as constant
mercury tank to the top its volume becomes pressures P1 & P2 are shown in figure - from
the figure
1
1 times. When normal pressure is 76cm of 1) P1 > P2
2
Hg then the depth of the Hg tank is 2) P1 < P2
1) 38 cm 2) 132 cm 3) 76 cm 4) 49 cm 3) P1 = P2
72. What should be the percentage increase in
4) P1  P2
the pressure so that the volume of a gas may
decrease by 5% at constant temperature ? 81. Two different curves at const temperature.
1) 5% 2) 10% 3) 5.26% 4) 4.26% The relationship between volume V and the
pressure P at a given temp. of same ideal gas
73. If the presure of an ideal gas contains in a
are shown for masses m1 and m2 of the gas
closed vessel is increased by 0.5% , the
respectively. Then P
increase in temperature is 2°C. The initial
temperature of the gas is 1) m1 > m2
m1
1) 27 0 C 2) 127 0 C 3) 300 0 C 4) 4000 C 2) m1 = m2 m2

3) m1 < m2 4) m1 = 2 m2 V

XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 32

 BIIT MUSCAT
CLASS IX PHYSICS TEST MAX MARKS :20

ANSWER ANY 10 QUESTIONS

_______________________________________________________________

NOTE: thermal capacity or heat capacity are same equal to the product of mass and specific heat

_________________________________________________________
1. The densities of two substances are in the ratio 9. Two liquids at temperatures 60o C and 20o C
5 : 6 and the specific heats are in the ratio 3 : respectively have masses in the ratio 3 : 4
5 respectively. The ratio of their thermal and their specific heats in the ratio 4 : 5. If
capacities per unit volume is
the two liquids are mixed, the resultant
1) 2 : 1 2) 1 : 2 3) 4 : 1 4) 1 : 4 temperature is
1) 70oC 2) 50oC 3) 40oC 4) 35oC
2. The thermal capacity of 10g of a substance is
8 calories. The specific heat is in J/kg-K 10. Two liquids are at 40ºC and 30°C. When they
1) 3360 2) 3630 3) 6330 4) 3306 are mixed in equal masses, the temperature
of the mixture is 36°C. Ratio of their specific
3. A piece of metal of mass 112g is heated to
heats is
100°C and dropped into a copper calorimeter
of mass 40g containing 200g of water at 16°C. 1) 3 : 2 2) 2 : 3 3) 4 : 3 4) 3 : 4
Neglecting heat loss, the specific heat of the
mettal is nearly, if the equilibrium temperature 11. 10 grams of steam at 100°C is mixed with
reached is 24.1°C , 50 gm of ice at 0°C then final temperture is
1) 0.294 cal/gm°C 2) 0.394cal/gm°C 1) 20°C 2) 50°C 3) 40°C 4) 100°C
3) 0.194 cal/gm°C 4) 0.494cal/gm°C
12. Hailstones fall from a certain height. If only
4. A copper block of mass 500 gm and specific 1% of the hailstones melt on reaching the
heat 0.1 cal/gm°C is heated from 30°C to ground, find the height from which they fall.
290°C, the thermal capacity of the block is (g = 10 ms -2 . L = 80 calorie/g and
1) 50cal/ºC 2) 50gm J = 4.2J/calorie)
3) 5cal/ºC 4) 5gm 1) 336 m 2) 236 m 3) 436 m 4) 536 m

5. Two spheres with radii in the ratio 1 : 2 have 13. A steel ball of mass 0.1 kg falls freely from a
specific heats in the ratio x : y and densities height of 10m an bounces to a height of 5.4m
in the ratio z : x. The ratio of their thermal from the ground. If the dissipated energy in
capacities is this process is absorbed by the ball, the rise
1) Z : 2y 2) Z : 8y 3) Zy : 8 4) xy : 2Z in its temperature is (specific heat of
steel =460 JKg–1K–1) (g=10ms-2). (2000 M)
0 0
1) 0.01 C 2) 0.1 C 3) 1 C 0 4) 1.10C
6. The specific heat of a substance is
0.09 cal/gm°C. If the temperature is measured 14. Two spheres A and B with masses in the ratio
on Fahrenheit scale the value of its specific 2 : 3 and specific heat 2 : 3 fall freely from
heat in cal/gm/°F is rest. If the rise in their temperatures on
1) 0.09 2) 0.9 3) 0.05 4) 0.5 reaching the ground are in the ratio 1 : 2 the
ratio of their heights of fall is
7. The quantity of heat which can rise the 1) 3 : 1 2) 1 : 3 3) 4 : 3 4) 3 : 4
temperature of x gm of a substance through
t1°C can rise the temperature of y gm of water
through t2°C is same. The ratio of specific
heats of the substances is
1) yt1/xt2 2) xt2/yt1 3) yt2/xt1 4) xt1/yt2

8. Density of a liquid 'A' is 0.5 g/c.c and that of

liquid 'B' is 0.6 g/c.c. Heat capacity of 8 litres
of ‘A’ is equal to that of 10 litres of 'B'. Then
their specific heats ratio is
1) 4 : 5 2) 3 : 2 3) 2 : 3 4) 1 : 1
 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

82. The equation of state crresponding to 8 gm 89. Calculate the value of the gas constant for one
gram of hydrogen, given that the density of
of O2 is
RT hydrogen at N.T.P is 0.00009 g/cm3
1) PV = RT 2) PV =
4 1) 4.12J/K-g 2) 2.12J/K-g
RT RT 3) 5.12J/K-g 4) 3.12J/K-g
3) 4) PV =
3 2 90. The mass of a litre of dry air at N.T.P is 1.293
83. A vessel is filled with an ideal gas at a pres- g. Find the mass of 3 litres of air at 1170C and
sure of 20 atm and is at a temperature of 27°C. a pressure of 4 atmospheres ?
One half of the mass of the gas is removed from
the vessel and the temperature of the remain- 1) 10.86 g 2) 5.6 g 3) 6.4 g 4) 7.2 g
ing gas is increased to 87°C. At this temperature Calorimetry
the pressure of the gas will be 91. The densities of two substances are in the ratio
1) 80 atm 2) 8.3atm 3) 12atm 4) 0.12 atm 5 : 6 and the specific heats are in the ratio 3 :
5 respectively. The ratio of their thermal
84. The volume of a mass of gas at 370C and a
pressure of 75 cm of mercury is 620 c.c. Find capacities per unit volume is
the volume at N.T.P. 1) 2 : 1 2) 1 : 2 3) 4 : 1 4) 1 : 4
1) 500CC 2) 480CC 92. The thermal capacity of 10g of a substance is
8 calories. The specific heat is in J/kg-K
3) 326CC 4) 538.8CC
1) 3360 2) 3630 3) 6330 4) 3306
85. A Steel tank is filled with a gas at 150
atmosphere and at 200C. If the pressure raise 93. A piece of metal of mass 112g is heated to
to 250 atmospheres, the tank explodes. Find 100°C and dropped into a copper calorimeter
the temperature at which the tank explodes. of mass 40g containing 200g of water at 16°C.
Neglecting heat loss, the specific heat of the
1) 215.30C 2) 273.30C
mettal is nearly, if the equilibrium temperature
3) 100.30C 4) 373.30C reached is 24.1°C ,
86. A glass vessel contains air at 600C. To what 1) 0.294 cal/gm°C 2) 0.394cal/gm°C
temperature must it be heated to expel one
third of the air, the pressure remaining con- 3) 0.194 cal/gm°C 4) 0.494cal/gm°C
stant. (Neglect the expansion of the vessel) 94. A copper block of mass 500 gm and specific
heat 0.1 cal/gm°C is heated from 30°C to
1) 1270C 2)226.50C 3) 3270C 4)4270C
290°C, the thermal capacity of the block is
87. A balloon of volume V contains a gas of mass
1) 50cal/ºC 2) 50gm
m at a pressure P and temperature 150C. Gas
is pumped into the balloon so that its volume 3) 5cal/ºC 4) 5gm
is doubled and the pressure is trebled. If the 95. Two spheres with radii in the ratio 1 : 2 have
temperature increases 60C in the process, find specific heats in the ratio x : y and densities
the ratio of the increase in mass to the origi- in the ratio z : x. The ratio of their thermal
nal mass. capacities is
1) 34 : 5 2) 239:49 3) 199 : 21 4) 3 : 4 1) Z : 2y 2) Z : 8y 3) Zy : 8 4) xy : 2Z
88. The density of a gas at N.T.P. is 1.3 kg / m3 96. The specific heat of a substance is
the density of the gas at – 15 0 C and at a 0.09 cal/gm°C. If the temperature is measured
pressure of 84 cm of Hg ........... on Fahrenheit scale the value of its specific
1) 1.52 kg/m3 2) 0.52 kg/m3 heat in cal/gm/°F is
1) 0.09 2) 0.9 3) 0.05 4) 0.5
3) 0.052 kg/m3 4) 15.2 kg/m3

XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 33

 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

97. 5 gm of steam at 100°C is passed into 104. 6 gm of steam at 100°C is mixed with 6 gm of ice
calorimeter containing liquid. Temperature of at 0°C.The mass of steam left uncondensed is
liquid rises from 32°C to 40°C. Then water 1) 2 gm 2) 4 gm 3) 3 gm 4) 1 gm
equivalent of calorimeter and contents is
105. 10 grams of steam at 100°C is mixed with
1) 40 gram 2) 375 gram 50 gm of ice at 0°C then final temperture is
3) 300 gram 4) 160 gram 1) 20°C 2) 50°C 3) 40°C 4) 100°C
98. The quantity of heat which can rise the CONDUCTION
temperature of x gm of a substance through
106. In steady state condition, the temperatures
t1°C can rise the temperature of y gm of water
at the two ends of a metal rod of length 25 cm
through t2°C is same. The ratio of specific are 100°C and 0°C. Then temperature at a
heats of the substances is point 8cm from the hot end is
1) yt1/xt2 2) xt2/yt1 3) yt2/xt1 4) xt1/yt2 1) 68°C 2) 40°C 3) 32°C 4) 60°C
99. Density of a liquid 'A' is 0.5 g/c.c and that of 107. A copper bar 2m long has a circular cross section
liquid 'B' is 0.6 g/c.c. Heat capacity of 8 litres of radius 1 cm. One end is kept at 1000C and
of ‘A’ is equal to that of 10 litres of 'B'. Then the other at 00C. It is assumed that negligible
their specific heats ratio is heat is lost through the surface. (a) The thermal
1) 4 : 5 2) 3 : 2 3) 2 : 3 4) 1 : 1 resistance of the bar is (b) The temperature
100. Quantity of heat lost in condensation of 10 gm gradient is (c) The temperature at 25 cm from
of steam at 100°C is the hot end will be (K = 400 SI units)

1) 2.26 x 105J 2) 2.26 x 104J 1) 159 K/w, 50 K/m, 8.750C

2) 15.9 K/w, 50 K/m, 87.50C
3) 22.6J 4) 44.52 x 104J
3) 1.59 K/w, 500 K/m, 8.750C
101. Two liquids at temperatures 60o C and 20o C
respectively have masses in the ratio 3 : 4 4) 159 K/w, 5 K/m, 8.7500C
and their specific heats in the ratio 4 : 5. If 108. Four rods of same material but with different
the two liquids are mixed, the resultant radii and lengths are used to connect two
temperature is reservoirs of heat with the same temperature
difference. Which one will conduct more heat
1) 70oC 2) 50oC 3) 40oC 4) 35oC
1) r  1cm, l  1m 2) r  1cm, l  2m
102. Two liquids are at 40ºC and 30°C. When they
are mixed in equal masses, the temperature 1 1 1
3) r  1cm, l  m 4) r  cm, l  m
of the mixture is 36°C. Ratio of their specific 2 2 2
heats is 109. A rod of length 1 m having cross-sectional area
1) 3 : 2 2) 2 : 3 3) 4 : 3 4) 3 : 4 0.75 m2 conducts heat at 6000 Js–1. Then the
temperature difference acorss the rod is, if
103. Two liquids of masses M1 and M2 and specific K = 200 Wm–1 K–1
heats S 1 and S 2 respectively are mixed. The
1) 200 C 2) 400 C 3) 800 C 4) 1000 C
specific heat of the mixture is
110. Three metal rods of same lengths and same
M1S1  M2 S2 M1S1  M2 S2
1) M  M 2) 2(M  M ) area of cross-section having conductivities
1 2 1 2 1, 2, 3 units are connected in series. Then
2(M1S1  M2S 2 ) M1S1  M2S 2 their effective conductivity will be
3) M1  M2 4) M1  M2 1) 2 units 2) 1.6 units
3) 2.4 units 4) 2.8 units

XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 34

 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
111. Two rods of same length having conductivities 117. Two vessels made of different materials are
60 Wm-1k-1, 40 Wm-1K-1 and areas 0.2 m2, 0.3m2 identical in all respects. The same quantity of
are connected in Parallel to each other. The Ice filled in them gets melted in 27 min. and
effective conductivity of the combination is 45 min. when placed in same surroundings. If
1) 50 Wm-1K-1 2) 45 Wm-1K-1 thermal conductivity of material of 1st vessel
3) 52 Wm-1K-1 4) 48 Wm-1K-1 is 180 wm-1k-1, then Thermal conductivity of
material of second vessel will be
112. The ratio of radii of two cylindrical rods of
same material is 2 :1 and ratio of their lengths 1) 108 Wm-1K-1 2) 90 Wm-1K-1
is 2 : 3. Their ends are maintained at same 3) 300 Wm-1K-1 4) 1 20 Wm-1K-1
temperature difference. If rate of flow of heat
in the longer rod is 2 Cal s-1, then that in the 118. Equal temperature difference exists between
shorter rod will be the ends of two metallic rods 1 and 2 of equal
1) 4 Cal s-1 2) 12 Cal s-1 length. Their thermal conductivities are
-1 K1 and K 2 and cross sectional areas are
3) 8 Cal s 4) 1 Cal s-1
resepctively A1 and A 2 . The condition for
113. The ratio of thermal conductivities of two rods of
equal rate of heat transfer will be
different material is 5 : 4. The two rods have same
area of cross–section and same thermal 1) K1A 2  K 2 A1 2) K1A 22  K 2 A12
resistance. They will have the lengths in the ratio 3) K1A1  K 2 A 2 4) K1A12  K 2 A 22
1) 4 : 5 2) 9 : 1 3) 1 : 9 4) 5 : 4 119. Two bars of thermal conductivities K and 3K
114. One end of a cylindrical rod is kept in steam and lengths 1cm and 2 cm respectively have
chamber and the other end in melting Ice. Now equal cross - sectional area, they are joined
0.5 gm of ice melts in 1 sec. If the rod is length wise. If the temperature at the ends of
replaced by another rod of same length, half
this composite bar is 0 0 C and 100 0 C
the diameter and double the conductivity of
the first rod, then rate of melting of ice will be respectively, then the temperature  of the
interface is
1) 0.25 gm/sec 2) 0.5 gm/sec
100 0 200 0
3) 1 gm/sec 4) 2 gm/sec 1) 500 C 2) C 3) 600C 4) C
3 3
115. A 3cm cube of iron has one face at 1000C and
120. Two slabs A and B of equal surface area are
the other in a block of ice at 0 0C. If k of
placed one over the other such that their
iron=0.2 CGS units and L for ice is 80cal/gm,
surfaces are completely in contact. The
then the amount of ice that melts in 10 minutes thickness of slab A is twice that of B. The
is (assume steady state heat transfer) coefficient of thermal conductivity of slab A is
1) 450 gm 2) 900 gm twice that of B. The first surface of slab A is
3) 350 gm 4) 500 gm maintained at 1000 C, while the second surface
of slab B is maintained at 25 0 C. The
116. Two rectangular rods of Thermal resistances
temperature at the contact of their surfaces is
5 Kw -1 and 10 Kw -1 are joined in Parallel
1) 62.50 C 2) 450 C 3) 550 C 4) 850 C
combination. Their equivalent Thermal
Resistance will be 121. Two rods A and B of same length and radius
1) 15 Kw-1 2) 3.33 Kw-1 are joined together. The thermal conductivity
of A and B are 2K and K. Under steady state
3) 7.5 Kw-1 4) 6.67 Kw-1
conditions, if temperature difference between
the open ends of A and B is 36 0 C, the
temperature difference across 'A' is
1) 120C 2) 180C 3) 240C 4) 90C
XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 35
 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
122. A pond has an ice layer of thickness 3 cm. If 129. The rectangular surface of area 8cm × 4cm
K of ice is 0.005 CGS units, surface of a black body at a temperature of 127 0 C
temperature of surroundings is –200C, density emits energy at rate of E per second. If the
of ice is 0.9 gm/cc, the time taken for the length and breadth are reduced to half of its
thickness to increase by 1 cm is initial value and the temperature is raised to
3270C, the rate of emission of energy will be
1) 30 min. 2) 35 min. 3) 42 min. 4) 60 min.
 3E   9E   81E   81E 
RADIATION : 1)   2)   3)   4)  
 8   16   16   64 
123. The ratio of intensities of radiation at
distances of R and 3R from a spherical source 130. Two objects A and B have same shape and
will be area. The Emissivity of A is 0.2 and that of B
is 0.8. Each radiates same power. The ratio
1) 1:3 2) 9:1 3) 1:9 4) 3:1
of their absolute temperatures is
124. If reflecting and transmitting powers of a body 1) 2:1 2) 1:4 3) 1: 2 4) 2 :1
are 0.2 and 0.3 units, then its Absorptive
power will be 131. Two identical bodies have temperatures 277°C
and 67°C. If the surrounding temerature is
1) 0.1 2) 0.5 3) 0.25 4) 1 27°C, the ratio of loss of heat of two bodies
125. If the temperature of a Black body increases during the same interval of time is (approx).
by 50% then amount of radiation emitted by 1) 4 : 1 2) 8 : 1 3) 12 : 1 4) 16 : 1
it in a given time interval will
132. A body having a surface area of 5.0 cm2 ,
1) Increase by 800% 2) Increase by 400%
radiates 300 J of energy per minute at a
3) Increase by 200% 4) Increase by 1600% temperature of 7270 C. The emissivity of the
126. An incandescent light bulb has a tungsten body is (Stefan’s constant=5.67x10–8 W/m2/K4)
filament that is heated to a temperature 3 x 1) 0.09 2) 0.18 3) 0.36 4) 0.54
103 K when an electric current passes through
it. If the surface area of the filament is 133. A Black metal foil receives radiation of power P
approximately 10–4 m2 and it has an emissivity from a hot sphere at absolute temperature T, kept
of 0.32, the power radiated by the bulb is at a distance d. If the temperature is doubled and
1) 150 W 2) 175 W 3) 200 W 4) 225 W distance is halved, then Power will be
1) 64P 2) 16P 3) 4P 4) 8P
127. The rate of emission of radiation of a black
body at temperature 27 o C is E 1 . If its 134. If wavelengths of maximum intensity of
temperature is increased to 327oC the rate of radiations emitted by the sun and the moon
emission of radiation is E 2 . The relation are 0.5 x 10–6 m and 10–4 m respectively, the
between E1 and E2 is ratio of their temperatures is
1) E2 = 24 E1 2) E2 = 16 E1 1) 1/100 2) 1/200 3) 100 4) 200
3) E2 = 8 E1 4) E2 = 4 E1 135. The wavelength of maximum energy released
during an atomic explosion was 2.93 x 10 –10
128. The radiation emitted by a star "A" per second
is 10,000 times that of the sun. If the surface m. Given that Wein's constant is 2.93 x 10–3
temperatures of the sun and the star A are m – K, the maximum temperature attained
6000K and 2000K respectively, the ratio of must be of the order of
7
the radii of the star A and the sun is 1) 10 K 2) 107 K
13
1) 300:1 2) 600:1 3) 900:1 4) 1200:1 3) 10 K 4) 5.86  107 K

XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 36

 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

136. If the maximum intensity of radiation for a 142.A body at 50 0C cools in a surroundings
black body is found at 2.65m , the maintained at 300C. The temperature at which
temperature of the radiating body is (Wien’s the rate of cooling is half that of the begining is
constant = 2.9 × 10–3 mK) 1) 16.30C 2) 26.30C
1) 927 K* 2) 1094 K 3) 2027 K 4) 2173K 3) 400C 4) 46.30C
137. The wavelength of maximum emitted energy EXERCISE - II(A)
of a body at 700 K is 4.08 m . If the tempera-
ANSWERS
ture of the body is raised to 1400 K, the wave-
length of maximum emitted energy will be 1) 1 2) 3 3) 2 4) 4 5) 1
1) 1.02m 2) 16.32m
6) 1 7) 2 8) 1 9) 1 10) 1
3) 8.16 m 4) 2.04 m 11) 2 12) 1 13) 1 14) 4 15) 2
138. A)Two bodies A and B a have thermal emis- 16) 3 17) 1 18) 2 19) 1 20) 3
sivities of 0.01 and 0.81 respectively. The
21) 2 22) 1 23) 2 24) 3 25) 3
outer surface areas of the two bodies are the
same. The two bodies emit total radiant power 26) 2 27) 1 28) 1 29) 4 30) 1
of the same rate. The wavelength  B corre- 31) 2 32) 4 33) 1 34) 2 35) 2
sponding to maximum spectral radiancy in the
36) 4 37) 4 38) 3 39) 2 40) 2
radiation from B shifted from the wavelength
corresponding to maximum spectral radiancy 41) 1 42) 2 43) 1 44) 1 45) 2
in the radiation from A, by 1.00 µm. If the 46) 2 47) 3 48) 3 49) 3 50) 2
temperature of A is 5802 K
51) 2 52) 3 53) 2 54) 4 55) 4
1) the temperature of B is 1934 K 56) 2 57) 1 58) 1 59) 2 60) 1
2)  B  1.5µm 61) 1 62) 1 63) 1 64) 1 65) 4
3) the temeprature of B is 11604 K 66) 3 67) 3 68) 1 69) 2 70) 1
4) the temperature of B is 2901 K 71) 1 72) 3 73) 2 74) 4 75) 3
NEWTONS LAW OF COOLING 76) 2 77) 4 78) 1 79) 1 80) 2
139. A hot body is placed in cooler surroundings. 81) 1 82) 2 83) 3 84) 4 85) 1
When the body temperature is 75°C, the rate 86) 2 87) 2 88) 1 89) 1 90) 1
of cooling is 4°C/ min. When it is 55°C, the
91) 2 92) 1 93) 3 94) 1 95) 2
rate of cooling is 2°C/ min. The temperature
of the surroundings is 96) 3 97) 2 98) 3 99) 2 100) 2

1) 20°C 2) 25°C 3) 30°C 4) 35°C 101) 4 102) 1 103) 1 104) 2 105) 3

106) 1 107) 2 108) 3 109) 2 110) 2
140. A body takes 8 minutes to cool from 90°C to
80°C in a surrounding of temperature 25°C. 111) 4 112) 2 113) 4 114) 1 115) 1
The time taken by it to cool from 80°C to 116) 2 117) 1 118) 3 119) 3 120) 1
70°C in the same surroundings is
121) 1 122) 3 123) 2 124) 2 125) 2
1) 10 min2) 9.6 min 3) 12 min 4) 16 min 126) 1 127) 2 128) 3 129) 3 130) 4
141. A body cools from 700 C to 500 C in 5 minutes. 131) 4 132) 2 133) 1 134) 4 135) 2
Temperature of surroundings is 20 0 C. Its
136) 2 137) 4 138) 2 139) 4 140) 2
temperature after next 10 minutes is
141) 3 142) 3
1) 250 C 2) 350 C 3) 300 C 4) 450 C

XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 37

 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
EXERCISE - II(B) 9. A centrigrade and a Fahrenheit thermometer
THERMOMETRY are dipped in boiling water. The water
temperature is lowered until the Fahrenheit
1. On the Celsius scale, the absolute zero of
thermometer registers 1400. What is the fall
temperature is at
in temperature as registered by the
1) 00C 2) -320C 3) 1000C 4) -273.150C Centigrade thermometer
2. On Reaumer scale of temperature the 1) 300 2) 400 3) 600 4) 800
melting point of ice and the boiling point of 10. The resistance of a resistance thermometer
water are taken as 00R and 800R respectively. has values 2.70  and 3.70  at 0 0 C and
The freezing point and boiling point of mercury 1000C respectively. The temperature at which
on Celsius scale are 39°C and 367°C
the resistance is 3.10  is
respectively. Express these temperature on
Kelvin scale. 1) 300C 2) 400C 3) 600C 4) 700C

1) 0K,273K 2) 41K, 290K 11. A correct thermometer in Fahrenheit is

introduced in a water bath along with a Celsius
3) 312K, 640K 4) 71K, 293.6K thermometer. The reading observed are 860 F
3. The Fahrenheit and Kelvin scales of and 320 C. The correction to be made to the
temperature will give the same reading at Celsius reading will be
1) - 40 2) 313 3) 574.25 4) 732.75 1) 2.50C 2) 20C 3) 1.50C 4) 30C
4. A faulty thermometer has fixed points marked 12. The pressure of hydrogen gas in a constant
5 and 95 what is the correct temperature in volume gas thermometer is 80.0 cm at 0 0 C,
centigrade when this thermometer reads 59 110 cm at 100 0 C and 95.0 cm at unknown
1) 600C 2) 500C 3) 300C 4) 100 temperature t. Then t is equal to
1) 500C 2) 750C 3) 950C 4) 1500C
5. At what temperature the reading on Kelvin
scale is three times that on Celcius scale 13. A constant volume gas thermometer using
1) (80 / 3) 0C 2) 136.50C helium records a pressure of p1 = 20.0 kPa at
triple point of water (273.16K) and a pressure
3) -68.250C 4) not possible p2 = 14.3 kPa at the temperature of dry ice
6. If a thermometer reads freezing point of water (CO2). Then the temperature of dry ice is
as 200C and boiling point as 1500C, how much 1) 195.3K 2) 382K 3) 0.110C 4) 0.0140C
thermometer read when the actual
14. The upper and lower fixed points of a faulty
temperature is 600 C
mercury thermometer are 210 0 F and 34 0 F
1) 980C 2) 1100C 3) 400C 4) 600 respectively. The correct temperature read
7. Oxygen boils at -183C. This temperature is by this thermometer is
approximately 1) 220F 2) 800F 3) 1000F 4) 1220F
1) 2150F 2) -2970F 3) 3290F 4) 3610F 15. When a celsius thermometer reads 90 0 C, a
faulty Fahrenheit thermometer reads 190 0 F.
8. The higher and lower fixed points on a
The correction to be made in the latter scale is
thermometer are separated by 160mm. When
the length of the mercury thread above the 1) +20F 2) –20F 3) –40F 4) +40F
lower temperature is 40 mm, the temperature 16. On a hypothetical scale A the ice point is 42°
reading would be and the steam point is 182°. For another scale
1) 400C 2) 1200C 3) 320C 4) 250C B. The ice point is –10° and steam point is
900. If B reads 60°. The reading of A is
1) 1600 2) 1400 3) 1200 4) 1100

XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 38

 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
17. A gas thermometer is used as a standard ther- 23. A metal metre scale gives correct
mometer for measurement of temperature. measurement at 400C. It is generally used at
When the gas container of the thermometer is a temperature of 00C. Find the correction to
immersed in water at its triple point 273.16K, be made for every metre. (   10 6 / 10 C )
the pressure in the gas thermometer reads 1) 4 × 10–5 m
3.0×10 4 Nm-2. When the gas container of the
2) 4 × 10–5 m to be added
same thermometer is immersed in another sys-
tem, the gas pressure reads 3.5×104 Nm-2. The 3) 4 × 10–5 m must be deducted
temperature of this system is 4) None of the above.
1) 45.524°C 2) 23.5°C 24. When the temperature of a body increases
from t to (t+  t), its moment of inertia
3) 65.525°C 4) 32.425°C
increases from I to (I+  I). The coefficient of
I
linear expansion of the body is  ,then
EXPANSION OF SOLIDS I
t 2 t
18. Coefficient of linear expansion of a material is 1) 2) 3) t 4) 2t
0 t t
5  10  5 / F. Then coeficient of cubical 25. A metal rod having a linear coefficient of
expansion of that material expressed per 0C is
expansion 2×10–5/°C has a length 1m at 25°C,
1) 0.000018/0C 2) 0.00027/ 0C the temperature at which it is shortened by
1mm is
3) 0.00009/ 0C 4) 0.000015/ 0C
1) –25°C 2) –125°C 3) 125°C 4) –10°C
19. If the coefficient of volume expansion of a
26. Coefficient of cubical expansion of a metal
solid is 0.00027/°C its coefficient of areal
cube is  . Increase in temperature for which
expansion is
the volume of the cube increases by 5% is
1) 0.00009/°C 2) 0.00018/°C 1) 0.05  2) 0.5  3) 0.5/  4) 0.05/ 
3) 0.00027/°C 4) 0.00003/°C 27. A copper cube having a length of 10 cm. on
20. A crystal has linear coefficient of expansion each side is heated from 10°C to 110°C. If
9  105 , 12  105 , 7  105 /k along three  = 12×10–6/°C, change in volume in c.c. is
mutually perpendicular directions the volume 1) 6.3 2) 0.63 3) 3.6 4) 0.36
expansion coefficient is 28. The diameter of a metal ring is D and coefficient
of linear expansion is  , if the temperature of
1) 27  105 / k 2) 26  10 5 / k
the ring is increases by 10C, the circumference
3) 21  10 5 / k 4) 28  105 / k of the ring will increases by
21. Two iron rods have their lengths in the ratio D 2
5 : 3 and diameters in the ratio 2:1. When the 1) 2) 2 D 3) D 4) D 
2
rods are heated from 30°C to 100°C, the ratio 29. Density of a substance at 0 0 C is 10gm/cc, at
of their expansions is 100C its density is 9.7gm/cc. The coeffcient
1) 5 : 3 2) 3 : 5 3) 5 : 6 4) 6 : 5 of linear expansion of the substance is
22. A wire 100cm long is bent into an arc of a 1) 10 4 / 0 C 2) 3  10 4 / 0 C
circle with a gap of 2 cm at 0° C. On heating 3) 10.7  10 4 / 0 C 4) 10 3 / 0 C
to 80° C, the gap is 2.02 cm. The liner 30. A wire of cross sectional area 4mm2 is fixed
coeffecent of expansion of the material of the between two points at 30°C. Y = 2x1011 Pa and
wire is  = 10–5/°C; when the temperature falls to
1) 0.0000025/K 2) 0.0000125/K 20°C, the tension in the string in (newton) is,
1) 600 2) 60 3) 80 4) 800
3) 0.000125/K 4) none of these

XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 39

 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
31. A steel tape is correct at 200C. On a day when 37. The length of an iron rod is measured by a
the temperature is 450C a distance of 210 m brass scale.When both of them are at 20 0C,
is measured. The real distance is the length is 80 cm. The length of the rod at
  1.2  10  5 / 10 C 100 0C as measured by the scale at 1000C is
1) 210.063 m 2) 0.063 m [The coefficient of linear expansion of brass
and iron are 24×10-6 (C0)-1 and 18×10-6 (C0)-1
3) 209.237 m 4) 210.63 m
respectively.]
32. An aluminium measuring rod, which is correct 1) 69.9 cm 2) 79.96 cm
at 50C measures a certain distance as 88.42 3) 89.9 cm 4) 99.9 cm
cm at 35 0 C. The error in measuring the
38. A brass scale of barometre gives correct
distance due to the expansion of the rod is
reading at 20C. The coefficient of thermal
(  23  10 6 / 10 C) expansion for brass is 0.00002 0C -1 . The
1) 0.02 m 2) 0.03 m barometer reads 75 cm at 27 0 C. The
3) 0.12 m 4) 0.06 m atmospheric pressure at 20C is
33. The length of the steel rod is to be longer 1) 72.9 cm 2) 73.9 cm
than the copper rod at any temperature by 5 3) 74.96 cm 4) 76.9 cm
cm. If the  for copper is 1.1 × 10-5/0C and 39. A bimetallic strip of thickness 2 cm consists
 for copper is 1.7 × 10-5/0C then at 00C length of zinc and silver riveted together. The
(cm) of the steel rod and that copper rod approxi-mate radius of curvature of the strip
should be respectively when heated through 500C will be : (linear
1) [8.37, 3.37] 2) [10.27, 5.27] expansivity of zinc and silver are
3) [2.57, 7.57] 4) [14.17, 9.17] 32  10–6/0C and 19  10–6 /0C respectively)
1) 30.77 m 2) 61.54 m
34. The length of each rail is 10 m. The linear
expansion of steel is 0.000012/ 0 C and the 3) 15.38 m 4) 7.69 m
range of variation of temperature at the given 40. An iron tyre is to be fitted onto a wooden
place is 15 0 C. So the gap to be provided wheel 1m in diameter. The diameter of the
between the rails is tyre is 5 mm smaller than that of the wheel.
The temperature of the tyre that should be
1) 0.0018 m 2) 0.0012 m
increased is [  for iron = 12  10-6 / 0C.]
3) 0.0022 m 4) 0.02 m
1) 418.80C 2) 419.80C
35. A wheel is 80.3 cm in circumference. An iron 3) 420.80C 4) 421.80C
tyre measures 80.0 cm around its inner face.
41. A steel ball initially at a pressure of 105 Pa is
If the coefficient of linear expansion for iron
heated from 300C to 1300C keeping its volume
is 12 × 10-6/0C, the temperature of the tyre
constant, The final pressure inside the ball is
must be raised by
[ coefficient of linear expansion of steel is
1) 105 0C 2) 223 0C 3) 312 0C 4) 417 0C
1.1  10-5 (C0)-1 and Bulk modulus of steel is
36. A metal is heated from 0°C to 500°C and its 1.6  1011 N/m2
1 1) 4.28 x 108 Pa 2) 5.28 x 108 Pa
density reduces to of its original density..
1.027 3) 6.28 x 108 Pa 4) 7.28 x 108 Pa
The coefficient of linear expansion for this 42. A colck with an iron pendulum keeps xorrect
metal, considering it constant for the given time at 15 0 C. If the coefficient of linear
range of temperature is (in 10-5 / 0C ) expansion of iron is 0.000012/0C and the room
1) 1.8 2) 2.7 3) 3.8 4) 6.2 temperature is 200C it loses in a day
1) 1.3 s 2) 2.6 s 3) 3.2 s 4) 3.8 s
XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 40
 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
43. A solid spherical body of a metal has a hole of 49. Coefficient of apparent expansion of a liquid
diameter d at 0°C wholly inside it. They body when heated in Brass vessel is B and when
is now heated to 100°C. The coefficient of heated in Aluminium vessel is A. If coefficient
linear expansion of the solid is 2 × 10-5 (C)-1 . of linear expansion of Brass is x, coefficient of
The diameter of the hole will linear expansion of Aluminium is
1) increae by 2×d 10-3 2) decreases by 2d×103 B X A B  3X  A
3) remain d 1) 2)
3 3
4) first decrease and then increase
A  B  3X
44. If a, b, g are the coefficients of linear areal & 3) 4) A  B  3X
3 3
volume expansions of solid then
50. Two litre glass flask contains some mercury.
(2a + 2b) : (3b + 4g) is
It is found that at all temperatures the volume
1) 2 : 3 2) 3 : 2
of the air inside the flask remains the same.
3) 1 : 3 4) 4 : 3
The volume of the mercury in side the flask
EXPANSION OF LIQUIDS is (  for g las s = 9  10  6 / o C ,  fo r
mercury = 1.8  10  4 / o C )
45. A liquid occupy 1/6 of volume at 0°C and
1/5 of volume of vessel at 200°C.  A of the 1) 1500cc 2) 150cc
liquid is 3) 3000cc 4) 300cc
1) 2x10–3/°C 2) 1x10–3/°C 51. The coefficinet of real expansion of Hg is
3) 3x10–3/°C 4) 1.5x10–3/°C 0.18  10 3 / 0 C . If the density of Hg at 00C is
13.6 gn/c.c its density at 2000 C will be
46. In an experiment, to find the coefficient of real
expansion of Hg, 70 cm column of Hg at 0°C 1) 13.3 gm/c.c 2) 13.13 gm/c.c
is found to balance 71.26 cm column of Hg at 3) 13.6 gm/c.c 4) 13 gm/c.c
100°C.  R of mercury is --x10–6/°C 52. If the temperature is increased by 40°C, the
1) 180 2) 1.8 3) 81 4) 8.1 mass of liquid expelled is 1/50 of the mass of
the remaining liquid. Coefficient of apparent
47. For a liquid when heated in a vessel it is found expansion of the liquid is
6
that  A   R . Coefficient of linear expansion 1) 0.05/°C 2) 0.005/°C
7
of the vessel is 3) 0.0005/°C 4) 0.00005/°C
53. If 52 gm of a liquid is heated in a vessel from
R R R R
1) 2) 3) 4) 00C to 1000C . 2 gm of the liquid is expelled.
21 11 12 14
Then the coefficient of apparant expansion of
48. When a liquid in a glass vessel is heated, its liquid is
apparent expansion is 10.3  10  4 / 0 C . Same 1) 4 × 10–4/ 0C 2) 4 × 10–5/ 0C
liquid when heated in a metal, its apparent
3) 0.25 × 10–4/ 0C 4) 25 × 10–4/ 0C
expansion is 10.06  10 4 / 0 C . The coeffcient
54. A specific gravity bottle contains 100 gm of
of linear expansion of the metal is (  of glass
liquid at 1000C.  A of liquid is 6  10  5 / 0 C .
= 9  10 6 / 0 C )
The mass of the liquid that bottle just holds
1) 51  10 6 / 0 C 2) 43  10 6 / 0 C at 00C.
3) 25  10 6 / 0 C 4) 17  10 6 / 0 C 1) 100.6 gm 2) 100 gm
3) 106 gm 4) 90 gm
XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 41
 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

