Design of Retention System for the proposed PLT, Blue Area, Islamabad

Secant Pile Design Summary (Two Rows)-For Western Side

Pile diameter 0.60 m

C/C spacing of piles 1.05 m
Clear spacing between piles 0.45 m
Soil friction angle () = 0 deg
Drained shear strength 60 kPa
3
Unit weight of soil () = 20 kN/m
Traffic Surcharge 0 ft
Earth Surcharge 0 ft
Building surcharge 0 kPa
Anchor inclination 20 deg
Rows of Anchors 2
C/C spacing of anchors = 1.0625 m
Diameter for anchor bore hole 100 mm
Factor for Prestressing 0.6
FOS for grout body length 2
FOS for Embedded Length 2

Parameter Row-1 Row-2 Row-3

Design Load (kN) 105 88 N/A
No. of strands/anchor 1 1 N/A
Minimum length of grout body (m) 2.63 2.19 N/A 8.63 7.19
Provide (m) 4.00 4.00 13.12 13.12
Minimum Unbonded Length (m) 10.60 6.75 N/A 34.77 22.14
Provide (m) 13.00 8.00 42.64 26.24
Embedded Length off Pile ((m)) 1.00
Provided (m) 6.00

Anchor
capping beam
Pile 4.75 m
Anchors Row-1

Row-1 4.75 m

20.18 m

Anchors Row-2

Row-2 4.68 m

Excavation Level

6.0 m
Not to scale

Notes:
1 Performance and Proof Load Tests must be performed as per FHWA recommendations
before putting the anchors into services
2 Above design is temporary system and time period of temporary system is commonly stated to be 18 to 36 months which can be
shorter or longer based on actual project conditions

(Prof. Dr. Aziz Akbar)

 Project: Design of Retention System for the proposed PLT, Blue Area, Islamabad

Designed by: Dr. Aziz Akbar For Western Side only

Geotechnical Engineering Circular No.4 'Ground Anchors and Anchored Systems', (June 
Design Approach
1999), U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration

Input Data

Depth of Excavation = H = 14.178 m

Surcharge Load q s  = 0 KN/m2

Soil unit weight = γ soil = 20 KN/m3

Drained Shear Strength Su = 60 kPa

Proposed Dia of Pile = 0.6 m

Proposed c/c spacing of Piles (Sp)        = 1.05 m

PCC RCC PCC RCC PCC RCC

1.0625 m
c/c spacing of anchors
Proposed spacing of Anchors (S h)  = 1.0625 m

Concrete Strength = f c '= 21 MPA

Steel Strength = fy = 250 MPA

Soil type = Silty‐Clay

Relative Density/SPT blows = Hard (21‐40)

No of Anchors to be used = 2

H1 = 4.75 m H2  = 4.75 m H3  = 4.68 m H4  = 0.00 m

H5 = 0m H6 = 0m

Inclination of Anchor = θ= 20 ◦ Hn+1= H3  = 4.678 m

Design Out put
d  = 0.6
Embedment Length = 1m

Selected Pile Dia = 0.6 m

c/c spacing of Piles = 1.05 m 10#8

1st Anchor's Bonded Length = BL1 = 2.63 m

1st Anchor's Unbonded Length = UBL1 = 10.60 m

2nd Anchor's Bonded Length = BL2 = 2.19 m

2nd Anchor's Unbonded Length = UBL2 = 6.75 m

No of Strands provided in 1st anchor = 1

No of Strands provided in 2nd anchor = 1

Design Calculations

Step‐1 2/3H1

Pressure Calculations TH1 3.17

4Su
KA 1 m 7.89
H
= 0.1536 TH2

Pressure due to Soil 2/3Hn+1

3.12
0 . 30 K  H 2
P  A

e H H Pe Ps
H  1  n 1
3 3

= 16.79 KN/m2

Pressure due to Surcharge

ps  K A qs = 0.00 KN/m2

Horizontal Anchor Loads

For Doubly Anchored

2 H   H 
TH1   H1  2  Pe  H1  2  Ps = 93.0 KN/m 6.37 k/ft
3 2  2

H 23  H H 
TH 2   2  H 3  Pe   2  3  Ps = 77.5 KN/m 5.31 k/ft
 2 48   2 2 
Anchor Design

Anchor Design Loads & Bonded Length

Estimated Anchorage = 80 KN/m F.O.S= 2

TH 1 S A
DL 1  = 105.2 KN Bond Length Required = BL1 = 2.63 m
Cos 
TH 2 S A
DL 2  = 87.639 KN Bond Length Required = BL2 = 2.191 m
Cos 

