Hiland Crude Gauging Manual PDF

GAUGING MANUAL
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Table of Contents
GAUGERS SUMMARY 4
PRE-DEPARTURE CHECKS 4
PROCEDURE FOR GAUGING TANKS 6
REFUSING A TANK 12
OIL REFUSAL POLICY 12
TANK TEMPERATURE 13
THERMOMETER INSPECTION 13
LARGE TANKS 13
SMALL TANKS 14
TANK SAMPLING 15
SAMPLING DEPTHS 15
SAMPLING THE TANK 16
Upper Sample 16
Middle Sample 17
Outlet Sample 20
GAUGING 23
OPENING GAUGE 23
CLOSING GAUGE 24
QUALITY TESTING 25
PARAFFIN CRUDE 28
DEMULSIFIERS 28
PUMP OPERATION 29
TIMER OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 30
IMPORTANCE OF TIMERS 30
TIMERS 32
Mechanical Timer: Intermatic Model T1975 32
Digital Timer: Tork Model E201B 33
Triangle Programmed Timers 34
CRUDE NET HANDHELD 36
MAIN HANDHELD PROGRAM QUICK REFERENCE 37

HANDHELD – DAILY ROUTINE 53
LEASE LACT METER TICKETS 55
DESTINATIONS FOR HANDHELD TICKETS - MONTANA 56
DESTINATIONS FOR HANDHELD TICKETS - NORTH DAKOTA 57
CLOSING TANKS THAT HAVE NOT PUMPED 58
GENERAL BUSINESS 58
FIRST DAY OF THE MONTH 58
CONTACTS FOR HELP WITH TICKETS 59
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CHECKING THE BATTERY STATUS 61
CONNECTING TO THE PRINTER 62
EMPLOYEE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FORM 66
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Gaugers Summary
The term gauging is used to describe the process of measuring the height of the crude in a
storage tank, as well as other related activities that determine both the quality and quantity of
crude in the tank. A gauger’s task is to determine both the quality and quantity of crude oil
through gauging, sampling, and gravity, temperature, and volume determination. Tank gauging
is an essential element of inventory control, custody transfer, and leak detection operations.
Pre-departure Checks
When you report to work and before you proceed to a lease, you are responsible for conducting
an equipment inspection. It must include the following:
All crude oil gauging and test equipment is present, clean, operating correctly, and properly
stored in designated locations on the unit.
The gauger carrying tray contains:

 "modified” 16-inch clear barrel thief
 woodback thermometer
 gauging tape and bob
 two clean, 6” cone shaped, 200 milliliter centrifuge tubes
 tube of "KolorKut"
 rags
 UL approved flashlight
 two 16 ounce plastic bottles
The storage boxes must contain:

 working centrifuge and sample heater
 two additional clean 6” cone shaped, 200 milliliter centrifuge tubes
 hydrometers
 1 3/8" hydrometer cylinder
 disk (dial) thermometer
 supply of clean solvent
 ample clean rags
The 'portable desk' must contain:

 CrudeNet portable handheld computer
 printer
 a supply of perforated ticket stock
 tank seals
 black ball point pens
 sharpened pencils with erasers
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 other forms and scratch pads
 as backup to the handheld computer, carry a small supply of preprinted
(handwritten) Crude Run Tickets
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Procedure for Gauging Tanks
The following diagram illustrates a summary for the procedure of gauging a tank.
SUSPENDED TANK THERMOMETER
Midpoint of the column
TAKE UPPER SAMPLE
Used to determine BS+W of the tank
TAKE MIDDLE SAMPLE
Record observed gravity and temperature using

thermohydrometer
TAKE OUTLET SAMPLE
Used to determine BS+W of the tank
One operation with

modified thief
DETERMINE FREE WATER & SEDIMENT LEVEL
Must be at least 4" less than the tank outlet

height
Take opening gauge at reference height
Read tank thermometer – nearest /°F
Test samples for % S&W and compute average
Accept or reject the oil
Pump crude into the pipeline
Take closing gauge at reference point and check

reference height
Prepare and distribute measurement ticket
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Tank Gauging Summary
1. Be sure the conditions are safe.

a. If there is lightning or severe thunderstorms approaching or already in the
area, wait until the weather improves and you consider it safe to proceed.
b. Make sure the ladders and catwalk are safe.
2. When you arrive at the lease site, check that you:

a. are at the right lease location
b. know from which tanks you are authorized to remove crude
Compare the numbers painted on the tanks with the numbers on the Gauger's
Description Sheet or Listing. If you have any doubt, contact your scheduler for
additional information before you begin to transport the crude.
3. Walk around the tanks and thoroughly inspect the facility and all connecting pipelines
for crude leaks. Check the valves on the overflow lines, transfer lines and draw-off
lines. Be sure all valves are closed tightly. Exception: It may be a producer’s
practice to leave equalizer valves open. Hiland Crude does not change the position
of the equalizer valves.
4. Be sure that the valve on the incoming flow line to the tank is closed, and additionally
sealed if this is a local practice. The producer's representative must close this valve.
Exception: Prior arrangements may exist between Hiland Crude and the producer to
close the valve and gather the crude. Your supervisor will notify you of these prior
arrangements. If the valve is not closed and no prior arrangements exist, do not pick
up the crude oil.
5. Proceed to the gauger's platform on top of the tank. Ground yourself as you climb the
tank by running your hand along the ladder's hand rail as you ascend.
6. Standing upwind, open the tank gauge access hatch cautiously and observe the oil
surface (use the flashlight if necessary). If H2S is present, wear an approved
breathing apparatus and follow all Hiland safety procedures. If the oil is boiling or
foaming (not stilled), or if this action occurs when the plumb bob breaks the surface
of the oil, the tank has been filled or circulated recently. Do not gather the oil until the
tank surface is clean. Exception: The oil may be gathered under Hiland Rules and
Regulations, FERC 1.2 Item 70 and subsequent versions thereof. If this is done, mark
“GREEN OIL” in the remarks section.
7. Lower the woodback (cup-case) thermometer on a cotton cord through the tank's thief
hatch, holding the thermometer at least 12 inches from the side of the tank shell to the
midpoint of the oil volume to be gathered. To expedite temperature equilibration,
raise and lower the thermometer through a distance of 2 feet for 2 minutes. Tie off
and leave the thermometer in the tank for a minimum of five minutes. See ‘Tank
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Temperature’ section on page 13 for more information.
8. Hiland Crude follows the "column of oil" gathering concept. This means that you run
(work) the stilled oil in the tank sequentially from the oil surface downward during
the sampling and gauging process.
9. Take an upper sample from the middle of the upper one-third of the tank contents
using a bottom closure modified clear barrel thief. Transfer the upper sample into a
16 ounce plastic bottle by pouring the crude oil through the modified thief's #2 spigot
valve. Secure the cap on the plastic bottle and place it in the gauger's tray for later
testing. See ‘Tank Sampling Procedures” on page 15 for more information.
10. Take a middle sample from the mid-point of the middle third of the tank contents.
a. Hang the thief on the inside of the gauge hatch to test the sample.
b. Insert a thermo hydrometer into the thief. Determine the temperature and API
gravity of the oil and record the readings. See ‘Tank Sampling Procedures’ on
page 16 for more information.
c. Pour remaining liquid back into the tank.
11. Use a modified thief to take the outlet and crude merchantability samples
simultaneously. Extend the trip rod 4 inches which is commonly used for a twelve
inch outlet only, anything greater or less than twelve inches must be compensated
accordingly. Lower the thief to the tank bottom. Collect a combined outlet clearance
sample. To determine if the tank's water bottom height satisfies the merchantability
conditions, remove from the tank and position the thief, now filled with the outlet
sample, between a good light source and a level line of sight. Examine the contents to
locate the free water and sediment height tank level. The total height is the sum of the
distance where the "cut" line crosses the thief's linear scale plus the amount the thief's
tension rod is out. Transfer the outlet sample to a second 16 ounce plastic bottle by
pouring the crude oil through the thief's #2 spigot valve. Secure the cap on the plastic
bottle and place it in the gauger's tray.
Note: If the free water and sediment height tank level cannot be seen clearly in the
modified thief, hook the thief containing the outlet sample to the inside of the tank
access hatch lip and proceed to read the opening gauge. At the same time you read
this gauge, verify the tank's water bottom height using water finding paste. See ‘Tank
Gauging” section on page 23 for more information.
12. Take the opening gauge.
a. If necessary, prepare the gauge tape by coating the tape bob with water finding
paste. Place a small amount of water finding paste from the tip of the gauge
tape upward over the tape swivel to about the 12 inch mark on the tape.
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b. Carefully lower the bob, insuring that the gauge tape stays in contact
with the access hatch lip during lowering to prevent sparking as the bob
enters the fluid.
c. During this process, the tape and bob must not deviate from the vertical when
reaching the tank bottom or datum plane. Use the known gauge height to
estimate when the bob should reach bottom.
d. If using a water finding paste, leave the tape and bob in the liquid long enough
for the paste to react with the water. (usually 20 – 30 seconds).
e. Read and record the opening (top) gauge to the nearest 1/4 inch.
f. Reel the tape to within the last foot; read and record the free water (water cut
level to the nearest inch. This is the position on the lower portion of the coated
tape where the paste color, shows a change. Record this water-cut level.
g. If the tank water bottom height does not meet the required merchantability
requirements below the bottom of the field tank’s outlet line, ‘turn down’ the
tank. See ‘Oil Refusal Procedure’ section on page 12 for more information.
h. Take a second opening gauge to ensure that the top gauge readings are
consistent. If the two readings agree, record this value as the opening gauge
on the measurement ticket. If the two readings do not agree, repeat the
procedure until you get two consecutive readings that agree.
i. When you have completed the opening gauge, clean the gauge tape and bob
thoroughly before putting it away.
13. Withdraw the woodback (cup-case) thermometer from the tank and read and record
the temperature to the nearest degree Fahrenheit (to the nearest 0.10 Fahrenheit when
digital thermometers are used). The thermometer must be in the tank a minimum of
five minutes.
14. Return excess oil to tank and clean up any oil spillage from around the gauge hatch or
tank platform, wipe off your equipment and place it on the gauger's tray.
15. Return to the vehicle with all equipment and perform the BS&W centrifuge test to
affirm that the oil is merchantable before you break the tank outlet pipe's seal. See
‘Quality Testing’ section on page 25 for more information. After completing the test
return the excess crude oil to the tank.
It is the accepted practice for crude oil custody transfer to take place when the oil
being gathered passes through the lease tank's outlet header flange. Be sure that, prior
to that event, the crude quality is always known to be completely acceptable.
16. Accept or Reject the oil See ‘Oil Refusal Procedure’ on page 12 for more
information.
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17. If the quality of the crude oil meets the requirements of merchantable oil;
a. Break and remove the seal on the tank valve to the pipeline. Enter the number of
‘Seal Off’ on ticket.
b. Slowly open the tank valve and go to the lease pump skid. Check the skid for any
sign of leaks, oil level of pump and engine, condition of the drive belt, and the
fuel level of the engine if applicable.
18. Start the lease pump. Check for leaks. If the pump is required to start on a timer,
start the pump to check for proper operation, then set the timer.
If a producer representative is present to witness the custody transfer, obtain his

