Reviewer LE 1

Sunday, February 10, 2019 5:47 PM

Oceanology VIDEO NOTES (DEEP SEA)

• Covers multidisciplinary fields concerning ocean life and physics 1. Hatchet fish
Oceanography a. Bodies are flat and reflects light
• study of earth's oceans and interlinked ecosystems b. Uses photophores
○ BIOLOGICAL 2. Red pigment
▪ Flora and fauna a. Used as camoflouge because no red light is visible in the deep sea
○ CHEMICAL 3. Photosynthesis
▪ Chemistry of ocean that affects the biology a. Not possible at certain depths
○ MARINE GEOLOGY 4. Sea urchins
▪ Ocean floor and plate tectonics a. Travel in herds to reproduce easier
○ METEOROLOGIC 5. Sea cucumbers and Polychaete worms
▪ Atmosphere and ocean a. Develops skirt skin to swim around
○ PHYSICAL 6. Tripod Fish
▪ Temp,salinity struc, waves and current a. Fins keep them on the surface and the other two to sense prey
7. Dumbo octopus
a. Flapping ears to keep them afloat and umbrella skin connecting
East Australian Current tentacles
• Keeps great barrier reef warm enough for corals to thrive 8. Symbiotic bacteria
• 100 km wide 1.5 km deep 7km/h a. Converts sulfide and methane into food for organisms neer the sea
vents
Resource Space Migration 9. Pompeii worms
• People go near coasts for more resources a. Can stand extreme temps; lives near sea vents
• Altering coasts line affects organisms near it negatively 10. Hagfish
a. Two rows of teeth no jaws
Extremophiles 11. Chimaera
• Thrive in extreme environments, produces extremozynes a. Large eyes to spot bioluminescense
○ HALOPHILE 12. Gulper eel
▪ High salt a. Extensible stomach
○ ALKALIPHILE 13. Deep sea angler fish
▪ High pH a. Biolumi as lure
○ ACIDOPHILE
▪ Low pH
○ HYPERTHERMOPHILE
▪ High temp

Conus snails
• Polypeptide toxins
• Lourdes J. Cruz characterized >50 of these toxins
○ Conotoxins (neurotoxin w/ pain killer properties)
▪ Used them as bioprobes to observe brain activity
Harmful algal blooms
• Classic red tide
• Mussels filter the toxins so they cannot be eaten

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Reviewer LE 1 #2
Sunday, February 10, 2019 7:16 PM

Pacific Ocean Currents

• "peaceful"; named by Ferdinand Magellan • Createss a physical barrier that limits mixing of biodiversities
• Circular Shape • Bring warm water away and brings equal amt of cold to equator
• Largest (30% of earth); deepest trenches of ave 3800 m
depth Global Ocean Conveyor Belt
Atlantic Ocean • Regulates earths climate
• Atlas • One trip is 1500 years
• S shaped used as trade routes Thermohaline
• Mid Atlantic ridge • Circulation caused by heat and salt which affects seawater density
○ Longest submarine mountian range Thermocline
• Puerto Rico trench • Sharp temp. changes
○ 2nd deepest Gulf Stream
Indian Ocean • One of the strongest currents
• 3rd largest; 20% of earth • Moves along the Gulf of mexico to us east coast to north europe
• Triangular inverted Y shaped • Brings warmth to places in Europe
• Higher water temp Upwelling
• First to be crossed used in trade routes • Brings nutrient rich waters to suface
Southern Ocean • Occurs when parallel winds push water out to seas
• Recognized on 2000; borders Antarctica Downwelling
• 4th largest 20,327,000 km^2 • Downward movement due to temp. and salinity changes
• Extreme envi. Least understood, unexplored • Void of nutrients
Arctic Ocean
• Smallest, shallowest, coldest and least salty Why study currents?
• Virtually landlocked • Predict oil spills
• North pole and has polar ice which are melting (rise of • Aid in marine search and rescue
sea levels) • Find fish location
• Predict storm tracks
Global Wind Pattern ( 3 convection cell due to Coriolis effect) • Monitor possible iceberg locations
• Hadley
○ Trade winds
○ Rises equator
• Ferrel
○ Westerlies
○ Falls 30 deg; dry
• Polar
○ Polar Easterlies
○ Rises 60 deg; condensation and rain

TYPES OF CURRENT
• Surface
○ Surface circulation
○ Mostly horizontal; ; 10% upper 400m
• Deep water
○ Thermohaline circulation; density forces and
gravity
○ Mostly vertical; 90%

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