Design of Unbonded Length

Larger of 

i) Distance up to Failure plane plus 1.5 m or 0.2H m

ii) 4.5m
4.75 m ce
urfa
UBL1 = 10.6 m S
re
ilu
(UBL) Fa
14.178 m

4.75 m

10.6 m
UBL2 = 6.75 m

(UBL)
6.75 m 0.2H = 2.835 m
4.68 m

45 o

Strand Design

Area of Strand (0.5inch Dia)  = 98.7 mm2

For Grade 270,Ultimate Tensile stress, fu   = 1860 N/mm2

Fraction of Ultimate Strand to be used  = 0.6

Allowable prestressing anchor force per Strand        = 0.6fuAs

= 110.15 KN

1st Anchor Load = 105.2 KN

Required No. of Strands, n = 0.9551

Provide Number of Strands = 1

2nd Anchor Load = 87.639 KN

Required No. of Strands, n = 0.7956

Provide Number of Strands = 1
Design of Embedment Length

Factor of safety = 2

Embedment Length Selected   = 1m

For detailed Calculations see "Embedment Length Clay" Sheet

Structural Design of Piles/Soldier Beams

Singly Anchored Piles

2
13 2 H
M1  H 1 Pe  1 Ps
54 2
= N/A KN‐m

Point of Zero Shear
x
1
9

26 H 2  52 HH 1 
= N/A m
2
R HPe  H Ps  T1
3
= N/A KN/m

Mid‐Span Moment = M ms  Rx 
Pe .x 3 Px

 s H 2  H 1  x.H 2
4H  H 1  2 H 2
2 2

= N/A KN‐m

Multi Anchored Piles

2
13 2 H
M1  H 1 Pe  1 Ps
54 2
= 91.2 KN‐M/M

M2 
1
H 2,3,4 2 Pe  Ps 
10
= 37.88 KN‐M/M
Max. Moment = 91.196 KN‐M/M = 20.493 Kip‐ft/ft

Design Moment= Max. moment x C/C Spacing of Soldier Piles x 1.6

112.96 Kip‐ft

*Nominal Capacity of 2ft dia Pile (with 10‐#8 bars evenly distributed around parameter)

at Zero Axial Load other than self weight is as under

ФMn=  256 Kip-ft *(See Capacity Calculations Attached)

Mu/ФMn  = 44% OK
 Embedment Length Calculations using WANG‐REES (1986) Method (Clays)

Design of Retention System for the proposed PLT, Blue Area, Islamabad

Unit Weight of soil () = 20 KN/m3

Height of soldier beam above final excavation level (H) = 14.2 m

Drilled shaft diamater (b) = 0.6 m

Drilled Shaft C/C Spacing (S) = 1.05 m

Clear Spacing B/w drilled shafts (Sc) = 0.45 m

Su   = 60 kPa

 Hn 1  H 
Subgrade Reaction force ( R ) =
  pe   n 1  p s = 39.27 KN/m
 2   2 

Wedge  Wedge 
Rankine  Minimum 
   Scr   Resistance  Resistance Group  Flow Resistance       Total Passive  Factor of 
Toe Depth Continuous  WANG‐REES 
WANG REES 
(E B 9)
(Eq.B‐9) Sigle Pile        Effect       (Eq‐B‐ EEq‐B‐12
B 12 FForce (W‐R)
(W R) SSafety
f t
(Eq. B‐13) Resistance
(Eq‐B‐8) 10)
(m)  (KN/m)  (KN/m)  (KN/m) (KN/m)  (KN/m)  (KN/m)

0 126.00 0.00 72.00 153.00 120.00 72.00 0.00 0

0.5 136.50 0.23 162.90 163.50 130.00 130.00 50.50 1.29

1 147.00 0.45 253.80 174.00 140.00 140.00 118.00 3.00

1.5 157.50 0.65 344.70 184.50 150.00 150.00 190.50 4.85

2 168.00 0.85 435.60 195.00 160.00 160.00 268.00 6.82

2.5 178.50 1.04 526.50 205.50 170.00 170.00 350.50 8.93

3 189.00 1.21 617.40 216.00 180.00 180.00 438.00 11.15

3.5 199.50 1.38 708.30 226.50 190.00 190.00 530.50 13.51

4 210.00 1.54 799.20 237.00 200.00 200.00 628.00 15.99