signature to attest the 1st (top) gauge and associated quality tests and lease descriptive
data on the ticket.
Closing out the Tank

When the tank pumps down to approximately the 1’ 6” level, the lease pump will shut
down due to low level kill in the volume pot.
1. Close the lease tank outlet valve.
2. On handwritten tickets, record the time "off'. The handheld computers record time off
automatically.
3. Place a seal on the field tank's outlet valve. Record the seal number on the ticket.
4. Inspect the pump and lease tank connections and make sure no leaks have occurred in
the tank area.
5. At the top of the tank, determine the temperature of the liquid remaining in the tank,
and take two innage closing gauges to the nearest ¼” or until consistent
measurements are obtained. Return any excessive oil from the sampling process
to the tank. Record the results close the hatch, wipe up any crude drips.
6. Before leaving the top of the tank, break all special seals on equalizing or other
incoming lines to the lease tank, but do not open any valves there.
7. Return all equipment to the gauger's tray or truck storage.

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8. Complete the run ticket by entering the closing gauge, the time "off', and the "on" seal
number. Record the number of estimated barrels on all run ticket copies. The
handheld computer will record net bbls automatically.
9. Proof read the ticket thoroughly to ensure all sections to be recorded are complete.
10. Obtain the signature of the lease operator, if present, in the "off' section of the ticket.
11. Leave a copy of the run ticket at the lease site. There usually is a mail box for the
ticket near the tank ladder. Keep the remaining copies of the run ticket together and
inside the truck's metal run ticket container until the end of your shift.
12. Before leaving, walk around the pickup, check that tools are secure; all equipment is
in its proper storage area, nothing is left under the pickup, and all compartments are
closed.
ReStarts
In the event the tank pump has shut down and the tank has not been fully pumped, then
the lease pump went down for some reason other than low suction. Attempt to determine
the reason the pump went down. The pump may have gone down due to electrical power
failure, fuel supply interruption, etc., and no maintenance or repair is necessary. If no
issues are apparent, the gauger may initiate a restart. First, close out the current ticket
according to the ‘Shutting off a tank’ section and then restart the tank following the “to
turn on a tank” instructions above.
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Refusing a Tank
A principle objective of Lease Acquisitions is to purchase merchantable oil from our producing
partners. Sometimes a producer new to Hiland Crude requires time and explanation to become
familiar with our gathering policies. Primarily, Hiland Crude does not purchase crude from tanks
with high water bottoms or from sites with other unacceptable conditions such as an
unacceptable high BS&W, and unsafe tank ladders or access roads. Your challenge is to help the
producer to meet our standards without losing the business.
Establishing productive customer-supplier (producer-buyer) relations is critical and must happen

early in the relationship. Careful and thorough explanation of our crude merchantability
requirements, how our Tank Refusal procedure works, and our need to understand the producer's
requirements are fundamental steps in the process.
Oil Refusal Policy
Prepare an oil refusal ticket on those lease or bulk field tanks when you determine the crude is
not merchantable; that is, tank water bottoms are too high, the BS&W% volume exceeds
governing limits, or there are safety, property access or other concerns necessitating Hiland's
temporary refusal to ship the oil. In applying this policy, use good judgment.
According to the Hiland Crude rules and regulations, no crude petroleum will be accepted for
gathering and/or transportation except merchantable Crude Petroleum which contains not more
than one half percent (1/2%) of basic sediment, water, and other impurities, no more than two
tenths of one percent (0.2%) of which is water, and above a point four inches (4”) below the pipe
line connection with the tank form which it enters Hiland’s facilities and has a temperature not in
excess of one hundred and twenty degrees (120) Fahrenheit. In other words, if you have a tank
with 0.6% BS&W, the tank would be rejected. If you have a tank with 0.3% water, the tank
would be rejected. You can have 0.2% water, and 0.3% basic sediment, for a total of 0.5% and
the tank would be acceptable.
On initial oil refusal situations, give some benefit of the doubt to the seller, especially to new
business partners. However, remember the seller has a mutual responsibility to have his crude
in a merchantable condition when he requests a crude oil pickup. Be clear about Hiland's
quality requirements. Good up front communication between Hiland Crude (scheduler and
gauger) and the producer goes a long way to avoid a reject ticket.
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Tank Temperature
Tank temperature is the temperature of the crude oil in the tank; not the temperature taken in
connection with the observed API gravity test made on the composite sample. Oil is traded in the
marketplace on the basis of its volume at 60 F. Oil expands when heated and contracts when
cooled. Since crude oil is seldom at 60 F for very long, it is important that the actual
temperature be measured accurately in order to calculate volume accurately.
The thermometer should remain in the crude for a minimum of 5 minutes. Always read the
thermometer as soon as it emerges from the crude layer; do not pour any oil from the
thermometer cup until you read the temperature. Record the temperature to the nearest whole
degree Fahrenheit (to the nearest 0.10 F on digital thermometers). When you are finished, pour
the oil back into the tank and wipe off the thermometer.
Thermometer Inspection
A designated Hiland Crude employee in your area will inspect all wood-back thermometers in
the gauger kits regularly to ensure mercury columns are continuous and functioning. At least
once per quarter, this person compares the truck thermometers to the area's master thermometer
as an accuracy check. This check is made by placing the working thermometer next to the
master thermometer for a minimum of 15 minutes to validate the room temperature readings. If
the temperature readings are different, we must acquire a new thermometer for the gauger.
At least annually, the designated employee makes a more comprehensive check of working
wood-back thermometers at temperature extremes by placing the master thermometer and
working thermometers together in a container of ice water and then in boiling water. Any
thermometer that does not align with the master thermometer is discarded and replaced.
The annual thermometer verification is recorded in the area records for subsequent operation
reviews.
Large Tanks
If you pick up crude from a 5,000+ barrel capacity tank, more than one temperature reading may
be necessary depending on the depth of the crude in the tank:
Depth of Crude Number of Temperature Readings

Greater than 15 feet Three Readings:
1. Three feet from the top of the crude layer.
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2. In the mid-point.
3. Three feet from the tank bottom.
Record the average of these readings as the tank temperature.
Between 10-15 feet Two Readings:

1. Three feet below the oil surface.
2. Three feet above the tank bottom.
Record the average.
Less than 10 feet One reading taken in the mid-point of the oil column.
Small Tanks
For crude oil tanks over 10 feet in height and with a capacity of less than 5,000 barrels,
record one temperature measurement taken at the middle of the oil column.
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Tank Sampling Procedures
We normally take crude samples for two purposes:
a) to determine the observed API gravity, temperature, the amount of suspended water and
sediment (SW&S) content in the merchantable portion of the crude in the storage tank.
b) to locate the position of the tank's settled free water and sediment (FW&S) or water
bottom level.
Sampling Depths
Use the 16" clear barrel thief modified with spigot spring valves to take all samples at the four-
and eight-inch barrel marker. When sampling a tank, do not contaminate the "oil column" under
the tank gauge hatch; take the tank temperature, upper sample, middle sample, outlet sample,
and water bottom height, and gauges in order from the top of the tank downward.
HATCH
X UPPER SAMPLE (U) UPPER THIRD
TANK CONTENT
X MIDDLE SAMPLE (M) MIDDLE THIRD
OUTLET
LOWER THIRD
X OUTLET SAMPLE (O)
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Sampling the Tank
Upper Sample
The upper sample is utilized to determine the sediment and water of the tank.
To take the upper sample:
1. Determine how far the mid-point U of the upper third of the tank’s crude level is
below the tank access hatch reference point (often painted on top of the tank or the
gauge tape over the side of the tank):
a. E – B = A
b. A ÷ 3 = C (thickness of upper 1/3 of the tank’s crude level)
c. C ÷ 2 = D (mid-point of the upper third; upper sample)
HATCH
REFERENCE POINT
D
C X UPPER SAMPLE (U) UPPER THIRD
E
A X MIDDLE SAMPLE (M) MIDDLE THIRD
OUTLET
LOWER THIRD
X OUTLET SAMPLE (O)
Figure 1 – Determine Upper Sample
Lower the “cocked” thief into the tank so the thief’s mid-point (#2 spigot valve) is at the
midpoint of the upper third of the tank’s crude level. This obtains an equal amount of sample on
either side of the upper sample point. Trip the thief to capture a piece of the oil column; this is
the upper sample.
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HATCH
REFERENCE
POINT
TOP LAYER OF CRUDE
SPIGOT D
VALVES
#2 UPPER THIRD SAMPLE
#1 LOCATION (U)
UPPER UPPER
X SAMPLE (U) THIRD
MIDDLE MIDDLE
X SAMPLE (M) THIRD
LOWER
OUTLET OUTLET THIRD
X SAMPLE (O)
Figure 2 - Upper Sample
Gently retrieve the thief and wipe off the excess oil from its outside. Transfer the upper sample
into a 16 ounce plastic bottle (labeled upper sample) through the thief’s #2 spigot valve. Secure
the cap on the plastic bottle and place it in the gauger’s tray for later testing.
Middle Sample
The middle sample is taken to obtain the observed gravity and temperature.
To take the middle sample:
1. Using similar math method used for upper sample, determine how far the mid-point of
the middle third of the tank’s crude level is below the tank access hatch reference point
(often painted on top of the tank or the gauge tape over the side of the tank). You have
already determined length C and length D; therefore, mid-point of middle sample is C +
D = M (mid-point of middle third sample)
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HATCH
REFERENCE POINT
D
C X UPPER SAMPLE (U) UPPER THIRD
E
D
A X MIDDLE SAMPLE (M) MIDDLE THIRD
OUTLET
LOWER THIRD
X OUTLET SAMPLE (O)
The API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Stands (MPMS), Chapter 9 – “Standard

Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and
Liquid Petroleum Products by Thermohydrometer Method” is the reference for this
section.
2. For field testing, a sample thief of suitable dimensions may be more convenient for
measuring observed gravity and sample temperature than a hydrometer cylinder. The
liquid level shall be level with the top of the thief.
3. Select the thermo-hydrometer with the API gravity degree range suitable for the crude
to be tested. Gently lower the hydrometer into the sample. Remove any air bubbles
and press the hydrometer approximately two scale divisions into the crude and release
it. Keep the rest of the hydrometer stem dry, as excess crude on the stem changes the
effective weight of the instrument and affects the reading.
4. With samples of low viscosity, a slight spin on the hydrometer when you release it
assists in bringing it to rest. Allow the hydrometer to become completely stationary,
floating freely away from the walls of the hydrometer cylinder and all bubbles have
risen to the surface. Begin the readings as soon as the temperature on the hydrometer
stabilizes; usually from three to five minutes.
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5. Read the hydrometer scale for the observed API gravity to the nearest 0.1 degree
gravity scale division. The correct reading is that point at which the surface of the
liquid cuts the scale.
When measuring opaque (non-transparent) crude, observe the measure with the eye slightly above
the plane of the surface of the crude. This reading at the top of the meniscus requires correction
since hydrometers are calibrated to be read at the principal surface of the liquid: on opaque
crudes, reduce the reading by 0.1 degree API gravity.
Figure 3 - Hydrometer Reading for Opaque Fluids
When measuring clear, condensate type crudes observe the measure with the eye slightly below
the level of the crude and slowly raise your eye level until the surface, first seen as a distorted
eclipse, appears to cut the hydrometer scale. No API gravity correction is needed.
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Figure 4 - Hydrometer Reading for Transparent Fluids
6. To take the observed temperature of the gravity sample, as distinguished from the tank
temperature already recorded, withdraw the hydrometer until the thermometer scale is
exposed.
Make sure that the hydrometer tip remains in the sample and never withdraw the
instrument completely when reading the temperature.
7. Read and record the temperature to the nearest degree 1° F (to the nearest .5 F
where possible). Keep the temperature constant and the sample protected from the
wind. The temperature of the surrounding medium must not vary more than 5 F
during this testing.
Outlet Sample
The outlet sampler is obtained to determine the sediment and water in the lower portion of the
tank.
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When you take the outlet sample, you also determine the FW&S level (free water and
sediment; tank water bottom height). If the FW&S height does not meet the crude
merchantability requirement you must "turn down" the crude oil.
Because the sampling depths for outlet sample and the FW&S level are usually close to
one another, you can accomplish both tasks at the same time. Use the modified 16”
clear-barrel thief with spring spigots at the 4 inch and 8” positions.
To take the outlet sample:

1. Secure the thief’s extension rod four inches (4”) below the thief’s slide or butterfly
valve bottom. Thief extension rods are marked in quarter-inch increments. (Other
rod extension positions may be necessary, depending on the height of the tank’s outlet
pipe bottom or other tank bottom characteristics.)
1'0" OUTLET PIPE

BOTTOM HEIGHT
GAUGE TAPE
16" THIEF WITH BOB
4" UPPER UPPER

X SAMPLE (U) THIRD
#2
4"
MIDDLE MIDDLE
X SAMPLE (M) THIRD
#1 2"
1'0"
2" LOWER
WATER OUTLET
6" X THIRD
BOTTOM 4" SAMPLE (O)
4" THIEF TANK BOTTOM

EXTENSION ROD
1'4" OUTLET PIPE

BOTTOM HEIGHT
GAUGE TAPE
16" THIEF WITH BOB
4" UPPER UPPER

X SAMPLE (U) THIRD
#2
4"
MIDDLE MIDDLE
X SAMPLE (M) THIRD
#1 2"
1'4"
2" LOWER
WATER OUTLET
10" X THIRD
BOTTOM 6" SAMPLE (O)
6" THIEF TANK BOTTOM

EXTENSION ROD
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2. With the thief's main slide (bottom) or rotating valve open, lower the thief as far from
the tank wall as possible to the tank bottom; then raise it slightly off the bottom and
lower it with enough force to trip the slide valve closed. Do not let the thief deviate
from its vertical position (cotton drop line go slack); this disturbs the oil column and
can cause an erroneous reading.
3. Retrieve the thief, wipe it off and position it vertically between a good light source
and a level line of sight. Determine if the FW&S complies with the mandatory
clearance distance below the bottom of the tank outlet pipe. Tanks with an acceptable
FW&S level (no more than 4” below outlet height) usually do not have a high
suspended water and sediment. (SW&S)
4. If the tank bottoms test of the front hatch shows S&W within 5 inches of the outlet,
Hiland reserves the right to inspect bottom buildup from the hatch to any designated
location inside the tank, in order to meet the outlet clearance requirement.
a. If the FW&S is acceptable, add (in ¼. inches) the FW&S vertical distance on the
thief’s barrel scale and the amount the thief's trip rod was extended. Record the
sum in the S&W in the Bottoms field of the run ticket. If the FW&S level cannot
be determined by observation in the thief’s barrel, see ‘Tank Gauging’ section on
page 23.
b. If FW&S is not acceptable, turn the tank down; use the oil refusal procedure and
always remember to document the reason for your decision on the comments
section of the refusal ticket.
5. Transfer the outlet sample to a second 16 ounce plastic bottle (labeled outlet sample)
through the thief's #2 spigot valve. Secure the cap on the plastic bottle and place it in
the gauger's tray for later testing.
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Gauging
Gauging is the measuring of the height of the oil in the tank. This is done with the gauger tape,
which is graduated every 1/4 of an inch and has a brass, serrated bob. Be sure the bob’s point is
not blunted due to continued use. Discard any tape if it is damaged (broken, kinked, scratched,
etc.)
Opening Gauge
To determine the opening gauge:

1. Prepare the lower end of the gauge tape and bob with water indicating paste.
2. After making sure that the oil surface is still (free from foam and bubbles), take the
opening tank gauge by lowering the clean gauge line slowly through the hatch until
the bob slightly touches the tank bottom.
Warning
To avoid the possibility of oil vapor ignition from static electricity; always
keep the metal measuring tape in contact with the hatch coaming during
raising and lowering.
Do not permit the gauge line to go slack, allowing the bob to deviate from the
vertical and causing a distorted reading.
3. Always take gauge readings from the same tank hatch and the established gauging
reference point. Compare the gauging height, usually stenciled on the tank deck, with
the gauge height while the bob is touching the tank bottom. This assures that the bob
is not resting on an obstruction or has missed the tank datum plane.
4. Once the bob has just touched the tank bottom, raise the tape slowly so you can
read the graduations easily.
5. Read the' highest mark on the tape that is wet by the oil to the nearest ¼ of an inch.
Make sure to have two consecutive reading that agree to ensure an accurate
measurement.
6. Record on the run ticket an opening gauge reading.
7. If using water finding paste, reel in the tape and observe the point on its lower end
where the color changes (on the water indicating paste) Remember, the free water
level above the tank bottom height must always be at least 4 inches lower than the
bottom of the tank outlet line in order for the gathered crude to be considered
23
merchantable.
8. Be sure to wipe off the entire tape assembly after gauging is complete.
Closing Gauge
Take two closing gauges at the completion of a tank run in the same manner as
the two opening gauges.
24
Quality Testing
Quality testing is the determination of the basic sediment and water (BS&W) content of the
crude oil.
Crude oil is traded on a dry basis; this means the purchaser does not pay for water suspended
in the crude. Therefore, the amount of BS&W content is a factor used in the calculation of the
net barrels of crude purchased.
Perform the field tests with care and record the results in the appropriate fields of the run
ticket.
In compliance with the API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), (Chapter
10 - "Determination of Water and/or Sediment in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Method (Field
Procedure), Hiland uses the 200 ml cone-shaped centrifuge tube procedure.
To determine the (SW&S):

