EVALUATION OF TRANSMISSION SYSTEM, WATER TREATMENT

PLANT 3, AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

IN MM2100 INDUSTRIAL TOWN
CIBITUNG – BEKASI

Siti Kurnia Fatimah1 and Marissa Handajani2

Department of Environmental Engineering
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132
1
sitikurniafatimah@gmail.com and 2m_handajani@yahoo.com

Abstract: PT. Megalopolis Manunggal Industrial Development (MMID) is a management company of MM2100
Industrial Town. As an industrial area management company, PT. MMID has a role as a provider of clean water needs
in MM2100 Industrial Town. There are three water treatment plants built by PT. MMID, one of them is Water
Treatment Plant 3 (WTP 3). Raw water transmitted from Kalimalang River must meet the minimum residual head
value, so it can be processed in WTP 3. Clean water from WTP 3 is distributed to companies managed by PT. MMID.
The clean water must meet the quality standard regulations, so that it is safe to be used by the costumers. Evaluation
of water transmission system, WTP 3, and distribution system is done based on primary and secondary data obtained.
In the water transmission system, various piping accessories installed and residual head value obtained from the
calculation is considered sufficient to transmit the raw water, i.e. 1,907 m of water column. Flow Raw water treatment
in WTP 3 consists of chemical addition unit, coagulation, flocculation, lamella plate settler sedimentation, and
filtration with flowrate of 1250 m3/hour. The result of sampling of raw water quality before entering into the raw water
treatment unit and in each raw water treatment unit have fulfilled the quality standards of Provincial Governor SK 1
West Java No. 38 year 1991 and Minister of Health Regulation No. 416 Year 1990. The overall turbidity removal
efficiency of the raw water treatment unit reaches more than 90%. Resetting of mixer rate in the coagulation and
flocculation unit should be done because gradient velocity value in the coagulation process is small and in the
flocullation process is high. Water distribution system in MM2100 Industrial Town uses branch and loop distribution
patterns.

Keywords: Transmission system, WTP 3, lamella plate settler, water quality, turbidity removal efficiency, gradient
velocity, distribution pattern.

INTRODUCTION

PT. Megalopolis Manunggal Industrial Development (MMID) is a management company

of MM2100 Industrial Town. As an industrial area management company, PT. MMID has a role
as a provider of clean water needs in MM2100 Industrial Town. There are three water treatment
plants built by PT. MMID, one of them is Water Treatment Plant 3 (WTP 3). Raw water comes
from Kalimalang River is transmitted to WTP 3 to be processed into clean water. Then the clean
water will be distributed to companies managed by PT. MMID. The clean water must meet the
quality standard regulations, so that it is safe to be used by the costumers. In addition, the raw
water transmission system from the water source to the WTP must meet the operational standards
of the transmission system so that water can be treated in WTP and the water distributed can meet
customer needs. Evaluation conducted on the transmission system, WTP 3, and distribution system

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can give an overview to PT. MMID on the conformity of the current processes related to these
three aspects compared to quality standards and design criteria.

METHODOLOGY

The method used to evaluate the performance of raw water transmission system, WTP 3
and clean water distribution system in MM2100 Industrial Town is observation, namely by doing
direct observation in the field and accompanied by primary data collection for raw water quality
and processing water in each unit. In addition, literature study and secondary data search are
conducted, such as interview and discussion with mentors. From primary and secondary data
obtained, analysis and evaluation were conducted to give suggestions to improve the performance
of water transmission system, WTP 3, and water distribution system in MM2100 Industrial Town.

