“Año del dialogo y la Reconciliación Nacional “

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE MOQUEGUA

COURSE:
YACIMIENTO DE MINERALES

TEACHER:
ING. JOSÉ ANTONIO SALAS MEDINA

CICLE:
VI

THEME:
PORPHYRIES

STUDENTS:
 RAMOS FUENTES ALBERT JUSTIN
 ALVAREZ CONDORI MAGIBER RIVALDO
 ASENCIO PARI HUGO SERGIO
 CONDORI TARAPACÁ KELLY MILAGROS
 RAMÍREZ CHIPANA CLAUDIA ELIZABETH
 CHAMBY LAURA YESENIA
 GOMEZ ROJAS JUAN JESÚS
 HUACHO APAZA CHRISTIAN JEFFERSON
 QUISPE CAMINO CHADLY LING
 VILLALTA CASTRO WILFREDO ANTONIO
 CONTENT
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1

1. DEFINITION ........................................................................................................... 2

2. TYPES OF PORPHYRY ........................................................................................ 2

2.1. PORPHYRIES (CU-MO)................................................................................ 2

2.2. PORPHYRIES (CU-AU) ................................................................................. 2

3. CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................................ 2

4. STRUCTURES ........................................................................................................ 3

4.1. STOCKWORK ................................................................................................ 3

4.2. DISSEMINATED............................................................................................. 4

4.3. PEBBLE DYKES ............................................................................................. 4

5. ALTERATIONS ...................................................................................................... 5

5.1. POTASSIC ZONE ........................................................................................... 5

5.2. PHYLLIC ZONE ............................................................................................. 5

5.3. ARGILLIC ZONE ........................................................................................... 5

5.4. PROPILITIC ZONE ....................................................................................... 6

6. MODELS.................................................................................................................. 6

7. DEPOSITS TYPE PORPHYD IN PERU ............................................................. 7

CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................. 8

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 9
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INTRODUCTION

Porphyry deposits today play a very important role in the mining of copper,

molybdenum and tin. Porphyry is known under many names, which complicates the

situation a bit. In general the disseminated deposits (disseminated molybdenums), the

"stockwerk" deposits today belong to the porphyry group.

Generally porphyries or porphyries have relatively low laws and cover a fairly large

sector. They have a relationship with an intrusive rock that in parts shows a porphyritic

texture. There is also a relationship with extrusive - volcanic rocks that mark strong

secondary changes due to hydrothermal activities. A great variety of alterations of the box

and intrusive rocks are noted. There are secondary minerals in a disseminated form ie in

a fine distribution. In addition there are veinlets, veins and diaclasse fillings in various

shapes and densities. Deposits of the porphyry type generally emerge at destructive

continental margins - especially in subduction zones.

The world's largest porphyry copper deposits are located in Chile, the United States,

Canada, but also in Panama, Mexico, New Guinea and Iran.

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1. DEFINITION

It is called porphyry to a type of mineralization of magmatic and hydrothermal

origin. The porphyry copper is the main source of extraction of both copper and

molybdenum. They can be subdivided into two groups: the deposits where

molybdenum prevails and those where copper prevails. The porphyry name refers to

its typical but not necessary association with rocks of porphyritic texture, specifically

of large feldspars in a fine matrix.

They are deposits that have relatively low laws and cover a fairly large sector,

deposits of the porphyry type generally emerge at destructive continental margins-

especially in subduction zones.

2. TYPES OF PORPHYRY

Porphyry deposits can be divided into different types considering their metallic

content.

2.1. PORPHYRIES (CU-MO)

Related to felsic intrusives of the Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary located

in the magmatic arc.

2.2. PORPHYRIES (CU-AU)

They are emplaced in stocks forms of intermediate composition of tertiary age

that cuts the Mesozoic sedimentary strip of the western mountain range.

3. CHARACTERISTICS

They are deposits formed by the circulation of hydrothermal fluids linked to the last

stage of intrusion of subvolcanic stocks of tonalitic, granodioritic, monzogranitic or

andesitic composition of a calco-alkaline nature.

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CHARACTERISTICS DETAILS

Cu: between 0.3% up to 1.4%.