1. Remove the two 16 ounce plastic bottles containing the upper and outlet samples and
transfer 100 ml from each 16 ounce plastic bottle to a corresponding labeled
centrifuge tube. Add 100 ml of solvent to both tubes.
Figure 5 - Correspond Samples to Centrifuge
2. Stopper the tubes tightly and shake them thoroughly, until the crude and solvent
contents are mixed thoroughly. Shaking the tubes may cause excessive vapor pressure
25
build up and break the tubes; shake the tubes well below eye level.
3. Loosen the stopper slightly.
4. Place the two tubes in the warmer pockets of the heated centrifuge (or preheater
unit).
5. Heat the tubes until the fluids are 140 +/- 5 F.
6. After about five to seven minutes, use the dial (or packet disk) thermometer to verify
that the prepared samples have reached 140 +/- 5 F. When the temperature is reached,
place each tube in a trunnion cup on opposite sides of the centrifuge arm (for a
balance). Close the centrifuge lid and spin the tubes for five minutes.
7. Turn off the centrifuge and allow it to stop spinning.
Warning
Do not open the centrifuge lid and squeeze its rotor hub to reduce the
speed of rotation.
8. Following the spin, do not let the temperature drop below 125 F; check it with the
dial thermometer. If it does, the prespin temperature of 140 F shall be raised
by the difference between the final spin temperature and 125° F. This difference must
be added to the prespin sample temperature. For example, (125 F - final spin temp) +
140° F = revised final spin temperature. Reheat the sample to the revised final spin
temperature and repeat the spin.
9. Remove the tubes from the centrifuge. Look straight on at the “cut line” between the
combined volume of water and sediment at the bottom of the tube and the crude layer
floating on top. Rotate the tube so you can see the graduation markings. Record the
amount of the combined volume of water and sediment at the bottom of each tube to
the nearest 0.05% from 0.0 to the 0.4% volume or to the nearest .01% when the “cut
line” is from 0.4 – 2.0 % volume. If the “cut line” is greater than 2.0% volume, read
S&W level to the nearest 0.2%.
26
Figure 6 - Reading a 200-Part Centrifuge Tube
Table 1 - Procedure for Reading a 200-Part Cone-Shaped Tube
Volume (%) Read to Nearest (%)

0.0-0.4 0.05
0.4-2.0 0.10
>2.0 0.20
27
10. Reheat the sample to 140° F, return the tubes without agitation to the centrifuge, and
spin for an additional five minutes at the same rate. Repeat this operation until two
consecutive identical readings are obtained for each tube.
11. For testing using 200 ml tubes, the percentage of water and sediment is the average
of the values read directly from the two tubes.
Paraffin Crude
If the crude is highly paraffinic, the crude may give the appearance of having a higher BS&W
content. Perform the centrifuge test twice at the 140° F level which is usually sufficient to permit
the paraffin particles to dissolve in the crude, or until you have two consecutive readings that are
in agreement.
Demulsifiers
If there is not a clean break between the oil layer and the water-sediment residue, ask your
supervisor about the use of a demulsifier agent. A demulsifier aids in breaking water away from
the crude molecules. However, a demulsifier can only be used with the consent of the area
scheduler. Demulsifiers should be mixed according to the manufacture’s recommendations and
should never add to the volume of sediment and water determined. The ratio of demulsifier to
solvent should be recorded in order to be able to duplicate results if necessary.
28
Pump Operation
After obtaining all of the information about the tank of oil, and it has been determined that the oil
is acceptable, the following steps are required to ship the oil down the pipeline.
1. Inspect the pump and related piping – look for any signs of leaks. Look for settling of
the pump skid or riser. Be sure to wipe any oil residue out of the skid. This is important
for several reasons; to maintain a clean appearance on our customer’s locations, and also
to help identify small drips that later may become big problems. Any leaks or settling
should be dealt with immediately or reported to your supervisor. Do not run a pump that
has signs of problems.
2. Be sure the discharge pump valve is closed. (This should have been done after the last
tank closing)
3. Open all valves on the suction side of the pump. Verify the flow path from the pump to
the selected tank.
4. Start the pump.
5. Open the discharge valve of the pump.
6. Slowly close the bypass valve on the suction side of the pump while watching the
pressure gauge.
7. Verify your setting on the Murphy kill. This device is designed to kill the pump if the
pressure is too high or too low. If you have questions about the proper settings for the
Murphy kill, contact your supervisor. The Murphy kills should be tested by turning the
set point to force a kill signal to be sent to the pump. Make sure that your equipment is
working properly.
8. Observe. While the pump is running, watch for leaks or signs of anything abnormal. If
you have questions or concerns, shut the pump off and isolate it. Repair problems on the
spot if possible or notify your supervisor.
After the tank has emptied, the pump will shut off from a low level kill signal send from a level
switch in the volume pot.
1. Close the pump discharge valve if it is not equipped with a MOV.
2. Close the tank loadout valve. Place the seal and record the number. See ‘Closing out the
tank’ section on page 10 for more information.
3. Inspect the pump skid and piping for any signs of leak. Inspect absorbent pads on the
pump skid and change if necessary.
29
Timer Operating Instructions
Importance of Timers
Timers should be used during scheduled tank purchases. In order to understand the importance
of using timers, you must have a basic understanding of hydraulics and how pressure is affected.
Using the timers will help regulate the pressure seen for the entire gathering system. For
example, let us consider a scenario using the figure below:
10,000/day
Injection Point
Bethel/Scandia Delivery Point
258 psi Colt

882 psi Tioga
28,000/day
353 psi 500 psi
Epping/Springbrook
13,500/day
Trenton
Hebron
5,000/day 230 psi
220 psi
Savage 12,000/day 11,000/day
6,000/day
Camp East Camp
Watford
Creek Creek
Dore
188 psi 466 psi 469 psi 741 psi Johnson’s
802 psi Corner
15,000/day
Figure 7 - Hydraulic Effect Ratable Flow

Given the volume to be injected into Market Center (BPD), if we have a ratable flow, we can see
how the pressure (psi) is affected at every location. We can see the areas that have the highest
pressure currently are East of Market Center at Tioga and Johnson’s Corner. The tables below
show the results.
30
Table 2 - Volume in (BPD)
Tioga 28,000
Epping/Spring Brook 13,500
Bethel/Scandia 10,000
Hebron 5,000
Camp Creek 12,000
East Camp Creek 11,000
Watford 6,000
Table 3 - Ratable Flow (psi)

Tioga 882
Epping/Spring Brook 500
Bethel/Scandia 258
Hebron 230
Camp Creek 466
East Camp Creek 469
Watford 741
Johnson’s Corner 802
Again, using the same volume scenario we will now explore the effects of pressure when we do
not have ratable flow by not using the timers.
10,000/day
Bethel/Scandia Injection Point
Delivery Point
511 psi Colt

1280 psi Tioga
28,000/day
625 psi 899 psi
Epping/Springbrook
13,500/day
Trenton
Hebron
5,000/day 416 psi
200 psi 12,000/day 11,000/day

Savage
Camp East Camp 6,000/day
Creek Creek Watford
Dore
403 psi 1011 psi 1131 psi 1468 psi Johnson’s
1530 psi Corner
15,000/day
Figure 8- Hydraulic Effect Un-Ratable Flow

31
Table 4 - Pressure Effects from Un-Ratable Flow
Daylight Flow Ratable Flow Pressure Increasing

(psi) (psi) Increase (psi) Percentage
Tioga 1280 882 +398 45.1%
Epping/Spring Brook 899 500 +399 79.8%
Bethel/Scandia 511 258 +253 98.1%
Hebron 416 230 +186 80.9%
Camp Creek 1011 466 +545 117.0%
East Camp Creek 1131 469 +662 141.2%
Watford 1468 741 +727 98.1%
Johnson’s Corner 1530 802 +728 90.8%
From the Figure and Table above, when can see the severe effects on pressure that are a direct
result from not using the timers. Areas such as Market Center south are affected the most and
we can see the pressure at Camp Creek Injection increased by as much as 117%! Therefore, it is
very important that Gaugers develop good habits to use timers.
Timers
There are 3 types of timers consisting of Mechanical, Digital, and Triangle Programmed that are
currently in operation.
Mechanical Timer: Intermatic Model T1975

There are a total of 4 trippers between each hour. Each tripper is 15 minutes. The VFD needs to
be set to REMOTE.
Scheduling ONs and OFFs
ON Time
1. Press the tripper(s) into dial at the desired time(s) operation is required. All the trippers
should be pressed from the schedule start to the stop time.
2. Turn the dial clock-wise and align the exact time-of-day (the time now at the very
moment the switch is being put into operation) to the “TIME” arrow on insulator.
3. Do not use the skipper wheel.
4. The pumps now need to be tested for proper operation and examined for signs of leaks.
Please see “Testing the Pumps” below.
OFF Time
1. First tripper in the raised position turns off the load for 10-14 minutes. Each additional pin
lengthens the time by 15 minutes
Testing the Pumps
32
1. Rotate the timer clockwise until the dial comes to a point where you have the pins
pressed. The pump should start up.
2. Let the pump run for two (2) minutes and check for leaks or problems with the
equipment.
3. If there are no indications of problems, rotate the dial clockwise back to the current time
(see item “2.” under “ON Time” above). The pump should now shut down. The pump
is now ready to start at the scheduled time.
Digital Timer: Tork Model E201B