RESULT AND ANALYSIS

Raw water processed in WTP 3 comes from Kalimalang River. The raw water is
transmitted to WTP 3 with a pumping system. This is because the elevation of the intake 2 building
is lower than WTP 3. The raw water transmission pipe has a diameter of 0.9 m so that pipe
accessories need to be installed. Pipe accessories installed include pressure switch, ball valve, air
valve, check valve, flexible joint, flange, bend 90o, elbow 45 o, elbow 22,5o, elbow 22o, elbow
11,25o, and elbow 70o. The raw water transmission pumps in intake 2 have a head value of 26 m.
The head value minus the pipe elevation difference value and the major and minor headloss values.
Based on the calculation, residual head value from raw water pipe in intake 2 building to WTP 3
is 1,907 m. The residual head value is considered sufficient to transmit the raw water from intake
2 building to WTP 3.
Raw water sampling for laboratory tested in internal laboratory of WTP office in MM210
Industrial Town taken from tap water that is connected to the raw water pipe in WTP 3 region.
The test results showed that raw water quality has an average turbidity of 39.74 NTU, temperature
average 26.13oC, average pH of 6,968, average iron (Fe) concentration 0,814 mg / L, and average
manganese concentration 0,038 mg / L. These parameters have met the standard raw water quality
standard of Provincial Governor SK 1 West Java No. 38 year 1991. Low raw water turbidity may
cause units in WTP 3 not need to do heavy work to do the removal of pollutants in raw water. So
it can reduce the amount of coagulant used. The pH value of raw water is in the neutral pH range
so there is no need for a pH neutralization process in WTP 3. The result of clean water quality test
can be seen in Table 1.

Table 1. Sampling Result of Water Quality in Each Unit of WTP 3

Raw Coagulation Flocculation Sedimentation Filtered
Date Parameters Standard Standard
Water outlet Outlet Outlet Water
pH 6.8 5–9 6.79 6.87 6.79 6.7 6,5 – 9,0
T (⁰C) 26 (22 – 28)oC 26 26 26 26 (22 – 28)oC
th
July, 25 2017
Turbidity (NTU) 44.58 ≤3000 NTU 15.67 8.65 2.3 1.12 25 NTU
Color (PtCo) 215 ≤6000 PtCo 127.33 108.67 20 10 ≤15 PtCo
pH 6.97 5–9 6.95 6.89 6.75 7 6,5 – 9,0
July, 27th 2017
T (⁰C) 26.1 (22 – 28)oC 26.1 26.1 26.1 26.1 (22 – 28)oC

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 Raw Coagulation Flocculation Sedimentation Filtered
Date Parameters Standard Standard
Water outlet Outlet Outlet Water
Turbidity (NTU) 41.76 ≤6000 PtCo 11.84 8.75 5.89 1.5 25 NTU
Color (PtCo) 339 ≤15 PtCo 160 106 33 15 ≤15 PtCo
pH 7.01 5–9 6.97 6.96 6.98 7 6,5 – 9,0
T (⁰C) 26.1 (22 – 28)oC 26.1 26.1 26.1 26.1 (22 – 28)oC
July, 28th 2017
Turbidity (NTU) 25.6 ≤6000 PtCo 11.32 9.95 1.65 0.7 25 NTU
Color (PtCo) 168 ≤15 PtCo 118 82 16 9 ≤15 PtCo
The test results of four parameters in Table 1 indicate that the quality of clean water in
each unit has met the quality standard based on the Minister of Health Regulation No. 416 Year
1990.

Table 2. Removal Efficiency of Turbidity in Each Unit of WTP 3

Removal Efficiency (%)
Date
Coagulation Flocculation Sedimentation Filtration Overall
July, 25th 2017 64,850 44,799 73,410 51,304 97,488
July, 27th 2017 71,648 26,098 32,686 74,533 96,408
July, 28th 2017 55,781 12,102 83,417 57,576 97,266

Turbidity in−Turbidity out

Removal Efficiensy (%) = × 100 ...(1)
Turbidity in

Removal efficiency can be calculated use Equation 1. Based on Table 2, it can be seen
that removal efficiency of turbidity that occurs in WTP 3 reaches more than 90%. This means that
the performance of WTP 3 units have been running well so that the turbidity value can meet the
quality standard.
The treatment of raw water into clean water in WTP 3 can be seen in Figure 1:

Rapid sand Filtered

Raw water Chemical addition Coagulation Flocculation Sedimentation
filter water

Sludge pit
Reservoir

Figure 1. Water Treatment Process Flow Diagram of WTP 3

In WTP 3, there is an addition of NaClO chemical to reduce organic substances and

microorganism in raw water. Then water enters coagulation and flocculation unit. In the
coagulation unit, PAC 8% is added as a coagulant. The main advantages of PAC compared to other
coagulant are PAC can work on a wide pH range so there is no need to increase or decrease the
pH value of water and the high level of floc formation even in small doses. In coagulation unit, jar
test in only done at the beginning of planning. In the flocculation unit, anionic polymer 5% is
added to combine the flocs that have formed in the coagulation unit so the floc size is bigger and
easier to settle down.
An important design parameter in the coagulation and flocculation unit is gradient velocity
of mixer. This is because the gradient velocity of mixer can affect the effectiveness of floc forming
and precipitation. The gradient velocity of mixer can be calculated using Equation 2.
P
G = √μ×V … (2)