55. A container of capacity 700 ml is filled with 60. The sum and difference of coefficient of real
two different liquids of volume 200 ml and 500 and apparent expansions of a liquid are in
ml with respective volume coefficients as 1.4 the ratio 2 : 1. The ratio of coefficient of real
x 10–5/0C and 2.1 x 10–5 /0C During the heating expansion and apparent expansions must be
of the vessel, it is obseved that neither any 1) 1 : 1 2) 2 : 3 3) 3 : 1 4) 6 : 5
liquid overflows nor any empty space is 61. A vessel of volume 1 liter is filled with a
created. The volume coefficient of the liquid whose coefficient of volume expansion
container is is 20 times as that of the vessel. At all tem-
1) 1.9105 / 0 C 2) 1.9106 / 0 C peratures if volume of air above the liquid is
constant the volume of that empty space is
3) 1.6105 / 0 C 4) 1.6106 / 0 C 1) 950 c.c 2) 50 c. c
3) 1000 c.c 4) 500 c.c
56. A glass bulb of volume 250cc. is completely
filled with mercury at 200C. The temperature EXPANSION OF GASES
of the system is raised to 100 0 C. If the 62. The pressure of a gas at 00C is 50cm of Hg
coeficient of linear expansiuon of glass is at constant volume it is heated to 800C, then
9 × 10 -6 / 0 C and coefficient of absolute
pressure is 64cm of Hg the pressure
expansion of mercury is 1.8 × 10-4, volume of
coefficient of gas
mercury that overflows is
1) 0.0035/ 0C 2) 0.035/ 0C
1) 1.83 cc 2) 2.56 cc
3) 0.00035/ 0C 4) 0.000035/ 0C
3) 3.06 cc 4) 415 cc
63. A gas at a temperature 300 K and pressure
57. The height of the mercury column in a 30 atm is allowed to expand to atmospheric
barometer provided with a brass scale corrected pressure. If the volume becomes 10 times
at 00C is observed to be 74.9 cm at 150C. Find its initial volume, the final temperature
the true height of the column at 150C. beocmes
  brass  20  10 6 / 0 C and  Hg  175  10  6 / 0 C 
  1) 1000C 2) 373K
1) 74.92 cm 2) 79.92 cm
3) 3730C 4) 100K
3) 74.12 cm 4) 72.64 cm
64. A given of gas occupies a volume of 100 c.c
58. A glass vessel just holds 50 gm of toulene at
at one atmospheric and at 1000C. At the same
00C. If the coefficient of absolute expansion
temperature, how much volume the same gas
of toulene is 14.76 x 10 -4 / 0 C the mass of occupies at 4 atmospheric pressure ?
toulene it holds at 600C is [  of glass = 9 x 1) 25c. 2) 15 c.c
10–6/0C] 3) 35 cc 4) 10 cc
1) 28 g 2) 35 g 3) 41 g 4) 46 g
65. The pressure of a gas ta 100 0 C is 2 atm.
59. A piece of metal floats on mercury the
When the gas is heated by keeping volume
coefficient of volume expansion of the metal
constant, at what temperature the pressure
and mercury are  1 and  2 respectively. If raises to 3 atm ?
the temperatures of both mercury and metal 1) 286.50C 2) 168.50C
are increased by an amount  T, the fraction 0
3) 186.5 C 4) 366.50C
of volume of the metal submerged in
66. A gas at 27 0 C temperature and 30 atmo-
mercury changes by the factor
spheric pressure is allowed to expand to the
1 1 atmospheric pressure. If the volume
1)   r T 2) r  r T becomes 10 times its initial volume, then the
 2 1  1 2
final temperature becomes
3)  r1  r2  T 4)  r2  r1  T 1) 1000C 2) 1730C 3) 2730C 4) -1730C

XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 42

 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
67. A bubble rises from the bottom of a lake 90m 74. Mass of 1litre of air at N.T.P is 1.293g. The
deep on reaching the surface, its volume mass of 10 litres of air at 2730 C and 57cm of
becomes (take atmospheric pressure as 10m mercury pressure is
of water)
1) 4.489gm 2) 4.849 gm
1) 4 times 2) 8 times
3) 10 times 4) 3 times 3) 4.4 gm 4) 4.9 gm
75. A vessel containing 10 lit of air at atmo-
68. To decrease the pressure of the gas by 10%
spheric pressure (760 mm of Hg) is con-
at constant temperature then change in
nected with an evacuated 9 litre vessel. The
volume should be
resultant air pressure will be
1) 10% decrease 2) 10% increase
3) 11.11% increase 4) 9.1% increase 1) 1440 mm of Hg 2) 760 mm of Hg
3) 400 mm of Hg 4) 40 mm of Hg
69. A gas is heated through 1 0 C in a closed
vessel. Its pressure is increased by 0.4%. 76. The variation of pressure with volume for a
The initial temperature of the gas is given mass of a gas at two different tempera-
tur es T 1 and T2 are represented as shown in
1) 2500C 2) 1000C
the graph, then
3) 750C 4) –230C
70. A given amount of a gas heated till the 1) T1 > T2 P
volume and pressure are each increased by T2
2) T2 > T1
1%, then temperature increases by
3) T1 = T2 T1
1) 0.5% 2) 1% 3) 2% 4) 4%

71. At constant volume the ratio of increase in 4) T1 T2 V

pressure of an ideal gas per degree rise in
77. From the following P – T diagram, the
kelvin temperature to its original pressure
inference drawn is
P
1 1 1) V2 > V1 V2
1) 3 2) 3) 273 4) 3
273 2) V2 < V1 V1
72. A sample of O2 gas and a sample of H2 gas 2
3) V1= V2 1
both have the same mass, the same volume T
and the same pressure. Assuming them to 4) none of these
be perfect gases, the ratio of the 78. The equation of state corresponding to 2gm
temperature of O 2 gas to the temperature H2 is
of the H2 gas is RT
1) 16 2) 8 1) PV = RT 2) PV =
4
3) 32 4) 4 RT RT
73. The density of air at N.T.P is 3) PV = 4) PV 
3 2
1.293×10 –3 kg/litre. Calculate its gas 79. A vessel contains 8gm of a gas at a pressure
constant. P and temperature 500K. The gas leaves
1) 0.287 J gm-1 K-1 through a small hole. The mass of the gas
2) 1.267 J gm-1 K-1 leaked out when the pressure is P/2 and
temperature is 400K is
3) 3.87 J gm-1 K-1
1) 5 gm 2) 3 gm
4) 4.167 J gm-1 K-1 3) 4 gm 4) 6 gm

XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 43

 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
80. One litre of Helium under a pressure of CALORIMETRY
1 atm and at a temperature of 0°C is heated 87. Two lead spheres at the same temperature
until the pressure becomes 1/3 and volume have radii in the ratio 1:2. What is the ratio
are doubled. The final temperature attained of their heat capacities?
by the gas is 1) 1 : 8 2) 1 : 4 3) 8 : 1 4) 4 : 1
1) –123°C 2) –100°C 88. The water equivalent of a substance is 20g. If
3) –13°C 4) – 91°C the mass of the substance is 200gm the specific
81. An ideal gas is enclosed in a glass bottle at heat of the substance is (in J kg-1K-1)
00c and 1 atmospheric pressure. The bottle 1) 240 2) 360 3) 420 4) 630
bursts at a presssure just greater than
89. A piece of metal of mass 100g is heated to
2 atmospheres. To which temperature the gas
85o and dropped into a copper calorimater
can be heated with out breakling the bottle ?
of mass 40g containing 246g of water at 20oC
1) 2730C 2) 3730C Neglecting heat loss the specific heat of the
0
3) 473 C 4) 1730C metal is nearly if the equilibrium temperature
82. A vessel is filled with some gas at 76cm of is 25OC is in Cal/gmoC
Hg. If the mass of the gas in the vessel is 1) 0.21 2) 0.33 3) 0.41 4) 0.51
increased by 50% at the same temperature
90. A metal block absorbs 4500 cal of heat when
then pressure of the gas in the vessel is
heated from 30°C to 80°C. Its thermal
1) 114cm of Hg 2) 76cm of Hg capacity is
3) 38cm of Hg 4) 70cm of Hg
1) 90 gm 2) 90 cal / ºC
83. A flask is filled with 13g of an ideal gas at
270 C and its temperature is raised to 520C. 3) 9 gm 4) 9 cal / ºC
The mass of the gas that has to be released 91. There are two brass spheres at the same
to maintain the pressure constant is temperature. If their radii are in the ratio
1) 5gm 2) 6 gm 3) 7 gm 4) 1 gm 2:3. The ratio of their thermal capacities is
84. The density of a gas at NTP is 9  10 5 g/ cm3 1) 4 : 9 2) 2 : 3 3) 8 : 27 4) 27 : 8
the density at 2400C and at a pressure of 92. Specific heat of mercury is 0.03 cal/gm°C.
228 cm of Hg Its value in S.I is
1) 14.36  105 g / cm3 2) 1.436  105 g / cm3 1) 116 2) 126 3) 162 4) 216
5 3 5 3
3) 143.6  10 g / cm 4) .1436  10 g / cm 93. A calorimeter takes 200 cal of heat to rise
its temperature through 10ºC. Its water
85. The mass of 1 litre of hydrogen gas at N.T.P.
equivalent in gm is
is 0.9 g. What is the mass of the gas of same
volume at 270C and 75 cm of Hg pressure ? 1) 2 2) 10 3) 20 4) 40
1) 0.81 g 2) 0.5g 3) 0.62g 4) 0.4g 94. 50 g of copper is heated to increase its
86. The density of oxygen at N.T.P is 1.429g/ li- temperature by 10oC. If the same quantity
tre. A certain mass of the gas is enclosed in of heat is given to 10 gm of water, the rise in
a cylinder, whose volume is 2.5 litres, under temperature is (specific heat of copper =
a pressure of 780 mm at a temperature of 420 JKg -1 K -1 , specific heat of water =
270C. What is the mass of the gas in the cyl- 4200 Jkg -1 K -1 )
inder ?
1) 5oC 2) 6oC 3) 7 oC 4) 8oC
1) 3.336g 2) 4.2 g 3) 5.12 g 4) 6.8 g

XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 44

 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
95. Density of liquid 'A' is 0.2 / C.C. and that of HEAT TRANSFER
liquid 'B' is 0.4 g/C.C. Heat capacity of CONDUCTION
4 litres of 'A' is equal to that of 5 litres of 102.In a steady state of thermal conduction,
'B'. Then their specific heats ratio is
temperature of the ends A and B of 20cm
1) 5 : 2 2) 2 : 5 3) 3 : 2 4) 5 : 6 long rod are 1000C and 00C respectively. The
96. The amount of heat required to convert temperature of the rod at a point at a distance
1 gm of Ice at 00 to 1 gm of steam at 1000 C. of 6 cm from the end A of the rod is
1) 720 cal 2) 640 cal 1) – 300 C 2) 700 C 3) 50 C 4) 400 C
3) 540 cal 4) 80 cal 103. Two metal cubes with 3 cm edge of copper
and aluminium are arranged in series.Find
97. Two liquids A and B are at 25°C and 15°C. the (a) thermal resistance of each cube and
Their masses are in 2 : 3 and specific heats the total thermal resistance of the system,
in ratio 3 : 4 then resultant temperature when (b) the temperature T at the surface of
they are mixed is contact. The temperatures of outer surfaces
1) 16.66°C 2) 18.33ºC of copper and aluminium are 1000C and 200C
respectively. (K of copper = 400 W/mK& K
3) 20ºC 4) 10ºC
of aluminium = 240W/mK)
98. 4g of liquid ‘A’ at 60°C is mixed with 1 gram
of liquid ‘B’ at 50°C. If final temperature is 1) 8.3102 K / w, RAI  1.4101 K / w,
55°C then their specific heats are in the ratio Rtotal  0.223, 700 C
1 2
1) 4 : 1 2) 1: 1 2) 8.310 K / w, RAI  1.410 K / w,
3) 2 : 1 4) 1: 4 Rtotal  0.223, 70.230 C

3) 8.3 K / w, RAI  1.4 K / w,

99. A liquid of mass M and specific heat S is
heated to a temperature T. Another liquid of
Rtotal  0.223, 70.230 C
mass M/2 and specific heat 2S is heated to a
temperature 2T. If these two liquids are 8.3 102 K / w, RAI  1.4 101 K / w,
mixed, the resultant temperature of the 4)
Rtotal  0.113, 7.0230 C
mixture is
104. Two ends of rods of length L and radius r of
2 3 the same material are kept at the same
1) T 2) T
3 5 temperature. Which of the following rods
conducts most heat in a given time interval
1 3
3) T 4) T 1) L = 50 cm, r= 1cm
3 2
2) L = 100 cm, r = 2cm
100. 5g ice at 0ºC is mixed with 5g of steam at
100ºC. What is the final temperature ? 3) L = 25 cm , r = 0.5 cm
4) L = 75 cm, r = 1.5 cm
1) 0°C 2) 50°C
105. The quantity of heat flowing for 10 seconds
3) 75°C 4) 100°C
through a rod of length 40 cm, area 50 cm2 is
101. Equal masses of ice at 0°C and water at 100°C 200 J. If the temperature difference at the
are mixed. The resultant temperature is ends of the rod is 80°C, then coefficient of
1) 50°C 2) 0°C thermal conductivity of the rod in Wm-1K-1 is
3) 10°C 4) 5°C 1) 120 2) 80 3) 20 4) 60

XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 45

 Physics
106. Two metal rods of same length and same
cross sectional area are connected in Series.
If their conductivities are 120 Wm-1K-1 and
240 Wm-1K-1, then effective conductivity of
the combination is
1) 150 Wm-1K-1 2) 180 Wm-1K-1
3) 200 Wm-1K-1 4) 160 Wm-1K-1
107. Three metal rods of same length and same
cross sectional area are connected in
Parallel. If their conductivities are
70 Wm-1K-1, 110 Wm-1K-1 and 180 Wm-1K-1
respectively then effective conductivity of
the combination is
1) 140 Wm-1K-1 2) 130 Wm-1K-1
-1
3) 120 Wm K -1 4) 90 Wm-1K-1
108. The heat is flowing through two cylindrical rods
of same material. The diameters of the rods
are in the ratio 1:2 and their lengths are in the
ratio 2:1. If the temperature difference
between their ends is the same, the ratio of
rates of flow of heat through them will be
1) 1 : 1 2) 2 : 1 3) 1 : 4 4) 1 : 8
109. Two rods of same length have areas in the
ratio 2:1 and thermal conductivities in the
ratio 3 : 4. The ratio of their thermal
resistances will be
1) 3 :2 2) 8 : 3 3) 2 : 3 4) 3 : 8
110. A cylindrical rod with one end in steam and
other end in ice results in melting of 0.1 g of
ice per second. If the rod is replaced by
another with half the length, double the
radius of first and if the conductivity of
1 temperature of the junction is found to be
material of second is of first, the rate at
4 250C. What is the value of  ?
which ice melts is (in g/s)
THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
112.Two rectangular rods of thermal resistances
5 kw –1 and 10 kw –1 are joined in series
combination. Their equivalent thermal
resistance will be
1) 15 kw–1 2) 3.33kw–1
4) 7.5 kw–1 4) 6.67 kw–1
113.Two vessels of different materials are similar
in size in every respect. The same quantity
of ice filled in them gets melted in 20 minutes
and 35 minutes respectively. The ratio of the
thermal conductivities of their materials is
1) 5 : 6 2) 6 : 5 3) 3 : 1 4) 7 : 4
114. Two different metal rods of equal lengths and
equal areas of cross – section have their ends
kept at the same temperatures 1and 2 . If
k1 andk2 are their thermal conductivities,
1 and 2 their densities and s1 and s2 their
specific heats, then the rate of flow of heat in
the two rods will be the same if
k1 1s2
k1 1s1
1)  2) 
k 2  2s 2 k2 2s1
k1 1
3)  4) k1  k 2
k 2 2
115. Metal rods X and Y of identical cross -
sectional area, have lengths 60 cm and 30
cm respectively. They are made of metals of
thermal conductivities  X and  Y . They are
well - lagged and joined end - to - end . One
end of X is maintained at 100 0C and the
opposite end of Y is maintained at 00C. When
steady conditions have been reached, the
X
Y