The MODE button will be used to navigate through the screen.
ON Time
1. Press MODE and MAN will pop up for manual mode.
2. Press MODE. Use the Hour and Min buttons to set the time. Press ENTER then
MODE.
3. The screen should be on date setting. Use the Month, Date, Year button to set the DATE.
Press ENTER then MODE.
4. The screen will display “dSt” (daylight savings time) make sure the ON is set. If it is
turned OFF, Press DEL/PREV button to toggle the setting, set to ON. Press ENTER
then MODE.
5. You will be on Channel 1. Timer may be set on channel 1 or channel 2 Press CH1/CH2
to change to channel 2
6. Press HOUR and MIN and set the time required for timer to start the pump.
7. Press EVENT to set desired event (ON/OFF). Make sure it is on the “ON” position for
timer. Press ENTER.
8. The screen will now display another screen to schedule another event (either another start
or stop time).
9. Press MODE to go back to main menu.
OFF Time
1. Press MODE and you will be on MANUAL
2. Press MODE. Use the Hour and Min buttons to set the time. Press ENTER then
MODE.
3. Use the Month, Date, Year button to set the DATE. Press ENTER then MODE.
4. The screen will display “dSt” (daylight savings time) make sure the ON is set. If it is
turned OFF, Press DEL/PREV button to toggle the setting, set to ON. Press ENTER
then MODE.
33
5. The first scheduled pump start time will be listed. It should show “ON” in the left corner
of the screen. Press ENTER.
6. You will be at the second scheduled event. The STOP/ OFF-TIME for the pump will be
set here. Press HOUR and MIN and set the time required for timer to operate (turn off).
7. Press EVENT to set desired event (ON/OFF). Switch to the “OFF” position press
ENTER.
8. Press MODE to go back to main menu.
Testing the Pumps

1. Verify the VFD is set to REMOTE
2. On the menu press the channel 1 overwrite button (CH1/OVR1)
3. Will now have a red light come on. Run pump for two (2) minutes; check for leaks and
proper pump operation.
4. Press the channel 1 overwrite button (CH1/OVR1) to shut the pump off. The pump is
ready to start at the scheduled time.
Triangle Programmed Timers

For the timer to operate the VFD needs to be set to REMOTE. The timers for these VFDs are
built into the programming; therefore, the VFD controls will need to be used to set the timer.
ON Time
1. Press left or right arrows to navigate through the screen until you see 14 in the bottom left
corner.
2. Select PAR (parameter). This will be on the bottom of the screen. Press the
corresponding button below.
3. Type 54 and press ENTER.
4. Set the time for timer to operate (will be in military time. Example: 14 will be 2pm) and
press ENTER.
5. Press the left or right arrow until the port in the left corner of the screen reads 00. You
are now back in the main screen.
OFF Time
1. Press left or right arrow to navigate through the screen. Select 14 bottom left corner.
2. Select PAR (parameter). This will be on the bottom of the screen. You will need to
press the corresponding button below.
3. Type 55 and press ENTER.
4. Set the time for timer to operate (will be in military time. Example: 23 is 11pm) and
press ENTER.
34
5. Press the left or right arrow until the port in the left corner of the screen reads 00. You
are now back in the main screen.
Testing the Pumps

1. On the VFD, click the control knob from “REMOTE” to “HAND” The pump should start
immediately.
2. Allow the pump to run for two (2) minutes; check for leaks and proper pump operation.
3. On the VFD, click the control knob back to “REMOTE” The pump should now shut
down. The pump is now ready to start at the scheduled time.
35
WRITING TICKETS WITH THE HANDHELDS
The following pages provide you with information that may be helpful in learning to use the
handheld and what to do in certain situations.
The gauger will complete an open ticket for any tank that has been set up to be pumped before
they leave the lease site. The open ticket has a different left and right side.
The right side is an abbreviated version of the left side and is to be left for the pumper. The right
side shows the lease, the tank, the opening gauge and seal off. It is to be signed by the gauger
before leaving it.
The left side should list all of the information gathered by the gauger during the gauging of the
tanks, top gauge, observed temperature and gravity, top tank temperature, bs&w, the tank
bottom, and the seal off. The left side is to be kept by the gauger for his reference. It should be
carefully read over and checked for accuracy of everything listed – lease name, tank, gauge, seal
off, etc. before leaving the lease.
When a gauger returns to close the tank, they need to properly gauge the tank, make sure to close
all the valves and place seals where needed and then complete the ticket for any tank that has just
been closed. Make sure to use the review process in the handheld if necessary. Always check
the ticket over for accuracy. If there are mistakes, they need to be corrected. This can range
from re-writing the ticket to attaching a ticket correction form to the handheld ticket. If ticket is
re-written make sure to put the ticket number being replaced in the remarks on the new ticket.
Before the gauger leaves the lease site, a completed, signed copy of the tank ticket should be left
for the pumper.
It is important to leave the open and closed tickets before you leave the lease site. They are part
of the chain of custody and help document the movement of the oil. Every ticket is dated and the
time recorded when it is opened and when it is closed. The gauger’s signature is their sign off
that everything on the ticket is true and accurate – including the time the tank was opened and
the time that it is closed.
36
CrudeNet Handheld
Main Hand-held Program Quick Reference
This section is for a quick reference of the main hand-held program. It will take you thru a
regular day of using the hand-held with five ticket entry samples, regular tank ticket, refusal tank
ticket, sales meter ticket, tank inventory ticket, and a meter inventory ticket.
Downloading Files:
The normal sequence for a gauger would be to first download dispatches and new reference
information from the office.
Entering numeric/symbols characters: To enter number/symbol characters press the key at

bottom left, orange LED illuminates at bottom right. A single key press causes the next key
press to be the orange character printed above a key (LED turns off). Press the key twice to
lock the orange key (LED turns on). Press the key again to unlock (LED turns off). The
key may be pressed and held down (LED turns on) while pressing other keys to achieve the same
result, then release the key (LED turns off).
The first page lets you either logon or set up your printer using Bluetooth to select and then
connect to it.
1) LOGON
2) BLUETOOTH
Above screen shows the Start Menu.

37
Press 1 to Logon and Download Files
You will be prompted for your gauger number. Enter your gauger number and press Enter (blue
key at bottom right).
Backspace key: If you miss type/spell a number/word, to back space press the left arrow key
(above orange key).
A screen button titled ‘Start Telecom’ will display. The process will begin automatically. Let
process finish, do not touch Stop button.
Note: If screen goes dark at any point (preserve battery) press orange key (bottom left), and the
light key (top right) or if the handheld does not respond press and release the yellow power
(on/off) key (bottom middle).
When the screen displays “Successful Upload”, press the button that this appear on and the
handheld will then start the installation of the files it just received into the database files on the
handheld. While this is going on a pale screen should appear with a colored turning wheel on it.
This wheel should continue to turn until the database files are finished updating.
At this point the screen should display where you would enter your gauger number, but the
number should already be there. Press the enter key (blue key on the lower right hand corner of
the keyboard) to confirm your number. Then the screen should display:
DRIVER (GAUGER) NAME

JOHN SMITH
OK?
Your name should be in place of “JOHN SMITH”. Press the enter key again to confirm. The
screen should change to the main menu.
That concludes the log on.
Bluetooth:
Press B for the Bluetooth option.
Touch the Search button to search for a printer. If no printer is found press the printer’s Set Page
(center button) to “wake up” the printer’s Bluetooth radio. When selecting your printer, use the
handheld stylus to highlight your printer and then touch the SET button. Touch the Close button
to exit; if not present touch ‘ok’ in upper right corner of screen.
38
Note: All references to time is in military format. Examples; midnight is all zeroes “0000”, or
“O” (as in the letter “O”) or zero hundred hours, 3 p.m. is 1500 (“O” fifteen hundred hours). The
start of Hiland Crude, LLC business day is seven (7) a.m. or 0700 (“O” seven hundred hours).
After you logon the Main Menu will display. The usual step would be to print an open ticket
report.
The above screen shows the Main Menu.
The Open Ticket Report will show you all of the open tickets in the system.that still need to be
closed.
This can take several pages to print. If you have a good turnover report you may not want to
print this report out every day.
Print Open Ticket Report:
Press 7 for print open ticket option. Press Enter to confirm print.
Your open ticket report should print and you are ready for ticket entry when you arrive at a
lease/LACT.
Ticket Entry:
From Main Menu press 1 for ticket entry.
39
The following five examples of ticket entry will take you through what you would generally enter.
The five different ticket types will be 1) regular tank, 2) refusal tank, 3) sales meter, 4) inventory
tank, and 5) inventory meter.
These prompts and entries are in the general order you would see them.
Note: There are times when depending on your answers other prompts will display.
Examples: 1st time at a lease before lat/long has been captured you have to select the lease from a
list. Another example is if a tank is not on the tank list, then you would use tank selection 0 for a
new tank.
Note: At any time you feel you have entered the wrong information, use up-arrow key to step
back thru the prompts and the down-arrow key to step forward again. You use the down-arrow
key to step forward only to the prompt after the last prompt you have completed.
At a lease, the tickets with be a “Regular Tank Ticket” or a “Meter” ticket.
At a Hiland station or terminal, i.e. Vaira Station or Tioga Terminal, all tickets written up
on any meter will be a “Sales” ticket or if on a tank on the first day of the month it will be
an “Inventory Tank” ticket.
1) REGULAR TANK TICKET:
Enter New or Find Ticket (N/F): You would select New to start a new ticket (open a ticket) and
normally you would select Find to close an existing open ticket.
The program will try locating the lease by lat/long. One of the following prompts will display.
No matching lease found: Press Enter.