Mo: between 0.3% up to 1.4%.
Metal laws Au: 0 to 0.6 g/ton.
Intrusive: granites, granodiorites, tonalites, quartziferous
monzonites, diorites.
Existing rocks
Subvolcanic: dioritic-granodioritic stocks with
porphyritic texture.

volcanic: +/- dacitas

Alterations potassium, sericitic, argillic, propylitic and silicification
alteration(LOWELL& GUILBERT; SILLITOE)
Dissemination: the ore appears in fine distributed
particles.

Stockwork: diaclases fillings, vein veinlets, veins with

Structures ore, or other minerals of hydrothermal formation such as
gypsum, calcite and barinite.

Pebble dykes: hydrothermal vents of different sizes,

expansive tectonic structures (faults, dykes) with genetic
reservoir formation.
General subduction zones, continental margin active in
destruction

4. STRUCTURES

4.1. STOCKWORK

They correspond to small veinlets that intercept all the rock. There are several

forms of symmetries and sizes.

The stockwork structure is characterized according to the following:

 The frequency of veinlets

 The width of the veinlets

 The symmetry

 The type of mineral as a filler.

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4.2. DISSEMINATED

Corresponds to the presentation of isolated fine particles, ranging in size from

very small (not visible to the naked eye) to sizes that do not exceed 2mm.

occasionally, the disseminated joins the structure of veinlets.

4.3. PEBBLE DYKES

 Hydrothermal gap: In some sectors there are hydrothermal gaps in which the

rocks appear in the form of a vein or marking ellipsoid sectors. These rocks

contain bleached, altered clays, of different sizes, commonly between 0.5 cm

to 10 cm. The majority of the clasts are angular and in several sectors meet the

criterion of puzzle.
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5. ALTERATIONS

5.1. POTASSIC ZONE

The area more within the alteration. Orthoclase, plagioclase and primary mafic

minerals are changed by hydrothermal processes to orthoclase (kfeld) and biotite,

orthoclase (kfeld) and chlorite, or perhaps orthoclase and biotite and chlorite (chl)

sometimes with sericite, anhydrite, quartz (qz) ) in stockwork. The core of this

area may be poor in ore.

5.2. PHYLLIC ZONE

The boundary between the potassium zone and the phyllitic zone is not well

defined. It is a transition zone between 2 to 30 meters. Primary biotite and

feldspars decompose to sericite and rutile. Also known is the paragenesis of

quartz-sericite-pyrite with little chlorite (chl), Illita, rutile and pyrophyllite (pyfi).

Carbonates and anhydrite are very scarce in this area.

5.3. ARGILLIC ZONE

Zone not always well developed. Mainly corresponds to the formation of clay

minerals. As kaolin, montmorillonite and pyrite in small veinlets. The alkaline

Feldspars do not show strong alterations, primary biotite was partially changed to

chlorite.
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5.4. PROPILITIC ZONE

The most outside zone of the system without contact defned to the box rock.

The alterations are gradually diminished until they disappear completely. The

characteristics of this zone are the minerals chlorite, pyrite, calcite and epidote.

Plagioclase does not always show alterations. Biotite and Hornblenda were

partially or totally changed to chlorite and carbonates.

6. MODELS
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7. DEPOSITS TYPE PORPHYD IN PERU

a) TYPE Cu-Mo

 La Granja

 Cuajone

 Toquepala

 Quellaveco

 Cerro Verde

 Toromocho

 Los Chancas

b) TYPE Cu-Au

 Cerro Corona

 Michiquillay

 La arena

 Mina Conga
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CONCLUSIONS

 They are called porphyries because they are frequently, but not exclusively,

associated with intrusive igneous rocks with feldspar phenocrysts in a fine-grained

crystalline fundamental mass.

 The porphyry type deposits have a low grade but a large tonnage, and mostly

originate in the area of the fire belt.

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REFERENCES

 https://es.scribd.com/doc/272014757/Yacimientos-Tipo-Porfido

 https://es.scribd.com/presentation/227546960/YACIMIENTOS-PORFIDOS

 https://www.elsaber21.com/yacimiento-tipo-porfido-origen-y-caracteristicas

 https://es.scribd.com/document/253082608/3-Yac-tipo-pu00F3rfido-pdf

 http://www.geovirtual2.cl/depos/02porfcu05.htm