1) 3.2 2) 1.6 3) 0.2 4) 0.1 1 2 25 3

111. A rectangular block of copper (K=0.9) of 1) 2) 3) 4)
6 3 24 2
thickness 5cm and area of cross section 116. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of
10cm2 has one of its faces maintained at a copper rod is four times that of an identical
constant temperature of 100 0 C while the steel rod. In the composite cylindrical bar,
opposite face is in contact with ice at 00C. If what will be the temperature at the junction
there is no loss of heat, the amount of ice of copper and steel when temperatures at
that melts in 10 minutes is the free ends are 1000C and 00 C
1) 800C 2) 670C 3) 330C 4) 250C
1) 1.25kg 2) 1.30kg 3) 1.35kg 4) 1.40 kg

XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 46

 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
117. A wall has two layers A and B of equal areas. 124. Two spheres of same material have radii 1m
Their thicknesses are 10 cm and 20cm. and 4 m and temperatures 4000 K and 2000
Conductivity of A is twice that of B. Under K respectively. The ratio of the energy
thermal equilibrium, if the temperature radiated per second by the first sphere to
difference across the wall is 45°C, then
that by the second is
temperature difference across the layer A is
1) 1 : 1 2) 16 : 1 3) 4 : 1 4) 1 : 9
1) 36°C 2) 27°C 3) 18°C 4) 9°C
125. The radii of two spheres of same material
118. With cold wind keeping the surface at are 1m and 4m, their temperatures are
–100C, a layer of ice on a pond grows in
4000K and 2000K respectively. The ratio of
thickness from 20 mm to 21 mm in 10 min.
amounts of heat emitted by them in a given
Later on with the surface at the same
temperature, it will grow from 40 mm to time interval will be
42 mm in approximately (in min.) 1) 1:4 2) 1:2 3) 1:1 4) 2:1
1) 10 2) 5 3) 20 4) 40 126. A black body radiates energy at the rate of
E watt m–2 at a high temperature TK, when
RADIATION
119 Intensity of radiation received by an the temperature is reduced to T K, the
2
absorber is 100 units when the distance  
radiant energy
between source & absorber is ‘d’ units. If
the distance is doubled then intensity
E E E
1) 2) 2E 3) 4)
received will be 2 4 16
127. Two bodies A and B at temperatures 327°C
1) 200 units 2) 400 units 3) 25 units 4) 100 units and 277°C are kept in vacuum chamber at
120. If 25% of energy incident on a body is 27°C. Then ratio of their rates of loss of heat
reflected and 55% of energy is absorbed, the in a given time interval is nearly
energy transmitted is 1) 2 : 1 2) 1 : 2 3) 1 : 4 4) 4 : 1
1) 80% 2) 20% 3) 40% 4) 30% 128. The power of a black body at temperature
121. If the absolute temperature of a black body 200K is 544 watt. Its surface area is
is doubled then Energy radiated by it in a   5.67 x108 wm2 K 4 
given time interval will be increased by 1) 6 X 10 2 m 2 2) 6m 2
1) 1600% 2) 1500% 3) 6 x106 m2 4) 6 x102 m 2
3) 800% 4) 400% 129. A Black metal foil receives radiation of
power P from a hot sphere at absolute tem-
122. The surface of the sun has temperature of
perature T, kept at a distance d. If the tem-
about 6000 K and the radius of the sun is
perature is doubled and distance is doubled,
7 × 108 m. The total energy radiated by the
then Power will be
sun in each second is nearly (Assume that
the emissivity of the sun is 1) 1) 64P 2) 16P 3) 4P 4) 8P
130. Two stars emit maximum radiation at wave-
1) 1.77 1026 J / s 2) 2.77 1026 J / s length 3600A0 and 4800 A0 respectively. The
ratio of their temperatures is
3) 3.7710 26 J / s 4) 4.521026 J / s
1) 1 : 2 2) 3 : 4 3) 4 : 3 4) 2 : 1
123. At 27°C if the energy radiated by a body in a given
131. A particular star (asuming it as a black body)
interval of time is 162 cal. Then at 127° C the
as an surface temperature of about 5  104 K .
energy radiated by it in the same time wil be
The wavelength in nanometers at which its ra-
1) 324 cal 2) 648 cal 3) 512 cal 4) 256 cal diation becomes maximum is (b=0.0029 mK)
1) 48 2) 58 3) 60 4) 70
XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 47
 Physics THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
132. A black body emits radiations of maximumm 138. A heated body emits rediation which has
intensity at a wavelength of 5000A 0 , when maximumintensity near the frequency v0 .
the temperature of the body is 12270C. If the The emissivity of the material is 0.5. If the
temperature of the body is increased by absolute temperature of the body is doubled
10000C, the maximum intensity of emitted a) The maximum intensity of radiation will
radiation would be observed at be near the frequency 2v0
0 0
1) 2754.8 A 2) 3000 A b) The maximum intensity of radiation will
be near the frequency v0 /2
0 0
3) 3500 A 4) 4000 A c) The total energy emitted will increase by
a factor of 16
133. A black body at 200 K is found to emit
d) The total energy emitted will increase by
maximum energy at a wavelength of 14 m .
a factor of 8
When its temperature is raised to 1000K,
the wavelength at which maximum energy 1) a & b 2) b & c
emitted is 3) a & c 4) c & d
EXERCISE - II(B)
1) 14 m 2) 70 m 3) 2.8 m 4) 2.8 mm
ANSWERS
NEWTONS LAW OF COOLING 1) 4 2) 3 3) 3 4) 1 5) 2
134. The rates of cooling of a body at 6) 1 7) 2 8) 4 9) 2 10) 2
temperatures 100°C and 80°C are x1 and x2 11) 2 12) 1 13)1 14) 4 15) 4
respectively, when placed in a room of 16) 2 17) 1 18) 2 19) 2 20) 4
x1 21) 1 22) 3 23) 3 24) 4 25) 1
temperature 40°C then x is 26) 4 27) 3 28) 3 29) 1 30) 3
2

31) 1 32) 4 33) 4 34) 1 35) 3

1) 4/5 2) 5/4 3) 3/2 4) 2/3
36) 1 37) 2 38) 3 39) 1 40) 1
135.A body in a laboratory takes 4 minutes to cool 41) 2 42) 2 43) 1 44) 3 45) 2
from 61°C to 59°C. If the laboratory 46) 1 47) 1 48) 4 49) 2 50) 4
temperature is 30° C, then time taken by it 51) 2 52) 3 53) 1 54) 1 55) 1
to cool from 51°C to 49°C is 56) 3 57) 1 58) 4 59) 4 60) 3
61) 1 62) 1 63) 4 64) 1 65) 1
1) 6 min 2) 8 min 66) 4 67) 3 68) 3 69) 4 70) 3
3) 5.6 min 4) 10 min4 71) 2 72) 1 73) 1 74) 2 75) 3
76) 2 77) 2 78) 1 79) 2 80) 4
136.A body cools from 62°C to 50°C in 10 minutes. 81) 1 82) 1 83) 4 84) 1 85) 1
If the temperature of surroundings is 26° C, 86) 1 87) 1 88) 3 89) 1 90) 2
then temperature of the body after another 91) 3 92) 2 93) 3 94) 1 95) 1
10 minutes is 96) 1 97) 2 98) 4 99) 4 100) 4
101) 3 102) 2 103) 1 104) 2 105) 3
1) 46°C 2) 44°C 3) 42°C 4) 40°C
106) 4 107) 3 108) 4 109) 3 110) 3
137. A metal ball kept in a cooling room, cools from 111) 3 112) 1 113) 4 114) 4 115) 2
720C to 600C in 10 minutes; and to 520C in 116) 1 117) 4 118) 4 119) 3 120) 2
next 10 minutes. The temperature of the 121) 2 122) 4 123) 3 124) 1 125) 3
cooling room is 126) 4 127) 1 128) 2 129) 3 130) 3
131) 2 132)2 133) 3 134) 3 135) 1
1) 320C 2) 300C 3) 380C 4) 360C
136) 3 137) 4 138) 3
XIth Class (C.B.S.E) SRI CHAITANYA 48