OR
LEASE:
{lease name}
{operator name}
CONFIRM?: Press Enter if this is the lease/LACT you are to run or press Esc to see other
possible leases/LACTs.
When selecting ‘N’ for a new ticket you will be taken to the Ticket Type prompt.
When selecting “F” to find a ticket, you will be prompted for tank or meter ticket. Depending if
you select tank or meter, there are different options to find a ticket. A tank ticket is found by
recalling it by ticket number or lease abbreviation. Enter the information you have and if it is found
confirm the ticket to continue at where it was last suspended (normally ‘2nd gauge’) , or press Esc
40
to start recall again.
Ticket Type: For regular tank ticket, leave blank, press Enter.
3rd Party Ticket#: Enter the 3rd party ticket number if applicable. You will always have a 3rd
party ticket number if the load was hauled by truck.
Receipt/Delivery: Enter ‘R’ for receipt, or ‘D’ for delivery.
Note: If lease was previously located, you would continue at the Lease Name prompt.
Lease Name Abbreviation: Enter the lease name abbreviation (usually the first 6 to 8 characters
of the lease name).
Note: If any leases were found you will see a list of them, select the appropriate one. If none
were found, you will be prompted for the lease abbreviation again.
Lease Name: Lease name displays, press Enter to confirm or press Esc to step back to Lease
Name Abbreviation entry.
Operator Name: Operator name displays, press Enter to confirm or press Esc to step back to
Lease Name Abbreviation entry.
Federal Lease: Press Enter for a federal lease or Esc to bypass. The following two fields only
appear if you choose federal lease. If we know the Federal ID number it can be programmed in
along with the legal description so the following two (2) fields would show up on the handheld
filled out. All the gauger would have to do is press Enter to acknowledge what is in the field.
Federal Id: Enter the federal Id number.
Legal Description: Enter the legal description.
Tank/Meter: Enter T for a tank ticket, press Enter.
Select Tank: Select the tank number by pressing the number to the left of the desired tank
number, or 0 for a new tank. If selecting a new tank, enter the new tank number, press Enter.
Green Oil: You have to enter “Y” for yes or “N” for no to answer this question. Then enter to
go on.
You are not allowed to go on until you answer this question.
Seal Off: Enter up to four seals off, if any (up to six numbers/letters), press Enter.
ALWAYS use the last 6 numbers/letters of the seal number.
Observed Gravity: Enter observed gravity, press Enter.
41
Observed Temp: Enter observed temperature, press Enter.
1st temp: Enter 1st tank temp, press Enter.
BS&W Percentage: Enter BS&W percentage, press Enter.
BS&W Bottom: Enter the BS&W bottom. This is in feet and inches (00-00 – feet go in the first
leftmost spaces, while inches go into the right two spaces).
1st Gauge: Enter 1st gauge, press Enter.
Note: At this time you can press Shift & Esc to suspend ticket. If pressed Enter to suspend the
ticket you will be taken to the REMARKS prompt. A ticket can be suspended at any time after
this entry, and when that ticket is brought back up the ‘closing gauger’ will be prompted at that
point in the ticket entry.
If pressed Esc to not suspend ticket you will be asked to Exit, press Enter to exit to get back to
main menu without saving ticket, or Esc to return to last prompt before suspending ticket.
2nd Gauge: Enter 2nd gauge, press Enter.
2nd temp: Enter 2nd tank temp, press Enter.
Seal on: Enter up to four seals on, if any (up to six numbers/letters), press Enter.
Estimated Bbls: The estimated barrels displays, press Enter. If zeroes, enter your estimated
barrels.
Remarks: Enter your remarks, if any (up to 23 numbers/letters), press Enter.
Note: Use the right arrow key (bottom right, to right of yellow key) for spaces.
LACT Name Abbreviation: Enter the LACT name abbreviation.
Note: If any LACTs were found you will see a list of them, select the appropriate one. If none
found you will be prompted for the LACT abbreviation again.
LACT Name: LACT name displays, press Enter to confirm or press up arrow to step back to
LACT name abbr entry.
Review Ticket: Always good to review ticket out in the field. Press Enter to review ticket and
use down arrow key to step thru the prompts. When changing an entry during review press Enter
42
to retain change. Once review is complete and you are back to the Review Ticket prompt, press
Esc to exit review. Some entries will have the option to press Esc to re-select from a list, such as
lease name, operator name, tank #, meter #, and LACT name.
Note: Fields that can be corrected have white background. If a field cannot be changed the
background color is grey.
When printing an “Open” ticket, the left hand side is a completed ticket showing all
opening information.
This side should be kept for the gauger’s reference. The right hand side is an abbreviated
version of the ticket showing lease, tank, open gauge, and seal off. The gauger should sign
the right hand abbreviated side and leave it for the pumper as a confirmation that the tank
has been taken.
When printing a “Closed” ticket, you should print twice. This gives you a page (two copies)
for the customer and then a page to turn into the office at Enid.
Press Esc to exit printing.
Note: You must print a ticket to save it in the handheld. If you do not print a ticket, that ticket
will have to be re-entered. Once printed, a ticket cannot be modified in handheld.
2) REFUSAL TICKET:
Enter New or Find Ticket (N/F): You would select New for a refusal ticket type. The program
will try locating the lease by lat/long. One of the following prompts will display.

OR
LEASE:
{lease name}
{operator name}
CONFIRM?: Press Enter if this is the lease you are to refuse or press Esc to see other leases.
Ticket Type: For refusal ticket enter R, press Enter.
Lease Name Abbreviation: Enter the lease name abbreviation.
Note: If any leases were found you will see a list of them, select the appropriate one. If none
were found, you will be prompted for the lease abbreviation again.
Lease Name: Lease name displays, press Enter to confirm or press Esc to step back to Lease
Name Abbreviation entry.
43
Operator Name: Operator name displays, press Enter to confirm or press Esc to step back to
Lease Name Abbreviation entry.

.
Tank/Meter: For a refusal enter ‘T’ for a tank ticket, press Enter.
number, or 0 for a new tank, if selecting a new tank, enter the new tank number, press Enter.
go on.
1st temp: Enter 1st temp, press Enter.
BS&W Bottom: Enter the BS&W bottom.
44
use down arrow key to step thru the prompts. When changing an entry during review ticket press
Enter to retain change. Once review is complete and you are back to the Review Ticket prompt,
press Esc to exit review. Some entries will have the option to press Esc to re-select from a list,
such as lease name, operator name, tank #, meter #, and LACT name.
Note: Fields that can be changed, the entry will have a white background, when they cannot be
changed the background color is grey.
Print Ticket: Press Enter to print ticket. Each time you print the ticket, two copies are printed
side by side. Press Esc to exit printing
3) SALES METER TICKET:
Enter New or Find Ticket (N/F): You would select New to start a new ticket (open a ticket) and
normally you would select Find to close an existing open ticket.
The program will try locating the lease by lat/long. One of the following prompts will display.

OR
LEASE:
{lease name}
{operator name}
CONFIRM?: Press Enter if this is the LACT to be opened or press Esc to see other possible
LACTs.
When selecting ‘N’ for a new ticket you will be taken to the Ticket Type prompt. When selecting
“F” to find a ticket, you will be prompted for tank or meter ticket. Depending if you select tank
or meter, there are different options to find a ticket.
A meter ticket is found by recalling it by ticket number, LACT abbreviation, or LACT meter.
Enter the information you have and if it is found confirm the ticket to continue at where it was last
suspended (normally ‘Observed Gravity’), or press Esc to start recall again.
Ticket Type: For a sales meter ticket, enter ‘S’, press Enter.
45
found, you will be prompted for the LACT abbreviation again.
LACT name entry.
Operator Name: Operator name displays, press Enter to confirm or press up arrow twice to step
back to lease name entry.
Tank/Meter: Enter M for a sales meter ticket, press Enter.
Select Meter: Select the meter number by pressing the number to the left of the desired meter
number, or 0 for a new meter, press Enter. If selecting a new meter, enter the new meter number.
go on.
Opening reading: Enter the opening reading, press Enter.
Note: At this time you can press Shift & Esc to suspend ticket. If pressed Enter to suspend the
ticket you will be taken to the Review ticket prompt. A ticket can be suspended at any time after
this entry, and when that ticket is brought back up the ‘closing gauger’ will be prompted at that
point in the ticket entry.
If pressed Esc to not suspend ticket you will be asked to Exit, press Enter to exit to get back to
main menu, or Esc to return to last prompt before suspending ticket.
Temperature Compensated: Enter Y(es) or N(o), Press Enter.

46
Note: If not temperature compensated enter the average line temperature.
None of our meters are currently temperature compensated. Always answer “No” on this
question.