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 Mixing power (P) of coagulation and flocculation is 750 W, water absolut viscosity (𝜇) is
0,00086 Ns/m2, and water volume is 4 m3 (coagulation unit) and 64 m3 (flocculation unit). Using
Equation 2, the gradient velocity of mixing process in coagulation is 466,930 /s and in flocculation
is 116,732 /s. the G value required for coagulation is 600 – 1000 /s and for flocculation is 10 –
70/s. Modification of the G value is required to meet the design criteria by raising or lowering the
mixer rotation speed. The rotation speed of mixer coagulant should be increased from 68 rpm to
166 – 233 rpm. While the rotation speed of mixer flocculant should be lowered from 48 rpm to 27
– 40 rpm.
After passing through the coagulation and flocculation unit, water will enters to
sedimentation unit. In the sedimentation unit, water is treated using lamella plate settler
technology. The functions of plate settler are to increase laminarity and stability of water flow in
sedimentation basin. An important parameter in this unit is surface loading rate (So). The So value
in this unit is 5,5 m/hour. The So value has met the design criteria of SNI 6774:2008, ie 5 – 8,8
m/hour. After passing through the sedimentation unit, water will enters to filtration unit and clean
water from the processing process will be accommodated in filtered water. In the filtration unit,
there is physico-chemical process to separate suspended particles and colloidal particles in water
through a porous media. The type of filtration that occurs in WTP 3 is rapid sand filter with single
media filter of silica sand. Important parameters in the evaluation of the filtration unit are backwash
period and percentage of filter media expansion. The backwash period that is too fast indicates that
the pores of media often occurred clogged by solids in the treated water so it must be done the
backwash process. The backwash period is 5 hours and the expansion height of media is 10 cm.
so the percentage of filter media expansion is 16,667 %. The percentage of filter media expansion
should be in the range of 20 – 50 %. So it needs to increase the expansion heigh of media.
The clean water from WTP 3 is distributed to costumers using pumping system. The clean
water distribution pattern applied in MM2100 is combined pattern, namely branch and loop
patterns. This pattern is suitable to be applied in MM2100 due to irregular service area location
and there are road networks which are not related to each other in certain parts.

CONCLUSIONS
1. The raw water from Kalimalang River is transmitted from intake 2 to WTP 3 with a
pumping system. In the water transmission system, various accessories are installed, such
as check valve, air valve, flexible joint, elbow 45o, bend 90o, elbow 22,5o, elbow 22o,elbow
11,25o, and elbow 70o. The residual head value from the calculation is 1,907 m of water
column. This value is considered sufficient to transmit the raw water to WTP 3.
2. The raw water quality has met the quality standard based on Provincial Governor SK 1
West Java No. 38 year 1991 and water quality in each unit of WTP 3 has met the quality
standard based on Minister of Health Regulation No. 416/MEN.KES/PER/IX/1990.
Overall removal efficiency of turbidity in WTP 3 reaches more than 90%. The units that
need to be modified are coagulation and flocculation by increasing or lowering the rotation
value of mixing speed.
3. The clean water distribution pattern in MM2100 Industrial Town is combined pattern,
namely branch and loop patterns.

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RECOMMENDATIONS

Jar test should be done periodically, for example two times a day to obtain optimum
coagulant dose. The stirring speed in coagulation unit should be increased to 166 – 233 rpm and
should be reduced in flocculation unit to 27 – 40 rpm. Single media filter used can be replaced
with multimedia so it can increase lifetime of filter media and reduce the frequency of backwash.

REFERENCES

Kawamura, Susumu. 1991. Integrated Design Of Water Treatment Facilities. USA: John Wiley &
Sons, Inc.
Minister of Health Regulation No. 416/MEN.KES/PER/IX/1990 About Water Quality
Requirements and Supervision.
Provincial Governor SK 1 West Java No. 38 year 1991 About Water Allotment and Water Quality
Standards in West Java Water Resources.
SNI 6774: 2008 About Procedures of Planning Water Treatment Plant Unit Package