Closing Reading: Enter the closing reading, press Enter.
Meter Factor: Enter the meter factor, press Enter.
Seal on: Enter up to four seals on, if any (up to six numbers/letters), press Enter.
Metered Bbls: The metered barrels displays, press Enter.
LACT Name Abbreviation: Enter the LACT name abbreviation for the destination.
were found, you will be prompted for the LACT abbreviation (destination) again.
Destination LACT Name: Destination LACT name displays, press Enter to confirm or press up
arrow to step back to LACT name abbr entry.
LACT, operator, meter #, and dest LACT.
side by side. Press Esc to exit printing.
4) INVENTORY TANK TICKET:

47
Enter New or Find Ticket (N/F): You would select New for an inventory tank ticket type.
The program will try locating the LACT by lat/long. One of the following prompts will display.

OR
LEASE:
{lease name}
{operator name}
CONFIRM?: Press Enter if this is the LACT you are to run or press Esc to see other LACTs.
Ticket Type: For inventory tank enter I, press Enter.
were found, you will be prompted for the LACT abbreviation again.
LACT name entry.
Tank/Meter: For an inventory tank ticket enter ‘T’, press Enter.
number, or 0 for a new tank, if selecting a new tank, enter the new tank number, press Enter.
go on.
48
1st temp: Enter 1st temp, press Enter.
BS&W Bottom: Enter the BS&W bottom.
Review Ticket: Always good to review a ticket out in the field. Press Enter to review ticket and
LACT name, operator name, and tank #.
5) INVENTORY METER TICKET:
Enter New or Find Ticket (N/F): You would select New for an inventory meter ticket.
The program will try locating the LACT by lat/long. One of the following prompts will display.

OR
LEASE:
{lease name}
49
{operator name}
CONFIRM?: Press Enter if this is the LACT you are to run or press Esc to see other possible
leases.
When selecting ‘N’ for a new ticket you will be taken to the Ticket Type prompt.
When selecting “F” to find a ticket, you will be prompted for tank or meter ticket. Depending if
you select tank or meter, there are different options to find a ticket.
A meter ticket is found by recalling it by ticket number, LACT abbreviation, or LACT meter.
Enter the information you have and if it is found confirm the ticket to continue at where it was
last suspended (normally ‘Observed Gravity’), or press Esc to start recall again.
Ticket Type: For an inventory meter ticket, enter ‘I’, press Enter.
were found, you will be prompted for the LACT abbreviation again.
LACT
name entry.
Tank/Meter: Enter M for a sales meter ticket, press Enter.
Select Meter: Select the meter number by pressing the number to the left of the desired meter
number, or 0 for a new meter, press Enter. If selecting a new meter, enter the new meter number.
go on.
50
Opening reading: Enter the opening reading, press Enter.
LACT name, operator name, and meter #.
Recall Ticket:
At any time from the main menu you can recall a ticket by number and print it when more copies
needed.
Press 8 to Recall Ticket.
When desired ticket number displays, press Enter. Press Esc to view other ticket numbers.
LOG OFF SHIFT END:
Once you have completed the ticket entries for the day, use the log off option to send any unsent
51
entries to the office.
Press 5 to Log Off.
A screen button ‘Start Telecom’ will display. The log off process will start automatically. Let
process finish, do not touch Stop button.
When the message box displays ‘Successful Upload’, touch the message box, then touch the
EXIT button, sending of files is completed.
If the message box displays ‘Error in TCOM: {error number}, touch the message box, then
touch screen button ‘Start Telecom’ to try again. You may need to relocate to improve
connectivity.
HANDHELD – DAILY ROUTINE
52
The first thing you need is your gauger number. Everyone should always log into whatever
handheld they are using with their own gauger number.
First thing you do every day is
LOG ON / DOWNLOAD – every morning before starting the day – from where there is
good communications. The best signal strength on the handheld should show two (2) Hs and
at least two bars.
If you are in an area that generally has good signal strength everywhere, you may be able to start
your log on/download and drive. However, if you should go through a spot where the signal
drops you may only receive part of the download. It is best to STAY IN ONE SPOT WHILE
YOU ARE DOING A DOWNLOAD – at least until the handheld responds “Successful
Upload”.
Once you see “Successful Upload” the transmission of data has finished. You can now move
without fear of losing any data. HOWEVER, the handheld still has to process the files and store
them. This may take several minutes (anywhere from five (5) up to twenty (20) minutes). The
turning wheel should stay on your screen until the file store is processing – BUT it may not. So
if you try to punch buttons and you get no response, let the handheld sit for a few more minutes
before trying again.
Among the files that your handheld receives:
Gauger Number
Meters and Meter Factors
Lease Names
Tank Strappings
Open Ticket File
If everyone has logged off the night before like they should, a successful download when you log
on should give you everything you need to run your route for the current day.
Signs that you did not get a complete download of the files:
(1) You cannot pull up a ticket that should still be open.

(2) You cannot find a lease name that you know has been there previously.
(3) You write up a ticket on a lease you know to have been there and it cannot find a tank.
(4) You write up at ticket on a known lease and tank and it does not calculate estimated
barrels.
If number one occurs, please call to check to see if the ticket is in the system. An unsuccessful
download is only one reason why a ticket may not be there. Someone may not have downloaded
successfully so the ticket is not in the system or the ticket may already be closed.
53
DO NOT DO A LOGON/DOWNLOAD AT NIGHT for the next day. You will not have
the most current information – especially open tickets – until the next morning for your
route. This is important if you are running a different route or coming back on after a few
days off – since you do not know what time the last tickets are being opened or closed.
The last thing you do everyday is
LOG OFF – every night when ending the day. Do this where you have good communications.
Remember to watch for the “Successful Upload”. Once you see this the data transmission has
occurred.
A successful log off is very important. This is how your data gets into the system so that it can
be shared to other handhelds and get back to your handheld in the open ticket file.
THIS IS IMPORTANT. Do the log off at the end of your shift/day.
Since everyone stops and starts their day at different times, if you wait until the next morning to
log off, someone that needed your data may have already begun their day and will not have been
able to download data from your handheld that they may need.
Timing of the log off and log on is important for your own handheld to get all the data it needs
back. All the data that you transmit to the server during the day is swept into the database by a
process that runs on every hour. If you log off, you must wait until about five (5) minutes after
the top of the next hour before you can download and get all of your open tickets back into your
handheld.
SO – If you remember to log off at the end of your shift/day and log on the next morning, you
will have the best chance of everyone ending up with the data they need.
REMEMBER
Trying to do a LOG OFF or LOG ON without good signal strength usually won’t do you any
good. You will have to travel to where you have a good signal.
Even though the download should work with lesser signal, the best results are where the
handheld shows at least two (2) Hs and at least two (2) – three (3) is better – bars of signal
strength.
If you see “TCOM Error” on either a Logon or a Logoff, the data transmit did not occur. For
some reason communications failed. You will have to try to transmit again. The most common
reason for this is lack of signal strength. You need to find another spot and try again.
54
LEASE LACT METER TICKETS
Some of our customers have LACT units at their lease sites.
On each of these LACT units we only provide the pumper/operator with a copy of a ticket that is
written up on the first day of each month showing all of the barrels moved for that month.
Hiland and the producer should both be aware of the dates and times of the proving and grind out
and work up of the sample pots and should be a witness to the ticket being written.
A daily meter ticket must be written for every LACT unit on a lease every day, even if they are
not moving any product. The daily tickets are for Hiland’s use only. A copy is not to be left at
the lease, BUT it has to be turned in with the rest of the tickets that are sent to the office at Enid.
A ticket is to be opened every day at each LACT and left open to be closed the next day. When
the open ticket is closed, a new ticket is to be opened with the closing information from it. This
is to be done even if there have been no barrels moved.
A gauger should always have a ticket to close from the day before and a new ticket to write for
the next day.
Even though there is a settlement ticket written on the first of every month, there is also a daily
ticket written for that day. You need to make sure that the ending on the daily ticket you are
closing that morning matches the accumulator reading that is used to close the monthly ticket.
NOTE: DAILY TICKETS ONLY

You may use 40.0 for the observed gravity and 60 for the observed temperature on the daily
tickets. Please use the temperature from the Temperature Averager for the answer to the
Average Line Temperature. If you know the gravity from the monthly ticket you can apply it to
the observed gravity.
Just be consistent once you start. May sure the reliefs all do it the same way.
55
DESTINATIONS FOR HANDHELD TICKETS - MONTANA
All tickets require a destination to be entered when closing tickets.
Montana - Pipeline
In Montana, tanks that are pumped out by pipeline have one of the following destinations:
Albin Terminal it will appear on the ticket as 1431 Albin Terminal

Vaira Station it will appear on the ticket as 1432 Vaira Station
Edgar Station it will appear on the ticket as 1433 Edgar Station
The gathering systems are split into four smaller systems. You need to study the map and learn
what leases go to what stations.
Montana – Trucked
If the tanks are being hauled out by truck, the destination will be either Albin Terminal or
Vaira Station.
They will appear on the ticket as 1431 Albin Terminal or 1432 Vaira Station.
You should have a truck ticket that goes with the handheld ticket.
The ticket number off of the truck ticket should be entered into the “3rd Party Ticket” field on
the handheld. It will show on the ticket when it is printed out to let the pumper/customer know
that the oil was trucked.
NOTE: Make sure to choose Albin Terminal and NOT Albin Junction for a destination.
No truck unloading at Albin Junction.
Make sure to review/read your tickets when you print them out.
56
DESTINATIONS FOR HANDHELD TICKETS – NORTH DAKOTA
All tickets require a destination to be entered when closing tickets.
North Dakota - Pipeline
In North Dakota, tanks that are pumped out by pipeline have one of the following destinations:
Market Center Pipeline it will appear on the ticket as 1441 Market Center Pipeline
Tioga Terminal it will appear on the ticket as 0001 Tioga Terminal
Market Center Pipeline is the destination for all leases in North Dakota, except for those north
of Tioga Terminal, in and around McGregor Station and to the North and West of McGregor
Station, that are pumped out by pipeline. The White Earth area is considered part of Market
Center Pipeline.
Everything to the north of Tioga Terminal, in and around McGregor Station and to the North and
West of McGregor Station, that is pumped out by pipeline the destination is Tioga Terminal.
If you have a map, only those wells in the Tioga tariff district, moved by the pipeline have a
destination of Tioga Terminal. Everything else piped in Market Center Pipeline.
North Dakota - Trucked
The destination should be the unload facility where the truck is unloading.
Currently, those are:
Manitou Station it will appear on the ticket as 1444 Manitou Station

Trenton Station it will appear on the ticket as 1435 Trenton Station
Dore Terminal it will appear on the ticket as 1436 Dore Terminal
You should have a truck ticket that goes with the handheld ticket.
The ticket number off of the truck ticket should be entered into the “3rd Party Ticket” field on
the handheld. It will show on the ticket when it is printed out to let the pumper/customer know
that the oil was trucked.
NOTE: On occasion some loads may be hauled to Albin Terminal in Montana

Make sure to pick Albin Terminal as the destination NOT Albin Junction.
Make sure to review/read your tickets when you print them out.
Remember if it is a trucked load, the destination will not be “Market Center Pipeline”.
57
CLOSING TANKS THAT HAVE NOT PUMPED
When you are closing a regular tank ticket AND the closing gauge is exactly the same as the
opening gauge, it is very important to do the following two (2) things.
(1) Make the second (closing) tank temperature the same as the first (opening) tank
temperature.
(2) Arrow on down to the estimated barrels and force in 0.01.
Please make sure to do this. If you do not the ticket will calculate negative barrels and show
them on the ticket.
GENERAL BUSINESS
BUSINESS DAY
The business day for Hiland Crude, LLC officially starts at 0700 or 7:00 a.m. Central Time, the
time zone for the main office at Enid, Oklahoma and for most of North Dakota.
BUSINESS MONTH
The business month for Hiland Crude, LLC runs from 0700 on the 1st day of a month to 0700 on
the 1st day of the next month.
FIRST DAY OF THE MONTH
ALL TICKETS from the month coming to an end must be closed on the 1st day of the month.
NO EXCEPTIONS.
If a tank has been taken but has not been pumped or only partially pumped, on the 1st day of a
month the ticket must be closed. If the tank still needs to pump out, then a new ticket must be
opened.
You can open new tickets up until midnight on the 30th or 31st whichever is the last day of the
month if you think that the oil should reasonably pump off by 0700 on the morning of the 1st.
If you have to – you can still open a ticket between 12:00 a.m. and 7:00 a.m. on the 1st day of a
month.
BUT if it can wait please do not start any new tanks or write any new tickets until after 7:00
a.m., You can close tickets any time during these hours.
58
If you replace a ticket any time after 7:00 a.m. on the 1st of a month that was written in the
previous month (before 7:00 a.m. on the 1st) call the Enid office and report the ticket that you
are replacing and the ticket that you are replacing it with.
If a pumper approaches you about fixing a ticket that was written and closed in the previous
month, you need to have them call the Enid office and request that a correction ticket needs to be
written. DO NOT print a new ticket for them in this event.
LEAVING TANKS/TICKETS OPEN – ANY TIME
Any ticket should be closed at least the next day after it is opened.
Any time a tank is having trouble pumping off and someone has to be called to fix a mechanical
or electrical problem the ticket should be closed, the valves closed and a seal put on the tank. A
new ticket should not be opened again until the problem is fixed and the pumps can run.
DO NOT leave a ticket or a tank with valves open for days on end.
There should never be an exception to closing the valves on a tank if it is not pumping out.
HOWEVER, if you have more than one tank open on the site and they have equalized, it is best
to go ahead and get the product pumped out before closing the tank tickets. If there are
mechanical or electrical problems go ahead and close the valves on the tank and contact the
pumper and explain the situation. Make sure the pumper understands we are not through
pumping, the reason, and tell them the valves are closed on the tank. You should gauge the tank
and record this in case anything should happen.
CONTACTS FOR HELP WITH TICKETS
Pam Unruh
Enid, Oklahoma
Office – (580) 616-2064
Fax – (580) 616-2084
PUNRUH@HILANDCRUDE.COM
Office Hours – 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday - Friday
Debbie Garrett
Enid, Oklahoma
Office – (580) 616-2062
Fax – (580) 616-2084
DGARRETT@HILANDCRUDE.COM
Office Hours – 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday - Friday
59
OR for help with the HANDHELDS OR TICKETS
Randy Morris
Enid, Oklahoma
Office – (580) 616-2066
Fax – (580) 616-2084
Cell – (580) 829-2227
RMORRIS@HILANDCRUDE.COM
During Office Hours or After Including Weekends – If you have a problem please call.
60
61
CONNECTING TO THE PRINTER:
The Intermec 6822 printers connect to the handheld via Bluetooth wireless
communications.
From the screen on the handheld where it says:
1) LOGON
2) BLUETOOTH
Choose Bluetooth:
Press B for the Bluetooth option.
Touch the Search button to search for a printer. If no printer is found press the printer’s Set Page
(center button) to “wake up” the printer’s Bluetooth radio. When selecting your printer, use the
handheld stylus to highlight your printer and then touch the SET button. Touch the Close button
to exit; if not present touch ‘ok’ in upper right corner of screen.
See the following pages for a step by step screen of connecting to the printer.
62
WIRELESS PRINTING:
Press Search button to begin BLUETOOTH printer search.
SEARCHING:
Display during BLUETOOTH printer search.
63
PRINTERS:
Using the plastic stylus provided with the handheld, Tap the printer serial number to
associate with via BLUETOOTH, then tap the Set button.
PRINTERS (NONE FOUND):
If no printers are found you may have to press the printer’s SET PAGE button to activate the
printer.
64
1 2 3
LOADING PAPER INTO THE INTERMEC 6822

PRINTER
4 5 6
65
Employee Acknowledgement Form
The Gauging Manual describes the important information about Gauger’s responsibilities and
procedures, and I understand that I should consult my immediate supervisor regarding any
questions not answered in the manual.
Since the information, procedures, and responsibilities described here are necessarily subject to
change, I acknowledge that revisions to the manual may occur, and I understand that the revised
information may supersede, modify, or eliminate existing policies.
I have received the manual, and I understand that is my responsibility to read and comply with
the policies contained in this manual and any revisions made to it.
Employee’s Signature
Employee’s Name (Print)
Date
66

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GAUGING MANUAL

CRUDE NET HANDHELD 36

MAIN HANDHELD PROGRAM QUICK REFERENCE 37

CONTACTS FOR HELP WITH TICKETS 59

CONNECTING TO THE PRINTER 62

EMPLOYEE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FORM 66

The gauger carrying tray contains:

The storage boxes must contain:

The 'portable desk' must contain:

Midpoint of the column

TAKE UPPER SAMPLE

Used to determine BS+W of the tank

TAKE MIDDLE SAMPLE

Record observed gravity and temperature using

TAKE OUTLET SAMPLE

Used to determine BS+W of the tank

One operation with

DETERMINE FREE WATER & SEDIMENT LEVEL

Must be at least 4" less than the tank outlet

Take opening gauge at reference height

Read tank thermometer – nearest /°F

Test samples for % S&W and compute average

Accept or reject the oil

Pump crude into the pipeline

Take closing gauge at reference point and check

Prepare and distribute measurement ticket

1. Be sure the conditions are safe.

2. When you arrive at the lease site, check that you:

12. Take the opening gauge.

If a producer representative is present to witness the custody transfer, obtain his

Closing out the Tank

1. Close the lease tank outlet valve.

7. Return all equipment to the gauger's tray or truck storage.

Establishing productive customer-supplier (producer-buyer) relations is critical and must happen

Oil Refusal Policy

Depth of Crude Number of Temperature Readings

Record the average of these readings as the tank temperature.

Between 10-15 feet Two Readings:

Record the average.

X UPPER SAMPLE (U) UPPER THIRD

A X MIDDLE SAMPLE (M) MIDDLE THIRD

Figure 1 – Determine Upper Sample

TOP LAYER OF CRUDE

The API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Stands (MPMS), Chapter 9 – “Standard

Figure 3 - Hydrometer Reading for Opaque Fluids

To take the outlet sample:

1'0" OUTLET PIPE

4" UPPER UPPER

4" THIEF TANK BOTTOM

1'4" OUTLET PIPE

4" UPPER UPPER

6" THIEF TANK BOTTOM

To determine the opening gauge:

6. Record on the run ticket an opening gauge reading.

To determine the (SW&S):

Figure 5 - Correspond Samples to Centrifuge

3. Loosen the stopper slightly.

5. Heat the tubes until the fluids are 140 +/- 5 F.

7. Turn off the centrifuge and allow it to stop spinning.

Table 1 - Procedure for Reading a 200-Part Cone-Shaped Tube

Volume (%) Read to Nearest (%)

258 psi Colt

Figure 7 - Hydraulic Effect Ratable Flow